Academic literature on the topic 'Natural resources – Government policy – Sweden'
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Journal articles on the topic "Natural resources – Government policy – Sweden"
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Jazuli, Ahmad. "DINAMIKA HUKUM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DALAM RANGKA PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN." Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v4i2.19.
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<p>Konferensi Lingkungan Hidup Sedunia I yang diselenggarakan di Stockholm, Swedia pada bulan Juni 1972, mendorong Pemerintah Indonesia untuk berkomitmen mengarahkan pembangunan untuk mencapai peningkatan kesejahteraan berkelanjutan dan mewujudkan Indonesia yang asri dan lestari sesuai sasaran dan arah pembangunan Lingkungan Hidup yang digariskan dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang 2005-2025. Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengamanatkan bahwa pengelolaan sumberdaya alam harus berorientasi kepada konservasi sumberdaya alam untuk menjamin kelestarian dan keberlanjutan fungsi sumberdaya alam, dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang bercorak komprehensif dan terpadu. Namun dalam implementasinya terdapat beberapa fakta seperti masih rendahnya pemahaman akan pentingnya pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan hidup secara berkesinambungan, lemahnya penegakan hukum sehingga menyebabkan tekanan yang berlebihan terhadap fungsi lingkungan hidup, bahkan sampai mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup, masih tingginya tingkat pencemaran lingkungan hidup, serta kurang adanya keselarasan pengaturan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, serta antarsektor terkait. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis melalui pengkajian hukum doktrinal, maka disimpulkan bahwa permasalahan lingkungan hidup pada substansinya hanya terfokus pada “pengendalian lingkungan” dan dalam implementasinya di daerah cenderung bersifat administratif-kewilayahan dan berorientasi ekonomi. Oleh karena itu harus ada perubahan paradigma dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam agar supaya kebijakan keputusan yang diambil menggunakan perspektif jangka panjang dengan mengedepankan pembangunan yang berkelanjutansecara terintegral serta mempertimbangan aspek sosial masyarakat.</p><p>First World Environment Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden in June 1972, encourage the Indonesian Government to commit steering the development to achieve sustainable prosperity and creating a sustainable Indonesia as targetedby Environment outlined in the Long Term Development Plan 2005 -2025. Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 mandated that the management of natural resources should be oriented to the conservation of natural resources to ensure the preservation and sustainability of natural resources functions, using a comprehensive approach and unified patterned. However, in implementation, there are several facts such as lack of understanding of the importance of natural resource management and sustainable environment, weak of law enforcement causing excessive pressure on the environmental functions, even to the extent of environmental damage, the high level of environmental pollution, as well as lack of regulation’s harmony between central and local governments, as well as between sectors. With normative juridical approach and descriptive analysis through reviewing the doctrinal law, it is concluded that the environmental issues in substance only focused on “environmental control” and in its implementation in the region tend to be the administrative-territorial and economic oriented. Therefore there must be a paradigm changed in the management of natural resources so that policy making are used in a long-term perspective with promoting sustainable development and consideration of integrating the social aspects of society.</p>
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Sergeev, P. "Natural Resources' Policy of Sweden." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2001-4-81-88.
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Saeed, Sahrish, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum, Sofia Anwar, and Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen. "Climate Change Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Feedback Hypothesis: A Comparison of Lower-Middle, Upper-Middle, and High-Income Countries." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054145.
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Governments and policymakers are increasingly concerned about climate change. To cope with this inevitable issue, the SDGs-13 target underscores the importance of developing adaptation measures that reduce its adverse effects and ultimately safeguard both society and the environment. This issue is critical in developing countries, which are unable to counter climate-related risks because they lack adaptive capacity, suitable infrastructure, technology and, most importantly, human and physical capital. By contrast, resource-endowed developed countries have succeeded in integrating adaptative and protective policies into their developmental agenda using human power, technology, and especially investment. Keeping these facts in mind, this study is framed to examine the nexus between climate change, adaptation measures, and economic development across different income groups (lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income), using the Driscoll–Kraay (D/K) standard errors method for panel data from the period of 1995 to 2020. This study incorporates two indices (i.e., adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness) in the adaptation framework. The results demonstrate that developed countries such as Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the USA, and the UK are highly adaptive countries due to their readiness for adaptation. Developing countries with very low levels of readiness have a lower adaptive capacity and are, therefore, more vulnerable to climate change. Additionally, a non-causality test demonstrates that a one-way causality runs from readiness, ecological footprint, GDP, renewable energy, FDI, and natural resource investment to the adaptive capacity in all panels. The developed countries are less vulnerable to climate change because of their well-established economies, rich capital resources, good governance, and timely and effective readiness strategies. Adaptation readiness is a vital tool in capacity building for societal adaptation to minimize the effects of disasters on the living standard of communities.
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James, Alexander. "US State Fiscal Policy and Natural Resources." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20130211.
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An analytical framework predicts that, in response to an exogenous increase in resource-based government revenue, a benevolent government will partially substitute away from taxing income, increase spending and save. Fifty-one years of US-state level data are largely consistent with this theory. A baseline fixed effects model predicts that a $1.00 increase in resource revenue results in a $0.25 decrease in nonresource revenue, a $0.43 increase in spending and a $0.32 increase in savings. Instrumenting for resource revenue reveals that a positive revenue shock is largely saved and the rest is transferred back to residents in the form of lower nonresource tax rates. (JEL H71, H72, H76, Q38, R11)
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Rugebregt, Revency Vania, Abrar Saleng, and Farida Patittingi. "Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i1.219.
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Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.
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Rugebregt, Revency Vania, Abrar Saleng, and Farida Patittingi. "Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1n1.219.
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Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.
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Kim, Hee-Min. "A Spatial Analysis of Policy Stability in Western Democracies, I: A Society-Centered Model with Applications to Spain and Sweden." International Area Review 3, no. 1 (June 2000): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590000300104.
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In this article, I suggest a new typology for the stability of a political system, differentiating policy stability from government stability. I argue that it is when a system is policy-stable that we expect to see a stable and efficacious government. Even when a government change occurs, the policy preferences of the new government are likely to be similar to those of the previous one and we don't expect to see radical policy changes. I go on to show the conditions of policy stability by building a formal model of coalition formation among social groups, assuming a society is made up of social groups with distinctive policy preferences. I show political and social conditions under which stability is likely by studying power distributions among the social groups and the preferences they have over politically salient issues under which a certain set of policies can be stably implemented. In the first part of this article, the government is assumed to have no direct control over societal resources. In the second part, I examine an alternative model in which the government holds direct control over societal resources of its own. I apply the model developed here to the examples of Spain and Sweden throughout this article.
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Werner, Karolina. "Zambia: Governance and Natural Resources." Revue Gouvernance 13, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039239ar.
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This paper analyzes the natural resources governance framework in Zambia. The research is the result of a broader project on natural resource governance with interviews performed in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the paper is to identify the gaps and inconsistencies within the Zambian natural resource policy framework, in an effort to broaden the understanding of how governance of the sector may be streamlined and optimized. It further offers suggestions on how other sectors, such as education, may be central to the development of a more successful natural resource framework. The paper focuses on Zambia as a country with a long history of mining and a relatively stable political environment, yet one in which tensions between government and the private sector remain, and policies on natural resource extraction which have been particularly volatile in recent years.
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Akhmaddhian, Suwari, Erga Yuhandra, and Ressa Siti Nurhasanah. "The Government Policy in Realizing the Sustainability of Labeobarbus Douronensis "Dewa Fish"." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v8i2.3277.
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The present study aims to identify the regulations on the conservation of natural resources and their impact on community welfare. This study applied an empirical juridical approach. The primary and secondary data used in this study were collected through interviews, observation, and literature study. As results, it can be identified that fish conservation in Indonesia is regulated by various laws and regulations, including Law on Fisheries, Law on Environmental Protection and Management, Government Regulation on Conservation of Fishery Resources, Government Regulation on Fish Farming, Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry on Recognition and Protection of Local Wisdom in the Management of Natural Resources and Environment, Regional Regulation on Implementation of Tourism, Regional Regulation on Preservation of Local Culture, as well as Regional Regulation on Conservation of Birds and Fish which give the authority to Kuningan District Regional Government in the conservation of ‘god fish’. The conservation of ‘god fish’ based on local wisdom of ‘pamali’ is in the form of prohibition on damaging the spring in Cibulan Tourist Attraction and prohibition on disturbing ‘god fish’. To conclude with, the conservation of natural resources, especially ‘god fish’, through water-based tourism management has positive implications for community welfare.
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Rochmah, Sjahriati, and Tri Hayati. "Utilizing natural resources of geothermal for villagers welfare." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187403002.
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In National Energy Policy, Indonesia is determined to reduce the use of artifact energy, and continue to promote and increase the use of new renewable energy that is used by 23 percent for electricity and transportation in 2025. Bio-energy contributed to 10 percent, Geothermal contributed to 7 percent, Hydro contributed to 3 percent and other new renewable energy contributed to 3 percent. During this time, portfolio/energy mix target had not reached, as in 2015, only reach 5% and in 2016 reach 7 percent. To achieve the national energy resilience, government put geothermal as one of the supplies of pillar energy in the (National Medium-term Development Plan) RPJMN document. Beside government had promoted renewable energy as one of national strategy for instance to determine the energy policy and regulations for sustainable development but the result was not satisfied enough. The current article would explore the renewable energy governance in Indonesia that focused on the geothermal energy. The implementation of various policies, regulations, and programs should increase the awareness of the importance of renewable energy role in the sustainable development system. The transparency of fair governance and the participation of the stakeholders of development therefore it was a must.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural resources – Government policy – Sweden"
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Beland, Lindahl Karin. "Frame analysis, place perceptions and the politics of natural resource management : exploring a forest policy controversy in Sweden /." Uppsala : Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200860.pdf.
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Vogt, Kelli. "Geographic Information Systems at the Ohio Department of Natural Resources." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1187122828.
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Thellbro, Camilla. "Local natural resource dependency in a Swedish boreal municipality context /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10158700.pdf.
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Alawadhi, Salah A. "The role of institutional systems and government policy in securing inward foreign direct investment in Kuwait : the impact of institutional and government policy systems on the inward foreign direct investment decision in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6294.
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Promoting economic diversity is important for states reliant on natural resources as the major source of economic development. Many of these states suffer from the Dutch disease leading to negative effects, which hinders economic diversification. One of the ways to reduce dependency on national resources is to encourage Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, which aids diversification by the transfer of technology, the creation of new employment opportunities, and the adoption of modern management practices. The Gulf Council Cooperation (GCC) countries recognised the necessity and benefits of FDI as an aid to economic diversification; it seems, however, that Kuwait is lagging behind in this endeavour. The government of Kuwait has engaged in a series of policy measures to induce Multinational Companies (MNCs) to invest in Kuwait, but the results, thus far, have been disappointing. The formal and informal institutions interact in a variety of ways. However, ineffective formal rules can create different outcomes; particularly, in the presence of strong informal institutions. In such a case, formal rules and procedures are not enforced systematically, that is, enabling actors who are involved in the policy process to ignore or violate them, which subsequently results in a failure to attract inward FDI to a host country. Thus, this study investigates the reasons behind this failure by examining the role of formal and informal institutions on FDI policy and on decisions on whether to grant FDI licences by means of using a New Institutional Economics (NIE) approach. The conceptual framework is used as a guide for an inquiry into the subject of study by constructing a category of intellectual scaffolding, which would provide a coherent structure (Schlager, 2007). The conceptual framework in this study systematically organises the investigation into how a MNC examines a potential investment location by dividing the host country assessments into four distinct 'stages'. When systematically conducted, the respective approach is grounded in the existing literature, which provides theories regarding the behaviour of MNCs in relation to their decision-making processes for considering locations for their FDI projects. The research questions derived from the conceptual framework are answered using a mixed methods research approach that uses three sets of data survey, semi-structured interviews, and secondary data. Firstly, the findings show that almost that all MNCs in the Gulf region have a limited awareness regarding investment opportunities in Kuwait, FDI laws and regulations. Secondly, the findings reveal a number of attractive and unattractive locations, and institutional factors of Kuwait. Finally, it is discovered that the high rejection rate of FDI applications is linked to unsuccessful policy implementation, which is a result of interaction of both formal and informal institutions in Kuwait. Subsequently, the results are utilised to make a number of recommendations for government policy makers, administrators, and for MNCs regarding how to improve FDI inflows into Kuwait. The results are also used to contribute towards the international business literature concerning the institution based view of FDI, and for government policy connected to attracting FDI.
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Sandström, Emil. "Reinventing the commons : exploring the emergence of local natural resource management arrangements /." Uppsala : Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200848.pdf.
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Amatya, Pradyumna. "Institutional change and intervention outcome: comparing assistance schemes for farmer managedirrigation systems in Nepal." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/b29987337.
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Zimmerman, Austin. "Sustainability-Efficiency Paradox: The Efficacy of State Energy Plans in Building a More Sustainable Energy Future." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/88.
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State energy plans are created at the request of a sitting governor or State Legislature in order to provide guidance set goals for the state’s energy sector. These plans will be critical indicators of energy trends such as the future market share of coal, natural gas, and renewables. If the future of energy in the United States is to be remotely sustainable, low-carbon policies must headline state plans. The strength of a state’s energy plan in terms of sustainability is directly related to that state’s willingness to prioritize and commit to incorporating energy sources that produce negligible carbon emissions. Questions about the role of efficiency can be answered by the political need for short-run payoffs that do not necessarily align with the long-term goals of sustainability (Kern & Smith, 2008). The nature of the American political system is that representatives want to be able to bring immediate results to their constituents, results that are usually shown in the short-run by efficiency programs. While the state energy plans in question (California, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Iowa, South Carolina, and Virginia) engage with sustainability at varying levels of strength, they deal mostly in weak sustainability by failing to commit to renewables. Historical reliance on energy efficiency and its accompanying theories of growth has created a climate in which state energy plans do not generally realize their enormous potential to lead the national transition away from fossil fuels.
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Payne, Raymond W. "Natural resource development and the role of the state : the case of hydroelectric power planning in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27508.
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This thesis explores the role played by the state at the provincial level in the planning of hydro-electric power development in British Columbia. The electric power industry has been a primary focus for government intervention in the economic affairs of most western industrialized countries. Not only has the structure and scope of the state's regulatory activity in the industry been more extensive than most others, but governments have often gone beyond such regulatory supervision to assume a more direct role in the production of the commodity itself.
In British Columbia, however, the direct entrepreneurial role played by successive provincial governments led to major planning failures. Serious social and environmental costs were ignored in development decisions, economically dubious projects were constructed, and the electric power system as a whole was seriously overbuilt.
This thesis argues that the problems associated with state-directed hydro-electric power development were institutional rather than technical in nature. Two types of institutional factors are shown to have played a key role. First, the scope of power planning has been limited by the role played by the provincial state in the broader political economy of British Columbia. This role has been basically non-interventionist in nature, with the exceptional interventions in economic affairs being associated with the removal of barriers to the private exploitation of the natural resource base. This broad economic role has conflicted with the state's central position as arbiter among opposing societal interests and has biased subsequent government planning activities toward facilitating the supply of electric power rather than evaluating the demand for it. Second, rigidities within the institutions employed by the state to undertake power planning activities inhibited the adaptation of these activities to a changing economic environment. Organized structures were created to implement particular power policy initiatives, and these organizations developed their own set of interests and priorities. Hence, a bias against the re-evaluation of previous policy and planning approaches was created, even in the face of clear evidence of their failings.
In Chapter 2, the conceptual and theoretical groundwork for the study is laid with an examination of four alternative approaches to the economic role of the state in western capitalist societies. The key questions explored are the rationale for state intervention, the choice of policy instruments employed, and the effectiveness of these instruments in undertaking
goal oriented planning.
In Chapter 3, the stage for the analysis of power policy is set with an overview of the economic context of electric power production in British Columbia. This chapter establishes the staple-based nature of the B.C. economy and analyses the changing role played by electric power in this economy.
Chapters 4 through 8 detail the historical evolution of power planning and policy in British Columbia. Chapter 4 documents the predominantly laissez-faire approach to power policy during the pre-World War II period and the gradual emergence of demands for a more active regulatory role by government.
Chapter 5 documents both the implementation of electric power regulation during the 1950s and the emerging policy preoccupation with underwriting the development of British Columbia's large-scale hydro resources. The chapter focuses on the links between this overall role, the creation of a dominant Crown corporation in the power industry, the decision to undertake an economically dubious sequence of hydro development, and the lack of attention given to environmental issues.
In Chapter 6, the focus is on the use of the Crown hydro corporation as an economic policy instrument during the 1960s. The preoccupation with initiating large-scale hydro developments shifted to a concern with producing power at the lowest possible direct cost to the consumer.
Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the shift from power policy to power planning. From the late 1960s through the 1970s, policy making at the provincial level was largely replaced by an institutionalized, formally rational decision making process dominated by technical experts. This shift, by creating a powerful set of established interests within the provincial power utility, gave added momentum to the expansionary power policies of the 1950s and '60s during a period when their underlying justification was being increasingly questioned. Finally, Chapter 8 concludes by examining the re-assertion of regulatory control by the provincial state over the now publicly-owned power industry.
The conclusion summarizes and interprets the evidence presented in Chapters 4 through 8 in light of the theoretical concepts introduced in Chapter 2. The central problem of state involvement in the electric power industry is shown to be the representativeness and adaptability of policy and planning institutions. A number of recommendations are made to overcome the deficiencies identified in the study.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Emadi, Mohammad H., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Pastoralists, participation and policy : an action oriented, systemic and participatory approach to improve the relationships between pastoralist nomads, government and natural resources in Iran." THESIS_FAH_ARD_Emadi_M.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/301.
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The study focuses on the relationships between nomads, the government and the natural resource base of Iran as a problematical situation. The research approach adopted was action-oriented with an emphasis on the process of development through the integration of theory with practice in a critical learning system designed to improve the situation and emphasising the significance of systemic thinking and acting.The underlying rationale for the approach is that the relatively limited achievements in nomadic development and natural conservation to date stem from the fact that policies are: (a) based on a reductionist view point and analysis, which separates theory from practice, and neglects the diversity, complexity and recursiveness of the different dimensions of nomadic life; and (b) developed on the basis of government perceptions of the nature of the issues confronting nomads rather than on the basis of shared concerns with the nomads themselves. There were three phases of fieldwork which, when taken together, represent what might be termed a system of systemic research methodologies. The first phase of the fieldwork was an attempt to explore the problematic situation from the point of view of particular group of nomads and government agents. The second phase of research turned to an action-oriented approach to establish the process of conversation and mutual recognition and accommodation of change among ‘clients’ and the researcher as facilitator to help each group of participants (nomads and government) to understand their own position and worldviews, to help each group of participants to recognise and appreciate differences in their positions, perceptions, and to establish a framework for action and improving the situation within each group could benefit in a reciprocal manner. The third phase of research focused on the learning organisation as a strategy to improve relationships. The recursive nature of the research, both in terms of relationship between theory and practice and also its three phases, is reflected in the structure of the thesis.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Emadi, Mohammad H. "Pastoralists, participation and policy : an action oriented, systemic and participatory approach to improve the relationships between pastoralist nomads, government and natural resources in Iran." Thesis, View thesis View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/301.
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The study focuses on the relationships between nomads, the government and the natural resource base of Iran as a problematical situation. The research approach adopted was action-oriented with an emphasis on the process of development through the integration of theory with practice in a critical learning system designed to improve the situation and emphasising the significance of systemic thinking and acting.The underlying rationale for the approach is that the relatively limited achievements in nomadic development and natural conservation to date stem from the fact that policies are: (a) based on a reductionist view point and analysis, which separates theory from practice, and neglects the diversity, complexity and recursiveness of the different dimensions of nomadic life; and (b) developed on the basis of government perceptions of the nature of the issues confronting nomads rather than on the basis of shared concerns with the nomads themselves. There were three phases of fieldwork which, when taken together, represent what might be termed a system of systemic research methodologies. The first phase of the fieldwork was an attempt to explore the problematic situation from the point of view of particular group of nomads and government agents. The second phase of research turned to an action-oriented approach to establish the process of conversation and mutual recognition and accommodation of change among ‘clients’ and the researcher as facilitator to help each group of participants (nomads and government) to understand their own position and worldviews, to help each group of participants to recognise and appreciate differences in their positions, perceptions, and to establish a framework for action and improving the situation within each group could benefit in a reciprocal manner. The third phase of research focused on the learning organisation as a strategy to improve relationships. The recursive nature of the research, both in terms of relationship between theory and practice and also its three phases, is reflected in the structure of the thesis.
Books on the topic "Natural resources – Government policy – Sweden"
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Natural resources management issues. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.
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Jerry, Holechek, ed. Natural resources: Ecology, economics, and policy. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003.
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Anderson, F. J. Natural resources and economic performance. Kingston, Ont: Queen's University, School of Public Policy, 1993.
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Qiu, Tian. Natural resources: Present and future. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2007.
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Rees, Judith A. Natural resources: Allocation, economics, and policy. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1990.
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Natural resources: Allocation, economics, and policy. London: Methuen, 1985.
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Natural resources: Technology, economics and policy. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.
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Salkin, Patricia E. Protection of rural character and natural resources. [Albany, N.Y.?]: Government Law Center, Albany Law School, Union University, 1990.
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Program, Guam Coastal Management, ed. Natural resources strategy 2012: Guam buildup. Guam: Sablan Environmental, 2008.
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Program, Guam Coastal Management, ed. Natural resources strategy 2012: Guam buildup. Guam: Sablan Environmental, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Natural resources – Government policy – Sweden"
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Jonek-Kowalska, Izabela, Radosław Wolniak, Oksana A. Marinina, and Tatyana V. Ponomarenko. "Government policy in the field of natural resources and energy policy." In Stakeholders, Sustainable Development Policies and the Coal Mining Industry, 165–79. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091110-13.
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Westin, Lars. "Establishing Urbanity in a Region Abundant with Natural Resources: The Case of Umeå, Sweden." In Firms’ Location Selections and Regional Policy in the Global Economy, 203–21. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55366-3_12.
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Chernenko, Albert K. "Problems of Legal Regulation of Local Self-Government and of Using Natural Resources." In Management, Technology and Human Resources Policy in the Arctic (The North), 113–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0249-7_12.
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Ramadhan, Ramli, Soetrisno Karim, Micah R. Fisher, Harsanto Mursyid, and Mochamad Indrawan. "Assessing the Governance Modes of Indonesia’s Forest Management Unit." In Environment & Policy, 151–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_9.
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AbstractDiscussions about forestry governance systems in Indonesia have always been an important area of policy and practice given the sector’s outsized role in natural resources management. In recent years, the forest management system has been intimately linked to the concept of a Forest Management Unit (FMU), which was established to conduct scientifically sound forest management practices. FMUs were created in response to the historical failures of rule-based forest management and privatization, which resulted in the emergence of the notion of professional forestry. However, forest governance systems are once again changing as a result of the aftermath of Indonesia’s Job Creation Act (a.k.a. Omnibus Law) and its derivative regulations. In this chapter, we apply a governance approach for assessing anticipated changes in the forestry sector. We understand governance as a process operationalized by actors, powers, and rules. Accordingly, we applied the lens of four governance modes in our analysis, which includes hierarchical governance, closed co-governance, open co-governance, and self-governance. FMUs assist the central government as a facilitating institution and provide a window into understanding ongoing forestry changes. Policy changes indicate that nongovernment actors are gaining increased access to permit-based forest use, thus potentially replacing the envisioned role of FMUs as key actors at the site level. Nevertheless, although forest use is increasingly being entrusted to nongovernment actors, governance will remain hierarchical, wherein the central government serves as the dominant actor enacting regulatory mechanisms and guiding actor interactions and participation. As a result, we show that previous modes of forestry sector governance are likely to endure and deepen in the post-Omnibus era.
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Akanle, Olayinka, and Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale. "Contemporary Issues in Public Policy." In Public Policy and Research in Africa, 123–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99724-3_6.
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AbstractThis chapter begins by examining the debates around policy paradigms in the study of the changing context of public policy making and policy change. It recognizes that policy ideas are embedded in policy paradigms and that these paradigms form the basis for framing, articulating and implementing public policy. It examines such concepts as pluralism, internationalization and globalization, and polycentricism in the study of public policy. Furthermore, it examines the changing focus and locus of policy discussing such issues as the state versus market, the growing complexity and scale of government and the special concerns of Africans relating to the debate around the issues. Based on the above theoretical debates, certain issues and the competing tools for addressing them are identified for closer scrutiny. These contextual issues include the economic issues in public policy; health issues and public policy; security issues and public policy; the environment and natural resources policy issues; governance and policy issues; and exclusion, vulnerability and public policy. The chapter concludes by drawing out the implications of policy paradigms on policy change and policy performance.
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Loudyi, Dalila, Moulay Driss Hasnaoui, and Ahmed Fekri. "Flood Risk Management Practices in Morocco: Facts and Challenges." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 35–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_2.
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AbstractFrom ancient flood management practices driven by agricultural activities to dam’s policy for water resources management including flood protection, to the National Strategy for Natural Disaster Risk Integrated Management; Morocco has come a long way in flood risk management. This chapter describes the recurrent flooding phenomenon plaguing the country along with progress in flood risk assessment approaches in terms of technique, governance, and best practices. An extensive number of research articles, administrative documents, consultancy, and international organizations reports are analyzed to give a holistic up-to-date insight into flood risk management in Morocco and present a comprehensive and critical view from a scientific perspective. Information and data were collected from a range of various sources and synthesized to integrate all scientific and governance aspects. Though analysis of this landscape shows progresses made by the Government to protect the population and reduce flood risk, it also shows shortcomings and challenges still to be overcome. Thus, a SWOT analysis was carried out for scoping and identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats pertaining to this issue. The analysis reveals various success and failure factors related to three major components: governance, risk assessment approaches, and flood risk mitigation measures sustainability.
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Giambartolomei, Gloria, Alex Franklin, and Jana Fried. "Supporting Institutional Transformations: Experimenting with Reflexive and Embodied Cross-Boundary Research." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 493–525. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_16.
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AbstractThe sustainable management of natural resources (SMNR) is concerned with socially and environmentally just decision-making processes around the access to, and the control over, natural resources. However, SMNR is imbued of multiple (and conflictual) intersecting knowledges, practice, expertise and value systems, as well as unequal power relations. This makes achieving meaningful and inclusive collaborative practices far from straightforward, and by no means easy to guarantee. This chapter discusses some evidence from Wales, drawing from a wider cross-boundary doctoral research project (led by the first author) on collaborative forms of SMNR, co-developed by a small transdisciplinary team of academics (the two co-authors) and (cross-divisional) civil servants within Welsh Government. Specifically, this chapter discusses the first author’s experience of transdisciplinary collaboration through the methodological lens provided by blending the Formative Accompanying Research (Freeth, R. (2019). Formative Accompanying Research with Collaborative Interdisciplinary Teams. Doctoral Thesis.) and the Embodied Researcher approach (Horlings et al., 2020). We offer a critical reflection on the first-hand experience of co-experimenting alongside policy actors with alternative and more creative ways of working in the spaces in between the written publication and implementation of SMNR legislation and policy.We explore the role of creative methods such as Theory U (Scharmer, 2018) in further promoting collaborative processes of meaning-making in transdisciplinary research settings, highlighting their contribution towards enabling emotional and embodied ways of working to be forefronted. In so doing, the chapter illustrates the role of emotional labour, vulnerability and energy in such co-experimental work by emphasizing the need for the practicing of care in building relationships of trust and collaboration, especially within the context of just sustainability transformations. We conclude by stressing the importance of dedicating sufficient time and resources to enable a culture of care (Bellacasa, 2017; Tronto, 2013) such that embodied and collaborative ways of working can be more fully supported and understood within governmental institutions.
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"7 Iron ore mine of Kiruna, Sweden – A case study." In Natural Resources - Technology, Economics & Policy, 319–20. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11827-34.
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Senapati, Sibananda, and Vijaya Gupta. "Vulnerability to Climate Change." In Natural Resources Management, 1393–416. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch066.
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This paper is based on a detail review of literature available in the area of climate change, vulnerability and impact assessment. Methodological issues pertaining to vulnerability like; development of vulnerability indicators, process of indicator selection etc are the main focus in this paper. As discussed indicators are more acceptable, easy to understand and help in comparing across regions. However, indicators also possess a number of limitations. There are issues in selecting indicators and how to aggregate their values. The current study tries to overcome those issues through a primary study. The study region is Mumbai, India and ‘Koli' fishing communities reside in the city. The socio-economic implications of climate change and vulnerability of communities depending on fishery are estimated by developing vulnerability indicators using Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Further experts opinions are considered while selecting indicators. Vulnerability indicators are derived from literature and validated through experts' opinion. Experts are chosen from higher learning institutes in the city. In the climate change literature vulnerability mainly divided into exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The indicators of sensitivity and exposure under vulnerability are combined here and categorized into two: livelihood and perceived changes. Similarly the indicators of adaptive capacity are of five categories comprising human, physical, financial, social and government policy related indicators. Thus a total 30 indicators are selected. Among five fishing villages surveyed, fishermen from Madh and Worli are found more vulnerable because of their high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity. The derived vulnerability scores are further compared and analyzed against the scores derived from experts. The overall result shows the experts value of indicators are similar with the indicator score derived in the study using simple aggregate method. This study further provides policy implications for reducing vulnerability of fishing villages.
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Márquez, José Juan González. "The New Nationalism of the Mexican Energy Policy in a Turbulent International Context." In Resilience in Energy, Infrastructure, and Natural Resources Law, 159—C11.P91. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864574.003.0011.
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Abstract This chapter analyses the new Mexican Energy Transition boosted by the government of the so-called Fourth Transformation of the National Public Life (4th Transformation), which took the chair in 2018. The research evaluates both the return to the state monopoly over the energy sector cancelled by the constitutional reform of 2013 and those governmental actions aimed at discouraging investment in clean energies. In light of that evaluation, the survey discusses the implications of this new transition in Mexico’s international commitments regarding opening the energy sector, clean energies, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. In the same vein, the chapter assesses the impacts of the international context on the objectives of the 4th Transformation’s energy policy. In particular, it inquires about how the international Pandemic of COVID-19 influences the new Mexican Energy Policy.
Conference papers on the topic "Natural resources – Government policy – Sweden"
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Çevik, Savaş, Ahmet Ay, and Mahamane Moutari Abdou Baoua. "Natural Resources Revenue, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02005.
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The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between natural resources revenue, fiscal policy and economic growth for 35 selected Sub-Saharan African countries. The panel data covering the periods of 1986-2014 was analyzed by using the fixed/random effect model estimation and the panel causality test. We also performed the panel unit root test in order to insure that our variables are stationary. The empirical results indicate that there is insignificant negative effect of natural resources revenue and bad fiscal policy on the economic growth. However, there is significant positive effect of capital formation on economic growth. We also found a bidirectional causality relationship between Natural resources rents and economic growth. There is also unidirectional causality link from government final consumption expenditure to Natural resources revenue and from Natural resources revenue to capital formation. These empirical results mean that Sub-Saharan African countries apply bad fiscal policy to improve the natural resource sector which does not efficiently contribute to the economic growth. This study suggests that countries of Sub-Saharan Africa must apply improved fiscal policy in order to add tax revenue to their total revenue; and they must also use the natural resources revenue in order to invest in other sectors such as education, manufacturing and agriculture.
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İsmayilov, Ramin. "Integration Processes of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the World Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02435.
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The article deals with the economic development characteristics of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the natural resources and production of Azerbaijan. After the independence, the policy of the new market economy followed by the Azerbaijani state and government and plans of how the developed countries will integrate their economic practice will be examined. With the new investments in the country and the introduction of the products to be produced in the world markets, the steps and plans to strengthen the economic relations with the world will be discussed. The role of Azerbaijan in the world economy, its foreign-economic relations with other states and continents were analyzed extensively. Proposals have been made to further develop and upgrade existing economic relations.
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Cook, Mike. "How can the construction industry serve the needs of a society threatened by climate change?" In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0025.
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<p>Construction serves the needs of society with infrastructure that provides safe and healthy places in which to live, work, learn and play, with transport that serves trade and leisure, and with industries that drive our economic prosperity. Yet in serving important societal needs, construction has also been a major contributor to the degradation of the planet’s natural resources and acceleration of climate change. These harmful impacts are now threatening human prosperity and safety. The Henderson Colloquium, organised by IABSE UK in September 2020, asked key players across multiple sectors of the construction industry this question: How can the construction industry serve the future needs of a society threatened by climate change? The discussions revealed the need for deep-seated change across all elements of the industry including our business models, our professional institutions, education, and government policy. These outcomes are being shared in this paper to stimulate thinking in a wider, international forum of construction professionals.</p>
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Weimann, Jacob, Matthew Schmidt, Arthur Bergles, and Marc Compere. "Representing the Water-Energy Nexus With Decision Matrices." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36918.
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The global water nexus is still in the formative stages as a area of study. The needs are mostly clear: people need adequate water for drinking, for growing food, for cooling steam-based power plants, and for sustaining the natural habitats that keep the carbon and hydrologic cycles functioning properly. What has emerged is a growing awareness of how finite the earth’s water resources are and how this creates a complex set of interconnected challenges in both developed and developing nations. What has also emerged are predictions with increasing urgency for water and energy crises in the next 20–50 years, especially if these concerns are left unaddressed. The Water-Nexus is not new, but its emerging importance now is driven primarily by population growth, climate change, and our growing awareness of societal impact on ecosystems. Providing energy for buildings, homes, and transportation is an increasingly difficult task for the growing population and aging infrastructure. Most individual issues within the Water-Energy Nexus are fairly well known with quantifiable water impacts. What is lacking is a clear representation of the Nexus relationships that show how changes in one sector impact another. What is needed is a compact way to represent the interrelationships that provide both insight and perspective on how much influence one proposed change has compared to another. Such an understanding should surface the most strategic, viable methods for simultaneously meeting water and energy needs while being a good steward of finances and natural resources. We propose the use of decision matrices from engineering design to represent the interconnected relationships that form the Water-Energy Nexus. The customers in this case are water-centric stakeholders such as government and corporate decision makers, educators, and water-oriented development agencies. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are used to integrate the nexus topics into the decision matrix. Both positive and negative correlations in water impacts are indicated with their relative level of influence. Common units are used when possible to quantify water consumption or savings. Decision matrices are presented for transportation fuels and utility power generation. The transportation fuels matrix includes evaluation criteria for water impact, sustainability, convenience, emissions, public opinion, and geographic considerations. The utility power decision matrix has similar evaluation criteria except capacity factor is considered instead of convenience. These criteria are intended to aid policy makers in strategically navigating the legislative and policy generation process to emphasize or reduce emphasis on different fuel types. Recommendations are provided for strategic, viable methods to mitigate future effects of the Water-Energy crisis.
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Zelmer, R. L., and G. G. Case. "Third Update on Environmental Remediation of Historic LLR Waste Sites in Canada (1997-2003)." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4847.
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Canada’s Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office (LLRWMO) continues to make significant progress toward the remediation of orphan sites contaminated with historic Low Level Radioactive (LLR) waste. Since its establishment in 1982, the LLRWMO, which is operated by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, has acted as the agent of the federal government in this area, taking policy and priority direction from the federal department of Natural Resources Canada. The LLRWMO has investigated and decontaminated structures and properties at many sites across the country. It has removed contaminated soil, debris and radioactive artifacts to interim storage or interim, in situ containment. It has worked with communities and regulatory agencies to develop locally acceptable waste management solutions for the short- and long-term. This paper provides an update on the progress of environmental remediation programs and projects of the LLRWMO made since the last reporting at the Sixth ICEM Conference in Singapore in 1997. Emphasis is placed upon the areas of sustained interim waste management and community problem solving in this period. In addition, comment is provided on the future of the program. On behalf of the federal government, the LLRWMO was appointed in 2000 July to act as the proponent for the Port Hope Area Initiative (PHAI), a ten-year $260 M undertaking that will see historic LLR wastes currently found in various community locations consolidated into safe, long-term management facilities, yielding environmental benefits for present and future generations. This activity is breaking new ground in the implementation of community recommended solutions and signals the way forward in Canada’s historic waste program.
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Betiku, Adedola, and Bassey Okon Bassey. "Exploring the Barriers to Implementation of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage in Nigeria." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22387-ms.
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Abstract The global economy has increased CCUS technology development programmes to attain its commercial deployment, which is expected to be beneficial for developing countries such as Nigeria. This paper aims to examine the barriers to CCUS implementation in Nigeria by investigating the differences between global CCUS and Nigerian status, evaluating the perspectives of industry and government practitioners on the economic barriers to CCUS implementation, and identifying policy and industry strategies to deepen the adoption of CCUS. Study participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique to explore the opinions of personnel working in three oil-related agencies: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Ministry of Petroleum Resources and Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas. Information collected from existing literature and related reports on CCUS were critically analysed, whereas data from semi-structured interviews were generated by audio-recording of participants’ responses. These responses were transcribed from audio recordings for each participant and quality controlled by ensuring that transcripts matched the respective responses. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis, exploring the research theme using both theory and practice. The theoretical framework utilised PESTEL and SWOT analyses to evaluate the macro environment and the internal and external environment of CCUS implementation in Nigeria. PESTEL analysis showed that CCUS implementation in Nigeria is driven by various regulatory and policy frameworks, lack of adequate capital, public acceptance and infrastructure. Similarly, the SWOT analysis showed that Nigeria has enough coal reserves that could serve as a potential for CCUS implementation. However, Nigeria’s weaknesses include lack of expertise in CCUS technology, inadequate capital for CCUS investment and policy summersaults by successive governments. Nigeria should thus consider the introduction of subsidies to mitigate various barriers and challenges that hinder CCUS implementation, e.g., low tax rate for enterprises involved in CCUS implementation. There is also urgent need to improve funding of CCUS implementation through foreign direct investment or by the equity market. Furthermore, the importance for an enhanced technology to deepen the adoption of CCUS in Nigeria can not be overemphasized as the world moves towards decarbonisation and Net Zero.
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Tamarin, Cindy Claudia, Neneng Nurlaela Arief, and Agnesia Candra Sulyani. "PROPOSED MARKETING STRATEGY FOR TOURISM USING VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) DURING COVID-19 (STUDY CASE: LABUAN BAJO)." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.045.
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One of the factors in the development of culture and natural resources in Indonesia is the tourism sector. This is sought to help improve and improve the community’s economy by opening employment opportunities and developing areas that have the potential as tourism hotspots, one of which is the Komodo National Park in Labuan Bajo. However, due to the outbreak of the SARS- COVID-19 virus, the government came up with a policy to stop economic activity in the tourism sector to prevent the spread of the virus by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). This paper aims to propose a tourism marketing strategy during the COVID-19 period by using Virtual Reality (VR) technology as a market research requirement for the TelkomGroup. This paper used a mix of methods to collect and test the data to prove the hypothesis including an External Analysis (PESTEL and Consumer Analysis) and Internal Analysis (STP or Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning and 4P Marketing Mix). The formulation of the business strategy used in this study was the Lean Canvas Business Model. Qualitative data was obtained from quantitative data analysis, which was in turn obtained by conducting interviews and collecting data surveys from a total of 360 respondents. The research resulted in a proposed marketing strategy for tourism for the COVID -19 period and beyond in the form of an STP and marketing mix, as well as its implementation through the introduction of VR. Therefore, by providing this recommendation, it is hoped that it can be a point of reference to promote and increase the interest of tourists again to support the “Pesona Indonesia” programme.
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Oni, Babatunde. "Addressing the Socio-Economic Concerns of the Niger Delta Host Communities Through Local Content Policy; the Impact of Nigerias Local Participation Policy on Her Investment Climate." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207210-ms.
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Abstract Objective and scope This paper aims to establish that proper resource management and governance within the Nigerian oil and gas industry, more specifically, her local participation policy, which focuses on adequately addressing the social and economic concerns of the host communities in oil producing regions of Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta, will ultimately lead to more secure and sustainable economic development and a more attractive investment climate for Nigeria. Methods Procedure, process This research study will employ an analytical approach, more specifically qualitative analysis, in analyzing the interplay between the various factors which have birthed low oil and gas productivity in the Niger delta region of Nigeria and how proper application of Nigeria's local participation policy can influence the circumstances and yield positive result. The research study will rely heavily on available literature and legislative enactments, as well as available case law on the issues concerned. The primary sources in the collection of materials for this paper will comprise of journals, books, and articles which address the relevant research questions guiding the scope of this paper. Results, Observation, conclusion Nigeria's local content policy, just like many other governmental policies in Nigeria, has been criticized as being vulnerable to corruption as a result of the manifest lack of transparency in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, and local content has already been labelled as a potential victim of capture as a result of this dearth in transparency. It is imperative that the broad discretionary powers granted to the local content monitoring board, and the minister of petroleum by the provisions of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, be utilized in a manner devoid of parochial ethnic sentiments or political interest, in order for Nigeria to properly take advantage of the economic development benefits provided by the proper implementation of local content policy. The long term benefits of local content policy such as technology transfer, long term fiscal incentives, and the growth of local commerce and industry, will go a long way in setting Nigeria on a plain path to sustainable economic growth and better resource management. It is important that the Nigerian government play its role in driving local content policy by facilitating Nigerian enterprises to take active part in the local content programs, as well as keep tabs and monitor the effectiveness of local content policy in achieving its targets. New or additive information to the industry Proper implementation of Local Content policy in Nigeria will be beneficial, not just for the host communities but for the rest of the country, as well as for all investors in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, by providing thousands of employment opportunities for the locals, as well as providing a much needed technology transfer which will result in a structural transformation of not just the local manufacturing industries in Nigeria but the entire Nigerian oil and gas industry as well; thus addressing a major aspect of the social and economic concerns of the local people, and also giving Nigeria's economy a much needed boost towards achieving sustainable development in her natural resources sector.
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Metcalfe, Douglas, Pui Wai Yuen, Dave McCauley, Sheila Brooks, Joan Miller, and Michael Stephens. "Implementation and Ongoing Development of a Comprehensive Program to Deal With Canada’s Nuclear Legacy Liabilities." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16039.
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Nuclear legacy liabilities have resulted from 60 years of nuclear research and development carried out on behalf of Canada by the National Research Council (1944 to 1952) and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL, 1952 to present). These liabilities are located at AECL research and prototype reactor sites, and consist of shutdown reactors, research facilities and associated infrastructure, a wide variety of buried and stored waste, and contaminated lands. In 2006, the Government of Canada adopted a new long-term strategy to deal with the nuclear legacy liabilities and initiated a five-year, $520 million (Canadian dollars) start-up phase, thereby creating the Nuclear Legacy Liabilities Program (NLLP). The objective of the long-term strategy is to safely and cost-effectively reduce risks and liabilities based on sound waste management and environmental principles in the best interests of Canadians. The five-year plan is directed at addressing health, safety and environmental priorities, accelerating the decontamination and demolition of shutdown buildings, and laying the groundwork for future phases of the strategy. It also includes public consultation to inform the further development of the strategy and provides for continued care and maintenance activities at the sites. The NLLP is being implemented through a Memorandum of Understanding between Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and AECL whereby NRCan is responsible for policy direction and oversight, including control of funding, and AECL is responsible for carrying out the work and holding and administering all licences, facilities and lands. The paper summarizes achievements during the first three years of program implementation in the areas of decommissioning and dismantling; waste recovery and environmental restoration; the construction of enabling facilities to analyze, handle and store the legacy waste; and, planning for the long-term management of the radioactive waste.
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Pribyl, Barbara, Satinder Purewal, and Harikrishnan Tulsidas. "Development of the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines PRSG – A Petroleum Classification System for the Energy Transition." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205847-ms.
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Abstract The Petroleum Working Group (PWG) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has developed the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines (PRSG) to facilitate the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) for evaluating and classifying petroleum projects. The UNFC was developed by the Expert Group on Resource Management (EGRM) and covers all resource sectors such as minerals, petroleum, renewable energy, nuclear resources, injection projects, anthropogenic resources and groundwater. It has a unique three- dimensional structure to describe environmental, social and economic viability (E-axis), technical feasibility and maturity (F-axis) and degree of confidence in the resource estimates (G-axis). The UNFC is fully aligned to holistic and sustainable resource management called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). UNFC can be used by governments for integrated energy planning, companies for developing business models and the investors in decision making. Internationally, all classification systems and their application continue to evolve to incorporate the latest technical understanding and usage and societal, government and regulatory expectations. The PRSG incorporates key elements from current global petroleum classification systems. Furthermore, it provides a forward-thinking approach to including aspects of integrity and ethics. It expands on the unique differentiator of the UNFC to integrate social and environmental issues in the project evaluation. Several case studies have been carried out (in China, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, and Uganda) using UNFC. Specifically, PRSG assists in identifying critical social and environmental issues to support their resolution and development sustainably. These issues may be unique to the country, location and projects and mapped using a risk matrix. This may support the development of a road map to resolve potential impediments to project sanction. The release of the PRSG comes at a time of global economic volatility on a national and international level due to the ongoing impact and management of COVID-19, petroleum supply and demand uncertainty and competing national and international interests. Sustainable energy is not only required for industries but for all other social development. It is essential for private sector development, productive capacity building and expansion of trade. It has strong linkages to climate action, health, education, water, food security and woman empowerment. Moreover, enduring complex system considerations in balancing the energy trilemma of reliable supply, affordability, equity, and social and environmental responsibility remain. These overarching conditions make it even more essential to ensure projects are evaluated in a competent, ethical and transparent manner. While considering all the risks, it is also critical to reinforce the positive contribution a natural resource utilization project provides to society. Such an inquiry can focus on how the project contributes to the quality of life, environment, and the economy – the people, planet, and prosperity triad. Such an approach allows consistent, robust and sustainable investment decision making and energy policy development.
Reports on the topic "Natural resources – Government policy – Sweden"
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Fujita, Ayaji, Jigme Lhendup, and Sangay Thinley. Promoting Entrepreneurship in Bhutan. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/usda5186.
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Although Bhutan made significant economic strides since 2000, there were still obstacles to overcome. The country’s dependence on hydropower and tourism made its economy vulnerable to climate change and the effects of COVID-19. As the rate of educational attainment increased and more people sought employment in the public sector, youth unemployment became a serious problem. To diversify its revenue sources, create more jobs, reduce poverty, and improve the welfare of its people, Bhutan introduced policies to support its cottage and small industries (CSIs). Based on the 2019 CSI Policy and the 2019–2023 CSI Action Plan, we describe the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in the renewable and natural resources sector and draw on the perspectives of government officials.
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.
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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.
Full textAbstract:
Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.