Journal articles on the topic 'Natural resources conservation areas – Spain'
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1
Blanco-Cerradelo, Lidia, M. Isabel Diéguez-Castrillón, José Antonio Fraiz-Brea, and Ana Gueimonde-Canto. "Protected Areas and Tourism Resources: Toward Sustainable Management." Land 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112059.
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The protection of natural spaces is a practice that is widely used by governments or nongovernmental organizations seeking to preserve the scenic beauty of landscapes and their natural resources in spaces that stand out for their natural and cultural value and have not been heavily impacted by human activity. Proper tourism management of these spaces can promote the economic, social, and environmental development of a territory and its local communities. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of resources in the performance of protected area tourism destinations from a sustainability perspective. The information provided by the managers of 102 protected spaces in Spain (national parks, nature parks, and biosphere reserves) is analyzed. The results provide relevant information about managing resources to strengthen the sustainable performance of these spaces. The findings indicate that different types of resources affect different dimensions of sustainable performance; for instance, natural resources affect the local quality of life and the area’s sustainability, certain created resources can unite and foster local communities and support environmental sustainability, and some supporting resources can attract tourists.
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Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio J., Araceli Peña-Fernández, Luis Molina, and Pedro A. Aguilera. "The Role of Technology in Greenhouse Agriculture: Towards a Sustainable Intensification in Campo de Dalías (Almería, Spain)." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010101.
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Campo de Dalías, located in southeastern Spain, is the greatest European exponent of greenhouse agriculture. The development of this type of agriculture has led to an exponential economic development of one of the poorest areas of Spain, in a short period of time. Simultaneously, it has brought about a serious alteration of natural resources. This article will study the temporal evolution of changes in land use, and the exploitation of groundwater. Likewise, this study will delve into the technological development in greenhouses (irrigation techniques, new water resources, greenhouse structures or improvement in cultivation techniques) seeking a sustainable intensification of agriculture under plastic. This sustainable intensification also implies the conservation of existing natural areas.
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Mendoza-Fernández, Antonio J., Araceli Peña-Fernández, Luis Molina, and Pedro A. Aguilera. "The Role of Technology in Greenhouse Agriculture: Towards a Sustainable Intensification in Campo de Dalías (Almería, Spain)." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010101.
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Campo de Dalías, located in southeastern Spain, is the greatest European exponent of greenhouse agriculture. The development of this type of agriculture has led to an exponential economic development of one of the poorest areas of Spain, in a short period of time. Simultaneously, it has brought about a serious alteration of natural resources. This article will study the temporal evolution of changes in land use, and the exploitation of groundwater. Likewise, this study will delve into the technological development in greenhouses (irrigation techniques, new water resources, greenhouse structures or improvement in cultivation techniques) seeking a sustainable intensification of agriculture under plastic. This sustainable intensification also implies the conservation of existing natural areas.
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Molina-Pardo, José Luis, Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero, Miguel Cueto, Pablo Barranco, Manuel Sánchez-Robles, Azucena Laguía-Allué, and Esther Giménez-Luque. "Effects of Agricultural Use on Endangered Plant Taxa in Spain." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111097.
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Agriculture is one of the most widespread human activities and has the greatest impact on terrestrial ecosystems, as it transforms natural ecosystems into artificial landscapes using, in many cases, large amounts of pesticides as well as overexploiting natural resources. Therefore, for effective biodiversity conservation, it is necessary to include agricultural systems in conservation programs. In this work, the 50 plant taxa described for Spain as threatened by agricultural use were selected. These were divided according to the type of threat into those affected by crop extension, intensification, or abandonment. In addition, information was obtained concerning their conservation status, level of protection and functional traits (life form, pollination, and dispersal). Finally, the evolution of land use, in the areas near the populations of the selected species, was identified. The selected taxa belong to 21 families and present different life forms and modes of dispersal or pollination. Forty-six percent are endangered (EN) and most are included in legal protection lists. Nearly three-quarters are threatened by crop expansion and land use dynamics, reflecting an expansion of cultivated areas, which adds further pressure to these species. In addition to agricultural expansion, taxa are also at risk, due to important rates of agricultural land abandonment, and mention agricultural intensification. Nevertheless, conservation measures do exist to promote biodiversity in agricultural landscapes that may help to reverse the negative effect of land use dynamics on selected species, but few are specific to threatened flora. Therefore, if threatened plants are to be conserved in agricultural areas, it is necessary to promote a profound transformation of our socioecological systems. One of these transformative changes could come from the human-nature reconnection.
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Vaccaro, Ismael, and Oriol Beltran. "Conservationist governmental technologies in the Western European mountains: the unfinished transformation of the Pyrenees." Journal of Political Ecology 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v17i1.21697.
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In this paper, using a political ecology framework, we examine the impacts of statemaking technologies in several areas of the Pyrenean mountain range, Spain. We describe processes of governmental territorialization in a European, non-colonial setting, stressing their effect on the conceptualization and management of natural resources. Conservation policies are a traditional locus of political ecology: as public policies devoted to natural resource management they embody the interaction between politics and ecology. The article has several analytical goals: a) to shift the emphasis of the political ecological analysis from an explanation of territorialization based on the tension between the first and third world, towards the impact of the conflictive relationship between cities and rural areas, b) to highlight the resilience and creativity of local agency in the face of massive political disruption in the form of public policies, c) to point out to the emergence of European policies and the new leisure economies as key elements of the contemporary reconstruction of the Western mountains, and d) underscore the unfinished character, or the ongoing nature, of the described process of political negotiation of rights of access and control of natural resources.Key Words: political ecology; Pyrenees; conservation; territorial control
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Marrero-Gómez, Manuel V., Angel Bañares-Baudet, and Eduardo Carqué-Alamo. "Plant resource conservation planning in protected natural areas: an example from the Canary Islands, Spain." Biological Conservation 113, no. 3 (October 2003): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(03)00126-5.
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Bulmer, Elena. "THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING STAKEHOLDERS IN A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL CONTEXT, EXAMINED VIA THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PROJECTS." IHERING. CUADERNOS DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 40–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51743/ihering.213.
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There has been to date only limited consideration within the project management discipline of nonhuman actors as primordial stakeholders in projects. However, the inclusion of the roles of nonhuman actors is essential, when we consider that many projects in many areas, both within and outside the field of environmental conservation itself, such as for example in the fields of business and management, depend on natural resources for the development of their products. Despite this, natural resources tend to be overlooked in the stakeholder maps of projects in this wider context. Environmental Conservation projects are themselves especially interesting to study with regards to their stakeholder context and have been used as the experimental setting for the empirical work of this study. The primordial stakeholders of these projects are not social objects and therefore go beyond what are currently generally regarded as the limits of stakeholder theory. The study that has been used to analyse this concept is a marine conservation project based in Spain, whose primordial actor is not human. Unfortunately, these stakeholders being non-human are therefore not able to express themselves, and therefore are rarely purposely included in stakeholder analysis and management approaches, thus limiting comprehensive stakeholder mapping analyses ab initio, and handicapping realistic consideration of nonhuman actors. This study may be extrapolated and applied to the United Nation´s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17, “Partnership for the goals”, with reference to SDG 14, which deals with marine conservation.
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Merchán, Leticia, Antonio Miguel Martínez-Graña, Pilar Alonso Rojo, and Marco Criado. "Water Erosion Risk Analysis in the Arribes del Duero Natural Park (Spain) Using RUSLE and GIS Techniques." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021627.
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Nowadays, soil erosion is a global problem of great environmental and social concern, affecting natural resources, natural spaces and agricultural production. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an erosion risk analysis to estimate the amount of soil lost, as well as to establish possible conservation practices to mitigate this loss. One way of doing this is through the integration of empirical equations such as RUSLE and GIS techniques, giving rise to a mapping of potential and actual erosion, considering the factors that make up this equation. The results obtained indicate that the areas with extreme erosion levels in Arribes del Duero, that is, with the greatest losses (greater than 200 Tm/ha/year), correspond to areas with steep slopes, poorly developed soils such as Leptosols and Regosols and vegetation with little or no vegetation cover. On the other hand, areas with stable levels of erosion (up to 10 Tm/ha/year) are found in flat areas, with more developed soils, such as Alisols and Luvisols, and vegetation with a higher density and herbaceous cover. Finally, it is concluded that the integration of GIS techniques with parametric equations constitutes a simple and economic tool for estimating these losses and, together with land use, allows different mitigation measures to be established, which, in our study area, focus on reducing the length and gradient of the slope, such as contour cultivation, construction of terraces and “bancales”.
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Abellán, Francisco Cebrián, and Carmen García Martínez. "Landscape and Tourism as Tools for Local Development in Mid-Mountain Rural Areas in the Southeast of Spain (Castilla-La Mancha)." Land 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020221.
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The modernization of economic activities in mountain areas is conditioned by the physical characteristics of the territory, the weight of activities related to the primary sector, infrastructure deficits, low population density, as well as the declining and ageing population. The response to this situation has involved implementing a certain degree of functional diversification. One of the aspects that has assisted in the expansion of the tertiary sector is leisure and recreational activities. Rural tourism in European mid-mountain regions has emerged as a key element, supported by local development strategies and changing preferences in demand. In the tourism industry, the resources are the raw material, in which landscape plays a leading role. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the landscape as a heritage and a tourism resource, focusing on its capacity to reactivate depressed rural areas of inland Spain (mid-mountain areas in the southeast of the autonomous region of Castilla-La Mancha). The study is based on opinions provided by tourists and uses a directed survey as an analytical tool. The results highlight the key role of landscape, especially natural landscape, in the use of such areas for tourism. This, in turn, underlines the need for a greater focus on organizing how the landscape is utilized.
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Bonì, Roberta, Pietro Teatini, Claudia Zoccarato, Carolina Guardiola-Albert, Pablo Ezquerro, Guadalupe Bru, Roberto Tomás, et al. "Stakeholders’ Perspective on Groundwater Management in Four Water-Stressed Mediterranean Areas: Priorities and Challenges." Land 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2022): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050738.
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Recent studies highlight the fragility of the Mediterranean basin against climate stresses and the difficulties of managing the sustainable development of groundwater resources. In this work, the main issues related to groundwater management have been identified from the stakeholder’s perspective in the following four representative water-stressed Mediterranean areas: the coastal aquifer of Comacchio (Italy), the Alto Guadalentín aquifer (Spain), the alluvial aquifer of the Gediz River basin (Turkey), and the Azraq aquifer (Azraq Wetland Reserve, Jordan). This has been achieved by designing a methodology to involve and engage a representative set of stakeholders, including a questionnaire to learn their point of view concerning the current management of aquifer systems and their experience with the already available tools for groundwater resource management, such as monitoring networks and numerical models. The outcome of the survey has allowed us to identify both particular and common challenges among the four study sites and among the various groups of stakeholders. This information provides valuable insights to improve the transfer of scientific knowledge from the research centers to the authorities managing the groundwater resources and it will help to plan more effective research activities on aquifer management. The proposed methodology could be applied in other aquifers facing similar problems.
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Blanco-Salas, José, Lorena Gutiérrez-García, Juana Labrador-Moreno, and Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez. "Wild Plants Potentially Used in Human Food in the Protected Area "Sierra Grande de Hornachos" of Extremadura (Spain)." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020456.
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Natura 2000 is a network of protected spaces where the use of natural resources is regulated through the Habitat Directive of the European Union. It is essential for the conservation of biodiversity in Europe, but its social perception must be improved. We present this work as a demonstration case of the potentialities of one of these protected areas in the southwest (SW) Iberian Peninsula. We show an overview of the catalog of native wild plants of the place, which have nutritional and edible properties, having been used in human food by the peasant local population over the last century, and whose consumption trend is being implemented in Europe mainly through the haute cuisine and ecotourism sectors. What is offered here is a study of the case of what kind of positive contribution systematized botanical or ethnobotanical scientific knowledge can make toward encouraging innovative and sustainable rural development initiatives. A total of 145 wild plants that are potentially useful for leading tourism and consumers toward haute cuisine, new gastronomy, enviromentally-friendly recipes, and Natura 2000 Conservation are retrieved. The methodology used for our proposal is based on recent proposals of food product development and Basque Culinary Center initiatives.
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Rivera, Domingo, Javier Balbontín, Sergio Pérez Gil, José María Abad Gómez-Pantoja, and Juan José Negro. "Out of Africa: Juvenile Dispersal of Black-Shouldered Kites in the Emerging European Population." Animals 12, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12162070.
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Knowledge of animal dispersal patterns is of great importance for the conservation and maintenance of natural populations. We here analyze juvenile dispersal of the poorly studied Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus caeruleus) monitored in southwestern Spain in an ongoing long-term study initiated in 2003. The European population of Black-shouldered kites is thought to be a recent one funded by colonizing African birds, as no kites have been found in the European fossil record, and the breeding population has progressively expanded to the North in the late 20th and 21st centuries. We obtained information on movements behavior during dispersal from 47 juveniles Kites after marking 384 nestlings with wing tags and three nestlings with radio transmitter. We have tested two competing hypotheses (i.e., the Resources Competition Hypothesis and the Wandering Hypothesis (WH)) that may explain the leptokurtic distribution of the natal dispersal distance in Elanus. After independence, juvenile females dispersed farther from the natal areas than males, as is common in birds. On average, males and females dispersed from their natal areas over 9 (i.e., 26.15 km) and 15 (i.e., 43.79 km) breeding territories, respectively. A male and two females dispersed further than 100 km from their natal nest. Our results indicated some evidence supporting the competition-for-resources hypotheses since nestlings hatched from high quality territories stayed closer from natal areas than nestlings hatched from low quality territories and also nestlings hatched first within the brood also tend to recruit closer to their natal area than later hatched nestlings which tend to disperse further away from their natal area. The information provided by these crucial demographic parameters will be used for the elaboration of future conservation plans for the management of this colonizing species in Europe.
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Oltean, Flavia Dana, and Manuela Rozalia Gabor. "Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Consumer Profile of Hunting Tourism and Trophy Hunting from Tradition to Protected Areas: Study Case on Romania and Spain." Land 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111218.
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Hunting has major importance from many perspectives: As a product of leisure and recreation, as a tool for conservation and wildlife management, as the main economic activity in rural areas, or as a cultural heritage and traditional activity for countries around the world, especially for countries in Europe and Africa. Therefore, this research fills a gap in the literature and offers a cross-cultural opinion and perceptions of 198 hunters from Romania and Spain. The aim of the paper is to analyze the perceptions and opinions of hunters regarding hunting tourism through an online self-administrated questionnaire by convenience sampling using hunters associations from these countries. Among the values that identify hunting as an activity, hunters highlight the human values (friendship, company, ethics), ecological values (love of nature associated with hunting as a tool to understand and enjoy the natural environment), and social values (resources generated, hobby, effort). The respondents can self-criticize some components and aspects of hunting groups. Hunters believe that the future of this sector is moving towards commercial hunting, associated with purchasing power to ensure results. Regardless of the nationality of the hunters, their values related to this sector are similar.
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Ikemoto, Fumiko, Kosuke Sakura, and Adrián Torres Astaburuaga. "The Influence of Historical Irrigation Canals on Urban Morphology in Valencia, Spain." Land 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070738.
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As one of the fundamental natural resources of life, water and its management within ecosystems has always been the most crucial aspect of any settlement. Prior to urban modernization, water was sourced upstream from rivers or groundwater, supplying settlements, with the runoff being drained further downstream or to sea, creating a series of water flows; our livelihood coexisted with this series. In the rapid city growth led by modernization, due to the creation of uniform and homogeneous new urban areas, water flow became separated for each purpose and began to be specifically manipulated for, and by, human society. This study was designed as one of a series of research projects aiming to highlight the relationship between the historical hydraulic systems and the more recent urban spatial structure, with the focus on Valencia, one of the medium sized cities in Spain. Valencia is ideal as a case study due to the historical mechanisms of hydraulic systems still partially in use, such as irrigation canals in its agricultural regions and sewage canals in its urban areas. In more recent years, the ancient canals and the rivers that were neglected or buried, due to pollution and/or flooding concerns, began to regain significance in the face of the growing interest in and necessity of restructuring green spaces in the city as well as the preservation of the city’s unique identity and history, along with its remaining/evolving ecosystems. The purpose of our research is to interpret the interaction between Valencia’s urban morphology and its historical irrigation systems, particularly its waterways. The target period is from the modernization in the 20th century to their present conditions.
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Martínez-Ibarra, Emilio, María Gómez-Martín, and Xosé Armesto-López. "Climatic and Socioeconomic Aspects of Mushrooms: The Case of Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041030.
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Fungi are some of the most diverse organisms on earth and since prehistoric times have played an important role in human society. In recent years they have become a strategic asset not only in the conservation and management of ecosystems but also as a resource for halting the exodus from rural areas in peripheral Mediterranean regions, such as inland eastern Spain. In view of this important ecological and socioeconomic role, in this paper we present a geographical analysis of edible fungi, paying particular attention to the Spanish case. To this end we carried out a bibliographic review of the climatic factors affecting the fruiting of these fungi and the socioeconomic aspects of their commercial exploitation. We also performed an online search for mycotourism-related activities and explored the statistical data on the cultivation of edible mushrooms and its economic impact. Our main findings include a synthesis of the international research on the effects of climatic variability on the natural production of macrofungi, and an assessment of the economic viability and the social importance of mushrooms in Spain, in particular in relation to the current and future potential of mushroom cultivation and the multifunctional management and use of forests.
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Santa, Fernando, Luis Oscar Aguado, José Vicente Falcó-Garí, Ricardo Jiménez-Peydró, Michael Schade, Vasileios Vasileiadis, Luis Miranda-Barroso, and Francisco Javier Peris-Felipo. "Effectiveness of Multifunctional Margins in Insect Biodiversity Enhancement and RTE Species Conservation in Intensive Agricultural Landscapes." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112093.
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Starting in the 1950s, agricultural production has been remarkably intensified, resulting in modern management systems where a severe increase in field size led to an elimination of edges and other ecologically valuable structural elements. The resulting habitat loss caused dramatic changes in natural communities. The aim of this work is to test whether there are statistically significant differences in insect abundance over time by using multifunctional margins that are seed mixtures of autochthonous species planted in combined strips, which are the fastest way to provide significant biodiversity benefits within farmed landscapes, enhancing the diversity and abundance of insects, birds, and small mammals, offering resources and reservoirs. This study was carried out in three intensive fruit farms in Spain over a three-year period (2013–2015). Each field was divided into two zones: the margin where a multifunctional margin was planted, and another that remained unchanged in the field. A clear trend to increase RTE species throughout the years in all farms was observed. Moreover, the margin showed a significant difference with respect to the field in the average number of insect species and individuals. The use of margins improves the appearance of RTE species in mean percentages ranging between 12.06 and 25.26% according to the sampling area. Margins also favour the increase in species (148.83–232.84%) and individuals (207.24–586.70%) in agricultural landscapes. These results clearly show that margins are an essential tool to fight insect decline in intensive farming areas.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, David, and Iván López. "Effects of Legal Designation and Management of a Multiple-Use Protected Area on Local Sustainability." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093176.
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The designation of protected areas (PAs) entails environmental, social, and economic effects to local stakeholders through access restriction to natural resources. We used a mixed methods research framework that combines time series analysis and stakeholder surveys to elicit objective and subjective effects of legal and managerial designation of Sierra Cabrera-Bedar Natura 2000 site on local sustainability in south-eastern Spain. Firstly, 47 environmental, social, and economic variables for which official time series data were available were assessed using a multiple-paired-Before-After-Control-Impact research design, where “Impacts” were: (1) legal designation of Sierra Cabrera-Bedar as a Site of Community Importance (SCI); and (2) management implementation of the site as an Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The two municipalities having most of their territories in Sierra Cabrera-Bedar SCI/SAC were selected as ‘Cases’, whereas two similar municipalities outside the PA were chosen as ‘Controls’. Additionally, 13 local organisations pertaining to 11 socioeconomic guilds from case municipalities were surveyed on their perceived effects of the designation Sierra Cabrera-Bedar as an SAC on 28 social and economic variables. The effects of legal and managerial protection of the site on local sustainability were unclear although greater SAC sustainability is suggested, even though limited time series availability for the SAC period increases uncertainty. Local organisations perceived mostly limited and negative socioeconomic effects from SAC designation. Disagreement between statistical and perceptual results suggests use of time series analyses for accurate assessment of socioeconomic effects of PAs in Spain.
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Engelmo Moriche, Ángela, Ana Nieto Masot, and Julián Mora Aliseda. "Territorial Analysis of the Survival of European Aid to Rural Tourism (Leader Method in SW Spain)." Land 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101030.
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Due to the problems of the European rural environment, the European Union introduced territorial development strategies called the Leader Method (LEADER Initiatives and the now extinct PRODER Operational Programs implemented only in Spanish territory). The objective was to activate the economic development of these areas, to maintain the population and to slow down the migration and aging processes. During the last 25 years, these initiatives have been implemented in European rural areas, and more particularly in Extremadura, establishing new activities such as rural tourism, which has become the economic backbone of many families, complementing agricultural incomes. The development of rural tourism has led to the implementation of accommodation and catering services throughout Extremadura, adapting to the new tourist demands. However, after 25 years, its sustainability has been very different, with contextual variables that have conditioned its success. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the economic sustainability of the tourism offer financed by Leader and the extinct Proder in order to identify the factors that have determined its success in a territory with very diverse characteristics. For this purpose, a methodology based on two statistical analysis techniques (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) has been designed to establish behavioral patterns through the different context variables used. The results obtained have shown that factors such as investment, location, the presence of protected resources and accessibility are determining factors for the survival of the tourism offer.
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Lucas, J. M., P. Prieto, and J. Galián. "Red squirrels from south–east Iberia: low genetic diversity at the southernmost species distribution limit." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 38, no. 1 (March 2015): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2015.38.0129.
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South–east Iberia is the southernmost limit of this species in Europe. Squirrels in the region mainly inhabit coniferous forests of Pinus. In this study, we analyzed the pattern of mitochondrial genetic variation of southern Iberian red squirrels. Fragments of two mitochondrial genes, a 350–base pair of the displacement loop (D–loop) and a 359–bp of the cytochrome b (Cytb), were sequenced using samples collected from 88 road–kill squirrels. The genetic variation was low, possibly explained by a recent bottleneck due to historical over–exploitation of forest resources. Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by deforestation and geographic isolation may explain the strong genetic subdivision between the study regions. Six new haplotypes for the D–loop and two new haplotypes for the Cytb fragments are described. A Cytb haplotype of south–east Iberia was found to be present in Albania and Japan, suggesting local extinction of this haplotype in intermediate areas. No significant clustering was found for the south–east of Spain or for the other European populations (except Calabria) in the phylogenetic analysis.
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BARRIENTOS, RAFAEL, and BERNARDO ARROYO. "Nesting habitat selection of Mediterranean raptors in managed pinewoods: searching for common patterns to derive conservation recommendations." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 2 (October 29, 2013): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000270.
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SummaryInvestigating habitat selection is a key step in improving the population conservation of forest species in areas managed for different purposes, from timber harvesting to hunting or recreation. Because economic resources allocated to conservation are limited, studies that assess cost-effective strategies are necessary, especially when concerning non-threatened species. We studied nest-site habitat selection of two raptor communities (totalling 245 nests from the five most common species: Short-Toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus, Goshawk Accipiter gentilis, Sparrowhawk A. nisus, Common Buzzard Buteo buteo and Booted Eagle Aquila pennata) in two pinewoods in central Spain separated by 200 km. Using a Generalised Linear Mixed Model for each species and with locality as a random factor, we obtained five models of habitat selection. We highlighted the common nesting patterns in order to facilitate an integrated management of forestry in relation to raptor nesting habitat selection. The most important variable for all species, with the exception of the Sparrowhawk was the nest-tree diameter at breast height, with raptors preferentially selecting nesting trees of large width. Tall trees and a high amount of tree cover around the nesting tree were also important habitat features for several species. Our results suggest that pinewoods should retain unharvested patches with moderate tree coverage (30–70%) containing not only several large trees (diameter at breast height > 40 cm) but also small ones. At the landscape level, open forests and heterogeneous habitats are preferred. These forest patches should be dispersed throughout the landscape.
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Escudero Gómez, Luis Alfonso. "Land at the Service of the Regional Growth Coalition: Projects of Special Interest in the Region of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain)." Land 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080875.
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Neoliberal urbanism land planning has led to the development of public–private coalitions associating common interest with lucrative private enterprise projects. In Castilla–La Mancha (Spain), this regional growth coalition was backed by a spatial planning instrument, known as Projects of Special Interest (PSI). The aim of this article is to analyse the PSI as a paradigmatic example, to study its key points and examine its current dimensions. This case study employs a review of the literature, desk research, content analysis, interviews and observation. The PSI scheme has permitted private initiatives and developments, and privately used public constructions of many different types, reducing timeframes through possible recourse to expropriation, using basic measures of land reclassification, undervaluing the ecosystems involved and even facilitating construction in areas that had previously been declared protected, or where resources such as water are not guaranteed. Despite the failure of many of these projects and the expected economic growth not being realised, the instrument has been revived, as it is directly linked to multinational enterprises investing in the region.
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PÉREZ, IRENE, JOSÉ CARLOS NOGUERA, and EDUARDO MÍNGUEZ. "Is there enough habitat for reintroduced populations of the Lesser Kestrel? A case study in eastern Spain." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 2 (November 30, 2010): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000523.
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SummaryThe Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni is one of the most endangered birds in Europe. Spanish populations have suffered large declines and disappeared from large areas of former distribution, thus leading to many reintroduction programmes. One of the main factors that could affect the population growth of reintroduced populations is the availability of suitable habitat for breeding and foraging. We investigated whether nest site availability is a limiting factor for a newly established population of Lesser Kestrels in eastern Spain. We developed univariate models to understand the relationship between building characteristics (area, height, roof condition, etc.) and occupancy and abundance of Lesser Kestrels, and multivariate models to predict the availability of nest-sites. Our results showed that the species selected medium-sized buildings with extensive land use in the surrounding area and an absence of trees. In addition, Lesser Kestrel abundance was explained by roof condition and distance to the nearest building. Multivariate models predicted that most of the buildings were not suitable for nesting by Lesser Kestrels and thus population growth may be limited due to lack of nest sites. Lack of suitable nest sites, conspecific attraction and Allee effects are all processes that may be limiting, resulting in the low population and colony sizes that were found and predicted. Based on this, we recommend the provision of nest boxes, the use of special tiles and the construction of breeding towers to improve building quality and therefore increase colony size. We also critically question the use of reintroduction projects to restore locally extinct populations for two reasons. First in this case the reintroduced population is near some larger colonies and there is a strong tendency for Lesser Kestrels to move from small to large colonies. Secondly, in a general strategy for the conservation of Lesser Kestrels, conservation of the main colonies is the priority rather than dedicating human and economic resources on manipulative actions for the establishment of new colonies.
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Rodríguez, Carmen, Juan Sevilla, Ícaro Obeso, and Daniel Herrera. "Emerging Tools for the Interpretation of Glacial and Periglacial Landscapes with Geomorphological Interest—A Case Study Using Augmented Reality in the Mountain Pass of San Isidro (Cantabrian Range, Northwestern Spain)." Land 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081327.
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The application of Augmented Reality (AR), a technology that complements and enriches the live view of a place with virtual elements, is a relatively new approach that has been demonstrated to be useful as an educational tool for the interpretation of geological and geographic features. In addition, it is a technology consistent with challenges related to enhancing the geotourism experience in geologically diverse terrains, and consistent with the sustainable use of resources in rural and natural areas. The focus of AR in this contribution is primarily for academic use. Here, we developed a pioneering AR project, at the San Isidro Pass, located in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula, more specifically, in the central-eastern sector of the Cantabrian Mountain range (the Asturian Massif) and the northern slope of the Sierra de Sentiles. This is a high mountain area where the low incidence of Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial erosion has favored the preservation of a great geodiversity. In this case study, the approaches of geology and physical geography as subjects in official university studies have been used as a reference framework. Fieldwork was carried out to design an itinerary, or geotrail, of Points of Interest (POIs), that highlight the geological values of this montane region by visualising and interpreting nine glacial and periglacial landscapes using dynamic graphic resources (animated videos, panoramic and spherical tours and rotating and expandable 3D models combining conventional terrestrial photography and 360° photography, aerial photography, thematic cartography, etc.) composed by graphic processing software. The result is the design of AR tools which could be used by public and private entities as a product suitable for university teaching but also a work that could guide other geoeducational actions or institutional action for official heritage recognition. In isolation, these POIs function as ‘geosites’; when combined in sequence (POI 1 to POI 9), these POIs function as a ‘geotrail’ to highlight the diversity of glacial and periglacial landscapes and their sedimentary deposits; when viewed as an ensemble, POIs combine to be similar to a ‘geopark’ that emphasises glacial and periglacial landscapes and sedimentary deposits.
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Martínez-Graña, Antonio Miguel, Teresa Díez, José Ángel González-Delgado, Juan Carlos Gonzalo-Corral, and Leticia Merchán. "Geological Heritage in the “Arribes del Duero” Natural Park (Western, Spain): A Case Study of Introducing Educational Information via Augmented Reality and 3D Virtual Itineraries." Land 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111916.
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The concept of geological heritage has been introduced into the protected area of the Arribes del Duero Natural Park, which is west of the Salamanca and Zamora Provinces, Spain for the purpose of developing a guide to places of geological and geomorphological interest, through which geoenvironmental itineraries were developed in order to demonstrate to both the students and tourists, the geological context of the events in the geological history of this natural park. Twelve of the most geologically representative geosites were assessed using 18 quantitative parameters dealing with the scientific, didactic and cultural-tourist interest of each site. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the points of interest that are of geoheritage significance and to develop of an inventory that will ultimately facilitate geoconservation and the dissemination of information through educational virtual itineraries that reveal the known geological history of an area. A 3D virtual geological route was created in Google Earth for educational use with superimposed georeferenced cartographies, together with a field guide and an app. The virtual route allows the participants to follow the geological events and the natural history of the park using digital devices in real time with the possibility of observing the relief, the geology and having access to the informative files describing each geosite. Using a field guide, each geosite is complemented with activities, and the participants have the option to evaluate what has been learned. An app makes the itinerary more interactive. These georesources allow a teaching–learning process where the student is an active part of the development and creation of the contents using technologies that provide an entertaining and didactic learning experience, and this involves working as a team and interacting with social networks, thus, potentially influencing the attitudes and skills development that are involved in geoconservation as an element for its sustainable development. The identification of geological heritage currently constitutes a great resource to promote the sustainable development of it and employment in very depopulated rural areas.
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Sánchez-Navarro, Antonio, Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta, Aldara Girona-Ruiz, Iris Alarcón-Vera, and María José Delgado-Iniesta. "Rapid Response Indicators for Predicting Changes in Soil Properties Due to Solarization or Biosolarization on an Intensive Horticultural Crop in Semiarid Regions." Land 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010064.
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Agriculture practices developed since the middle of the last century have led to the degradation of different resources and made it necessary to promote agricultural models that are less aggressive towards nature. Sustainable agricultural growth requires a more efficient use of land. An experimental model was designed with four treatments in the Campo de Cartagena area (SE Spain): biosolarization with manure (BSM), biosolarization with brassicas (BB), solarization (S), and a pilot test (PT). The general objective was to determine by means of rapid response indicators the changes occurring in soil properties as a consequence of the implementation of these solarization or biosolarization practices and their influence on the quality and yield of a lettuce crop. The results show that there was no significant response in the physical and biological properties of the soil. Physicochemical properties such as pHw, and electrical conductivity (ECe), as well as chemicals such as total nitrogen (TN) and the content of some macro and micronutrients, can be considered as rapid response indicators. The highest yields (Yc) and highest commercial quality (Mc) of lettuce were obtained in the BB and BSM treatments (Yc > 23,000 kg ha−1; Mc > 413 g). These treatments resulted in biological NO3− sequestration and, in the case of BB, salt immobilization (ECe: 6 dS m−1). According to these results, BSM and BB can be recommended for sustainable agriculture and even as valid methods for the recovery of soils affected by salts and NO3−. Our results should increase the feasibility of these techniques in semiarid areas.
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C., Rosell, and F. Llimona. "Human–wildlife interactions." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35, no. 2 (December 2012): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2012.35.0219.
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219Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35.2 (2012)© 2012 Museu de Ciències Naturals de BarcelonaISSN: 1578–665XRosell, C. & Llimona, F., 2012. Human–wildlife interactions. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 35.2: 219–220. The nature of wildlife management throughout the world is changing. The increase in the world’s human population has been accompanied by a rapid expansion of agricultural and urban areas and infrastructures, especially road and railway networks. Worldwide, wildlife habitats are being transformed and fragmented by human activities, and the behavior of several species has changed as a result of human activities. Some species have adapted easily to urban or peri–urban habitats and take advantage of the new resources available. These data provide the context for why human–wildlife interactions are increasing. At the 30th International Union of Game Biologists Congress held in Barcelona in early September 2011, in addition to two plenary presentations, 52 authors from 12 different countries and three continents presented 15 papers in the Interactions of Humans and Wildlife Session, three of which are included in this volume. To some extent, all the papers reflected the inherent difficulty in solving the complex problems caused either by rapidly increasing species that begin to inhabit urban and agricultural areas in numbers not seen previously (e.g. coyo-tes, Canis latrans, inhabiting big cities; wild boar, Sus scrofa, across western Europe; wood pigeons, Columba palumbus, in France), or species whose populations are threatened by human activities (e.g., Eurasian Lynx, Lynx lynx, in the Czech Republic). Some papers addressed the contentious issue of predator control (e.g., gamebirds in Great Britain), while others presented data regarding how human activities influenced animal behavior (e.g., pink footed geese, Anser brachyrhynchus; and red deer, Cervus elaphus, in Germany). The papers presented at the congress show how human activities affect the distributions and dynamics of wildlife populations and also change the behavior of some species. Wildlife causes social and economic con-flicts by damaging agricultural and forest resources, bringing about traffic collisions, and creating problems for residents in urban areas; while many are increasingly distant from nature and may not accept the presence of wildlife others may actively encourage the presence of wild animals. The first paper in this volume, by Cahill et al. (2012), analyzes the management challenges of the increasing abundance of wild boar in the peri–urban area of Barcelona. This conflict has arisen in other large cities in Europe and elsewhere. The presence of the species causes problems for many residents, to such an extent that it is considered a pest in these areas. Wild boar habituation has not only been facilitated by population expansion, but also by the attitudes of some citizens who encourage their presence by direct feeding. This leads to wild boar behavior modification and also promotes an increase in the fertility rate of habituated females, which are significantly heavier than non–habituated females. Public attitudes regarding the species and harvesting methods (at present most specimens are removed by live capture and subsequently sacrificed) are highlighted as one of the key factors in the management of the conflict. The second paper provides an example of how the distribution of irrigated croplands influences wild boar roadkills in NW Spain (Colino–Rabanal et al., 2012). By modeling the spatial distribution of wild boar collisions with vehicles and using generalized additive models based on GIS, the authors show that the number of roadkills is higher in maize croplands than in forested areas. This factor is the main explanatory variable in the model. The paper provides an excellent example of how the synergies of diverse human elements in the landscape (maize croplands and roads in this case) affect the location and dimensions of these types of conflicts. The third and final paper, by Belotti et al. (2012), addresses the effects of tourism on Eurasian lynx movements and prey usage at Šumava National Park in the Czech Republic. The monitoring of 5 GPS–collared lynxes and analyses of data regarding habitat features suggests that human disturbance (proximity of roads and tourist trails) can modify the presence of lynxes during the day close to the site where they have hidden a prey item, such as an ungulate, that can provide them with food for several days. In such cases, adequate management of tourism development must involve a commitment to species conservation. The analyses and understanding of all these phenomena and the design of successful wildlife management strategies and techniques used to mitigate the conflicts require a good knowledge base that considers informa-tion both about wildlife and human attitudes. The papers presented stress the importance of spatial analyses of the interactions and their relationship with landscape features and the location of human activities. Species distribution and abundance are related to important habitat variables such as provision of shelter, food, comfor-table spaces, and an appropriate climate. Therefore, it is essential to analyze these data adequately to predict where conflicts are most likely to arise and to design successful mitigation strategies. The second key factor for adequate management of human–wildlife interactions is to monitor system change. An analysis of the variety of data on population dynamics, hunting, wildlife collisions, and wildlife presence in urban areas would provide a basis for adaptive management. In this respect, in the plenary session, Steve Redpath mentioned the importance of the wildlife biologist’s attitude when interpreting and drawing conclusions from recorded data and stressed the importance of conducting clear, relevant, and transparent science for participants involved in the management decision process, which often involves a high number of stakeholders. All of the papers addressing the problems associated with human wildlife interactions were characterized by a common theme. Regardless of the specific nature of the problem, the public was generally divided on how the problem should be addressed. A particularly sensitive theme was that of population control methods, especially when conflicts are located in peri–urban areas. Several presenters acknowledged that public participation was necessary if a solution was to be reached. Some suggested, as have other authors (Heydon et al., 2010), that a legislative framework may be needed to reconcile human and wildlife interests. However, each problem that was presented appeared to involve multiple stakeholders with different opinions. Solving these kinds of problems is not trivial. Social factors strongly influence perceptions of human–wildlife conflicts but the methods used to mitigate these conflicts often take into account technical aspects but not people’s attitudes. A new, more innovative and interdisciplinary approach to mitigation is needed to allow us 'to move from conflict towards coexistence' (Dickman, 2010). Other authors also mentioned the importance of planning interventions that optimize the participation of experts, policy makers, and affected communities and include the explicit, systematic, and participatory evaluation of the costs and benefits of alternative interventions (Treves et al., 2009). One technique that has been used to solve problems like these is termed Structured Decision Making (SDM). This technique was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. As described by Runge et al. (2009), the process is 'a formal application of common sense for situations too complex for the informal use of common sense', and provides a rational framework and techniques to aid in prescriptive decision making. Fundamentally, the process entails defining a problem, deciding upon the objectives, considering the alternative actions and the consequences for each, using the available science to develop a model (the plan), and then making the decision how to implement (Runge et al., 2009). Although complex, SDM uses a facilitator to guide stakeholders through the process to reach a mutually agreed–upon plan of action. It is clear that human–wildlife interactions are inherently complex because many stakeholders are usually involved. A rational approach that incorporates all interested parties would seem to be a productive way of solving these kinds of problems
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Cobbinah, Patrick Brandful. "Local attitudes towards natural resources management in rural Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-04-2014-0061.
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Purpose – Local support is fundamental in natural resources management (NRM). However, recent studies indicate that NRM in protected areas in developing countries is often faced with local resistance due to its impacts on livelihoods. The purpose of this paper is to examine local attitudes – positive and negative responses – towards NRM in protected areas and implications of NRM benefits on local support for conservation of protected areas. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative research method was used for this study. Structured questionnaire survey was administered to 310 respondents across four case study communities – Abrafo, Mesomagor, Adadientem and Nuamakrom – around the Kakum Conservation Area (KCA), Ghana. χ2 test and logistic regression were used to analyse the data with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Findings – Findings showed positive attitudes towards NRM in protected areas (85.9 per cent) and high support for conservation of KCA (86.5 per cent). Respondents recognised the importance of the KCA in managing natural resources especially forest and water resources. Positive attitudes towards conservation of KCA were largely influenced by receipt of socio-economic benefits from the KCA, in terms of employment, income and involvement in KCA management. However, those excluded from socio-economic benefits from the KCA also expressed positive attitudes towards conservation, suggesting that support for NRM transcends socio-economic benefits. On the other hand, local people recognised the challenges associated with NRM in protected areas such as increased farm raids by wildlife, loss of access to timber and non-timber forest products. Originality/value – This paper has revealed that although socio-economic benefits from NRM in protected areas influence local people’s support for conservation, local knowledge of the environmental benefits is equally important. The depth of local knowledge of NRM in the KCA is dependent on educational status and level of involvement of respondents in the KCA in terms of employment, and the effectiveness of educational campaigns by the park officials. Therefore, in the absence of clear development programmes from government and park officials to educate and involve local people in NRM, it appears the conservation objective upon which NRM in protected areas are designed may not be realised.
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Garg, Aashee, and Anusha Agarwal. "Energy Conservation in Households in Urban Areas in India." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 2 (September 27, 2015): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.321.
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India, as a country is very rich in terms of natural resources however as citizens, we have not respected this fact and have been continuously exploiting nature’s gift to mankind. Further as the population is ever increasing, the load on the consumption of resources is unprecedented. This has led to the depletion of natural resources such as coal, oil, gas etc., apart from the pollution it causes. It is time that we shift from use of these conventional resources to more effective new ways of energy generation. We should develop and encourage usage of renewable resources such as wind and solar in households to conserve energy in place of the mentioned nonrenewable energy sources. This paper deals with the most effective ways in which the households in India can conserve energy thus reducing effect on environment and depletion of limited resources.
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Quirós-Arias, Lilliam. "ourism, natural protected areas, conservation, land management, Costa Rica." Revista Geográfica de América Central 1, no. 58E (June 30, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.58-2.5.
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Ever since the 1980s, conservation-related tourism has been particularly important in Costa Rica. The interest in enjoying and being part of nature brought a signifcant change to how tourism is practiced. The country hosts a great wealth of natural and cultural resources, as well as rural landscapes characterized by protected areas and surrounded by natural landscapes and local communities. This document reviews the experience of Santa Rosa National Park, located in the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG)—an area with emerging tourism development and natural attractions as its main resource. The participation and integration of local communities are part of recent concerns. Our methodology includes a review of secondary information and frst-person interviews with townspeople. Moreover, information was gathered on-site through different visits to the area of study. The ACG is one of the protected areas that hosts important resources for research; however, increasing conservation in neighboring areas and incorporating the local community still represents a challenge.
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Olmos-Martínez, Elizabeth, Heidi Leticia Romero-Schmidt, María del Carmen Blázquez, Camilo Arias-González, and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio. "Human Communities in Protected Natural Areas and Biodiversity Conservation." Diversity 14, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060441.
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Using socioecological concepts and within a historical biodiversity conservation context, this research study reviews the main interactions between human communities and protected natural areas (PNAs) to describe their different stages over time and assess the implications arising from climate change. The review suggests that both society and governments have raised awareness and interest regarding the importance of biodiversity conservation. The interactions of human communities in these areas have had different effects on biodiversity use, management, and conservation. Local communities have historically developed traditional uses of natural resources that allow them to remain over time and conserve them. Thus, the interest in PNAs as a conservation instrument has increased worldwide. Regarding climate change, this study found evidence indicating that PNAs may act as buffer barriers to prevent biodiversity loss and mitigate the impacts of extreme events; nevertheless, a great variation can be expected. The magnitude of the impacts on human communities, levels of vulnerability, and resilience capacity of PNAs facing climate change (CC) rely on many factors, such as location, extent, composition, management, and ecology of a given protected area. Therefore, the new scenarios that CC may bring are challenging current systematic conservation planning and traditional management methods of the natural resources that are vital for people. Finally, the authors suggest that society is increasingly aware of PNAs as one of the best tools humans have to prevent biodiversity loss, and potentially buffer the effects of CC. These increases in social awareness of biodiversity conservation importance and PNAs are gratifying and spread optimism about the future that next generations may face.
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Perga, T. "Theodore Roosevelt’s Policy in the Field of Ecology: Conservation Natural Resources." Problems of World History, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-2-5.
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The article examines the principles and directions of the state policy of the USA on the nature protection in the early XX century, which is named conservation. It was determined that its precondition is the growing attention to wildlife of American philosophers, artists, writers, scientists who contributed to the formation of ecological consciousness in society. The article analyses the role of the USA President T. Roosevelt in development of conservation policy and its main areas: creation of public land reserve, including national forests and parks, forest conservation, water resources, reclamation of arid areas, initiating of various commissions that have to audit natural resources of the USA. The role of Governors’ Meeting (1908) and the National Congress on Conservation (1909) in the activization of the movement for conservation of natural resources in the United States is considered. It is proved that President Т. Roosevelt formulated the ideals of the American society on nature conservation, based on the values of civilization, patriotism and social morality, which became the basis of environmental policy in late XX – early XXI century.
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Chigonda, Tanyaradzwa. "More than Just Story Telling: A Review of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilisation from Precolonial to Postcolonial Zimbabwe." Scientifica 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6214318.
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Access to natural resources has changed over the years in Zimbabwe. At least three broad periods of biodiversity conservation, utilisation, and access can be identified in the country, namely, the precolonial, colonial, and postindependence periods. This paper reviews the relationships between human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the rural areas of Zimbabwe during these periods and is informed by an extensive review of the relevant literature. A combination of historical narrative, thematic, and content analysis was used in analysing the various documents into meaningful information addressing the objective of the study. Traditional societies in precolonial Zimbabwe had access to abundant natural resources. However, access to these resources was not uncontrolled, but was limited by traditional beliefs, taboos, and customs enforced through community leadership structures. The advent of colonialism in the late 19th century dispossessed indigenous African communities of natural resources through command-type conservation legislation. At independence in 1980, the new majority government sought to redress the natural resource ownership imbalances created during colonialism, culminating in some significant measure of devolution in natural resource management to local communities in the late 1980s, though such devolution has been criticised for being incomplete. An accelerated land reform exercise since the year 2000 has adversely affected biodiversity conservation activities in the country, including the conservation-related livelihood benefits derived from protected areas. The review paper highlights the need for a more complete devolution of natural resource ownership and management down to the grassroots levels in the communal areas, if social and ecological sustainability is to be fully realised in these areas. On the other hand, the disruption of conservation activities in the country due to the ill-planned accelerated land reform exercise that has demarcated land for arable farming in some of the protected areas should be held in check as a matter of urgency.
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Komang Gede Pramantara, I. Made Minggu Widyantara, and I. Wayan Arthanaya. "Peran Polisi Kehutanan dalam Perlindungan Satwa Liar (Studi Kasus di Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Bali)." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.3.1.4741.182-187.
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Irresponsible actions that can cause damage to nature reserves and conservation areas where there is rampant hunting of protected wildlife that can damage the ecosystem. Forestry Police at the Natural Resources Conservation Center as law enforcers who have the duty and authority to protect and implement forest, plant and animal security. The purpose of this research is to address the causes of wildlife violations in Bali's natural resource conservation areas, as well as to find out how the role of the forest police from the Bali Natural Resources Conservation Center is in protecting wildlife in Bali's natural resource conservation areas. The research uses empirical research methods using a sociological juridical approach. The form of data used is Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary data. To find out the results in this study, data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the Forestry Police who are at the Bali BKSDA carry out patrols and monitoring in nature, protect the community, install warning boards, make captive areas, coordinate with related agencies and carry out socialization.
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Zurk, Lisa M., Helen H. Ou, Scott Schecklman, and Ayal Lutwak. "Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Conservation Areas." Marine Technology Society Journal 48, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.48.6.7.
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AbstractThis paper introduces underwater sensing technologies for acoustic monitoring of marine conservation areas. Small networks of individual passive acoustic sensors have been deployed to investigate a low-cost solution for monitoring motorized vessels and marine ambient noise in large areas. A data processing package, called “Conservancy-Watch,” is introduced for environmental management and conservation of natural resources. The package includes passive sensing database creation, ambient noise monitoring to identify long-term trends and impacts, classification of organic and boat vessel events, detection of marine mammals and estimation of their call density, and detection of motorized vessels. Test results on data collected at several conservation sites in Hawaii have confirmed the detection capability of individual hydrophone sensors.
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Habchak, N. "Geographical factors for rural tourism Transcarpathian region." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 1, no. 43 (October 19, 2013): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.43.1585.
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The article analyzes the essence of ecotourism and its development within the conservation areas. It is proved that its spontaneous manifestation would impede the conservation of natural landscapes and underlines the need of efficient use of ecotourism resources. Key words: ecotourism, conservation areas, ecotourism product.
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DELIBES-MATEOS, MIGUEL, MIGUEL ÁNGEL FARFÁN, JESÚS OLIVERO, and JUAN MARIO VARGAS. "Impact of land-use changes on red-legged partridge conservation in the Iberian Peninsula." Environmental Conservation 39, no. 4 (May 18, 2012): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000100.
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SUMMARYRed-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) populations have significantly declined in the Iberian Peninsula (by > 50% between 1973 and 2002). This decline has been attributed to the drastic changes that have occurred in traditional agricultural landscapes, among other factors. This paper assesses the relationship between landscape change and the changes in areas favourable to partridges. The areas favourable to partridges in Andalusia (southern Spain), and the environmental and land-use factors that determined these areas, were identified for both the 1960s and the 1990s. Land-use changes were analysed both throughout the study area and for areas where favourability for partridges has either improved or worsened during recent decades. Both the location and the factors determining areas favourable to red-legged partridges have changed substantially over recent decades. In the 1960s, areas favourable to partridges were associated mainly with natural vegetation in mountainous areas, whereas, by the 1990s, favourable areas were associated with large low-lying croplands; such change may be attributable to regional land-use changes. The percentage area of the main natural vegetation variables positively correlated to partridge favourability in the 1960s model (mainly pastures and open scrubland) had decreased in areas that had become unfavourable to the species (such as mountain areas), and risen where partridge favourability increased. By the 1990s, the land area favourable to partridges had decreased by c. 10% (c. 6000 km2) in southern Spain, whereas land use unfavourable to partridges markedly increased (> 100%; an increase of c. 3000 km2). Landscape suitable for partridges has thus become severely impoverished over recent decades in the Iberian Peninsula. Management measures aimed at improving the landscape for farmland birds should be encouraged to conserve red-legged partridge populations in southern Spain.
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Kauano, Érico E., Jose M. C. Silva, and Fernanda Michalski. "Illegal use of natural resources in federal protected areas of the Brazilian Amazon." PeerJ 5 (October 10, 2017): e3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3902.
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Background The Brazilian Amazon is the world’s largest rainforest regions and plays a key role in biodiversity conservation as well as climate adaptation and mitigation. The government has created a network of protected areas (PAs) to ensure long-term conservation of the region. However, despite the importance of and positive advances in the establishment of PAs, natural resource depletion in the Brazilian Amazon is pervasive. Methods We evaluated a total of 4,243 official law enforcement records generated between 2010 and 2015 to understand the geographical distribution of the illegal use of resources in federal PAs in the Brazilian Amazon. We classified illegal activities into ten categories and used generalized additive models (GAMs) to evaluate the relationship between illegal use of natural resources inside PAs with management type, age of PAs, population density, and accessibility. Results We found 27 types of illegal use of natural resources that were grouped into 10 categories of illegal activities. Most infractions were related to suppression and degradation of vegetation (37.40%), followed by illegal fishing (27.30%) and hunting activities (18.20%). The explanatory power of the GAMs was low for all categories of illegal activity, with a maximum explained variation of 41.2% for illegal activities as a whole, and a minimum of 14.6% for hunting activities. Discussion These findings demonstrate that even though PAs are fundamental for nature conservation in the Brazilian Amazon, the pressures and threats posed by human activities include a broad range of illegal uses of natural resources. Population density up to 50 km from a PA is a key variable, influencing illegal activities. These threats endanger long-term conservation and many efforts are still needed to maintain PAs that are large enough and sufficiently intact to maintain ecosystem functions and protect biodiversity.
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Yeşil, Murat. "Doğa Koruma Yaklaşımlarındaki Değişimlerin Dünyada ve Türkiye’deki Tarihsel Süreci." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 10 (October 6, 2016): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i10.867-876.658.
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In today’s world, nature conservation and the notion of protected area are of vital importance for the living. Therefore, humankind started to take important steps for conservation of natural areas and preventing deterioration. Nature conservation studies dating back to old times in the world, was put in the agenda in our country after long years. Various protected area status were designated to the areas havin high resources value in our country, and these areas were put under protection by various laws. Some of this conservation status was formed based on the national legislation, and some based on the international conventions. Nowadays, promising actions are taken for sustainable use of biologic diversity and other significant natural resources. In this study; changes and developments in approaches to nature conservation in the world and in our country throughout the history were investigated, and the current situation in Turkey and in the world was revealed.
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Yakymchuk, Alina. "THE GLOBAL COOPERATION IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4773.
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In this paper the prospects and opportunities of improving of conservation at the global level have been studied. The sources and amounts of financing of natural protected areas have been analyzed. The possibility of increasing efficiently use financial resources has been considered. The categorical apparatus of the concept of "biological diversity" has been improved. The author's own concept of biodiversity has been given. It is shown that the current system of conservation is not entirely effective and should be adjusted globally. The mechanisms for intensifying global cooperation in the field of biodiversity conservation have been ordered. The main directions of solving the problem of preservation of the gene pool and cooperation in this sphere have been ordered. An important task has economic incentives for the maintenance of the natural state of natural protected areas.
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Šijačic-Nikolic, M., M. Nonić, M. Perović, I. Kerkez Janković, and J. Milovanović. "Conservation of forest genetic resources through the example of native Quercus species from the “Košutnjak” park forest in Serbia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012002.
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Abstract Given the importance of urban park forests and protected natural areas in the urban environment, the implementation of the concept of genetic conservation is one of the main ways to save and improve this category of natural resources. Forests such as Košutnjak can be considered a refuge for flora and fauna and by establishing conservation programs for certain species, the entire ecosystem would be better protected. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate a systematic approach to in situ conservation of forest genetic resources in urban areas through the example of four native oak species: pedunculate oak, sessile oak, Hungarian oak and downy oak in the protected natural area “Košutnjak” in the capital of Serbia – Belgrade, to develop replicable conservation guidelines for urban park forests. The methodological framework for the development of guidelines for genetic conservation, presented in this paper, is a replicable model whose basic principles can be applied in other cases of urban park forests.
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Degembaeva, Nadira, Ermek Baibagyshov, Nazgul Ibraeva, Narynkul Chorobaeva, Kuban Akmatov, Nursultan Ismailov, Barchynbek Ayipov, and Florian Betz. "The Status of the Riparian Forests in the Naryn Valley of Kyrgyzstan: Conservation and Sustainable Development." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 05, no. 01 (March 27, 2022): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.050105.
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Conservation and restoration of riparian forests are important for strengthening river banks and preserving biodiversity as well as for mitigating impacts of climate change. Increasing temperature and climate variability, flooding and drought, alteration of the intensity of precipitation and melting glaciers in high mountain areas affect the physical condition of natural resources as well as natural hazards. Climate change might cause larger and potentially hazardous summer floods. The temporary storage of floodwaters in the floodplain areas reduces the flood risk downstream. In this paper, the current state of natural resources and the benefits of mountain floodplain forests is investigated. The satellite imagery was used to study the landscape changes for mapping the investigation areas. The assessment of changes is necessary for the further development of restorative plan for floodplain rivers. The results provide information on options for management and provide assistance to the local authorities engaged in the integrated management of natural resources.
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Hidalgo, Amalia Fernández, Rafael Enrique Hidalgo-Fernández, Juan Antonio Cañas Madueño, and Manuel Arriaza. "APPROACH TO THE ECONOMIC VALUE GENERATED IN THE NATURAL PARKS OF CORDOBA (SPAIN)." HOLOS 6 (February 5, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2014.2061.
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The economic valuation of the protected natural parks contributes to a holistic approach of the economy, from the market to the ecological and social perspective, aiming at a sustainable management of the natural heritage as well as reducing its deterioration. It also provides valuable information to policy makers for the protection and conservation of the natural environment. To estimate the recreational use value of the natural parks we applied a revealed preference method and a declared preference method. The results are consistent with previous studies on these types of protected areas.
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Susilowati, Indri Fogar, Tamsil Tamsil, Elisabeth Septin Puspoayu, and Hezron Sabar Rotua Tinambunan. "Authority Reformulation Management of Natural and Biological Resources: Conservation District in Probolinggo." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v8i1.3932.
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The management of natural and biological resources must be carried out by the central and regional governments to seek financing for development. The management of natural and biological resources should synergize with its preservation and the environment. The common problem encountered when managing natural and biological resources lies in its improper management that caused damage to the environment such as doing disharmonize exploitation with environmental interest. Accordingly, This study employed a sociological juridical study to capture the implications of authority reformulation management of natural and biological resources of the conservation district in Probolinggo. The findings revealed that the management reformulation of Natural and biological resources Management results in the limitation of regional authority in managing their natural resources. This was certainly different from the concept mandated by regional autonomy. Thus, It is feared that this will affect the development plans carried out in the area, affecting the welfare of the community. As a conservation district, Probolinggo Regency has tried to optimize the regional potential in the development of conservation-minded areas. This commitment is written in regional regulations, regulating not only the use of natural and biological resources but the clarity of regional authority in managing these resources as well
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SANTOS, MARIA J., and JAMES H. THORNE. "Comparing culture and ecology: conservation planning of oak woodlands in Mediterranean landscapes of Portugal and California." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 2 (April 12, 2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000238.
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SUMMARYMediterranean ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots, however translating conservation need into implementation has been hindered by their function as working landscapes that integrate both human and natural components. This paper compares oak woodland working landscapes in California and Portugal: can conservation policy be reshaped to conserve Mediterranean oak woodland ecosystems with differing sociopolitical cultural contexts? Each oak woodland's cultural-historical legacy and socioecological system (SES) is described, and how each system can cross-inform improvements to conservation policies is assessed. The SES analysis shows that oak woodlands are managed to maximize revenue from one or more of four resources: forestry, rangeland, agriculture and natural areas. Sustainability of extractable resources may be threatened by replacement rate, land-use history and interdependence with other resources. Non-extractable resources (natural areas) are more volatile and sustainable management is dependent on the voluntary nature of collective-choice rules. Conservation planning and implementation require attention to the characteristic heterogeneity of oak woodlands and to the processes that generate biodiversity, such as fire and regeneration. Conservation plans should aim for the preservation of oak woodland functions (for example multiple use systems) and cultural characteristics (such as keeping people on the land), and governmental and public recognition of the value of preserving these woodlands.
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Singh, Kiran. "WOMEN AND THEIR ROLE IN NATURAL RESOURCES: A STUDY IN WESTERN HIMALAYAS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i10.2015.2938.
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Women roles in Himalayas put women in direct contact with natural resources such as forests, water, land and wildlife. They utilize and conserve these resources to supply basic needs for their families. Therefore conservation of natural resources in rural areas cannot be done without the involvement and training of women. They need to be educated on the values, management and sustainability of natural resources as alternative sources of livelihood. But to have success, they must only be appreciated as invisible land managers, but must benefit from relevant incentives in their cultural roles. This paper examines the roles of women in natural resource conservation, since their traditional activities bring them into daily interaction with natural resources, their impacts, attitudes and belief on the management, exploitation and sustainability of natural resource is critical for resource use and sustainability.
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Cudlín, Ondřej, Vilém Pechanec, Jan Purkyt, Karel Chobot, Luca Salvati, and Pavel Cudlín. "Are Valuable and Representative Natural Habitats Sufficiently Protected? Application of Marxan model in the Czech Republic." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010402.
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The joint impact of human activities and climate change on natural resources lead to biodiversity loss. Therefore, it is important to select protected areas through systematic conservation planning. The present study assessed how representative natural habitats are protected under the nature conservation network, and to identify new—but so far insufficiently—protected areas containing these habitats for sustainable management. We used the Marxan model to select the most valuable insufficiently protected natural habitats in the Czech Republic as a representative example for a conservation strategy for Central–Eastern European environments. We set three conservation targets (25%, 50%, and 75%), defining how much percent area of valuable representative natural habitats should be added to the area of the habitats already included in the Nature Protection Network. To implement these conservation targets it is necessary to preserve 22,932 ha, 72,429, ha and 124,363 ha respectively of the conservation targets occurring in the insufficiently protected areas, and 17,255 ha, 51,620 ha, and 84,993 ha respectively of the conservation features in the areas without protection status. Marxan was revealed to be an appropriate tool to select the most valuable and insufficiently protected natural habitats for sustainable management.
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Marian, Zaharia, Rodica-Manuela Gogonea, and Daniela Ruxandra Andrei. "Protected Natural Areas and Sustainable Development." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2015010101.
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The process of tourism development has come to include, step by step, the expansion potential of areas where it could be practiced in less accessible natural spaces, which are more problematic from the point of view of tourist penetration and the organization of tourism activities. In this context, making tourism under the umbrella of this concept of expansion, has led, on the one hand, to the expansion of protected natural areas, to their advertising and implicitly to the increase of demand for this type of tourism, and, on the other hand, to the amplification of danger posed to the integrity of the ecosystems included in the tourism circuit. The paper, starting from the actual context of sustainable development, highlights the fact that the tourism potential of protected natural areas constitute an important factor for sustainable development only, if is doing in condition of responsibility and respect for environmental conservation and regeneration of environmental resources
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Guamba, José Manuel Elija. "MANAGEMENT OF CONSERVATION AREAS WITH PARTICIPATION OF COMMUNITIES IN MOZAMBIQUE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.2990.
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This article discusses the challenges of managing conservation areas; in search of new institutional instruments and mechanisms that make effective conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems in protected areas. The management of conservation areas in some countries has been made from a growing demand for involvement of stakeholders and communities in decision-making in the process of managing natural resources. There are three issues surrounding the debate on participatory management of conservation areas, namely: the distribution of authority and responsibilities in the decision-making process; distribution of benefits and sustainability (ecological, social and economic).
The main reasons that justify the management of these areas with the participation of communities are: the restriction on access to resources can compromise the food security of families living there and; it is a prerequisite for communities to be able to carry out their activities, to set up joint enterprises with them, or other forms of management that make their participation effective.
The analytical approach was based on the theory of natural resource management and complemented by recent contributions from research in the areas of political sociology, poverty and the environment on the phenomenon of "participation". The local dimension, although the integrative synthesis between the natural and the human, historically and spatially located, makes essential a participatory management of conservation areas in countries such as Mozambique, because it allows the understanding and transformation of social relations that are carried out from a certain mode of production and organization established in a defined space of protection and conservation.
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Squires, Victor, and Haiying Feng. "Socioenvironmental Pathways to Conservation of Natural Resources & Environmental Betterment." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 8 (September 3, 2022): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.98.12991.
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This is an analysis of past and on-going ‘land and people’ management issues in China’s extensive rural areas. Both authors draw on more than 20 years’ experience derived from working in China’s arid northwest and on the ‘roof of the world” on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Worldwide, communities of people have adapted to hot and dry, cold and arid and hot and humid environments. They have shown their adaptability and have made remarkable innovations that enabled them to survive for centuries. But many of the strategies used now, and those unaltered from the past, are inadequate to cope with the fast-changing situation in modern China. The paper is in several parts. We explain some of the terminology around socioenvironmental thinking and its application to the real world with examples from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau – a vast upland in NW China. An attempt is made to show how a better understanding of the interplay of fast and slow variables can help to ensure conservation (wise use) of natural resources and serve the needs of the land users (mainly semi-nomadic herders of yaks, goats, sheep, camels and horses). We suggest that the term ‘situation betterment’ is a more realistic goal and the ‘solving’ the manifold problems (ecological, legal, economic, political and logistic) that beset land users, administrators, policy makers and the law makers. An explanation of the systems approach and its relevance to socio-environmentalism is offered
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Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo, David Draper Munt, and Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz. "Global strategy for plant conservation: inadequate in situ conservation of threatened flora in Spain." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 63, no. 4 (February 6, 2016): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1257105.
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The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) seeks to assess the conservation status of the world vascular plants by 2020, and to guarantee that at least 75% threatened taxa are conserved in situ. A comprehensive evaluation of IUCN categories for 7269 Spanish vascular plants (GSPC Target 2), using distribution data and environmental niche models, is presented. A gap analysis to assess the percentage of threatened plants effectively conserved in situ (considering national parks, plant micro-reserves and recovery or conservation plans) was also conducted (Target 7). The result is that only 44.4% threatened species are subject to an adequate in situ protection. An appropriate management of additional natural protected areas towards the conservation of threatened plants would make Spain meet this threshold, but severe deficiencies should be corrected. The methodology presented here is proposed as a tool to assess the degree of achievement of GSPC targets. This procedure can be quickly implemented and allows an easy evaluation of the progress, as well as the pending tasks in a given period of time.