Journal articles on the topic 'Natural resources – Government policy – Norway'
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1
Onifade, Temitope Tunbi. "Regulating Natural Resource Funds: Alaska Heritage Trust Fund, Alberta Permanent Fund, and Government Pension Fund of Norway." Global Journal of Comparative Law 6, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 138–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00602002.
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The paper is a comparative regulatory analysis of the Alaska Heritage Trust Fund, the Alberta Permanent Fund, and the Government Pension Fund of Norway, as developed country natural resource fund (nrf) models. Its objective is to examine how nrfs are regulated. To achieve this objective, it explores and compares the socio-political contexts and regulatory features of the three nrfs, drawing lessons along the way. Given the dearth of publications on the domestic as opposed to the transnational regulation of nrfs, it carries out an original review of primary and secondary policy sources, both legal and non-legal documents, along with a synthesis of representative bodies of literature. It finds that nrfs are mainly regulated by laws and institutional support, which constitute four key regulatory features: legal frameworks and objectives, ownership regimes, structure and functionality, and governance and operation. The conclusion is that how nrfs are regulated, based on these features, determines their outcomes.
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Kaltenborn, Bjørn P., Jenny F. Kaltenborn, Barbara B. Baczynska, Just Kornfeldt, and Grete K. Hovelsrud. "Media Coverage of Environmental and Social Change in Northern Norway’s Coastal Regions: Main Themes in National and International News." ARCTIC 74, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic72474.
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Media are important agents in the shaping of northern images. Media coverage influences public perceptions and policy governing resource and societal development. But popular media often provide incomplete and skewed representations compared to the documentation provided by scientific literature and the range of activities and interests present in a region. We conducted a topic analysis of media coverage of environmental and social change in the Helgeland, Lofoten, and Vesterålen regions in northern Norway and Svalbard in the high Arctic during approximately 2014 to 2018. Our findings show that popular media collectively contribute to an image of expanding economic development based on natural resource exploitation. However, this narrative is incomplete in terms of the societal dynamics linked to natural resource development as documented in the scientific literature and somewhat biased towards climate change, oil and gas exploitation, tourism, and marine harvesting. Emergency preparedness issues and economic transitions are under-communicated, and we conclude that the popular media narrative only partly represents an alternative to the government policy discourse on northern issues.
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Olszewski-Strzyżowski, Dariusz Jacek. "Promotional Activities of Selected National Tourism Organizations (NTOs) in the Light of Sustainable Tourism (Including Sustainable Transport)." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052561.
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The dynamic development and evolution that tourism has recently undergone and its growing importance made it become an important element of the policy of today’s countries in various walks of social, economic and political life. As tourism is one of the largest industries in the world, most countries recognized the leading role in their economies, establishing in this regard the administrative structure of the national tourism organizations (NTOs). NTOs are responsible for the marketing and promotion of countries, improving the tourist image of a given country and supporting existing or developing new tourism products. At the same time, governments are increasingly realizing that tourism should develop in accordance with the principles of sustainable development and be integrated with the natural, cultural and social environment of these countries. This article presents the activities of selected national tourism organizations (NTOs) in terms of their role in developing the potential of sustainable tourism (and within it sustainable transport) in their countries. The aim of the article is to review the promotional activities undertaken by NTOs operating in countries such as Austria, Cyprus, Grenada, Guatemala, Norway and Indonesia. The article is an overview, and the following sources were used to prepare it: official websites of the organizations, reports, promotional materials and any documents related to the operation of the studied NTOs in the field of sustainable tourism and sustainable transport development (e.g., tourism development strategies, tourism product development strategies, projects and programs). The choice of these countries for the analysis was dictated by the fact that they have outstanding natural and cultural assets that make up the product potential for sustainable tourism and the very responsible, diverse and long-term promotional and marketing activities undertaken by the NTOs (e.g., promotional campaigns). Such prudent treatment of own resources and sustainable potential may also contribute to these countries gaining a competitive advantage over other destinations in the world (e.g., increase in interest from tourists). The activities and promotional campaigns cited in the article as well as the solutions proposed by NTOs can also become excellent examples of good practice for other destinations in the world. The research has also shown that the studied countries (and their national tourism organizations) clearly support the development of sustainable tourism and sustainable transport through their national tourism policies.
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Choi, Seung-Whan. "Outlier analysis: Natural resources and immigration policy." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): e0261533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261533.
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This replication underlines the importance of outlier diagnostics since many researchers have long neglected influential observations in OLS regression analysis. In his article, entitled “Primary Resources, Secondary Labor,” Shin finds that advanced democracies with increased natural resource wealth, particularly from oil and natural gas production, are more likely to restrict low-skill immigration policy. By performing outlier diagnostics, this replication shows that Shin’s findings are a statistical artifact. When one outlying country, Norway, is removed from the sample data, I observe almost no significant and negative relationship between oil wealth and immigration policy. When two outlying countries are excluded, the effect of oil wealth completely disappears. Robust regression analysis, a widely used remedial method for outlier problems, confirms the results of my outlier diagnostics.
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James, Alexander. "US State Fiscal Policy and Natural Resources." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20130211.
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An analytical framework predicts that, in response to an exogenous increase in resource-based government revenue, a benevolent government will partially substitute away from taxing income, increase spending and save. Fifty-one years of US-state level data are largely consistent with this theory. A baseline fixed effects model predicts that a $1.00 increase in resource revenue results in a $0.25 decrease in nonresource revenue, a $0.43 increase in spending and a $0.32 increase in savings. Instrumenting for resource revenue reveals that a positive revenue shock is largely saved and the rest is transferred back to residents in the form of lower nonresource tax rates. (JEL H71, H72, H76, Q38, R11)
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Rattsø, J. "Local Government Allocation of Labour and the Grant System: An Applied Model Analysis of Local Government Behaviour in Norway." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 3 (September 1989): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070273.
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The behaviour of local governments in Norway is investigated in a model of allocation of labour between local services. The model allows for an analysis of the substitution effects in the allocation of local government resources. The results indicate how costs, taxes, grants, and socioeconomic factors influence local governments. The effects of the grant system are emphasized, and it is concluded that selective grants act as general income. As a result, the recent reform in Norway which consolidated the special purpose grants must be expected to have a small effect on allocation of resources.
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Rugebregt, Revency Vania, Abrar Saleng, and Farida Patittingi. "Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i1.219.
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Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.
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Rugebregt, Revency Vania, Abrar Saleng, and Farida Patittingi. "Government Policy in the Natural Resource Management of Local Community." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1n1.219.
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Natural resource management is an important thing that should be done by the community for survival. Consciously of many ways in the management of natural resources has resulted in environmental damage, coupled with government policies that give permission without good supervision to entrepreneurs or private individuals in natural resource management adds a long list of environmental damage. In the last three decades, governments tend to ignore the phenomenon of legal pluralism in the legal development policy, preparation of legal instruments, as well as the implementation of the law through political neglect of the fact legal pluralism. So the product of legislation, especially those that set natural resource management, normatively ignore and displace the rights of indigenous peoples and local over control, management, and utilization of natural resources. Moreover, with deprivation of the rights of indigenous peoples’ customary rights and the implementation of development without taking into consideration the pattern of spatial planning, more and enlarge the conflict between the government and society.
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Werner, Karolina. "Zambia: Governance and Natural Resources." Revue Gouvernance 13, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039239ar.
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This paper analyzes the natural resources governance framework in Zambia. The research is the result of a broader project on natural resource governance with interviews performed in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the paper is to identify the gaps and inconsistencies within the Zambian natural resource policy framework, in an effort to broaden the understanding of how governance of the sector may be streamlined and optimized. It further offers suggestions on how other sectors, such as education, may be central to the development of a more successful natural resource framework. The paper focuses on Zambia as a country with a long history of mining and a relatively stable political environment, yet one in which tensions between government and the private sector remain, and policies on natural resource extraction which have been particularly volatile in recent years.
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Akhmaddhian, Suwari, Erga Yuhandra, and Ressa Siti Nurhasanah. "The Government Policy in Realizing the Sustainability of Labeobarbus Douronensis "Dewa Fish"." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v8i2.3277.
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The present study aims to identify the regulations on the conservation of natural resources and their impact on community welfare. This study applied an empirical juridical approach. The primary and secondary data used in this study were collected through interviews, observation, and literature study. As results, it can be identified that fish conservation in Indonesia is regulated by various laws and regulations, including Law on Fisheries, Law on Environmental Protection and Management, Government Regulation on Conservation of Fishery Resources, Government Regulation on Fish Farming, Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry on Recognition and Protection of Local Wisdom in the Management of Natural Resources and Environment, Regional Regulation on Implementation of Tourism, Regional Regulation on Preservation of Local Culture, as well as Regional Regulation on Conservation of Birds and Fish which give the authority to Kuningan District Regional Government in the conservation of ‘god fish’. The conservation of ‘god fish’ based on local wisdom of ‘pamali’ is in the form of prohibition on damaging the spring in Cibulan Tourist Attraction and prohibition on disturbing ‘god fish’. To conclude with, the conservation of natural resources, especially ‘god fish’, through water-based tourism management has positive implications for community welfare.
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Rochmah, Sjahriati, and Tri Hayati. "Utilizing natural resources of geothermal for villagers welfare." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187403002.
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In National Energy Policy, Indonesia is determined to reduce the use of artifact energy, and continue to promote and increase the use of new renewable energy that is used by 23 percent for electricity and transportation in 2025. Bio-energy contributed to 10 percent, Geothermal contributed to 7 percent, Hydro contributed to 3 percent and other new renewable energy contributed to 3 percent. During this time, portfolio/energy mix target had not reached, as in 2015, only reach 5% and in 2016 reach 7 percent. To achieve the national energy resilience, government put geothermal as one of the supplies of pillar energy in the (National Medium-term Development Plan) RPJMN document. Beside government had promoted renewable energy as one of national strategy for instance to determine the energy policy and regulations for sustainable development but the result was not satisfied enough. The current article would explore the renewable energy governance in Indonesia that focused on the geothermal energy. The implementation of various policies, regulations, and programs should increase the awareness of the importance of renewable energy role in the sustainable development system. The transparency of fair governance and the participation of the stakeholders of development therefore it was a must.
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Kukreti, Mohan. "Natural resources and policies for community-based ecotourism." Holistic approach to environment 11, no. 4 (September 7, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.11.4.4.
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This paper in particular deals with the analysis and reviews of the ecotourism policies and the framework of the state of Uttarakhand and the Indian government. In general, it evaluates and discusses the future and significance of the natural resources for the development of the community-based ecotourism in Uttarakhand for the sustainable development of the villages including conservation of biological diversity. This paper argues that the homestay programme, if encouraged, might help the state to achieve its goal of ecotourism and the green economy. Tourism was given an industry status by the government of Uttarakhand in 2018, providing attractive incentives and subsidies. Nevertheless, there is still a need for the appropriate policy framework for the better management of the natural resources, development and the training of the various stakeholders and the entrepreneurs involved in the community-based ecotourism industry.
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Sarjito, Aris. "Crisis Management Policy of Natural Disaster." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.8985.
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Abstract
Indonesia is the country that has the most active volcanoes in the entire world. The Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate are three active tectonic plates that cause collision zones to form these volcanoes. Indonesia is estimated to have 129 volcanoes, all of which are carefully monitored by the Centre for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation. This is done because several volcanoes in Indonesia continue to show activity. Moreover, it is estimated that more than five million people live in the "danger zone" of a volcano where they must be immediately evacuated if the mountain shows significant upward activity (Indonesia-Investment, 2019). However, efforts to reduce the risk of natural hazards remain largely uncoordinated in different types of hazards and do not necessarily focus on areas with the highest disaster risk.
This paper uses a descriptive qualitative approach as the main writing approach and uses crisis management theory by Rosenthal, that crisis management involves efforts: (1) to prevent a crisis from occurring; (2) to prepare better protection against the impact of crisis agents; (3) to make effective responses to the actual crisis; and (4) to provide plans and resources for post-crisis recovery and rehabilitation.
The results of this study are: (1) to accelerate forest recovery, the government can engage the community with security and welfare approach; (2) natural disaster management is the main responsibility of the government; (3) In crises due to natural disasters, form a team that is responsive to critical situations. This team was formed by involving government agencies, community leaders, and NGOs; and (4) to increase the government's capacity to reduce the impact of natural disasters, assessment of potential damage, the establishment of an early warning system, and the improvement of disaster-resistant capabilities are needed.
Keywords: Crisis Management; Natural Disaster; Policy.
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Ertimi, Basem, Tamat Sarmidi, Norlin Khalid, and Mohd Helmi Ali. "The Policy Framework of Natural Resource Management in Oil-Dependence Countries." Economies 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9010025.
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A variety of critical empirical studies are interested in and focused on complex issues related to natural resource management and resource curse, whilst less can be found combining diverse factors that affect the dynamics of this curse and mitigate it. The case study of Norway is used as the benchmark policy framework in oil-rich countries to invest oil revenues and set correct fiscal policies. In this study, an analytical framework was structured to evaluate the coherence of resource management with sustainability as a starting point, contributing to further assessments of how the adaptation of such policies is incorporated in resource management to mitigate the resource curse. The analysis also suggests that oil-rich countries can learn from Norway’s experience to mitigate this resource curse and utilize oil revenues in the interest of the country. In addition, the analysis helps in effective management and the protection of ecological resources as these are becoming an increasingly important strategic part of natural wealth. This study aimed to provide an overarching framework designed to help conceptualize key issues of natural resource management and the resource curse in oil-rich countries and understand the challenges facing those countries in managing the natural resources.
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Akhmaddhian, S., H. Hartiwiningsih, I. GAKR Handayani, E. Yuhandra, Yuhandra, E,H Budiman, D. Rahmat, and O. Syafrudin. "The government policy on the conservation of natural resources and ecosystems in Kuningan, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 311 (August 14, 2019): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/311/1/012048.
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Xu, Jintao, and Peter Berck. "China's environmental policy: an introduction." Environment and Development Economics 19, no. 1 (December 16, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000624.
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AbstractThis special issue covers several important aspects of China's environmental policy, ranging from evaluation of government programs (biogas and the Sloping Land Conversion Program) that aim directly to enhance the rural environment, to the reform of natural resource sectors (collective and state forest reforms) that set foundations for the sustainable use of natural resources, and to the impacts of urban environmental policies (including urban transportation management and industrial pollution control policy). We provide an overview of the topic and a brief introduction to each of the contributed papers.
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Dartanto, Teguh, and Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro. "Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal di Indonesia terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Disparitas Antar Daerah: Analisa Model Makro Ekonometrik Simultan." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v4i1.131.
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From January 1, 2001, when new autonomy laws were implemented, lndonesia began to move toward decentralization of what had been a highly decentralized. This policy adopts two complimentary laws. Law No.22/1999, which basically the devolution policy, has been accompanied by La No.25/1999, which basically reflect that decentralization policy in Indonesia has adopted the concept of ”money follows function”. Law No.25/1999 describe the fiscal decentralization process that will create a new intergovernmental transfer scheme between the central government and local government. Some of items in the law were really new ones such as the natural resources revenue sharing, income tax sharing, general allocation fund (OAF) and specifics allocation fund (SAF). The policies oftax and natural resource revenue sharing can result in fiscal imbalance among regions. Tax and natural resources revenue sharing will benefit only to urbanized and natural resources rich regions Because of it, Central Government created General Allocation Funds. This fund has block grant characteristic and will be given to regions by fiscal gap conception. The purpose is to equalize fiscal capacity among regions that in turn also can reduce disparity among them. The Simultaneous Macro Econometric Model is made for analyzing the fiscal decentralization impact to economic growth and region disparity. The policy simulation in this model used transfer fund from central government such as Tax Revenue Sharing, Natural Resource Revenue Sharing and General Allocation Fund. The simulation is carried out to see the optimality of various possible existing policies. The optimality is measured by evaluating the high rate of economic growth and low disparity.
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Ibiam, Amah Emmanuel, and Hemen Philip Faga. "INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER NATURAL RESOURCES: AN ANALYSIS OF HOST COMMUNITIES RIGHTS IN NIGERIA." Lampung Journal of International Law 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2402.
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The many States are engulfed in crises over natural resources in the form of claims and counterclaims over who should exercise legal authority over the resources located within the state territory. In Nigeria, the agitation over control of natural resources has led to militancy and rebellion against the federal government and multinational oil companies. The debate on who should control and manage natural oil resources in Nigeria exists at the local community level, the federating states level, and the federal government level. This paper x-rayed the varying contentions of these agitations from an international law perspective. It adopted the doctrinal method to explore international human rights instruments and other legal and non-legal sources to realize the result and arrive at persuasive conclusions. The paper concluded that although international law guarantees states’ exercise of sovereign rights over their natural resources, it safeguards the right of indigenous peoples and communities to manage the natural resources found within their ancestral lands to deepen their economic and social development. It also concluded that the Niger Delta indigenous peoples and oil-producing communities are entitled to exercise some measure of control and management of the processes of exploitation of the natural resources found within their lands. The paper calls on the Nigerian government to fast-track legal and policy reforms to resource rights to indigenous host communities of natural resources in Nigeria.
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Eka Putri, Nora. "POLITIK MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM." Humanus 12, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v12i1.3105.
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Decentralization has become an important factor in managing smaller administrative region. The regional autonomy ruled by the central government through the legislation UU No. 32 in 2004 about Regional Government is expected to improve the outcome of policies of Indonesia’s local administration. One of the authorities delegated to the local administration is the responsibility to manage the natural resources, which is important in increasing the regional income for the development of the communities. However, the implementation of natural resource management still cause several problems such as environmental degradation, poverty, and income inequality. In order to solve the problems, politics play an important role in the regional policy making including the planning, budgeting, implementing and monitoring the policy as well as maximizing the role of communities’ participation. This cooperation between the local administration is expected to result in the effective, efficient, fair, and sustainable use of natural resources. Key words: natural resources management, politics of management, local administration
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Byambasuren, Tsenguunjav, Avralt-Od Purevjav, and Erdenetungalag Erdenekhuyag. "Economic Impacts of the Government Investment Policy." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015010104.
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The abundant natural resources can bring either positive or negative impact to the country's economy depending on the macroeconomic policies. Mongolia has massive mineral resource dominated by coal, copper, and gold. The Government of Mongolia has started to implement a number of infrastructure projects to decrease the mining project's cost burden caused from the country's weak infrastructure. This paper aims to assess the economic impact of the government investment policy towards the mining sector. In order to investigate the alternative options of the government investment policy, it uses a simulation analysis using the Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model which is developed for Mongolian economy. In the empirical analysis, this paper considers following two policy scenarios: Power plant and Copper refinery. The results suggest that both the policy scenarios have positive impact on the domestic economy, of which making the investment to power plant is the better option for the policy makers.
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Tohom, Andilo. "Peran Pengawasan Internal Dalam Menghindari Kutukan Sumber Daya Alam." Liquidity 5, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v5i1.59.
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Indonesia is one of many countries in the world so called resource-rich country. Natural resources abundance needs to be managed in the right way in order to avoid dutch diseases and resources curses. These two phenomena generally happened in the country, which has abundant natural resources. Learned from Norwegian experiences, Indonesian Government need to focus its policy to prevent rent seeking activities. The literature study presented in this paper is aimed to provide important insight for government entities in focusing their policies and programs to avoid resources curse. From the internal audit perspective, this study is expected to improve internal audit’s role in assurance and consulting.
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S.IP., MA, Sobri. "Konflik Agraria Antara Masyarakat Dengan Perusahaan Pemegang HPHTI di Kabupaten Pelalawan." SISI LAIN REALITA 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2017.vol2(1).1390.
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Agrarian conflict between the people living in the villages of the pelalawan district is due to the change of government policy related to the pattern of management of natural resources such as forest, land and river, from "subsistence" pattern to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry sector becoming the root of agrarian conflict in Riau province . The change of development policy from the pattern of Subsistence to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry and plantation sectors created by the government led to changes in the control of natural resources such as land, rivers and forests from the "Subsistence" pattern based on ulayat concept, to become widespread land tenure (monopoly) by the owners of capital (the corporations).
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Asmara, Anugerah Yuka. "PENGUATAN ZONA EKONOMI EKSLUSIF DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA MARITIM INDONESIA DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN (Pembelajaran dari Kebijakan Pemerintah Norwegia Perihal Regulasi, Pemanfaatan Iptek, Manajemen Kelembagaan dan Kerjasama Internasional)." Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v2i2.9280.
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Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki berbagai permasalahan pengelolaan sumber daya kelautan khususnya di perbatasan antar negara. Beberapa pelanggaran batas laut negara yang telah ditetapkan melalui zona ekonomi ekslusif (ZEE) tiap tahun marak terjadi. Misalnya penangkapan ikan oleh nelayan asing, eksplorasi tambang di bawah laut oleh beberapa perusahaan asing menyebabkan pencemaran laut di batas negara, dan minimnya penggunaan iptek dalam pengelolaan sumber daya maritim di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian dalam studi ini ialah : 1) Mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan kebijakan Pemerintah Norwegia dalam menguatkan posisi wilayah laut negaranya sekaligus pengelolaan sumber daya laut yang ada di dalamnya dan 2) Mengelaborasi langkah-langkah Pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengambil beberapa pelajaran dari keberhasilan negara Norwegia tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah melalui pendekatan literatur atau studi pustaka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif-deksriptif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ialah dengan mengambil praktik-praktik terbaik (best practices) dari keberhasilan suatu negara dalam mengimplementasikan program. Hasil tinjauan dari berbagai literaturmenunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kebijakan pengelolaan kelautan dari Norwegia sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki geografi laut cukup luas patut menjadi contoh bagi Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan secara geografis dan sistem pemerintahannya memiliki kemiripan di antara keduanya, meskipun Indonesia sebagai negara maritim terluas di dunia memiliki tantangan lebih berat dari pada Norwegia yang secara geografis lebih kecil dari Indonesia.Title: Reinforcement The Exclusive Economic Zone Within Managing The Indonesian Maritime Resource in Interstate Boundary Area (Learning From The Government Policy of Norway in Terms of The Regulation, Utilisation For Science and Technology, Institutional Management, and International Cooperation) Indonesia is an archipelago country which has the various issues in managing the living marine resource especially in interstate boundary. The violations of the interstate sea boundary which are determined by economic exclusive zone (EEZ) increasingly occur up to now. Such as, illegal fishing by the strange fishers, the crude oil explorations which bring about ocean pollution in interstate boundary area, and the lack of use science and technology within managing the living marine resources in Indonesia. The research objective of this study is to: 1) Determine and describe the policy of the Government of Norway in strengthening the country’s position as well as marine areas marine resources therein and 2) Elaboration of the steps the Government of Indonesia to take some lessons from the success of the Norwegian state. The method used is through literature or literature approach. This research is a qualitative-descriptive. Data analysis technique used is to take the best practices (best practices) of a country’s success in implementing the program. The learning of policy for the maritime resource from Norway as a geographically large maritime country can became a precedent for Indonesia. It is caused between Indonesia and Norway have the similarity in the geographic area and in the government system, although Indonesia as the world’s largest maritime countries have more severe challenges from Norway who is geographically smaller than Indonesia.
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Setiawan, Tomi. "DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE TO POLICY: STUDY ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S RECOGNITION OF LAND RIGHTS DISCOURSE IN PUBLIC POLICY." Jurnal Wacana Kinerja: Kajian Praktis-Akademis Kinerja dan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik 24, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v24i1.669.
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One of the major themes in contemporary public policy studies is to making public policy based on or based on science by relying on various research results. Knowledgee is continually being discourses through a set of studies until finally it can be used as a basis for making good public policy. This paper aims to analyze the land tenure struggle within the public policy in the context of developing knowledge for policy after New Order Era. Conceptually the tenure discourse is understood as a recognition by the state over the rights of indigenous people land that essentially becomes a reflection of the willingness the state power bearers to recognize the existence of autonomous indigenous peoples. The method used in this paper is qualitative method, with research technique of literature study and document analysis, and also participatory observation. In conclusion, the agenda to recognize community rights over land and other natural resources should be formulated with new provisions and / or use of the old provisions, which maintain harmony between people who are de facto entitled to land and natural resources, with government authorities on the basis of the political conception of the state property rights, contained in the law on land and natural resources.
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Ninyio, Ninette Nyalyen. "Legal System Of Tax Income And Tariff Revenue In The Natural Resources And The Mining Sector In Nigeria: Obstacles And Challenges In Collecting Taxes And Duties, Parliamentary And Judicial Control." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 6, no. 4 (2019): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2019-4-418.
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Nigeria is endowed with a wide variety of economic minerals which are spread across all the geopolitical zones of the nation. The ownership, management and control of natural resources in Nigeria is enshrined in the Constitution, and recognized by the United Nations Organization (UN). In 1962, the General Assembly of the United Nations deliberated and adopted Resolution 1803, (xvii) titled “Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources”. This resolution changed the ownership structure of natural resources from investor ownership to State control of natural resources. The Federal Government of Nigeria, being the owner of natural resources in Nigeria, by virtue of being a member of the United Nations, and a signatory to the treaty which has been transmuted into municipal law, formulates policies which guarantee it receives some compensation for allowing the extraction of these resources. Chief among these policies is the fiscal policy, which is aimed at ensuring that government acquires benefits from the mining of these resources, or simply referred to as taxation or the levying of tax. The legal regime of these fiscal policies is what this presentation seeks to examine, and shall be considered against the backdrop of the obstacles and challenges that mitigate the optimal realization of benefits to be accrued in its implementation, which may be parliamentary or judicial in nature. In doing this, the various extant tax laws on are examined. For clarity, Nigeria operates a presidential system of government and not a parliamentary one, and any reference to parliamentary here strictly means the legislative segment of the government.
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Mirza, Mirza, and Hikmah Zakky Almubaroq. "Naval Academy Cadets Voyage Introduces National Culture." JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science) 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jess.v6i1.392.
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As the largest archipelagic country in the world with a strategic position and with having alarge wealth of natural resources, Indonesia constitutes a country that has tremendous allure to other countries that have an interest. In order to manage abundant natural resources, of course it must be supported by good Indonesian human resources. This is in line with the policy of the President of the Republic of Indonesia H. Joko Widodo,that the development of human resources constitutes top priority in his government policy for 2019-2024. This priority also in the navy which has motto Jalesveva Jayamahe (in the sea that we are victorious). In order to generate qualified Indonesian human resources in order to build and maintain the sovereignty of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia and to implement government policies and Kasal policies, especially in generating officers, of course it can be realized and determined fundamentally by the educational institution system. Therefore, it is necessary to revise these regulations so that later they will be better and can accommodate changes that occur and eliminate existing problems. The purpose of this study is to provide policy authors with tools to understand and predict service behavior as operational and policy requirements change so that the new regulations will be better.
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Bush, Simon R. "Contextualising fisheries policy in the Lower Mekong Basin." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 39, no. 3 (September 11, 2008): 329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463408000349.
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AbstractDevelopment policies for fishery resources within the Mekong River Basin are increasingly divided between aquaculture and capture fisheries. The modern production orientation of aquaculture has been adopted by government and NGOs and justified by the rhetoric of poverty alleviation and rural development. In contrast, capture fisheries has been subjugated as an activity that reaffirms the dependency of the rural poor on natural resources. This paper critically analyses the division between aquaculture and capture fisheries in Cambodia, Thailand and Lao PDR by tracing the emergence and influence of ‘development narratives’ used to justify contemporary policy and practice.
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Nurkholis, Nurkholis, and Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro. "Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Perekonomian Antar Daerah : Analisa Model IRIO." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v3i2.28.
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Regional autonomy program is the form of fiscal decentralization policy in Indonesia, legally started with the law of Regional Government No.22/1999 about de-concentration azas, which imply power or authority sharing and No.25/1999 about decentralization, which imply financial sharing between central and regional government. Financial sharing is tax and natural resources sharing revenue. This financial sharing type can widen fiscal gap between regions. As the solution, the central government gives block grants. Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) model can be used to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization policy on sectoral and regional linkages, multipliers, growth, equalization, and efficiency of the regional economy. The analysis use shock variables of inter-governmental transfer including tax sharing revenue, natural resources revenue and block grants. They are treated as an exogenous variable package by regional government expenditure. The expenditures are in the form of investment and consumption based on IRIO model to analyze the optimality of policy variation. The analysis shows that the optimality of growth, equalization, and economic efficiency will be reached if the allocation of inter-governmental transfer is exactly the same as the potency and linkages between sectors and regions. We find the current formulation of intergovernmental transfer by central government, potent to increase regional disparity. Central government should reformulate division of inter-governmental transfer to avoid fiscal decentralization to be contra productive policy.
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FITZPATRICK, TONY. "The Sixth Giant? Environmental Policy and the Labour Government, 1945–51." Journal of Social Policy 45, no. 1 (October 2, 2015): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000495.
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AbstractThe connections between social and environmental policies have a longer and more fertile history than is often appreciated. Ignoring that history is not just unfortunate in its own terms but may mean that we deprive ourselves of resources that could be useful in the future. Unfortunately, social policy histories avoid discussion of the natural environment, just as environmental histories avoid discussion of welfare services. This article therefore seeks to open up new debates and a new field of research. It focuses upon one of the key periods in the development of UK state welfare, the Labour government of 1945–51. It argues that Labour displayed an ambivalence toward the natural environment. Land nationalisation had long been an aspiration, but Labour drew back from its more radical ambitions. In policy terms, this gave rise to a dualism. Town and country planning became one of its enduring legacies, but more socialistic, redistributive measures fell by the wayside.
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Khvostenko, Vladyslav, Marziye Memmedli, and Stanislav Milevskyi. "The role of Kazakhstan’s oil policy in foreign policy." Development Management 17, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/dm.17(4).2019.05.
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Since gained its independence in 1991, energy management has become the most important factor in the development of Kazakhstan’s economic and foreign policy. This is due to the presence of widespread deposits of natural energy resources in the bowels of Kazakhstan. This forms the energy security and essential basis for the economic independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study, first of all, looks at Kazakhstan’s foreign policy and the links between foreign policy and energy sources. In particular, attention is paid to the role of oil in shaping Kazakhstan’s foreign policy as an active participant in the highly competitive energy resources market. The energy potential of Kazakhstan, the entry of Kazakh oil into the world market and the obstacles created by Russia for Kazakhstan in this process are investigated next. Other problems in the region are analyzed, including border issues with neighboring countries, as well as the impact of energy demand in China on Kazakhstan’s foreign policy. In this regard, the main focus of the study is the analysis of Kazakhstan’s energy resources rich in oil reserves, and the analysis of the multilateral energy policy of the Astana Government since independence and has been gained since.
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Harahab, Nuddin, Harsuko Riniwati, Tiwi Nurjannati Utami, Zainal Abidin, and Lina Asmara Wati. "Sustainability Analysis of Marine Ecotourism Management for Preserving Natural Resources and Coastal Ecosystem Functions." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.2.28670.
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Ecotourism very support for conservation. Ecotourism may assist with preservation of natural resources and ecotourism functions in comparison to other alternatives, such as mass tourism. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of ecotourism management for preserving natural resources and ecosystem functions. This study is a survey on ecotourism destinations Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC). To analyze the level of sustainability, 9 dimensions were analyzed based on theoretical and empirical studies. The dimensions consisted of (1) conservation, (2) participation, (3) recreation and education, (4) economy, (5) control, (6) government, (7) ecotourism center, (8) academics/researchers, and (9) social media. This study employed quantitative analysis using Rapfish application with Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) to assess the status and sustainability index of marine tourism management (CMC). The result revealed that the sustainability status of marine ecotourism management in CMC was categorized as “highly sustainable”. The highest value was the conservation dimension and the lowest value was in the government dimension. Therefore, government support for improving the role of ecotourism regarding preservation of natural resources and ecosystem functions is required. The government can give its support through implementing regulations, facilitating ecotourism management, designing public policy for ecotourism, and planning government policies that benefit the development of ecotourism.
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Hanif, Sobia, Muhammad Atif Nawaz, Snober Fazal, and Ruqayya Ibraheem. "Role of Natural Resources and Eco-Innovations in Determination of the Environmental Quality of Pakistan: Evidence through Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Estimation." iRASD Journal of Economics 4, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2022.0401.0067.
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The present study estimates the impact of natural resources, eco-innovations and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Pakistan over 1990-2019 period. For empirical estimation, Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and Granger Causality Analysis, Variance Decomposition Analysis and Impulse Response Function are applied after checking the stationarity properties and long run cointegration among the variables. According to the empirical findings, natural resources have significant positive impact, whereas eco-innovations have negative impact on CO2 emission in Pakistan. Bi-directional causal association is present between CO2 and eco-innovations, and CO2 and economic growth, but no causal association is present between natural resources and CO2 emission. In addition, Variance Decomposition Analysis and Impulse Response Function show the forecasted effects of natural resources, eco-innovations and economic growth on future CO2 emissions. The findings are robust to various policy recommendations. The study recommends the policymakers and the government to implement strict regulations to curb the over utilization of natural resources. Government should also start new businesses and research and development programs in collaboration with private sector to promote eco-friendly technologies that will help in mitigation of environmental pollution in Pakistan.
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Lin, Chun-Yu, Gui-Lin Dai, Zhuo Chen, Su Wang, Ying Liu, Ping Wang, and Xiu-Mei Fu. "Game of Marine Natural Resources Management: A strategy for Determining Rights Registration." Water 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010036.
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The unified right confirmation and registration of natural resources in sea areas (URCRNRSA) has been considered a key approach to the effective management and sustainable utilization of marine resources. In China, the system of URCRNRSA is insufficient due to the lack of central auditing supervision and public participation. In this study, the mechanism of stakeholder interaction is clarified based on the game relationship among the tripartite of the central government, local governments, and the public. The evolutionary process of tripartite decision-making is simulated with an evolutionary game model. On this basis, the strategic choices of the tripartite were analyzed in the four evolutionary scenarios of high-quality URCRNRSA. It was demonstrated that the tripartite could jointly affect the URCRNRSA through cooperation-constraint, principal-agent, and incentive-compatibility relationships. The most effective, realistic, and feasible URCRNRSA strategy was the trinity system with local government high-quality rights confirming, the central government auditing as a hard constraint and the public participating as a soft constraint. The main influencing factors for the tripartite to make different strategy selections were clarified through parameter sensitivity analysis, including cost, benefit, reward, and punishment. Accordingly, the policy recommendations were put forward to ensure the stable and efficient implementation of the URCRNRSA in China.
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Valiukh, Andriі Mykolajovych. "SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT: ARCHETYPAL APPROACH." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 13 (August 27, 2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i13.131.
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The issues of the essence of the concept of “natural capital”, as well as management in the field of conservation of natural capital have been investigated. The author uses an archetypal approach. The activity and structure of international organizations engaged in environmental policy have been analyzed. The basic features aspects and cooperative efforts in biodiversity identified shortcomings for international and suggests ways to address them have been investigated. The basic state policy measures improving conservation and reproduction of natural capital have been ordered. The basic approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of conservation based on best international experience. The economic evaluation of natural capital resources of Ukraine has been done and the necessity of increasing the annual state budgetary financing natural capital conservation has been improved. The methodic of evaluating the effectiveness of conservation on three levels: national, regional and local has been ordered, to better analyze the actual state of natural ecosystems, to investigate the dynamics of the cost of maintaining of natural capital by various sources (state budget of Ukraine, the cost of regional state administrations and local self-government). The experience of international financing of natural capital conservation through environmental funds has been studied, funds of NGOs and grant projects. Scientific and practical interest in the work is the proposed funding mechanism for biodiversity conservation in the current economic climate of Ukraine. Investigated the organizational structure of government natural capital conservation of Ukraine. The effectiveness of government natural capital’s conservation has been investigated. The functions of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine as a central body of executive power in the field of natural capital conservation have been studied and analyzed. The staffing Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine has been investigated, the system of placement and examined staffing departments of the Ministry, responsible for natural capital Ukraine, has been analyzed. The best foreign practices of natural capital public administration and recommendations for its implementation in Ukraine have been ordered.
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Patittingi, Farida. "New Paradigm in Natural Resources Management: Securing Indigenous Peoples Rights." Hasanuddin Law Review 6, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v6i1.2267.
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The multi-decade struggle of indigenous communities in Indonesia to gain recognition of their collective rights and the reluctance of the state to act on their demands, now has come to a bright spot. The rights of indigenous peoples in natural resources management –in land and forests– get more recognition as well as protection since the Constitutional Court’s decision on forest law. The recognition of indigenous peoples and their traditional rights must be followed by exclusive rights to control and managing resources in their environment, such as land or forests, as the main source of livelihood for indigenous peoples (lebensraum). Hence, a legal policy is needed from the government that regulates and provides strict and clear recognition criteria for its existence and their rights to natural resources.
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Kusumawardani, Adriani, Bambang Shergi Laksmono, Lugina Setyawati, and Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo. "A policy construction for sustainable rice food sovereignty in Indonesia." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (May 28, 2021): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1533.
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As an agricultural country with large natural resources, Indonesia still has considerable problems in managing food security. This is evidenced by the lack of agricultural land and human resources that can support people's food needs so that the government still imports food from other countries. These issues as; it are feared that population growth and high food consumption power, social exclusion (marginalization of agricultural laborers and agricultural land) will cause food security vulnerability in the future. This Mixed method quantitative and qualitative method by statistical and in-depth interview study involving 169 respondents from many stakeholders such as politicians, academicians, farmers, and students to determine policy construction for sustainable rice food sovereignty in Indonesia. The statistical study shows the rice consumption in Indonesia is correlated to education than the age and gender of the respondents. The study indicating problems such as; the welfare of farmers, the application of price limits for staple goods, and improving the quality of agriculture both natural resources, human resources and the provision of agricultural equipment assistance have not been resolved properly. To build food security, it should be balanced with the application of the concept of food sovereignty which is realized by aligning and maximizing competence between political resources, environmental resources capacity, and environmental diplomacy.
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Abu-Kalla, Hala, Ruslana Rachel Palatnik, Ofira Ayalon, and Mordechai Shechter. "Hoard or Exploit? Intergenerational Allocation of Exhaustible Natural Resources." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246657.
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In this paper, a “general equilibrium” (GE) model was developed for the allocation of exhaustible natural resources to examine the impact of different extraction scenarios on intergenerational economic welfare. A stylized GE model was applied to Israel’s natural gas (NG) market to evaluate economic indicators resulting from NG-extraction scenarios: a baseline scenario based on current policy in the NG sector, a conservative scenario based on a lower extraction rate, and an intensive scenario based on a faster extraction rate. The impact of various resource income-allocation strategies on intergenerational economic welfare was examined through the mechanism of a “sovereign wealth fund” (SWF). The results indicate that a higher NG-extraction rate combined with an appropriate investment strategy for NG profits is preferable from an economic perspective compared to a conservative rate. Investment of the government take from the NG market in research and development (R&D) of renewable electricity production can sustainably increase economic welfare.
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Muhamad, Nabiha Zain. "IMPACT OF GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ON THE INDONESIAN MAP STANDARDISING PROCESS." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.5.1.157-162.
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The lack of standardised thematic maps in Indonesia has lead to many land ownership conflicts on the ground. The problem began since Indonesia started to exploit its natural resources by giving up its management to the market in the early 1960s. Concessions to exploit natural resources were given out without adequate assessment to real potential value of the resources. Mapping of concession areas by respective ministries without any standardised method or reference lead to the production of multiple official maps that conflict one another. Efforts to standardise the conflicting maps were initiated in 2011 and is currently still ongoing. This study aims to derive governance performance indices that directly or indirectly affect the map standaridising process. This study interviewed sources related to either the policy making process at the national level; government officials executing the policy at the provincial level and those affected by the conflict and other stakeholders advocating their rights. Interviewees include a number of officials in the central government both current and when the initiative were launched, provincial government and at the village level. To achieve sustainable development in environmental management, good governance is a prerequisite. However, the study found that sectoral ego and low government performance including, among others, corruption played a big role in hindering the process. By adding governance performance indices along with natural and economic variables to a forecast model, it can be predicted when Indonesia will likely to achieve its ideal level of harmonised maps.
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ANTONA, MARTINE, ESTELLE MOTTE BIÉNABE, JEAN-MICHEL SALLES, GÉRALDINE PÉCHARD, SIGRID AUBERT, and RIVO RATSIMBARISON. "Rights transfers in Madagascar biodiversity policies: achievements and significance." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 6 (November 19, 2004): 825–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x04001640.
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Decentralization and people's participation have been key features of government environmental policy since the 1990s. In Madagascar, the policy of Secured Local Management of Natural Resources, known as the GELOSE act, has created a framework for the transfer of rights from central government to local communities. This article analyses the practical implementation of this policy by focusing on the nature of the rights transferred and on the nature of the contracts and incentives developed. The Aghion and Tirole model for allocation of formal and real authority in an organization is used to shed light on the contractual definition process and on the trade-offs between giving responsibilities to local communities and losing control over natural resources management. It is shown that a congruence of interests between the parties is crucial for effective delegation of authority to local communities and that this congruence may emerge in relation to the transfer of exclusion rights.
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Tzatzaki, Vicky. "Adapting the legal framework of natural marine resources management to climate disruption: The case of Greece." Arctic Review on Law and Politics 9 (2018): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v9.1214.
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The impacts of climate change on marine resources are well known and demand mitigation and adaptation measures in order to protect the ecosystems. This entails more than simply altering management practices; it requires altering goal setting and managing transitions to new ecosystemic conditions. In the European Union, the main legal tool for protection of the marine environment is the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Greece, as a member state of the European Union, has transposed the Marine Strategy Framework Directive into its national legal order and has developed legal structures to protect its marine resources from various threats, including climate change. The present paper aims to present the legal and policy management tools in Greece, relevant to implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and climate change adaptation. For methodological reasons, the paper is divided into two parts: The first part deals with those legal tools that apply to an initial assessment of the environmental quality of Greek marine waters, while the second part analyzes legislative activities pertinent to the design and implementation of programs and measures. The aim of the national legislation is to maintain the ecosystemic integrity of the marine waters of Greece and to preserve the unique characteristics of the aquatic environment with respect to present and future generations. However, the analysis shows that a holistic legal framework demands explicit provisions for climate change impacts, while the existing framework focuses primarily on anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment. Responsible Editor: Elise Johansen, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Rafig Asgarov, Sirus. "China's Energy Policy in Africa." SCIENTIFIC WORK 61, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/61/179-183.
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China's interest in Sub-Saharan Africa, which can be summarized within the framework of 2 main objectives as the acquisition of fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, which are needed as a result of rapidly increasing production, as well as the marketing and supply of products obtained as a result of production, was first carried out with Angola, which has a very rich position in terms of oil. started as a result of contacts. Within the framework of the agreements made between the Chinese government and the Angolan government, which was selected as the pilot country in the opening towards the region, the long-term transfer of the oil extracted in Angola to China was ensured; In return for this sale, China made dams, power plants, electricity transmission, and distribution lines and various transportation infrastructure investments in the region. Key words: Africa, China, energy, resource, policy
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McLure, C. E. "The Taxation of Natural Resources and the Future of the Russian Federation." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 3 (September 1994): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120309.
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This paper is an examination of the vertical and horizontal division of revenues from taxing natural resources, a crucial issue for the future of the Russian Federation. Assigning resource revenues entirely to subnational governments would undermine the fiscal capacity of the central government, Resources arc so concentrated geographically that allocating revenues primarily to jurisdictions where production occurs would create large fiscal disparities among subnational governments. Either of these policies could encourage the disintegration of the Federation—as could a contrary policy. After a brief review of the concept of economic rent, the theory of tax assignment is examined and applied to taxes on natural resources. Whereas economic arguments tend to favor centralization of resource rents, political realities suggest decentralization. It is noted that there will be many claimants to potential rents from Russian natural resources, including consumers, native peoples, suppliers of oilfield equipment, pipeline companies, foreign investors, and managers and employees in the energy sector and its suppliers. Last, consideration is given to whether resource rents should be placed in trust funds, by either native peoples or the government of producing regions, and the experience of Alberta and Alaska in this area is reviewed.
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Christin Sicilia Blandina Ansanay. "INDONESIA-NORWAY COOPERATION TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THROUGH REDD + SCHEMES (CASE STUDY: FORESTS OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN)." Sociae Polites 19, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v19i2.1650.
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Environmental problems, in particular, climate change is of international concern as this issue is directly related to human life using natural resources such as forests, regardless of environmental carrying capacity and ecosystem sustainability. It will undoubtedly affect the economy because natural resources have economic and social functions that provide benefits and become the foundation for the sustainability of the lives of nations in the world, especially in reducing the impact of climate change. The purpose of this research is to know the cooperation between Indonesia dan Norway to reduce greenhouse gas emission (GHG) through Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) scheme. The benefits of the research are theoretically useful for the development of the International Relations of science, especially concerning the cooperation of the environment. The theory used as the basis of the author in answering the question is the theory of constructivism. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research indicate that the cooperation between Indonesia and Norway runs well through the preparation and transition phase, but not yet at the full implementation stage so that there has been no result of reduction of gas emissions a significant deforestation and degradation. However, this cooperation has a positive impact on improving forest governance for Indonesia and raising awareness government and communities to safeguard and conserve forests to reduce carbon emissions through the formation of policies in Indonesia.
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Manowska, Anna, Aurelia Rybak, Artur Dylong, and Joachim Pielot. "Forecasting of Natural Gas Consumption in Poland Based on ARIMA-LSTM Hybrid Model." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 8597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248597.
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Natural gas is one of the main energy sources in Poland and accounts for about 15% of the primary energy consumed in the country. Poland covers only 1/5 of its demand from domestic deposits. The rest is imported from Russia, Germany, Norway, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, and Central Asia. An important issue concerning the market of energy resources is the question of the direct impact of the prices of energy resources on the income of exporting and importing countries. It should also be remembered that unexpected and large fluctuations are detrimental to both exporters and importers of primary fuels. The article analyzes natural gas deposits in Poland, raw material trade and proposes a model for forecasting the volume of its consumption, which takes into account historical consumption, prices of energy resources and assumptions of Poland’s energy policy until 2040. A hybrid model was built by combining ARIMA with LSTM artificial neural networks. The validity of the constructed model was assessed using ME, MAE, RMSE and MSE. The average percentage error is 2%, which means that the model largely represents the real gas consumption course. The obtained forecasts indicate an increase in consumption by 2040.
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Marpaung, B. O. Y., Dwira Nirfalini Aulia, and Eric Witarsa. "Evaluation of Tourism Policies Towards Sustainable Development." Journal of Politics and Law 14, no. 4 (May 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p1.
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Indonesia has the potential of natural resources for tourism development. One of the natural resources that the government continues to develop in Indonesia is the Lake Toba tourist attraction. The level of tourism visits at Lake Toba tourist destinations in Indonesia in recent years is low. Policies designed to provide a socially inclusive and ecologically sound tourism framework are weak in encouraging local wisdom-based tourism in the tourist destinations of Lake Toba, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Local wisdom-based government policies are essential and strategic because they can trigger an increase in the quality of tourism in Lake Toba. Government regulations and policies that show concern for local wisdom for the Lake Toba area in North Sumatera, Indonesia, can support and guide community involvement. The results of this research can help evaluate policy documents at other well-known tourist destinations.
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Sohail, Sadia, Sohail Ahmad, and Noor Jehan. "Distribution of Resource Revenues in Balochistan: A Gap in Pakistan's Policy Making." Global Regional Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(ii-i).01.
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Since the discovery of oil and gas in Balochistan and Sindh, Punjab has remained the primary consumer. The gas reserves that were found in 1952 reached the consumers of Baluchistan in 1986 in 14 urban townships. Other than natural gas and oil the mineral deposits, their exploration and extraction through foreign companies is raising eyebrows on the issue of the revenue distribution. This paper is based on the MS thesis of the author, Mismanagement of Natural Resources: Challenges to the stability of Pakistan and its implications of Foreign Direct Investment (2005-2017). It discusses, why there is lack of consensus between the central government and Balochistan on the issue of minerals extraction and revenue distribution? It also addresses, how mal-administration played a role in widening the gap between Balochistan and Central government and it suggests measures to improve the situation.
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Yeasmin, Nafisa. "Implementation of the EU Immigration Policy in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region: Towards a Framework for Policy Analysis." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 5, no. 1 (2013): 603–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427-91000138.
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Abstract Finland and Sweden along with other countries in the Barents region wish to increase migration, in-line with their labour demands and demographic changes. These states have reformed their economic and immigration policy so that migrants may contribute to their national economies. However, they receive far fewer numbers of immigrants than envisaged. There is a need for increased cooperation within Barents Region on immigration issues, including integration of migrants for utilizing its natural resources properly. The European Union is an important actor in the Barents Region. The European Commission has been a member of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) since the beginning of regional cooperation. Two out of four states are EU members, with Norway being part of the European Economic Area,1 meaning that many EU regulations are relevant for all Nordic countries, including Norway. EU policies can be also seen as models and examples of best practice. Moreover, EU-Russia cooperation and Northern Dimension may play a major role in agenda-setting for regional cooperation and major changes in EU-Russia relations (like a visa-free agreement) would have major influence on the situation in the region. This paper aims to investigate whether there is coherence in immigration policy and its implementation between Barents Region and the European Union, how the EU places itself within the existing actors and governance frameworks of BEAR, and which role it wants to take up in relation to the migration policy in the region. Finally, this paper aims to highlight the main barriers to implement the existing policies in practice.
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Mitchell, Bruce, Kathryn Bellette, and Stacey Richardson. "Natural resources management in South Australia – regional and collaborative approaches." Water Policy 17, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 630–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.153.
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Experiences with three approaches intended to achieve increasing levels of regional and collaborative engagement – Ministerial water advisory committees, Catchment Water Management Boards and Natural Resources Management Boards – are examined over the period from the 1970s to early 2014. Attention focuses on two tensions: (1) whether to have a system-wide or regional focus and (2) whether to pursue extensive consultation and seek consensus, or have government agencies limit consultation and take decisions in a timely manner, knowing that winners and losers will emerge. Supporting legislation, policies, plans and programmes were reviewed, and interviews were completed with 88 individuals. Support generally exists for regional and collaborative approaches, but with recognition of a need to balance strengths and limitations for whatever choice is made.
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Czuba, Michał. "Strengthening the ecological security of Poland on the example of initiatives limiting the phenomenon of smog." Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis 30 (September 29, 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/spus.11381.
Full textAbstract:
Humans and their existence depend on the natural system. Maintaining balance in this system requires proper management of natural resources and taking actions aimed at limiting and preventing negative effects of the economic activity as well as rational use of natural resources available in a given time. The effects of the intensive development of the economy with the uncontrolled use of natural resources were felt by developed countries already in the first, and much stronger in the second half of the 20th century. One of them is air pollution contributing to the formation of smog. This problem is so important in Polish conditionsthat measures are taken by the government and its authorities to limit the effects and scope of this phenomenon. These activities serve to increase the ecological security.
Over the past dozen or so years, there has been a significant evolution of environmental policy in Poland, new regulations have been created in the field of environmental law. The paper analyzes the issues of Poland’s environmental policy up to 2030 and the “Clean Air” program implemented under this policy. It also attempts to indicate the positive social effects resulting from its implementation.
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Si, Rijimoleng, and Gang Han. "DID Analysis on the Impact of Policies on the Rural-Urban Income Disparity in Resource-Dependent Regions: A Case Study of Ordos." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n7p191.
Full textAbstract:
Ordos is the most abundant coal resource city in Inner Mongolia. Its coal resources account for one half of Inner Mongolia's coal resources and one sixth of China's total coal reserves. Abundant coal resources have laid the foundation for Ordos become today’s resource-based city. In 2003, Inner Mongolia issued “the guiding opinions on accelerating the development of key coal enterprises” (hereinafter referred to as “policy”), supporting the development of coal enterprises and providing policy conditions for the rapid economic development of Ordos. However, with the rapid development of economy, the rural-urban income disparity is also getting bigger in Ordos. Based on panel data from 1999 to 2012 and use the DID analysis of “quasi-natural experiment”, the paper finds that the policy has increased the rural-urban income disparity. The policy increases the rural-urban income disparity by promoting GDP growth. Therefore, the role of the policy system in the economic development of a region cannot be ignored. The government supports the development of local resource-based industries and also increase support for the development of upstream and downstream industries. Under the guidance of policy, the mineral resources income should be transformed reasonably. Government should invest the proceeds of mineral resources in material capital and human capital. Government also should invest the proceeds of mineral resources in external industries and projects that require large initial capital or long construction cycles, such as those essential infrastructure sectors: education, health, transportation and energy. In this way, the integration of urban and rural development will be realized and the rural-urban income disparity will be reduced.