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1
Jazuli, Ahmad. "DINAMIKA HUKUM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DALAM RANGKA PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN." Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v4i2.19.
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<p>Konferensi Lingkungan Hidup Sedunia I yang diselenggarakan di Stockholm, Swedia pada bulan Juni 1972, mendorong Pemerintah Indonesia untuk berkomitmen mengarahkan pembangunan untuk mencapai peningkatan kesejahteraan berkelanjutan dan mewujudkan Indonesia yang asri dan lestari sesuai sasaran dan arah pembangunan Lingkungan Hidup yang digariskan dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang 2005-2025. Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengamanatkan bahwa pengelolaan sumberdaya alam harus berorientasi kepada konservasi sumberdaya alam untuk menjamin kelestarian dan keberlanjutan fungsi sumberdaya alam, dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang bercorak komprehensif dan terpadu. Namun dalam implementasinya terdapat beberapa fakta seperti masih rendahnya pemahaman akan pentingnya pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan hidup secara berkesinambungan, lemahnya penegakan hukum sehingga menyebabkan tekanan yang berlebihan terhadap fungsi lingkungan hidup, bahkan sampai mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup, masih tingginya tingkat pencemaran lingkungan hidup, serta kurang adanya keselarasan pengaturan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, serta antarsektor terkait. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis melalui pengkajian hukum doktrinal, maka disimpulkan bahwa permasalahan lingkungan hidup pada substansinya hanya terfokus pada “pengendalian lingkungan” dan dalam implementasinya di daerah cenderung bersifat administratif-kewilayahan dan berorientasi ekonomi. Oleh karena itu harus ada perubahan paradigma dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam agar supaya kebijakan keputusan yang diambil menggunakan perspektif jangka panjang dengan mengedepankan pembangunan yang berkelanjutansecara terintegral serta mempertimbangan aspek sosial masyarakat.</p><p>First World Environment Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden in June 1972, encourage the Indonesian Government to commit steering the development to achieve sustainable prosperity and creating a sustainable Indonesia as targetedby Environment outlined in the Long Term Development Plan 2005 -2025. Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 mandated that the management of natural resources should be oriented to the conservation of natural resources to ensure the preservation and sustainability of natural resources functions, using a comprehensive approach and unified patterned. However, in implementation, there are several facts such as lack of understanding of the importance of natural resource management and sustainable environment, weak of law enforcement causing excessive pressure on the environmental functions, even to the extent of environmental damage, the high level of environmental pollution, as well as lack of regulation’s harmony between central and local governments, as well as between sectors. With normative juridical approach and descriptive analysis through reviewing the doctrinal law, it is concluded that the environmental issues in substance only focused on “environmental control” and in its implementation in the region tend to be the administrative-territorial and economic oriented. Therefore there must be a paradigm changed in the management of natural resources so that policy making are used in a long-term perspective with promoting sustainable development and consideration of integrating the social aspects of society.</p>
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Sergeev, P. "Natural Resources' Policy of Sweden." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2001-4-81-88.
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Saeed, Sahrish, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum, Sofia Anwar, and Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen. "Climate Change Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Feedback Hypothesis: A Comparison of Lower-Middle, Upper-Middle, and High-Income Countries." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054145.
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Governments and policymakers are increasingly concerned about climate change. To cope with this inevitable issue, the SDGs-13 target underscores the importance of developing adaptation measures that reduce its adverse effects and ultimately safeguard both society and the environment. This issue is critical in developing countries, which are unable to counter climate-related risks because they lack adaptive capacity, suitable infrastructure, technology and, most importantly, human and physical capital. By contrast, resource-endowed developed countries have succeeded in integrating adaptative and protective policies into their developmental agenda using human power, technology, and especially investment. Keeping these facts in mind, this study is framed to examine the nexus between climate change, adaptation measures, and economic development across different income groups (lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income), using the Driscoll–Kraay (D/K) standard errors method for panel data from the period of 1995 to 2020. This study incorporates two indices (i.e., adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness) in the adaptation framework. The results demonstrate that developed countries such as Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the USA, and the UK are highly adaptive countries due to their readiness for adaptation. Developing countries with very low levels of readiness have a lower adaptive capacity and are, therefore, more vulnerable to climate change. Additionally, a non-causality test demonstrates that a one-way causality runs from readiness, ecological footprint, GDP, renewable energy, FDI, and natural resource investment to the adaptive capacity in all panels. The developed countries are less vulnerable to climate change because of their well-established economies, rich capital resources, good governance, and timely and effective readiness strategies. Adaptation readiness is a vital tool in capacity building for societal adaptation to minimize the effects of disasters on the living standard of communities.
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James, Alexander. "US State Fiscal Policy and Natural Resources." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20130211.
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An analytical framework predicts that, in response to an exogenous increase in resource-based government revenue, a benevolent government will partially substitute away from taxing income, increase spending and save. Fifty-one years of US-state level data are largely consistent with this theory. A baseline fixed effects model predicts that a $1.00 increase in resource revenue results in a $0.25 decrease in nonresource revenue, a $0.43 increase in spending and a $0.32 increase in savings. Instrumenting for resource revenue reveals that a positive revenue shock is largely saved and the rest is transferred back to residents in the form of lower nonresource tax rates. (JEL H71, H72, H76, Q38, R11)
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Rugebregt, Revency Vania, Abrar Saleng, and Farida Patittingi. "Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i1.219.
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Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.
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Rugebregt, Revency Vania, Abrar Saleng, and Farida Patittingi. "Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1n1.219.
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Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.
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Kim, Hee-Min. "A Spatial Analysis of Policy Stability in Western Democracies, I: A Society-Centered Model with Applications to Spain and Sweden." International Area Review 3, no. 1 (June 2000): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590000300104.
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In this article, I suggest a new typology for the stability of a political system, differentiating policy stability from government stability. I argue that it is when a system is policy-stable that we expect to see a stable and efficacious government. Even when a government change occurs, the policy preferences of the new government are likely to be similar to those of the previous one and we don't expect to see radical policy changes. I go on to show the conditions of policy stability by building a formal model of coalition formation among social groups, assuming a society is made up of social groups with distinctive policy preferences. I show political and social conditions under which stability is likely by studying power distributions among the social groups and the preferences they have over politically salient issues under which a certain set of policies can be stably implemented. In the first part of this article, the government is assumed to have no direct control over societal resources. In the second part, I examine an alternative model in which the government holds direct control over societal resources of its own. I apply the model developed here to the examples of Spain and Sweden throughout this article.
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Werner, Karolina. "Zambia: Governance and Natural Resources." Revue Gouvernance 13, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039239ar.
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This paper analyzes the natural resources governance framework in Zambia. The research is the result of a broader project on natural resource governance with interviews performed in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the paper is to identify the gaps and inconsistencies within the Zambian natural resource policy framework, in an effort to broaden the understanding of how governance of the sector may be streamlined and optimized. It further offers suggestions on how other sectors, such as education, may be central to the development of a more successful natural resource framework. The paper focuses on Zambia as a country with a long history of mining and a relatively stable political environment, yet one in which tensions between government and the private sector remain, and policies on natural resource extraction which have been particularly volatile in recent years.
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Akhmaddhian, Suwari, Erga Yuhandra, and Ressa Siti Nurhasanah. "The Government Policy in Realizing the Sustainability of Labeobarbus Douronensis "Dewa Fish"." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v8i2.3277.
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The present study aims to identify the regulations on the conservation of natural resources and their impact on community welfare. This study applied an empirical juridical approach. The primary and secondary data used in this study were collected through interviews, observation, and literature study. As results, it can be identified that fish conservation in Indonesia is regulated by various laws and regulations, including Law on Fisheries, Law on Environmental Protection and Management, Government Regulation on Conservation of Fishery Resources, Government Regulation on Fish Farming, Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry on Recognition and Protection of Local Wisdom in the Management of Natural Resources and Environment, Regional Regulation on Implementation of Tourism, Regional Regulation on Preservation of Local Culture, as well as Regional Regulation on Conservation of Birds and Fish which give the authority to Kuningan District Regional Government in the conservation of ‘god fish’. The conservation of ‘god fish’ based on local wisdom of ‘pamali’ is in the form of prohibition on damaging the spring in Cibulan Tourist Attraction and prohibition on disturbing ‘god fish’. To conclude with, the conservation of natural resources, especially ‘god fish’, through water-based tourism management has positive implications for community welfare.
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Rochmah, Sjahriati, and Tri Hayati. "Utilizing natural resources of geothermal for villagers welfare." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187403002.
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In National Energy Policy, Indonesia is determined to reduce the use of artifact energy, and continue to promote and increase the use of new renewable energy that is used by 23 percent for electricity and transportation in 2025. Bio-energy contributed to 10 percent, Geothermal contributed to 7 percent, Hydro contributed to 3 percent and other new renewable energy contributed to 3 percent. During this time, portfolio/energy mix target had not reached, as in 2015, only reach 5% and in 2016 reach 7 percent. To achieve the national energy resilience, government put geothermal as one of the supplies of pillar energy in the (National Medium-term Development Plan) RPJMN document. Beside government had promoted renewable energy as one of national strategy for instance to determine the energy policy and regulations for sustainable development but the result was not satisfied enough. The current article would explore the renewable energy governance in Indonesia that focused on the geothermal energy. The implementation of various policies, regulations, and programs should increase the awareness of the importance of renewable energy role in the sustainable development system. The transparency of fair governance and the participation of the stakeholders of development therefore it was a must.
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Kukreti, Mohan. "Natural resources and policies for community-based ecotourism." Holistic approach to environment 11, no. 4 (September 7, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.11.4.4.
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This paper in particular deals with the analysis and reviews of the ecotourism policies and the framework of the state of Uttarakhand and the Indian government. In general, it evaluates and discusses the future and significance of the natural resources for the development of the community-based ecotourism in Uttarakhand for the sustainable development of the villages including conservation of biological diversity. This paper argues that the homestay programme, if encouraged, might help the state to achieve its goal of ecotourism and the green economy. Tourism was given an industry status by the government of Uttarakhand in 2018, providing attractive incentives and subsidies. Nevertheless, there is still a need for the appropriate policy framework for the better management of the natural resources, development and the training of the various stakeholders and the entrepreneurs involved in the community-based ecotourism industry.
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Accastello, Cristian, Anna Bieniasz, Róbert Blaško, Mikolaj Lula, Dariusz Pszenny, Lorenzo Sallustio, Nenad Šimunović, Nicole Vošvrdová, and Erika N. Speelman. "Conflicting Demands on the Natural Resources in Northern Sweden: A Participatory Scenario Development Study." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 21, no. 03 (September 2019): 1950017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333219500170.
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Globalisation strongly influences social, environmental and economic resources, especially in those territories characterised by a historical dependency on a single industry, as in the case of mining. Our study aimed to envision possible future development paths for the mining city of Gällivare, in Northern Sweden, using a participatory approach. Four different transformative narratives were developed depicting a wide range of choices along an ideal anthropocentric-wild gradient. Through applying complementary methodologies for social-ecological system assessment (e.g., Q-methodology, ARDI approach), the expected social, economic and environmental impacts of the scenarios were explored. Results highlight the conflicting demands on natural resources in Northern Sweden and provides a deeper understanding of different perceptions and potential societal acceptance of each scenario from local and nonlocal stakeholder. This paper contributes to local discussions on future development in the area as well as to methodological advancements by providing a framework for the creation of a participative decision-making arena in similar transformative contexts.
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Sarjito, Aris. "Crisis Management Policy of Natural Disaster." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.8985.
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Abstract
Indonesia is the country that has the most active volcanoes in the entire world. The Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate are three active tectonic plates that cause collision zones to form these volcanoes. Indonesia is estimated to have 129 volcanoes, all of which are carefully monitored by the Centre for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation. This is done because several volcanoes in Indonesia continue to show activity. Moreover, it is estimated that more than five million people live in the "danger zone" of a volcano where they must be immediately evacuated if the mountain shows significant upward activity (Indonesia-Investment, 2019). However, efforts to reduce the risk of natural hazards remain largely uncoordinated in different types of hazards and do not necessarily focus on areas with the highest disaster risk.
This paper uses a descriptive qualitative approach as the main writing approach and uses crisis management theory by Rosenthal, that crisis management involves efforts: (1) to prevent a crisis from occurring; (2) to prepare better protection against the impact of crisis agents; (3) to make effective responses to the actual crisis; and (4) to provide plans and resources for post-crisis recovery and rehabilitation.
The results of this study are: (1) to accelerate forest recovery, the government can engage the community with security and welfare approach; (2) natural disaster management is the main responsibility of the government; (3) In crises due to natural disasters, form a team that is responsive to critical situations. This team was formed by involving government agencies, community leaders, and NGOs; and (4) to increase the government's capacity to reduce the impact of natural disasters, assessment of potential damage, the establishment of an early warning system, and the improvement of disaster-resistant capabilities are needed.
Keywords: Crisis Management; Natural Disaster; Policy.
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Goytia, Susana. "Issues of Natural Resources Law for Adopting Catchment-Based Measures for Flood Risk Management in Sweden." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042072.
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The EU Floods Directive calls for integrated flood risk management at a catchment scale. The potential of this directive to integrate relevant policy areas and deliver catchment-based measures may however be undermined by sectoral laws and policies in the Member States. This article focuses on the legal issues affecting the integration of catchment-based measures for managing flood risk in three relevant policy areas, namely, energy (in the form of hydropower production), agriculture, and forestry, in Sweden. The results show that that the present legal frameworks not only can restrict attempts to introduce catchment-based measures through compulsory means, but in some cases can also encumber collaborative and voluntary initiatives. It is therefore important to reinforce the catchment perspective in the processes leading to the adoption of flood risk management plans, in terms of assessing flood risks, evaluating measures and engaging stakeholders.
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Akhmaddhian, S., H. Hartiwiningsih, I. GAKR Handayani, E. Yuhandra, Yuhandra, E,H Budiman, D. Rahmat, and O. Syafrudin. "The government policy on the conservation of natural resources and ecosystems in Kuningan, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 311 (August 14, 2019): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/311/1/012048.
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Xu, Jintao, and Peter Berck. "China's environmental policy: an introduction." Environment and Development Economics 19, no. 1 (December 16, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000624.
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AbstractThis special issue covers several important aspects of China's environmental policy, ranging from evaluation of government programs (biogas and the Sloping Land Conversion Program) that aim directly to enhance the rural environment, to the reform of natural resource sectors (collective and state forest reforms) that set foundations for the sustainable use of natural resources, and to the impacts of urban environmental policies (including urban transportation management and industrial pollution control policy). We provide an overview of the topic and a brief introduction to each of the contributed papers.
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Dartanto, Teguh, and Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro. "Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal di Indonesia terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Disparitas Antar Daerah: Analisa Model Makro Ekonometrik Simultan." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v4i1.131.
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From January 1, 2001, when new autonomy laws were implemented, lndonesia began to move toward decentralization of what had been a highly decentralized. This policy adopts two complimentary laws. Law No.22/1999, which basically the devolution policy, has been accompanied by La No.25/1999, which basically reflect that decentralization policy in Indonesia has adopted the concept of ”money follows function”. Law No.25/1999 describe the fiscal decentralization process that will create a new intergovernmental transfer scheme between the central government and local government. Some of items in the law were really new ones such as the natural resources revenue sharing, income tax sharing, general allocation fund (OAF) and specifics allocation fund (SAF). The policies oftax and natural resource revenue sharing can result in fiscal imbalance among regions. Tax and natural resources revenue sharing will benefit only to urbanized and natural resources rich regions Because of it, Central Government created General Allocation Funds. This fund has block grant characteristic and will be given to regions by fiscal gap conception. The purpose is to equalize fiscal capacity among regions that in turn also can reduce disparity among them. The Simultaneous Macro Econometric Model is made for analyzing the fiscal decentralization impact to economic growth and region disparity. The policy simulation in this model used transfer fund from central government such as Tax Revenue Sharing, Natural Resource Revenue Sharing and General Allocation Fund. The simulation is carried out to see the optimality of various possible existing policies. The optimality is measured by evaluating the high rate of economic growth and low disparity.
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Ibiam, Amah Emmanuel, and Hemen Philip Faga. "INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER NATURAL RESOURCES: AN ANALYSIS OF HOST COMMUNITIES RIGHTS IN NIGERIA." Lampung Journal of International Law 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2402.
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The many States are engulfed in crises over natural resources in the form of claims and counterclaims over who should exercise legal authority over the resources located within the state territory. In Nigeria, the agitation over control of natural resources has led to militancy and rebellion against the federal government and multinational oil companies. The debate on who should control and manage natural oil resources in Nigeria exists at the local community level, the federating states level, and the federal government level. This paper x-rayed the varying contentions of these agitations from an international law perspective. It adopted the doctrinal method to explore international human rights instruments and other legal and non-legal sources to realize the result and arrive at persuasive conclusions. The paper concluded that although international law guarantees states’ exercise of sovereign rights over their natural resources, it safeguards the right of indigenous peoples and communities to manage the natural resources found within their ancestral lands to deepen their economic and social development. It also concluded that the Niger Delta indigenous peoples and oil-producing communities are entitled to exercise some measure of control and management of the processes of exploitation of the natural resources found within their lands. The paper calls on the Nigerian government to fast-track legal and policy reforms to resource rights to indigenous host communities of natural resources in Nigeria.
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Eka Putri, Nora. "POLITIK MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM." Humanus 12, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v12i1.3105.
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Decentralization has become an important factor in managing smaller administrative region. The regional autonomy ruled by the central government through the legislation UU No. 32 in 2004 about Regional Government is expected to improve the outcome of policies of Indonesia’s local administration. One of the authorities delegated to the local administration is the responsibility to manage the natural resources, which is important in increasing the regional income for the development of the communities. However, the implementation of natural resource management still cause several problems such as environmental degradation, poverty, and income inequality. In order to solve the problems, politics play an important role in the regional policy making including the planning, budgeting, implementing and monitoring the policy as well as maximizing the role of communities’ participation. This cooperation between the local administration is expected to result in the effective, efficient, fair, and sustainable use of natural resources. Key words: natural resources management, politics of management, local administration
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Byambasuren, Tsenguunjav, Avralt-Od Purevjav, and Erdenetungalag Erdenekhuyag. "Economic Impacts of the Government Investment Policy." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015010104.
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The abundant natural resources can bring either positive or negative impact to the country's economy depending on the macroeconomic policies. Mongolia has massive mineral resource dominated by coal, copper, and gold. The Government of Mongolia has started to implement a number of infrastructure projects to decrease the mining project's cost burden caused from the country's weak infrastructure. This paper aims to assess the economic impact of the government investment policy towards the mining sector. In order to investigate the alternative options of the government investment policy, it uses a simulation analysis using the Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model which is developed for Mongolian economy. In the empirical analysis, this paper considers following two policy scenarios: Power plant and Copper refinery. The results suggest that both the policy scenarios have positive impact on the domestic economy, of which making the investment to power plant is the better option for the policy makers.
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Tohom, Andilo. "Peran Pengawasan Internal Dalam Menghindari Kutukan Sumber Daya Alam." Liquidity 5, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v5i1.59.
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Indonesia is one of many countries in the world so called resource-rich country. Natural resources abundance needs to be managed in the right way in order to avoid dutch diseases and resources curses. These two phenomena generally happened in the country, which has abundant natural resources. Learned from Norwegian experiences, Indonesian Government need to focus its policy to prevent rent seeking activities. The literature study presented in this paper is aimed to provide important insight for government entities in focusing their policies and programs to avoid resources curse. From the internal audit perspective, this study is expected to improve internal audit’s role in assurance and consulting.
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S.IP., MA, Sobri. "Konflik Agraria Antara Masyarakat Dengan Perusahaan Pemegang HPHTI di Kabupaten Pelalawan." SISI LAIN REALITA 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2017.vol2(1).1390.
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Agrarian conflict between the people living in the villages of the pelalawan district is due to the change of government policy related to the pattern of management of natural resources such as forest, land and river, from "subsistence" pattern to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry sector becoming the root of agrarian conflict in Riau province . The change of development policy from the pattern of Subsistence to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry and plantation sectors created by the government led to changes in the control of natural resources such as land, rivers and forests from the "Subsistence" pattern based on ulayat concept, to become widespread land tenure (monopoly) by the owners of capital (the corporations).
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Setiawan, Tomi. "DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE TO POLICY: STUDY ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S RECOGNITION OF LAND RIGHTS DISCOURSE IN PUBLIC POLICY." Jurnal Wacana Kinerja: Kajian Praktis-Akademis Kinerja dan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik 24, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v24i1.669.
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One of the major themes in contemporary public policy studies is to making public policy based on or based on science by relying on various research results. Knowledgee is continually being discourses through a set of studies until finally it can be used as a basis for making good public policy. This paper aims to analyze the land tenure struggle within the public policy in the context of developing knowledge for policy after New Order Era. Conceptually the tenure discourse is understood as a recognition by the state over the rights of indigenous people land that essentially becomes a reflection of the willingness the state power bearers to recognize the existence of autonomous indigenous peoples. The method used in this paper is qualitative method, with research technique of literature study and document analysis, and also participatory observation. In conclusion, the agenda to recognize community rights over land and other natural resources should be formulated with new provisions and / or use of the old provisions, which maintain harmony between people who are de facto entitled to land and natural resources, with government authorities on the basis of the political conception of the state property rights, contained in the law on land and natural resources.
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Ninyio, Ninette Nyalyen. "Legal System Of Tax Income And Tariff Revenue In The Natural Resources And The Mining Sector In Nigeria: Obstacles And Challenges In Collecting Taxes And Duties, Parliamentary And Judicial Control." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 6, no. 4 (2019): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2019-4-418.
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Nigeria is endowed with a wide variety of economic minerals which are spread across all the geopolitical zones of the nation. The ownership, management and control of natural resources in Nigeria is enshrined in the Constitution, and recognized by the United Nations Organization (UN). In 1962, the General Assembly of the United Nations deliberated and adopted Resolution 1803, (xvii) titled “Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources”. This resolution changed the ownership structure of natural resources from investor ownership to State control of natural resources. The Federal Government of Nigeria, being the owner of natural resources in Nigeria, by virtue of being a member of the United Nations, and a signatory to the treaty which has been transmuted into municipal law, formulates policies which guarantee it receives some compensation for allowing the extraction of these resources. Chief among these policies is the fiscal policy, which is aimed at ensuring that government acquires benefits from the mining of these resources, or simply referred to as taxation or the levying of tax. The legal regime of these fiscal policies is what this presentation seeks to examine, and shall be considered against the backdrop of the obstacles and challenges that mitigate the optimal realization of benefits to be accrued in its implementation, which may be parliamentary or judicial in nature. In doing this, the various extant tax laws on are examined. For clarity, Nigeria operates a presidential system of government and not a parliamentary one, and any reference to parliamentary here strictly means the legislative segment of the government.
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Mirza, Mirza, and Hikmah Zakky Almubaroq. "Naval Academy Cadets Voyage Introduces National Culture." JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science) 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jess.v6i1.392.
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As the largest archipelagic country in the world with a strategic position and with having alarge wealth of natural resources, Indonesia constitutes a country that has tremendous allure to other countries that have an interest. In order to manage abundant natural resources, of course it must be supported by good Indonesian human resources. This is in line with the policy of the President of the Republic of Indonesia H. Joko Widodo,that the development of human resources constitutes top priority in his government policy for 2019-2024. This priority also in the navy which has motto Jalesveva Jayamahe (in the sea that we are victorious). In order to generate qualified Indonesian human resources in order to build and maintain the sovereignty of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia and to implement government policies and Kasal policies, especially in generating officers, of course it can be realized and determined fundamentally by the educational institution system. Therefore, it is necessary to revise these regulations so that later they will be better and can accommodate changes that occur and eliminate existing problems. The purpose of this study is to provide policy authors with tools to understand and predict service behavior as operational and policy requirements change so that the new regulations will be better.
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Bush, Simon R. "Contextualising fisheries policy in the Lower Mekong Basin." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 39, no. 3 (September 11, 2008): 329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463408000349.
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AbstractDevelopment policies for fishery resources within the Mekong River Basin are increasingly divided between aquaculture and capture fisheries. The modern production orientation of aquaculture has been adopted by government and NGOs and justified by the rhetoric of poverty alleviation and rural development. In contrast, capture fisheries has been subjugated as an activity that reaffirms the dependency of the rural poor on natural resources. This paper critically analyses the division between aquaculture and capture fisheries in Cambodia, Thailand and Lao PDR by tracing the emergence and influence of ‘development narratives’ used to justify contemporary policy and practice.
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Nurkholis, Nurkholis, and Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro. "Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Perekonomian Antar Daerah : Analisa Model IRIO." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v3i2.28.
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Regional autonomy program is the form of fiscal decentralization policy in Indonesia, legally started with the law of Regional Government No.22/1999 about de-concentration azas, which imply power or authority sharing and No.25/1999 about decentralization, which imply financial sharing between central and regional government. Financial sharing is tax and natural resources sharing revenue. This financial sharing type can widen fiscal gap between regions. As the solution, the central government gives block grants. Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) model can be used to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization policy on sectoral and regional linkages, multipliers, growth, equalization, and efficiency of the regional economy. The analysis use shock variables of inter-governmental transfer including tax sharing revenue, natural resources revenue and block grants. They are treated as an exogenous variable package by regional government expenditure. The expenditures are in the form of investment and consumption based on IRIO model to analyze the optimality of policy variation. The analysis shows that the optimality of growth, equalization, and economic efficiency will be reached if the allocation of inter-governmental transfer is exactly the same as the potency and linkages between sectors and regions. We find the current formulation of intergovernmental transfer by central government, potent to increase regional disparity. Central government should reformulate division of inter-governmental transfer to avoid fiscal decentralization to be contra productive policy.
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Beztelesna, L., O. Pliashko, L. Shevchuk, Zh Semchuk, and I. Petryk. "ENSURING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES: EVALUATION OF FINANCING AND PARTNERSHIP MODELS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLDS, STATE AND BUSINESS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 6, no. 41 (January 10, 2022): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v6i41.237565.
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Abstract. The article evaluates the funding structure and partnership models in ensuring human resource productivity. The government’s main task is to implement the economic policy that would stimulate the growth of the country’s economy, which is achieved through the active participation of human resources in social production and can be identified by their productivity. Increasing labor productivity requires both fundings for human resources development programs, namely education and health care, and the formation of models of partnerships between the subjects of its provision (government, business, and households). Revitalization of human resources involves meeting the essential human needs, which are defined in the concept of human development, the highest priority of which is education and health. Each country forms its own partnership model of subjects for financing to ensure economic growth and productivity of human resources. The object of the study is the model of partnership in providing the growth of productivity of human resources in the economies of countries that have excellent tools for financing human development programs, namely the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Ukraine. In this study, we used correlation regression analysis to evaluate the models of a partnership between households, government, and businesses in financing education and health to ensure increasing productivity of human resources. We proved the crucial role of public funding of health care systems in ensuring the growth of human productivity in Germany, the United States, Britain, and Ukraine, and in Sweden — socially responsible business. With regard to education, the priority in the partnership model in the United States belongs to the business, in Germany to the state, and in other countries, the participation of all partners is equal. Ukraine has relatively low productivity of human resources. Therefore, it is essential to implement measures to improve it and transform the existing funding structure for human development programs and partnership models to ensure its growth. Keywords: management, financing, education, health, social policy, economic growth. JEL Classification E22, I18, I22, J24, O15 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 32.
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FITZPATRICK, TONY. "The Sixth Giant? Environmental Policy and the Labour Government, 1945–51." Journal of Social Policy 45, no. 1 (October 2, 2015): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000495.
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AbstractThe connections between social and environmental policies have a longer and more fertile history than is often appreciated. Ignoring that history is not just unfortunate in its own terms but may mean that we deprive ourselves of resources that could be useful in the future. Unfortunately, social policy histories avoid discussion of the natural environment, just as environmental histories avoid discussion of welfare services. This article therefore seeks to open up new debates and a new field of research. It focuses upon one of the key periods in the development of UK state welfare, the Labour government of 1945–51. It argues that Labour displayed an ambivalence toward the natural environment. Land nationalisation had long been an aspiration, but Labour drew back from its more radical ambitions. In policy terms, this gave rise to a dualism. Town and country planning became one of its enduring legacies, but more socialistic, redistributive measures fell by the wayside.
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Khvostenko, Vladyslav, Marziye Memmedli, and Stanislav Milevskyi. "The role of Kazakhstan’s oil policy in foreign policy." Development Management 17, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/dm.17(4).2019.05.
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Since gained its independence in 1991, energy management has become the most important factor in the development of Kazakhstan’s economic and foreign policy. This is due to the presence of widespread deposits of natural energy resources in the bowels of Kazakhstan. This forms the energy security and essential basis for the economic independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study, first of all, looks at Kazakhstan’s foreign policy and the links between foreign policy and energy sources. In particular, attention is paid to the role of oil in shaping Kazakhstan’s foreign policy as an active participant in the highly competitive energy resources market. The energy potential of Kazakhstan, the entry of Kazakh oil into the world market and the obstacles created by Russia for Kazakhstan in this process are investigated next. Other problems in the region are analyzed, including border issues with neighboring countries, as well as the impact of energy demand in China on Kazakhstan’s foreign policy. In this regard, the main focus of the study is the analysis of Kazakhstan’s energy resources rich in oil reserves, and the analysis of the multilateral energy policy of the Astana Government since independence and has been gained since.
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Harahab, Nuddin, Harsuko Riniwati, Tiwi Nurjannati Utami, Zainal Abidin, and Lina Asmara Wati. "Sustainability Analysis of Marine Ecotourism Management for Preserving Natural Resources and Coastal Ecosystem Functions." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.2.28670.
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Ecotourism very support for conservation. Ecotourism may assist with preservation of natural resources and ecotourism functions in comparison to other alternatives, such as mass tourism. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of ecotourism management for preserving natural resources and ecosystem functions. This study is a survey on ecotourism destinations Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC). To analyze the level of sustainability, 9 dimensions were analyzed based on theoretical and empirical studies. The dimensions consisted of (1) conservation, (2) participation, (3) recreation and education, (4) economy, (5) control, (6) government, (7) ecotourism center, (8) academics/researchers, and (9) social media. This study employed quantitative analysis using Rapfish application with Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) to assess the status and sustainability index of marine tourism management (CMC). The result revealed that the sustainability status of marine ecotourism management in CMC was categorized as “highly sustainable”. The highest value was the conservation dimension and the lowest value was in the government dimension. Therefore, government support for improving the role of ecotourism regarding preservation of natural resources and ecosystem functions is required. The government can give its support through implementing regulations, facilitating ecotourism management, designing public policy for ecotourism, and planning government policies that benefit the development of ecotourism.
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Hanif, Sobia, Muhammad Atif Nawaz, Snober Fazal, and Ruqayya Ibraheem. "Role of Natural Resources and Eco-Innovations in Determination of the Environmental Quality of Pakistan: Evidence through Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Estimation." iRASD Journal of Economics 4, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2022.0401.0067.
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The present study estimates the impact of natural resources, eco-innovations and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Pakistan over 1990-2019 period. For empirical estimation, Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and Granger Causality Analysis, Variance Decomposition Analysis and Impulse Response Function are applied after checking the stationarity properties and long run cointegration among the variables. According to the empirical findings, natural resources have significant positive impact, whereas eco-innovations have negative impact on CO2 emission in Pakistan. Bi-directional causal association is present between CO2 and eco-innovations, and CO2 and economic growth, but no causal association is present between natural resources and CO2 emission. In addition, Variance Decomposition Analysis and Impulse Response Function show the forecasted effects of natural resources, eco-innovations and economic growth on future CO2 emissions. The findings are robust to various policy recommendations. The study recommends the policymakers and the government to implement strict regulations to curb the over utilization of natural resources. Government should also start new businesses and research and development programs in collaboration with private sector to promote eco-friendly technologies that will help in mitigation of environmental pollution in Pakistan.
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Lin, Chun-Yu, Gui-Lin Dai, Zhuo Chen, Su Wang, Ying Liu, Ping Wang, and Xiu-Mei Fu. "Game of Marine Natural Resources Management: A strategy for Determining Rights Registration." Water 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010036.
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The unified right confirmation and registration of natural resources in sea areas (URCRNRSA) has been considered a key approach to the effective management and sustainable utilization of marine resources. In China, the system of URCRNRSA is insufficient due to the lack of central auditing supervision and public participation. In this study, the mechanism of stakeholder interaction is clarified based on the game relationship among the tripartite of the central government, local governments, and the public. The evolutionary process of tripartite decision-making is simulated with an evolutionary game model. On this basis, the strategic choices of the tripartite were analyzed in the four evolutionary scenarios of high-quality URCRNRSA. It was demonstrated that the tripartite could jointly affect the URCRNRSA through cooperation-constraint, principal-agent, and incentive-compatibility relationships. The most effective, realistic, and feasible URCRNRSA strategy was the trinity system with local government high-quality rights confirming, the central government auditing as a hard constraint and the public participating as a soft constraint. The main influencing factors for the tripartite to make different strategy selections were clarified through parameter sensitivity analysis, including cost, benefit, reward, and punishment. Accordingly, the policy recommendations were put forward to ensure the stable and efficient implementation of the URCRNRSA in China.
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Valiukh, Andriі Mykolajovych. "SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT: ARCHETYPAL APPROACH." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 13 (August 27, 2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i13.131.
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The issues of the essence of the concept of “natural capital”, as well as management in the field of conservation of natural capital have been investigated. The author uses an archetypal approach. The activity and structure of international organizations engaged in environmental policy have been analyzed. The basic features aspects and cooperative efforts in biodiversity identified shortcomings for international and suggests ways to address them have been investigated. The basic state policy measures improving conservation and reproduction of natural capital have been ordered. The basic approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of conservation based on best international experience. The economic evaluation of natural capital resources of Ukraine has been done and the necessity of increasing the annual state budgetary financing natural capital conservation has been improved. The methodic of evaluating the effectiveness of conservation on three levels: national, regional and local has been ordered, to better analyze the actual state of natural ecosystems, to investigate the dynamics of the cost of maintaining of natural capital by various sources (state budget of Ukraine, the cost of regional state administrations and local self-government). The experience of international financing of natural capital conservation through environmental funds has been studied, funds of NGOs and grant projects. Scientific and practical interest in the work is the proposed funding mechanism for biodiversity conservation in the current economic climate of Ukraine. Investigated the organizational structure of government natural capital conservation of Ukraine. The effectiveness of government natural capital’s conservation has been investigated. The functions of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine as a central body of executive power in the field of natural capital conservation have been studied and analyzed. The staffing Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine has been investigated, the system of placement and examined staffing departments of the Ministry, responsible for natural capital Ukraine, has been analyzed. The best foreign practices of natural capital public administration and recommendations for its implementation in Ukraine have been ordered.
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Patittingi, Farida. "New Paradigm in Natural Resources Management: Securing Indigenous Peoples Rights." Hasanuddin Law Review 6, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v6i1.2267.
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The multi-decade struggle of indigenous communities in Indonesia to gain recognition of their collective rights and the reluctance of the state to act on their demands, now has come to a bright spot. The rights of indigenous peoples in natural resources management –in land and forests– get more recognition as well as protection since the Constitutional Court’s decision on forest law. The recognition of indigenous peoples and their traditional rights must be followed by exclusive rights to control and managing resources in their environment, such as land or forests, as the main source of livelihood for indigenous peoples (lebensraum). Hence, a legal policy is needed from the government that regulates and provides strict and clear recognition criteria for its existence and their rights to natural resources.
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Kusumawardani, Adriani, Bambang Shergi Laksmono, Lugina Setyawati, and Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo. "A policy construction for sustainable rice food sovereignty in Indonesia." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (May 28, 2021): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1533.
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As an agricultural country with large natural resources, Indonesia still has considerable problems in managing food security. This is evidenced by the lack of agricultural land and human resources that can support people's food needs so that the government still imports food from other countries. These issues as; it are feared that population growth and high food consumption power, social exclusion (marginalization of agricultural laborers and agricultural land) will cause food security vulnerability in the future. This Mixed method quantitative and qualitative method by statistical and in-depth interview study involving 169 respondents from many stakeholders such as politicians, academicians, farmers, and students to determine policy construction for sustainable rice food sovereignty in Indonesia. The statistical study shows the rice consumption in Indonesia is correlated to education than the age and gender of the respondents. The study indicating problems such as; the welfare of farmers, the application of price limits for staple goods, and improving the quality of agriculture both natural resources, human resources and the provision of agricultural equipment assistance have not been resolved properly. To build food security, it should be balanced with the application of the concept of food sovereignty which is realized by aligning and maximizing competence between political resources, environmental resources capacity, and environmental diplomacy.
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Abu-Kalla, Hala, Ruslana Rachel Palatnik, Ofira Ayalon, and Mordechai Shechter. "Hoard or Exploit? Intergenerational Allocation of Exhaustible Natural Resources." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246657.
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In this paper, a “general equilibrium” (GE) model was developed for the allocation of exhaustible natural resources to examine the impact of different extraction scenarios on intergenerational economic welfare. A stylized GE model was applied to Israel’s natural gas (NG) market to evaluate economic indicators resulting from NG-extraction scenarios: a baseline scenario based on current policy in the NG sector, a conservative scenario based on a lower extraction rate, and an intensive scenario based on a faster extraction rate. The impact of various resource income-allocation strategies on intergenerational economic welfare was examined through the mechanism of a “sovereign wealth fund” (SWF). The results indicate that a higher NG-extraction rate combined with an appropriate investment strategy for NG profits is preferable from an economic perspective compared to a conservative rate. Investment of the government take from the NG market in research and development (R&D) of renewable electricity production can sustainably increase economic welfare.
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Nilsson Dahlström, Åsa, Johanna Dahlin, and Håkan Tunón. "Pathfinders for the Future? Indigenous Rights and Traditional Knowledge in Sweden." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 11195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011195.
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Indigenous peoples have for the past decades increasingly argued that not only is their traditional knowledge to be recognized in the management of their traditional territories, but that Indigenous control and self-governance over territories and natural resources are crucial for long-term sustainability of the land and cultural revitalisation of its people. In recent years, the Saami in Sweden have also presented themselves as pathfinders, offering advice and solutions for a more sustainable future not only for the Saami society, but for all of Sweden. This paper investigates how Saami claims for rights and stewardship in environmental management are related to Saami cultural revitalisation, within a Swedish colonial framework. It is based on an investigation of the Saami policy positions expressed in policy documents and opinion pieces produced by organisations representing the Saami, linking claims for rights and environmental stewardship with cultural revitalisation and a more sustainable development for all.
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Muhamad, Nabiha Zain. "IMPACT OF GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ON THE INDONESIAN MAP STANDARDISING PROCESS." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.5.1.157-162.
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The lack of standardised thematic maps in Indonesia has lead to many land ownership conflicts on the ground. The problem began since Indonesia started to exploit its natural resources by giving up its management to the market in the early 1960s. Concessions to exploit natural resources were given out without adequate assessment to real potential value of the resources. Mapping of concession areas by respective ministries without any standardised method or reference lead to the production of multiple official maps that conflict one another. Efforts to standardise the conflicting maps were initiated in 2011 and is currently still ongoing. This study aims to derive governance performance indices that directly or indirectly affect the map standaridising process. This study interviewed sources related to either the policy making process at the national level; government officials executing the policy at the provincial level and those affected by the conflict and other stakeholders advocating their rights. Interviewees include a number of officials in the central government both current and when the initiative were launched, provincial government and at the village level. To achieve sustainable development in environmental management, good governance is a prerequisite. However, the study found that sectoral ego and low government performance including, among others, corruption played a big role in hindering the process. By adding governance performance indices along with natural and economic variables to a forecast model, it can be predicted when Indonesia will likely to achieve its ideal level of harmonised maps.
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ANTONA, MARTINE, ESTELLE MOTTE BIÉNABE, JEAN-MICHEL SALLES, GÉRALDINE PÉCHARD, SIGRID AUBERT, and RIVO RATSIMBARISON. "Rights transfers in Madagascar biodiversity policies: achievements and significance." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 6 (November 19, 2004): 825–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x04001640.
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Decentralization and people's participation have been key features of government environmental policy since the 1990s. In Madagascar, the policy of Secured Local Management of Natural Resources, known as the GELOSE act, has created a framework for the transfer of rights from central government to local communities. This article analyses the practical implementation of this policy by focusing on the nature of the rights transferred and on the nature of the contracts and incentives developed. The Aghion and Tirole model for allocation of formal and real authority in an organization is used to shed light on the contractual definition process and on the trade-offs between giving responsibilities to local communities and losing control over natural resources management. It is shown that a congruence of interests between the parties is crucial for effective delegation of authority to local communities and that this congruence may emerge in relation to the transfer of exclusion rights.
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Garau, Martina, Koonal Kirit Shah, Priya Sharma, and Adrian Towse. "IS THE LINK BETWEEN HEALTH AND WEALTH CONSIDERED IN DECISION MAKING? RESULTS FROM A QUALITATIVE STUDY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 31, no. 6 (2015): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462315000616.
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Objectives:The aim of this study was to explore whether wealth effects of health interventions, including productivity gains and savings in other sectors, are considered in resource allocations by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies and government departments. To analyze reasons for including, or not including, wealth effects.Methods:Semi-structured interviews with decision makers and academic experts in eight countries (Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, South Korea, Sweden, and the United Kingdom).Results:There is evidence suggesting that health interventions can produce economic gains for patients and national economies. However, we found that the link between health and wealth does not influence decision making in any country with the exception of Sweden. This is due to a combination of factors, including system fragmentation, methodological issues, and the economic recession forcing national governments to focus on short-term measures.Conclusions:In countries with established HTA processes and methods allowing, in principle, the inclusion of wider effects in exceptional cases or secondary analyses, it might be possible to overcome the methodological and practical barriers and see a more systematic consideration of wealth effect in decision making. This would be consistent with principles of efficient priority setting. Barriers for the consideration of wealth effects in government decision making are more fundamental, due to an enduring separation of budgets within the public sector and current financial pressures. However, governments should consider all relevant effects from public investments, including healthcare, even when benefits can only be captured in the medium- and long-term. This will ensure that resources are allocated where they bring the best returns.
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Rafig Asgarov, Sirus. "China's Energy Policy in Africa." SCIENTIFIC WORK 61, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/61/179-183.
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China's interest in Sub-Saharan Africa, which can be summarized within the framework of 2 main objectives as the acquisition of fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, which are needed as a result of rapidly increasing production, as well as the marketing and supply of products obtained as a result of production, was first carried out with Angola, which has a very rich position in terms of oil. started as a result of contacts. Within the framework of the agreements made between the Chinese government and the Angolan government, which was selected as the pilot country in the opening towards the region, the long-term transfer of the oil extracted in Angola to China was ensured; In return for this sale, China made dams, power plants, electricity transmission, and distribution lines and various transportation infrastructure investments in the region. Key words: Africa, China, energy, resource, policy
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McLure, C. E. "The Taxation of Natural Resources and the Future of the Russian Federation." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 3 (September 1994): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120309.
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This paper is an examination of the vertical and horizontal division of revenues from taxing natural resources, a crucial issue for the future of the Russian Federation. Assigning resource revenues entirely to subnational governments would undermine the fiscal capacity of the central government, Resources arc so concentrated geographically that allocating revenues primarily to jurisdictions where production occurs would create large fiscal disparities among subnational governments. Either of these policies could encourage the disintegration of the Federation—as could a contrary policy. After a brief review of the concept of economic rent, the theory of tax assignment is examined and applied to taxes on natural resources. Whereas economic arguments tend to favor centralization of resource rents, political realities suggest decentralization. It is noted that there will be many claimants to potential rents from Russian natural resources, including consumers, native peoples, suppliers of oilfield equipment, pipeline companies, foreign investors, and managers and employees in the energy sector and its suppliers. Last, consideration is given to whether resource rents should be placed in trust funds, by either native peoples or the government of producing regions, and the experience of Alberta and Alaska in this area is reviewed.
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Marpaung, B. O. Y., Dwira Nirfalini Aulia, and Eric Witarsa. "Evaluation of Tourism Policies Towards Sustainable Development." Journal of Politics and Law 14, no. 4 (May 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p1.
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Indonesia has the potential of natural resources for tourism development. One of the natural resources that the government continues to develop in Indonesia is the Lake Toba tourist attraction. The level of tourism visits at Lake Toba tourist destinations in Indonesia in recent years is low. Policies designed to provide a socially inclusive and ecologically sound tourism framework are weak in encouraging local wisdom-based tourism in the tourist destinations of Lake Toba, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Local wisdom-based government policies are essential and strategic because they can trigger an increase in the quality of tourism in Lake Toba. Government regulations and policies that show concern for local wisdom for the Lake Toba area in North Sumatera, Indonesia, can support and guide community involvement. The results of this research can help evaluate policy documents at other well-known tourist destinations.
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Sohail, Sadia, Sohail Ahmad, and Noor Jehan. "Distribution of Resource Revenues in Balochistan: A Gap in Pakistan's Policy Making." Global Regional Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(ii-i).01.
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Since the discovery of oil and gas in Balochistan and Sindh, Punjab has remained the primary consumer. The gas reserves that were found in 1952 reached the consumers of Baluchistan in 1986 in 14 urban townships. Other than natural gas and oil the mineral deposits, their exploration and extraction through foreign companies is raising eyebrows on the issue of the revenue distribution. This paper is based on the MS thesis of the author, Mismanagement of Natural Resources: Challenges to the stability of Pakistan and its implications of Foreign Direct Investment (2005-2017). It discusses, why there is lack of consensus between the central government and Balochistan on the issue of minerals extraction and revenue distribution? It also addresses, how mal-administration played a role in widening the gap between Balochistan and Central government and it suggests measures to improve the situation.
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Mitchell, Bruce, Kathryn Bellette, and Stacey Richardson. "Natural resources management in South Australia – regional and collaborative approaches." Water Policy 17, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 630–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.153.
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Experiences with three approaches intended to achieve increasing levels of regional and collaborative engagement – Ministerial water advisory committees, Catchment Water Management Boards and Natural Resources Management Boards – are examined over the period from the 1970s to early 2014. Attention focuses on two tensions: (1) whether to have a system-wide or regional focus and (2) whether to pursue extensive consultation and seek consensus, or have government agencies limit consultation and take decisions in a timely manner, knowing that winners and losers will emerge. Supporting legislation, policies, plans and programmes were reviewed, and interviews were completed with 88 individuals. Support generally exists for regional and collaborative approaches, but with recognition of a need to balance strengths and limitations for whatever choice is made.
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Czuba, Michał. "Strengthening the ecological security of Poland on the example of initiatives limiting the phenomenon of smog." Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis 30 (September 29, 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/spus.11381.
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Humans and their existence depend on the natural system. Maintaining balance in this system requires proper management of natural resources and taking actions aimed at limiting and preventing negative effects of the economic activity as well as rational use of natural resources available in a given time. The effects of the intensive development of the economy with the uncontrolled use of natural resources were felt by developed countries already in the first, and much stronger in the second half of the 20th century. One of them is air pollution contributing to the formation of smog. This problem is so important in Polish conditionsthat measures are taken by the government and its authorities to limit the effects and scope of this phenomenon. These activities serve to increase the ecological security.
Over the past dozen or so years, there has been a significant evolution of environmental policy in Poland, new regulations have been created in the field of environmental law. The paper analyzes the issues of Poland’s environmental policy up to 2030 and the “Clean Air” program implemented under this policy. It also attempts to indicate the positive social effects resulting from its implementation.
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Korhonen, Jouni, and Birk Granberg. "Sweden Backcasting, Now?—Strategic Planning for Covid-19 Mitigation in a Liberal Democracy." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 4138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104138.
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Sweden is applying the herd-immunity as its main natural science strategy to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. This has been communicated in a transparent manner. Small groups of young(er) people of up to approximately 50 individuals are subject to a bigger risk of infection than others. The objective of this paper is to make a case for the argument, that alongside herd-immunity, Sweden is using the social science originated planning approach: backcasting. The government has not been transparent on backcasting. The authors present the use of backcasting only as an argument based on available data and authors’ reasoning. A backcasting exercise for the case of the Swedish economy is constructed. This frame outlines five interdependent levels with which a national economy can apply what this paper calls a backcasting herd-immunity approach in its COVID-19 policy. The authors further suggest how it is possible to use social science, natural science and political ideology as complementary in COVID-19 mitigation in particular and in sustainability strategies in general.
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Si, Rijimoleng, and Gang Han. "DID Analysis on the Impact of Policies on the Rural-Urban Income Disparity in Resource-Dependent Regions: A Case Study of Ordos." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n7p191.
Full textAbstract:
Ordos is the most abundant coal resource city in Inner Mongolia. Its coal resources account for one half of Inner Mongolia's coal resources and one sixth of China's total coal reserves. Abundant coal resources have laid the foundation for Ordos become today’s resource-based city. In 2003, Inner Mongolia issued “the guiding opinions on accelerating the development of key coal enterprises” (hereinafter referred to as “policy”), supporting the development of coal enterprises and providing policy conditions for the rapid economic development of Ordos. However, with the rapid development of economy, the rural-urban income disparity is also getting bigger in Ordos. Based on panel data from 1999 to 2012 and use the DID analysis of “quasi-natural experiment”, the paper finds that the policy has increased the rural-urban income disparity. The policy increases the rural-urban income disparity by promoting GDP growth. Therefore, the role of the policy system in the economic development of a region cannot be ignored. The government supports the development of local resource-based industries and also increase support for the development of upstream and downstream industries. Under the guidance of policy, the mineral resources income should be transformed reasonably. Government should invest the proceeds of mineral resources in material capital and human capital. Government also should invest the proceeds of mineral resources in external industries and projects that require large initial capital or long construction cycles, such as those essential infrastructure sectors: education, health, transportation and energy. In this way, the integration of urban and rural development will be realized and the rural-urban income disparity will be reduced.
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Alfirdaus, Laila Kholid. "Making rural people’s fate in the hand of urban entities? A question of natural resource governance and rural-urban linkage in Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan 4, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v4i1.4750.
Full textAbstract:
The idea of rural-urban linkage, which is meant to tackle the issue of urban bias in development, requires trust and equality as fundamental conditions. However, building trust and promoting equality is never easy in rural-urban linkage promotion. Natural resources governance is among the areas which usually show us how difficult it is to promote rural-urban linkage for the hardships in power relations among the actors involved. As having long been noted, the issues of natural resources in Indonesia is contentious; leading to strong debate even conflict. Transparency and accountability often become big questions in natural resources governance, followed with hard deliberation between authorities, companies, and community contrary to the policy. These matters result in further problems of trust, equality, and representation, which further leads to difficulty in rural-urban linkage strengthening. As reflected from mining cases in Central Java and oil palm plantation in Central Kalimantan, we can see clearly how power relations between the pros (usually urban people represented by government apparatus and corporations) and cons (rural people; community) are usually lagging. Policy hardly counts the dissenting voices from the cons. Local authorities decide what is good and not for rural people dealing with natural resources issue. They promote economic development and poverty reduction through natural resources business, which is hardly proven. Natural resources policy is more often made one sided. Sometimes there is repression to suppress against a community that refuses the existence of corporations. This paper discusses challenges to the idea of rural-urban linkages from the experience of natural resources governance in Indonesia. From the cases we studied, we can learn that in order to promote linkage, and, further, equality between rural and urban areas, it is crucial to take into account deliberation, because urban entities are not supposed to make the rural people’s fate, just by exploiting and isolating them from decision making.