Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural resources'
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1
Byrd, Lawrence Allen. "The public land manager in collaborative conservation planing: a comparative analysis of three case studies in Montana." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06122009-134838.
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Wallaker, Mark. "Unconventional Natural Resources." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226068.
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Shevchenko, Tetiana Ivanivna, Татьяна Ивановна Шевченко, and Тетяна Іванівна Шевченко. "Recycling of natural resources." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12809.
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Switching of economy to the market economy is related to creation and realization of order of resource saving in all links of economic mechanism. It is one of primary objectives and features of transitional period. The policy of resource saving must engulf all of branch structures and all of the tools of territorial-economic complex. Important line of work in policy of saving resources is drawing secondary resources in turnover. Their stake in production consumption is small yet, although certain experience is accumulated in separate countries.
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4
Jones, Yakama Manty. "Debt overhang and natural resources : revisiting the resource curse hypothesis." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/95/.
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Growth literature presents evidence that resource abundant economies comparatively grow less than other economies, giving rise to the ‘Resource Curse Hypothesis’. Many researchers have developed several theories to explain the ‘Resource Curse’ but there are very few explicit considerations of ‘Debt Overhang’ in these explanations. This study concentrates on the ‘Debt Overhang –Resource Curse’ link given the significant relationships between debt sustainability and other resource spending. It also implicitly seeks to test key competing theories. The key contribution is the evaluation of the ‘Resource Curse’ and ‘Debt Overhang’ phenomena simultaneously using mixed methods analysis. This thesis consist of three complementary empirical studies organised in chapters under the ‘Debt Overhang-Resource Curse’ theme: A Panel Data Analysis of Debt Overhang, Natural Resources and Growth in 153 countries from 1970 to 2011; A Time Series Analysis of Sierra Leone’s Debt Overhang, Natural Resource and Growth Experience from 1970 to 2011 and A Perceptions and Documentary Analysis of Debt Overhang, Natural Resources and Growth in Sierra Leone. In Chapter Three, the ‘Debt Overhang –Resource Curse’ hypothesis was tested by estimating a system of simultaneous equations using the Generalised Method of Moments Three - Staged Least Squares estimator for the whole panel and carefully defined subsets. The results confirmed the ‘Debt Overhang –Resource Curse’ hypothesis in the case of least developed countries, mineral rich countries and petroleum rich countries although it failed to excel when the whole panel was examined. The ‘Debt Overhang –Resource Curse’ hypothesis was also confirmed in Chapter Four, when a Structural Vector Autoregressive Model was estimated for Sierra Leone : a resource rich, heavily indebted poor country at the bottom of the Human Development Index, has recently received large economic growth projections. The results for Sierra Leone were further confirmed using cointegration and Granger causality tests. The investigation continued with a perceptions and documentary analysis in Chapter Five. It investigated whether perceptions of Sierra Leoneans provide support for the Debt Overhang –Resource Curse hypothesis by estimating a structural equation model using Partial Least Squares, utilising data collected during a survey of mining communities. The results of the estimations were triangulated with findings from interviews, observations and documentary analysis. This analysis provided support for the hypothesis as well as some complementary theories within the Resource Curse debate. This simultaneous assessment of the impact of both debt overhang and natural resources on growth went beyond quantitative investigations to provide proof of the link shared by these elements. It also made a rationale for a ‘case-by-case’ analysis of economic growth and development phenomena, resulting in policy recommendations with a greater degree of alignment.
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Barnes, Richard A. "Property rights and natural resources /." Oxford : Hart Publ, 2009. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00262927.pdf.
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Kovaka, A., and M. Barun. "Environmental marketing of natural resources." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40738.
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Nowadays, more and more urgent need to preserve the environment,
as the pace of consumption grow, and this causes irreparable damage to the
biosphere. Therefore, many large companies began to think about the
environmental safety of its products, which led to the emergence of such a
thing as an environmental marketing, which is now becoming more
popular.
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Chrobok, Viktor. "Optimization of Harvesting Natural Resources." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196942.
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The thesis describes various modifications of the predator-prey model. The modifications are considering several harvesting methods. At the beginning a solution and a sensitivity analysis of the basic model are provided. The first modification is the percentage harvesting model, which could be easily converted to the basic model. Secondly a constant harvesting including a linearization is derived. A significant part is devoted to regulation models with special a focus on environmental applications and the stability of the system. Optimization algorithms for one and both species harvesting are derived and back-tested. One species harvesting is based on econometrical tools; the core of two species harvesting is the modified Newton's method. The economic applications of the model in macroeconomics and oligopoly theory are expanded using the methods derived in the thesis.
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SARTORI, MARTINA. "ESSAYS IN NATURAL RESOURCES MODELING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216112.
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This dissertation explores the use and development of computable models for environmental policy assessment. It is aimed at improving methodologies, extending the range of applications and elaborating on the theoretical underpinnings of the models.
Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4 all deal with the economics of water resources. Most of them make use of computable general equilibrium models to assess the effects of future water availability on the economy of the Mediterranean. Chapter 2 addresses methodological issues arising in the estimation of “virtual water” flows, whereas Chapter 5 explores some aspects of sustainable economic growth in a theoretical setting.
In particular, Chapter 1 builds and illustrates four scenarios, assessing future water availability in the Mediterranean and its macroeconomic implications. The scenarios are constructed by considering forecasts of economic and demographic growth, as well as climate change and environmental policies. It is found that some northern Mediterranean countries will face insuffcient water supply for agricultural sectors, because of climate change and reduced precipitation, whereas other southern Mediterranean countries will face similar problems mainly caused, however, by strong economic and demographic development.
Chapter 2 discusses some methodological issues associated with the estimation of virtual water flows, which refer to the volume of water used in the production of a commodity or service, and virtually exchanged through conventional trade. In this paper, we argue that conventional methods for the computation of virtual water flows may bring about biased estimates, thereby limiting the usefulness of the virtual water concept as a tool for informing water policy. We propose a new approach, accounting for both direct and indirect water consumption, that is the one associated with the use of intermediate factors. Furthermore, we distinguish between green (soil moisture) and blue (surface) water resources, which is important because green and blue water have different opportunity-costs.
Chapter 3 analyzes current and future virtual water trade patterns in the Mediterranean. The future scenario is obtained by means of a computable general equilibrium model, where the effects of reduced agricultural productivity, induced by lower water availability, are simulated. The analysis highlights a future reduction of intra-Mediterranean virtual water trade and an increase of virtual imports from central and northern Europe, as well as from the rest of the world.
Chapter 4 considers the consequences, in terms of water demand and economic performance, of climate change-induced variations in tourism flows, for a number of southern European economies. It is found that additional tourists from abroad would increase income and welfare in a hosting country, but they would also induce a change in the productive structure, with a decline in agriculture and manufacturing, partially compensated by an expansion of service industries. The reduction in agricultural production would entail a lower demand for water, possibly counteracting the additional request coming from the tourism sector.
Chapter 5 follows a rather different approach, in examining the implications of alternative assumptions on discounting in a theoretical model of economic growth, in which one natural resource (which could possibly be interpreted as water quality level) affects the inter-temporal utility of a representative consumer. The chapter builds upon Smulders (2007), who analyses a model of economic growth with renewable resource dynamics, to study how society's discount rate and the inter- temporal optimization process affect the long-run stock of an environmental resource.
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Singh, Jaidev. "State-making and community-based natural resource management : cases of the Vhimba CAMPFIRE Project (Zimbabwe) and the Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area (Mozambique) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5532.
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Tsani, Stella. "Natural resources, governance and institutional quality : the role of resource funds." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542070.
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O'Byrne, Nicole Colleen. "The answer to the 'Natural Resources Question' : a historical analysis of the Natural Resources Transfer Agreements." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99147.
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Seventy-five years ago the provincial governments of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta signed a series of Natural Resources Transfer Agreements (NRTAs) with the federal government. These agreements provided the answer to a contentious debate known as the 'Natural Resources Question'. Before the NRTAs, the three prairie provinces did not have control over their public domain lands and did not share equal constitutional status with the other Canadian provinces. In the early 1920s, Prime Minister King recognized the validity of the provincial arguments for constitutional equality and no longer wanted the federal government to be responsible for the administration of provincial natural resources. By this time, the policy ambitions which had previously justified the retention of the natural resources had been fulfilled. Thus, the constitutional rights arguments presented by the prairie provinces found a receptive audience when the control of the lands and resources were no longer a federal priority.
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Falcao, de Jesus Manuel Jose Romao Xavier. "Civil war and natural resources : a quantitative approach." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1140.
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Lujala, Päivi. "Natural Resources and Armed Civil Conflict." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2240.
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Golyan, V., O. Sakal, and O. Kalenska. "Decentralization of the natural resources governance." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45265.
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Values aspects of natural resources and environmental quality, which
are the property of the Ukrainian people cause search of balance, the
optimum ratio of centralization and decentralization of powers, rights and
obligations that will provide sustainable nature use for satisfy existing
needs and not create threats to the interests of future generations.
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Hasan, Md Didarul. "Natural Resources, Conflicts, and Conflict Management." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1177.
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This dissertation examines, both theoretically and empirically, the effects of international policies, especially of sanctions, on conflicts. In theoretical analysis, we consider conflicts (both civil and inter-state) related to natural resources and examine how sanctions on natural resource exports affect the intensity of conflicts. However, for the empirical analysis, we consider only the civil conflicts and examine how international sanctions affect the duration of civil conflicts. In chapter 1, we develop a two-period general equilibrium model on the relationship between natural resources and civil conflicts. Contrary to the most of the existing literature, we assume that resource extraction and wage rate are endogenous during the conflict. We find that the effects of current international sanctions on civil conflict depend critically on whether the budget constraints of the warring groups are binding or non-binding, and whether wage rate is exogenous or endogenous. Under both binding and non-binding budgets, the current sanction can be counter-productive. However, a threat of future sanction reduces conflict intensity, when the budget constraint is non-binding. An improvement in agricultural productivity may also limit the conflict. Our results also suggest that the most effective policy for conflict resolution would be bilateral piece-meal reduction in war efforts. Chapter 2 develops a two-period general equilibrium model linking natural resources to inter-state conflict, treating resource extraction and wage rate are endogenous. First, we characterize the war equilibrium and derive a number of properties of it. Second, we examine the effects of different types of trade sanctions imposed by the international community on war efforts of the two countries. We find that a temporary current sanction on both countries, or even on one of the countries, will be counter-productive, and an anticipated future sanction on both countries will unambiguously reduce war intensity. Whether an anticipated future sanction on one of countries will reduce war intensity will depend on the level of resource stock; the effect of a permanent sanction on both countries is ambiguous: war intensities will fall only if the resource stocks of the countries are sufficiently high. Finally, in chapter 3, we examine empirically the effects of international sanctions on the expected duration of civil conflicts. Contrary to the most of the previous findings, we find that sanctions reduce the expected duration of civil conflicts. Our finding is robust for different controls, different parametric models, and with consideration of endogeneity of sanctions. However, not all types of sanction are equally successful in shortening conflicts. Total economic embargoes and arms sanctions are effective, but trade sanctions, aid suspension, and other sanctions do not work. We also find that both multi-lateral and unilateral sanctions (mainly US sanctions) can reduce duration of civil wars.
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Rockloff, Susan Fay. "Organising for sustainable natural resource management: representation, leadership and partnerships at four spatial scales." Thesis, Rockloff, Susan Fay (2003) Organising for sustainable natural resource management: representation, leadership and partnerships at four spatial scales. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/282/.
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Sustainability of natural resources is currently a concern worldwide. The ecological and economic aspects of sustainability have received substantial research attention, but the social aspects of sustainability are less well understood. Participation by affected communities in natural resource management decisions is pivotal to social sustainability. As such, this study examined ten case studies of participation and decision-making by natural resource management groups involved in agriculture in the south-west of Australia. Groups at four spatial scales were studied, including the State, regional, land conservation district (Shire) and subcatchment.
Drawing on these ten case studies, this study analysed participation in these groups from the perspectives of representation, leadership and partnership. Crucial elements of this analysis included identifying the desirable attributes of participation in terms of achieving social sustainability, and then comparing current practice against these ideals.
The study concludes with comments about the efficacy at each spatial scale of current approaches to participation in terms of social sustainability. Central conclusions from this study follow. Some scales are performing better than others in terms of meeting the expectations expressed through the desirable criteria. The State scale is performing well, in terms of its mandate, with its lower expectations than those ascribed to regional and subcatchment scales clearly being met. On the other hand, the expectations associated with the community- and government-led regional groups and subcatchment groups are enormous.
The only place where there was any major difference between the three was in representation: it was barely considered by respondents from the subcatchment groups, while for the regional groups less of the expectations were met by the community-led than government-led groups. Otherwise they were very similar. The land conservation districts, caught between the regions and subcatchments, seem to be faring the poorest.
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Rockloff, Susan Fay. "Organising for sustainable natural resource management : representation, leadership and partnerships at four spatial scales /." Rockloff, Susan Fay (2003) Organising for sustainable natural resource management: representation, leadership and partnerships at four spatial scales. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/282/.
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Sustainability of natural resources is currently a concern worldwide. The ecological and economic aspects of sustainability have received substantial research attention, but the social aspects of sustainability are less well understood. Participation by affected communities in natural resource management decisions is pivotal to social sustainability. As such, this study examined ten case studies of participation and decision-making by natural resource management groups involved in agriculture in the south-west of Australia. Groups at four spatial scales were studied, including the State, regional, land conservation district (Shire) and subcatchment.
Drawing on these ten case studies, this study analysed participation in these groups from the perspectives of representation, leadership and partnership. Crucial elements of this analysis included identifying the desirable attributes of participation in terms of achieving social sustainability, and then comparing current practice against these ideals.
The study concludes with comments about the efficacy at each spatial scale of current approaches to participation in terms of social sustainability. Central conclusions from this study follow. Some scales are performing better than others in terms of meeting the expectations expressed through the desirable criteria. The State scale is performing well, in terms of its mandate, with its lower expectations than those ascribed to regional and subcatchment scales clearly being met. On the other hand, the expectations associated with the community- and government-led regional groups and subcatchment groups are enormous.
The only place where there was any major difference between the three was in representation: it was barely considered by respondents from the subcatchment groups, while for the regional groups less of the expectations were met by the community-led than government-led groups. Otherwise they were very similar. The land conservation districts, caught between the regions and subcatchments, seem to be faring the poorest.
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Green, Gina C. "Conservation projects in Central America an analysis to determine the ingredients for success /." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26977311.html.
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Laube, Wolfram. "Changing natural resource regimes in Northern Ghana : actors, structures and institutions /." Berlin ;Münster : Lit, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2981489&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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George, Susan B. "Music and learning resources : a natural combination /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0033/MQ47451.pdf.
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Carlqvist, Anders. "Elusive treasures : natural resources in Izumo Fudoki /." Göteborg : Acta Univ. Gothoburgensis, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0707/2006421397.html.
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Kim, Yong Min. "Do natural resources crowd out capital formation?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531549.
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Blomfield, Megan. "Global justice, natural resources and climate change." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.653075.
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In this thesis I examine the problem of climate change in the light of a theory of justice for natural resources. I discuss the implications of this theory regarding how to deal with climate change fairly, and consider the relevance of historical injustices in natural resource use to our current attempts to achieve climate justice. In presenting this account, I discuss a number of arguments in the climate justice literature that draw on a principle of equal shares for certain natural resources - the atmosphere, for example, or resources that can be conceptualised in terms of ecological space. I argue that though natural resources are appropriate objects of egalitarian distribution, justice does not entitle individuals to equal shares of these resources. In place of the principle of equal shares, I defend a contractualist justification of natural resource rights; according to which these rights should be allocated to enable all human beings to satisfy their basic needs as members of self-determining political communities. Resources have not been used justly in the past, given that the history of our world is one of colonialism, the resource curse, and the dispossession of indigenous peoples. To deal with climate change fairly, I argue that we must seek to ensure that individuals and collectives can exercise adequate control over what happens to the world's natural resources in the future - both within their territory and further afield. I use this alternative conception of natural resource justice to consider the question of where to set the ceiling on future greenhouse gas emissions, how to share the resulting emissions budget, and how to understand historical accountability in the face of unavoided climate impacts.
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Nili, Farhad. "Economic growth, development and exhaustible natural resources." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14160/.
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Мареха, Ірина Сергіївна, Ирина Сергеевна Мареха, Iryna Serhiivna Marekha, and T. Makarenko. "Global natural resources and sustainable development issues." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64827.
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Using terminologicаl definition of sustаinаble development аs а bаseline,
we develop generаtionаl аpproаch to the use of the globаl nаturаl resources bаsed
on such key аssumptions. First, аll humаnkind needs cаn be generаlly divided into
three groups: biologicаl, mаnufаcturing, аnd culturаl ones. Second, the аbility of the
globаl nаturаl resources to meet the needs of future generаtions could be defined
through аccounting their quаntitаtive pаrаmeters аnd quаlitаtive ecologicаl
properties (аs fаr аs they аre reproducible, substitutive, exhаustible, vulnerаble to
climаte fluctuаtions etc.).
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Guzenko, D. D., Наталія Олегівна Байстрюченко, Наталия Олеговна Байстрюченко, and Nataliia Olehivna Baistriuchenko. "Approaches to economic valuation of natural resources." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31330.
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Over the last years use of natural resources in the world has increased. It is due to fast production development, progress of science and technology and increase of population. It puts extra pressure on nature and this in turn creates problems with environmental management. Creation of environmental economics is connected with economic solution of world problems. It is possible to ensure sustainable development by carrying out economic valuation of natural assets. The basis of evaluation of natural resources is social environment, natural environment and economic environment.
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Belem, Daouda. "Three essays in macroeconomics and natural resources." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66304.
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Les ressources naturelles sont d’une grande importance pour l’activité économique. Malgré le lien étroit qui existe entre les flux de ressources naturelles et le niveau de l’activité économique, l’attention accordée aux ressources naturelles dans la modélisation et l’analyse macroéconomique reste minime. Dans la majorité des cas, les ressources sont ignorées, ou lorsqu’elles sont prises en compte, les modèles aboutissent à des conclusions dissociant l’activité économique et les flux de ressource. Cette thèse propose un cadre permettant d’incorporer les ressources non renouvelables dans des modèles macroéconomiques. En particulier, une fonction de production est spécifiée pour l’extraction de la ressource. Aussi, nous intégrons la dynamique du stock de la ressource qui incorpore le progrès technique, et la découverte et le développement de nouvelles réserves. Nous dérivons des conditions pour caractériser des chemins d’exploitation optimale, et d’extraction soutenable. Ensuite, la thèse présente un modèle d’équilibre général stochastique (DSGE) dans lequel la production et l’utilisation du pétrole (ressource) sont analysées de manière exhaustive. Le modèle spécifie que le pétrole est extrait d’un stock dont le renouvellement est soit exogène, soit endogène et réagissant aux incitations économiques. Les simulations montrent que le fait de tenir compte des incitations économiques pour modéliser la production de la ressource affecte les implications à court et long termes du model. Enfin, la thèse se termine par une analyse de la rareté du pétrole. Elle examine aussi l’influence de certains facteurs économiques sur les augmentations des réserves dans un panel de 37 pays de 1980 à 2017. Nous trouvons que le prix du pétrole et le cumul des découvertes de pétrole sont positivement corrélés à l’évolution des ajouts aux réserves mondiales de pétrole. Deux nouveaux facteurs ont aussi été intégrés dans l’analyse, à savoir la rente pétrolière en pourcentage du PIB et l’ouverture commerciale qui sont significativement corrélées avec les découvertes de pétrole.Natural resources, especially oil, are of tremendous economic importance. Despite the tight link between the flow of natural resources and measures of overall economic activity such as GDP, natural resources have not been given a commensurate attention in macroeconomic modelling and analysis through time. They are simply ignored in the vast majority of macroeconomic models, and those models that do integrate natural resources end up with conclusions decoupling the evolution of economic activities and the flow of natural resources. In this thesis, a framework for incorporating non-renewable resources into macroeconomic models is proposed. In particular, a simple production function is specified for the extraction process. In addition, we integrate a law of motion for the stock of non-renewable resources that incorporates technical progress and the discovery and development of new reserves. We derive conditions for optimal paths, and conditions for sustainable extraction ofthe resource.Next, we develop a closed-economy stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which oil (resource) production and usage are analyzed extensively. We suppose that oil is extracted out of a stock whose replacement can either be exogenous, or endogenous andreacting to underlying economic incentives. The simulations indicate that modeling resource production as responding to economic incentives has important effects on both the business cycleand long-term implications of the model. Finally, we analyse oil scarcity and examine the influence of competing economic factorsin driving oil reserve additions using a panel data model for 37 countries from 1980 to 2016. The results show a significant positive correlation of oil price and cumulative reserve additions with global oil reserve additions. Two new plausible economic factors have been considered, namely oil rent as per cent of GDP and trade openness which both present a significant correlation with the evolution of oil reserve additions.
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Kalisa, Thierry. "Economic valuation of ecosystems and natural resources." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22004.
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Cette thèse a pour but d'étudier les méthodes d'évaluation des ressources environnementales : la méthode des Coûts de Transport (CT) à préférences révélées et la méthode d'évaluation contingente (EC) à préférences déclarées afin de proposer les contributions suivantes. Dans le chapitre 1, nous montrons qu'il est possible si les données sur les deux méthodes sont disponibles pour les mêmes observations, d'obtenir une meilleure mesure de la disposition à payer (DAP) par la combinaison des deux méthodes en utilisant la technique du maximum de vraisemblance simulé. Dans le chapitre 2, nous montrons qu'une nouvelle approche: le "special regressor" pourrait être une solution pour traiter les problèmes d'endogénéité en EC. En utilisant des données sur la DAP pour réduire les risques subjectifs de mortalité due à la présence d' Arsenic dans l'eau potable , nous montrons que le problème d'endogénéité du niveau subjectif de risque de mortalité peut être réglé efficacement. Enfin dans le chapitre 3, en utilisant une nouvelle enquête sur l'électrification rurale au Rwanda, nous proposons un nouveau design de la méthode d'EC en permettant aux personnes interrogées de choisir entre une contribution en temps ou en argent. Ainsi, en plus de mesurer une DAP classique, nous obtenons aussi une disposition à contribuer du temps mesurée en jours, qui est une mesure aussi voire même plus pertinente que la DAP dans le contexte d'un pays en développementThis dissertation aims at investigating the methods of the environmental resources valuation: revealed preferences Travel Cost (TC) method and stated preferences Contingent Valuation (CV) method in order to propose the following contributions. In chapter 1, we show that it is possible if both CV and TC data are available for the same observations, to obtain a better measure of willingness to pay (WTP) by combining the two methods using Simulated maximum Likelihood technique. In chapter 2, we show that the new special regressor approach could be a solution to treat endogeneity issues in CV. Using data on WTP for reducing subjective mortality risks due to arsenic in drinking water, we show that the endogeneity of the subjective mortality risk level can be treated effectively. Finally in chapter 3, using a new survey about rural electrification in Rwanda, we propose a new design for the CV method by allowing people to choose between a contribution in time or in money. Thus, in addition to measure a conventional WTP, we also obtain a willingness to contribute time measure which is as or even more relevant than WTP in the context of a developing country
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Iddon, Casey. "Market valuation of junior natural resources companies." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2015. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/96742.
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Junior mining companies provide a vital feedstock to the mining sector, which in turn, feeds into the wider economy via manufacturing. The valuation models traditionally used in other sectors of the economy appear to be insufficient, in terms of scope and capacity to handle uncertainty, to provide a rational pricing of junior mining companies. The observation that junior mining firms are valued by some means suggests that either the junior mining markets are inefficient or, more likely, that these markets are able to provide insight, scope, and capacity to the methods of firm valuation. The process by which natural resource companies are valued on equity markets is poorly understood, especially for those companies at an early stage-of-development focussed upon exploration and the development of embryonic natural resources. Thus, the primary research question motivating this research is: How does the market value junior natural resource companies? While a number of studies have contributed to our understanding of market valuation within the junior natural resources sector, the extant research is often siloed in a focus on traditional value-relevant factors that neglects other factors that potentially have even greater value-relevance. A key contribution of this research is to identify, define and subsume potential value-relevant factors into a conceptual framework of junior mining firm valuation. Another key contribution of this research is its empirical analysis of the relevance of accounting information in 2,324 junior mining companies and an empirical event study into 1,526 seasoned equity offerings by junior mining companies. The findings support the value-relevance of commodity prices and reveal that natural resource companies tend to undertake seasoned equity offerings following persistent market outperformance. This research, by conjoining the extant literature with empirical analysis in a mixed methods approach, provides an integrated account of market valuation within the junior natural resource sector.Doctor of Philosophy
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Strehlow, Harry Vincent. "Integrated natural resources management of coastal fisheries." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15573.
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Das Untersuchungsgebiet, die Nha Phu Lagune, weist eine massive Degradation der fischereilichen Ressourcen auf. Die „Rural Livelihoods“ in den Gemeinden dieser Küstenregionen sind durch diese Degradation gefährdet. Da, die Ressourcennutzungsentscheidungen einzelner Haushalte von vielen Faktoren abhängen, bedarf es eines multi-sektoralen Forschungsansatzes. Dieser ermöglicht, die Komplexität und die Diversität des Ressourcennutzungssystems und seine Nutzer, zu erfassen. Das Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM) ist ein multi-sektoraler Forschungsansatz, der innovative und flexible Managementformen zu entwickeln versucht, um natürliche Ressourcen nachhaltig zu nutzen. Interdisziplinarität und die Betonung von Partizipation sind zentrale Kennzeichen des angewandten INRM-Forschungsansatzes. Diese interdisziplinäre Vorgehensweise berücksichtigt sowohl sozio-ökonomische und institutionelle Einflussfaktoren, z.B. Ressourcennutzer-Gruppen und bestehende Regulierungen und Gesetze, als auch biologische und produktionstechnische Einflussfaktoren, z.B. Aquakultur und Fischfangtechniken. Während eines sechs monatigen Untersuchungszeitraums unter Anwendung Partizipativer Aktionsforschung und des INRM-Ansatzes wurden 12 Dörfer im Umkreis der Nha Phu Lagune besucht. Der innerhalb der Partizipativen Aktionsforschung angesiedelte Lernzyklus generiert Wissen durch die Reflektion von gesammelten Daten, die kontinuierlich an die Beteiligten zurückgeführt werden. Die Erhebung mittels Fragebögen, halbstrukturierter Interviews, Gruppendiskussionen, Observierung, „Resource Mapping“ und Venn Diagrammen identifizierte Ursachen für die Degradation fischereilicher Ressourcen. Diese Informationen wurden dann an die Beteiligten weitergereicht, was zu neuen Erkenntnissen über alternative Ressourcenmanagementstrategien führte. Die Integration biologischer und sozio-ökonomischer Aspekte erfasste die Komplexität des Ressourcensystems Nha Phu Lagune und seiner Nutzer. Dies beinhaltet eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Ressourcen, Akteuren, Ebenen, Institutionen, Entscheidungsstrukturen, Livelihood Strategien, Trends und assoziierte Probleme des nachhaltigen Managements natürlicher Ressourcen.The selected study site, Nha Phu Lagoon is characterized by massive degradation of coastal fishery resources. As a result rural livelihoods in coastal communities are threatened. Since household decisions concerning resource use are influenced by several factors, a multi-sectoral approach is necessary. A multi-sectoral approach enables to comprehend the complexity and diversity of the resource system and its users. Integrated natural resources management (INRM) is one multi-sectoral research approach that aims to develop innovative and flexible management forms to manage natural resources in a more sustainable way. The applied INRM-approach is characterized through strong interdisciplinarity and participation. Interdisciplinary means that socioeconomic and institutional aspects, e.g. resource-user groups and existing legal arrangements, are combined with biological as well as production system aspects, e.g. mangrove reforestation as well as aquaculture or gear-fishing techniques. For a period of six months participatory action research following an integrated natural resource management approach was carried out visiting 12 fishing villages around Nha Phu Lagoon. The inherent ‘learning cycle’ in participatory action research generates knowledge in a process of reflecting on the collected data that is continuously fed back to the participants. During questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, observations, resource mappings, and Venn diagrams reasons for the degradation of fishery resources were gathered. This information was then shared with participants, which led to new insights as well as alternative resource management strategies. The integration of biological and socioeconomic aspects identified the complexity of the coastal fishery resource system Nha Phu Lagoon and its users. This includes a multitude of different resources, actors, levels, institutions, decision-making structures, livelihood strategies, trends, and associated problems in the sustainable management of the natural resources.
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Soukar, Louai. "Natural resources endowment, international trade and convergence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0160/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet de la répartition inégale des ressources naturelles entre les pays sur trois aspects principaux. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons empiriquement les effets asymétriques potentiels de l'adhésion à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) entre les membres, en nous concentrant spécifiquement sur les pays en développement. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adhésion à l'OMC a contribué à l'augmentation des exportations de tous les pays, à l'exception des pays non-émergents riches en ressources. En revanche, les pays émergents riches en ressources sont les plus grands bénéficiaires de l'accession à l'OMC. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous explorons empiriquement l'impact de la dotation en ressources naturelles sur les gains de six Accords Commerciaux Régionaux (ACR) entre les membres à travers trois axes : la complémentarité entre les pays, la diversification des pays riches en ressources ainsi que la création et le détournement des échanges. Nous concluons que la complémentarité entre les pays riches et les pays pauvres en ressources a été atteinte dans les accords de l’ECOWAS, du SADC et du CIS. Les résultats indiquent également que, dans tous les ACR, les pays riches en ressources ont accru leurs exportations hors secteurs des ressources naturelles et diversifié ainsi leurs structures d'exportation, en particulier avec les partenaires régionaux. En outre, dans la plupart des ACR, les pays pauvres ont accru leurs exportations vers leurs partenaires riches en ressources, tandis que ces derniers souffrent du détournement des échanges en termes d'importations. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions l'impact de la dotation en ressources naturelles sur le processus de convergence entre les pays du PAFTA. Premièrement, les résultats démontrent que la sigma-convergence n'était observable qu'entre 1970 et 1990 dans les pays du PAFTA. De plus, l’estimation révèle que les ressources naturelles sont l'un des principaux déterminants de la convergence conditionnelle au sein du PAFTA. Par conséquent, l'asymétrie entre les pays en termes de dotation en ressources naturelles n'a pas empêché la convergence dans le PAFTA. L'analyse de la convergence des clubs a identifié trois principaux clubs parmi les pays du PAFTA. En outre, les facteurs qui ont déterminé la formation des clubs sont les ressources naturelles, la qualité des institutions et l'investissement. Par ailleurs, une abondance de ressources naturelles n'est pas suffisante pour être le meilleur club, mais doit être accompagnée d'institutions de qualitéIn this thesis, we examine the effect of the unequal distribution of natural resources between countries on three main aspects. In chapter one, we empirically examine potential asymmetric effects of the accession of the World Trade Organization (WTO) across members, focusing specifically on the developing countries. The results suggest that membership in the WTO contributed to greater exports for all countries, except for non-emerging resource-rich countries. In contrast, emerging resource-rich countries are the greatest beneficiaries from the accession of the WTO. In chapter two, we empirically explore the impact of natural resource endowments on the gains of six Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) across members through three axes: complementarity between countries, diversification of resource-rich countries, and trade creation and diversion. We conclude that the complementarity between resource-rich and resource-poor countries has been achieved in the ECOWAS, SADC and CIS agreements. The results also indicate that in all RTAs, the resource-rich countries increased exports in non-natural resource sectors and thereby diversified their export structures, especially with regional partners. Moreover, in most RTAs, poor countries boosted their exports to resources-rich partners, while resource-rich countries suffer from trade diversion in terms of imports. In the last chapter, we study the impact of natural resource endowments on the process of convergence among PAFTA countries. First, the results demonstrate that sigma-convergence was only observable between 1970-1990 among PAFTA countries. The estimation reveals that natural resources are one of the main determinants of conditional convergence within PAFTA. Therefore, the asymmetry between countries in terms of natural resource endowment did not impede the convergence in PAFTA. Club convergence analysis identify three main clubs among PAFTA countries. In addition, the factors that determined clubs’ formation are natural resources, quality of institutions, and investment. Further, an abundance of natural resources is alone not enough to be the best club, but must be accompanied by high-quality institutions
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Kibria, Ahsan. "Essays on Natural Resources and Economic Development." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7016.
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This dissertation studies the political economy of natural resources and how these resources may pose an opportunity or a threat to a country and comprises three essays.
The first essay explores how economic development can impact the consumption behavior of natural resources, with focus on fossil fuels. It suggests the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between fossil fuel share in the energy mix and economic development. Particularly, the essay illustrates an evidence that fossil fuel's share in the energy mix increases as a country develops, however, after reaching a real income per capita of around US$16,000, the country reduces the share of fossil fuel in its energy mix. Perhaps this policy shift is due to concerns about air quality from its population.
The second essay analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on the risk of violence both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical model suggests that FDI inflows into skilled-labor intensive resources sector reduce the risk of violence, while such inflows increase the likelihood of violence when these are channeled through the unskilled-labor intensive resources sector. The empirical analysis focusing Sub-Saharan African countries indeed supports the outcome of the theoretical model.
To understand the donor behavior in aid allocation, the third essay presents a theoretical model of aid allocation and political alignment. The equilibrium of this model suggests that geopolitical alignment with the donors increases the aid receipts. The model also suggests that donors allocate more aid to recipient countries with higher human capital levels. These propositions are empirically tested using a unique dataset of aid allocation by the resource-rich Arab donors. The results of empirical analysis support the predictions of the theoretical model.
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Van, Niel John J. "Natural-Resources Education in Utah's Public Schools." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6465.
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Several aspects of natural-resources education were explored in this study. First, a statewide survey of science, social studies, and elementary teachers was conducted to determine the current form and extent of natural-resources education in Utah. Returns were received from 51% of the surveyed teachers. The percent of time devoted to natural resources, the factors affecting natural-resources instruction, and the need to improve that instruction were assessed.
Utilizing that information, the Natural-Resources Curriculum Framework was developed. The Framework is designed to provide educators with the essential concepts to be included in a comprehensive natural-resources program.
Finally, examples of classroom support materials were created as extensions of the Framework. These materials, specifically designed for geography teachers, cover a wide variety of concepts involving natural resources.
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Adhikari, Bhim. "Property rights and natural resources : socio-economic heterogeneity and common property resource management." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288589.
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Mathis, Mitchell Lee. "Policy design in an imperfect world : essays on the management and use of open access renewable natural resources /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Tanner, Randy. "Legitimacy and the use of natural resources in Kruger National Park, South Africa." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222008-101255/.
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Lai, Shin-kwan Flora. "Conservation consideration in Hong Kong : a case study of sites of special scientific interest (SSSI) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19906092.
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Walton, Sara, and n/a. "Contesting natures : a discourse analysis of natural resource conflicts." University of Otago. Department of Management, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.142212.
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This research explores the discursive formations involved in two environmental conflicts during which organisations were not permitted to carry out their proposed extractive activities. The conflicts were based on the West Coast of the South Island in New Zealand. The first involved sustainable native logging and the second was over the siting and extension of a gold mine.
Extensive archival and media searches were carried out to generate data on the conflicts. Interviews were also conducted to investigate the community position in more depth. The discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe (2001 [1985]) is drawn upon as a framework to make sense of the conflicts. This framework was particularly useful as it enabled a close and careful examination of the antagonisms and addressed some of the ideological and power concerns with stakeholder analysis. The analysis involved identifying nodal points, subjectivity, subject positions and floating signifiers, which enabled certain hegemonic constructions.
The two conflicts were considerably different. The hegemonic constructions were quite similar and the notion of �being green� emerged as an antagonism that was at the heart of the conflicts and a key to understanding why these business organisations were unsuccessful. That is, who or what is given meaning as �being green� negates and de-legitimates other activity that is not deemed to be green. In these conflicts business organisations extracting natural resources and subjects supporting these organisational activities could not be green - when being green was constituted in terms of the clean green discourse operating economically and socially within New Zealand (see Bell, 1996). Consequently, not being green was deemed to be outside of what we see as New Zealanders as being important and thus should not occur in this country.
This research has implications for business organisations in New Zealand dealing with greening issues, especially as external stakeholders can have considerable influence on organisational activities. Theoretically it argues for a discursive approach to organisational stakeholder analysis in order to address power and subjectivity and for the organisation and natural environment literature to recognise the possibility of multiple meanings of nature. In particular, this thesis contributes to current organisation studies literature by explicitly focusing on �nature� as a concept. It shows that the meaning attributed to nature is a political process which can have consequences for preventing or enabling significant business organisational activities.
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Larsen, Rasmus Klocker. "Dialogue and revolution : fostering legitimate stakeholder agency in natural resource governance." Doctoral thesis, Wageningen University, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-69503.
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This thesis explores how people exert their agency in policy processes that pertain to natural resource governance, and how they construct the required sense of legitimacy for such actions. It also examines the manner in which facilitated multi-stakeholder processes foster legitimate stakeholder agency, and reflects on how they may ensure the rigour of research interventions in situations characterised by intractable uncertainty and controversy.Contents:Chapter I. Introduction. Chapter 2-7: 6 papers. Chapter 8: Discussion and synthesis
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Zhang, Yi. "Ecologically-based LCA an approach for quantifying the role of natural capital in product life cycles /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1222102539.
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Davidsson, Simon. "Natural resources and sustainable energy : Growth rates and resource flows for low-carbon systems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301930.
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Large-scale deployment of low-carbon energy technologies is important for counteracting anthropogenic climate change and achieving universal energy access. This thesis explores potential growth rates of technologies necessary to reach a more sustainable global energy system, the material and energy flows required to commission these technologies, and potential future availability of the required resources. These issues are investigated in five papers. Potential future growth rates of wind energy and solar photovoltaics, and the associated material requirements are explored, taking the expected service life of these technologies into account. Methodology for assessing net energy return and natural resource use for wind energy systems are analyzed. Potential future availability of lithium and phosphate rock are also investigated. Estimates of energy and materials required for technologies such as wind energy and photovoltaics vary, and depend on the assumptions made and methods used. Still, it is clear that commissioning of low-carbon technologies on the scale required to reach and sustain a low-carbon energy system in coming decades requires significant quantities of both bulk materials and scarcer resources. For some technologies, such as thin film solar cells and electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries, availability of materials could become an issue for potential growth rates. Future phosphate rock production could become highly dependent on few countries, and potential political, social and environmental aspects of this should be investigated in more detail. Material and energy flows should be considered when analyzing growth rates of low-carbon technologies. Their estimated service life can indicate sustainable growth rates of technologies, as well as when materials are available for end-of-life recycling. Resource constrained growth curve models can be used to explore future production of natural resources. A higher disaggregation of these models can enable more detailed analysis of potential constraints. This thesis contributes to the discussion on how to create a more sustainable global energy system, but the methods to assess current and future energy and material flows, and availability of natural resources, should be further developed in the future.
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Xabadia, i. Palmada Àngels. "Optimal management of natural resources. Accounting for heterogeneity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7699.
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Dynamic optimization methods have become increasingly important over the last years in economics. Within the dynamic optimization techniques employed, optimal control has emerged as the most powerful tool for the theoretical economic analysis. However, there is the need to advance further and take account that many dynamic economic processes are, in addition, dependent on some other parameter different than time. One can think of relaxing the assumption of a representative (homogeneous) agent in macro- and micro-economic applications allowing for heterogeneity among the agents. For instance, the optimal adaptation and diffusion of a new technology over time, may depend on the age of the person that adopted the new technology. Therefore, the economic models must take account of heterogeneity conditions within the dynamic framework.This thesis intends to accomplish two goals. The first goal is to analyze and revise existing environmental policies that focus on defining the optimal management of natural resources over time, by taking account of the heterogeneity of environmental conditions. Thus, the thesis makes a policy orientated contribution in the field of environmental policy by defining the necessary changes to transform an environmental policy based on the assumption of homogeneity into an environmental policy which takes account of heterogeneity. As a result the newly defined environmental policy will be more efficient and likely also politically more acceptable since it is tailored more specifically to the heterogeneous environmental conditions. Additionally to its policy orientated contribution, this thesis aims making a methodological contribution by applying a new optimization technique for solving problems where the control variables depend on two or more arguments --- the so-called two-stage solution approach ---, and by applying a numerical method --- the Escalator Boxcar Train Method --- for solving distributed optimal control problems, i.e., problems where the state variables, in addition to the control variables, depend on two or more arguments.
Chapter 2 presents a theoretical framework to determine optimal resource allocation over time for the production of a good by heterogeneous producers, who generate a stock externalit and derives government policies to modify the behavior of competitive producers in order to achieve optimality. Chapter 3 illustrates the method in a more specific context, and integrates the aspects of quality and time, presenting a theoretical model that allows to determine the socially optimal outcome over time and space for the problem of waterlogging in irrigated agricultural production. Chapter 4 of this thesis concentrates on forestry resources and analyses the optimal selective-logging regime of a size-distributed forest.
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Dömeland, Narvaez Dörte. "Empirical studies on human capital and natural resources." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7345.
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El primer capítulo de la tesis sobre "Estudios Empíricos sobre Capital Humano e Instituciones" presenta estimaciones de retornos a la educación en Alemania y analiza los determinantes de las preferencias educativas. El segundo capítulo utiliza estimaciones de retornos a la experiencia en el país de origen de inmigrantes en Estados Unidos para proporcionar evidencia empírica que el comercio aumenta la acumulación de capital humano en el trabajo, incluso en los países menos desarrollados, resolviendo la ambigüedad teórica si el comercio aumenta o disminuye "learning-by-doing". La acumulación de capital humano en el trabajo es también positivamente asociada con el PIB per capita, un alto nivel de educación y una mayor calidad de políticas e instituciones. El último capítulo analiza el efecto de recursos naturales y asistencia externa sobre la calidad de instituciones, proporcionando evidencia empírica que -contrario a la asistencia externa, la abundancia de mineral y combustible tiende a ser asociada negativamente con la calidad de instituciones si la fragmentación étnica es grande.The first chapter of the thesis on "Empirical Studies on Human Capital and Institutions" presents estimates of returns to education in Germany and analyses the determinants of educational choices. The second chapter uses estimated returns to home country experience of US immigrants to provide empirical evidence that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation even in less developed countries, thereby resolving the theoretical ambiguity whether trade increases or decreases learning-by-doing. Similar to trade, GDP per capita, a high average level of educational attainment and stronger quality of policy and institutions are found to be positively associated with on-the-job human capital accumulation. The last chapter analyses the effect of natural resources and aid on institutions, providing empirical evidence that contrary to aid, mineral and fuel abundance tends to be associated with significantly lower quality of institutions if ethnic fractionalization is large.
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Aslaksen, Silje. "On the economics of natural resources and institutions." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1747.
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Alofaysan, Hind Bader. "Essays on natural resources, inequality and political stability." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40759.
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This thesis consists of three distinct essays on natural resources, inequality and stability. In the first essay, we retest the resource curse hypothesis that natural resources have a negative impact on growth. We use a panel fixed effect model to examine the effects of higher resource rents and exports from different types of resources on income level and growth rate. We show no evidence of the resource curse; however, we find that natural resources are beneficial for the economy as higher resource rents and exports increase income level and promote growth. In the second essay, we develop a theoretical model on the use of public resources by a political regime to generate political groups’ consensus and regimes’ stability. We analyze a baseline model of a prestige-motivated regime that maximizes consensus from two groups that differ in their political preferences: elite and egalitarian. We show that while an increase in public resources always reduces the probability of coups organized by the elite, it increases (reduces) the probability of revolutions organized by the egalitarian when the initial level of public resources is low (high). Overall, regime’s stability is always increasing in public resources. Furthermore, we show that higher political influence and larger size of the elite group increase the regime’s stability only for high levels of resources. In the third essay, we empirically test our theoretical predictions. We first use a semi-parametric regression and obtain strong supporting evidence that higher income increases regime’s stability. We show that the probability of coups always decreases with income, whereas the probability of a revolution is a non-linear function of income. We extend the analysis and find that higher income increases democracy, whereas inequality has the opposite effect. We also find that higher income and inequality make the country prone to external conflicts and government repressions.
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Kirat, Yassine. "Economic and environmental impacts of natural resources abundance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E056.
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Cette thèse étudie la façon dont les sociétés utilisent, entretiennent et préservent les ressources naturelles qui façonnent fondamentalement le bien-être de l'humanité, l'environnement et l'économie. Les liens entre la prospérité économique, ressources et impacts environnementaux et la protection environnementale sont complexes et variés. Cela signifie que, si toutes ces dimensions ne sont pas prises en compte dans l'élaboration des politiques publiques, tout progrès dans la réalisation des ambitions dans ces domaines peut être entravé par des conséquences négatives. Une question importante dans les études sur le développement est de savoir comment la richesse en ressources naturelles affecte la croissance économique à long terme. Dans la perspective de répondre à cette question, le premier chapitre étudie l'impact de l'exploitation des ressources non-conventionnelles sur le secteur manufacturier des États-Unis sur la période 1997-2013. Dans la même perspective, le troisième chapitre étudie l'impact de l'abondance de ressources naturelles fossiles et minérales sur l'économie en exploitant le canal de la volatilité de la rente due aux ressources naturelles sur un panel de 103 pays entre 1985-2014. Par ailleurs, l'extraction et la transformation des ressources naturelles sont souvent des activités à forte intensité énergétique qui impliquent des modifications à grande échelle des écosystèmes. Le deuxième chapitre de la thèse étudie l'impact de l'abondance des ressources naturelles sur l'intensité en CO2 dans les pays développés sur la période 1995-2014This thesis examines how societies use and sustain the natural resources that fundamentally shape human well-being, the environment and the economy. The links between economic prosperity, resources and environmental preservation are complex and diverse. This implies that, if all dimensions are not taken into account in public policy making, any progress in achieving objectives in these areas can be hindered by undesirable outcomes. A key issue in development studies is how natural resource wealth affects long-term economic growth. In order to address this question, the first chapter examines the impact of non-conventional resource development on the US manufacturing sector over the period 1997-2013. In the same veine, chapter 3 examines the impact of abundant natural resources on the economy by exploiting the volatility channel of natural resources rent on a panel of 103 countries between 1985-2014. Moreover, the extraction and processing of natural resources are often energy-intensive activities that involve large-scale ecosystem alterations. Chapter 2 of the thesis investigates the impact of natural resource abundance on CO2 intensity in developed countries over the period 1995-2014
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Pfeil, Jonathan W. "Algorithms and Resources for Scalable Natural Language Generation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1465469914.
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Kissinger, Susan M. "Development of an instructional natural resources information model /." Link to abstract, 2002. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2002/Kissinger.pdf.
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Calegari, Valerie Rose. "Environmental perceptions and local conservation efforts in Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, México /." Access online version, 1997. http://www.desertfishes.org/cuatroc/lit/calegari/thesis.html.
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Marco, Renau Jorge. "Essays on social networks and cooperation: the case of natural resources." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663666.
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This thesis revisits the problem of the tragedy of the commons. We analyze the role of social networks and social pressure as driving forces for the establishment and maintenance of cooperation in resource use under variable social and environmental conditions. The social-ecological system is coupled and co-evolve in time. We show the extent to which social pressure contributes to overcoming the tragedy of the commons. We find large regions where traditional policy instruments (taxes or subsidies) and networkorientated polices (the higher the local cohesiveness of compliers the higher
the social pressure is) can be applied indistinctly, and analyze to what extent such regions depend on the network structure, the state of the natural resource, and the share of compliers.Aquesta tesi revisita el problema de la tragèdia dels béns comuns. Analitzem el rol de les xarxes socials i la pressió social com a eixos impulsors de l'establiment i el manteniment de la cooperació en l'ús de recursos en condicions variables socials i ambientals. El sistema socio-ecològic està acoplat i evoluciona amb el pas del temps. Mostrem el grau en què la pressió social contribueix a superar la tragèdia dels béns comuns. Trobem grans regions on es poden aplicar indistintament els instruments de política tradicional (impostos o subvencions) i les polítiques orientades a la xarxa (com més alta sigui la cohesió local dels que compleixin amb la norma social, la pressió social serà més alta) i analitzem fins a quin punt aquestes regions depenen de l'estructura de la xarxa, l'estat del recurs natural i la proporció de complidors