Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural resource consumption

Academic literature on the topic 'Natural resource consumption'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural resource consumption"

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Verma, Anupam, and Vandana Srivastava. "Natural Resource Consumption and Lockdown." International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub 2, no. 6 (September 20, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjash.2020.41.

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Yakutseni, S. P. "Water: resources, reserves, markets." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 4/2022 (August 25, 2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-4-120-128.

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The article summarizes and analyzes the resources, supplies and markets of the world's main natural resource, i.e. freshwater. The materials prepared and published in the article is based on the author's own analytical and field work. Resources of the high quality natural freshwater are tight: they are and will continue to be subject to ever-increasing demand. Over the last 80 years the total consumption of fresh water has increased by 10 times while the population has grown by a factor of 2.5. The present-day world economy is water-dependent. Main consumption of water is defined by the following four sectors of the global economy: agriculture, energy, industrial production and domestic water consumption. Growth in energy production and consumption is directly linked to increased water consumption. Water supply, wastewater collection and treatment are the leaders in capital gains. Privatization of the world's natural freshwater resources is underway. The task of total dependence of arid states on product supplies from the Golden Billion countries is being resolved. The main natural resource and asset of the Russian Federation, i.e. the water resources, is completely missing from the strategies and doctrines of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.
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Shah, Zar, Khalid Zaman, Haroon ur Rashid Khan, and Awais Rashid. "The Economic Value of Natural Resources and Its Implications for Pakistan’s Economic Growth." Commodities 1, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 65–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/commodities1020006.

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Natural resources and ecological services provide the foundation for manufactured capital, increasing public financing and decreasing inequality by diversifying the economy. The exploitation of natural resources is frequently the backbone of economic stability in developing and middle-income nations. As a result of their importance, natural resources need vigilant and long-term management. Recent research has tested two hypotheses, the natural resource blessing hypothesis and the natural resource curse hypothesis, on the impact of a country’s natural resources on its economy. This research is an essential contribution to the growing body of work that attempts to quantify natural resource endowments’ role in national economic growth. Investigations focus on Pakistan and span the years 1975 through 2020. Robust Least Square (RLS) estimations show that coal rents, energy use, inbound FDI, and oil rents contribute to a country’s economic growth. While consumption of renewable energy sources and industrial value-added have a detrimental effect. Natural resources, foreign direct investment, energy consumption, and industrial ecology are predicted to significantly impact economic growth during the next decade, according to the Impulse Response Function (IRF) and the Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA). The findings may provide helpful information for academic and governmental institutions to develop natural resource management policies for sustainable development.
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VAN IERLAND, EKKO C., and HANS-PETER WEIKARD. "Poverty, environment and natural resource use: introduction to the special issue." Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 5 (October 2008): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08004713.

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A growing population and growing per capita consumption threaten the environment and the natural resource base. Where natural resources are at risk, the livelihoods of many are at risk as well. In May 2006 the Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group of Wageningen University organized a conference on ‘Poverty, Environment and Natural Resource Use’ with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the links between poverty and the natural resource base. The state of the environment affects people's living conditions – and poverty affects environmental quality. Environmental policies cannot be designed and natural resources cannot be managed without appropriate consideration of local people's reactions to those policies and management decisions.
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Derzko, N. A., and S. P. Sethi. "Optimal exploration and consumption of a natural resource-deterministic case." Optimal Control Applications and Methods 2, no. 1 (October 29, 2007): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oca.4660020102.

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Sinivuori, Paula, and Arto Saari. "MIPS analysis of natural resource consumption in two university buildings." Building and Environment 41, no. 5 (May 2006): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.02.022.

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Wiedmann, Thomas O., Heinz Schandl, Manfred Lenzen, Daniel Moran, Sangwon Suh, James West, and Keiichiro Kanemoto. "The material footprint of nations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 20 (September 3, 2013): 6271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220362110.

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Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries’ use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.
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Sakhlecha, Manish, Samir Bajpai, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Sustainability Score of Resource Consumption for Buildings (SSRCB)." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 3 (May 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.290005.

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Building sector has grown as one of the major resource intensive sector. Consumption of resources is at a much rapid rate resulting in possibility of their becoming scarce and may even be their exhaustion. In the evaluation of sustainability of buildings, impact of resource consumption is required to be addressed along with the environmental impacts. Hence it is important to evaluate the scarcity potential of resources at national and local levels for buildings and develop sustainable models for resources that affect sustainability of building sector as a whole. In this paper a simple predictive model for sustainability of resources has been developed; correlating the rate of consumption of natural resources, future demand, and available reserves of resource for building sector at regional level in Indian context. The model calculates the sustainability score of resource consumption for a residential building and emphasizes the need of incorporating sustainability measures, like use of industrial wastes and recycling and reuse of building demolition wastes, in the building sector.
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Schneider, Petra, Lukas Folkens, Andreas Meyer, and Tino Fauk. "Sustainability and Dimensions of a Nexus Approach in a Sharing Economy." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030909.

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Increasing global resource consumption puts the availability of natural mineral resources under significant pressure. One strategy to overcome this trend is the decoupling of economic growth and resource consumption and the application of circular economy approaches. These approaches aim at closing material cycles across sectoral boundaries. Beside these attempts, there are further options for action aimed at minimization of resource consumption through resource sharing approaches. This study investigates resource-saving potentials on different scales namely on a personal scale through sharing goods and services, but also in the frame of industrial symbiosis through sharing of secondary resources at a company scale. The environmental effects have been quantified using life cycle assessment examples for these two simulated cases. The results show for both resource consumption levels, resource savings potentials of up to 2 powers of ten, that can particularly be proven regarding the impact category ‘fossil resource depletion’. The emergence of industrial symbiosis can be identified by six factors: Resource, government, economy, company, technology, and society. The cases simulated in the study are supported by empirical evidence from real-life examples, which consider the mentioned factors.
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Thomas, Tilba, and A. Praveen. "Regulating natural resource consumption in the construction sector using emergy model." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1114, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1114/1/012033.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural resource consumption"

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Morton, Huon [Verfasser]. "Economic development and natural resource consumption in sub-Saharan Africa / Huon Morton." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172414270/34.

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Tochterman, Thomas L. "Environmental Leadership: Exploring Environmental Dissonance Involving Natural Resource Consumption and Ecosystem Degradation." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2624.

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As the corporate world, communities, and individuals become more globalized and demands on natural resources increase, a new emphasis on environmental leadership including a new pragmatic environmental ethos is needed to meet certain basic human needs of future generations. The research problem addressed in this study was the lack of knowledge concerning how environmental cognitive dissonance influences consumption practices related to inefficient resource utilization and ecosystem degradation. The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the breadth and depth of environmental cognitive dissonance among visitors to the Kruger National Park in South Africa. The research questions addressed the development, manifestation, and mitigation of environmental cognitive dissonance. This qualitative case study was designed for a purposeful sample of 12 participants visiting the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Data were collected via structured interviews, field observations, and questionnaires, and then were analyzed using a data spiral and cross case analysis. The dominant findings indicated that (a) awareness of personal values, culture, and perceptions of the environment were responsible for basic attitudes regarding the environment and consumption; (b) wasteful habits, excessive consumption, and market influences were juxtaposed with nostalgic/episodic memories and deep thoughts about personal consumptive habits; and (c) an interactive multisensory experience in a pristine and wild environment changed perceptions and values regarding ecosystems and ecosystem preservation. The results of this study could help stewards of natural resources develop a new understanding of consumptive behavior and a new consumer ethos of stewardship and environmental leadership, one that inspires healthy and sustainable ecosystems.
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Tillotson, Kathryn Helen. "Campaigns, perceptions, and consumption| A mixed methods study of fresh water management in the inland Northwest." Thesis, Washington State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3717503.

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Dwindling freshwater resources are one of the largest challenges facing countries worldwide. For regional and local governments the task of managing fresh water resources falls the hardest. Reduced water quantity directly impacts water quality and thus preventing further depletion of freshwater levels is necessary for meeting existing and forth coming water quality regulations. Thus, finding effective ways to better understand water use at the local or regional level and better ways of communicating pressing water management issues with water users is imperative to the longevity of freshwater resources. Environmental communication campaigns are one way of reaching water users. Understanding water users personal relationship with water resources and nature in general can inform environmental campaigns in multiple ways.

This research provides insight into the ways in which environmental campaigns can be framed to effectively reach the target audience. Two methods of assessing stakeholder perceptions of water resources are also explored. First, systems thinking is used to compare the mental models of water managers and members of the development sector in order to find areas of common interest and importance regarding the management of freshwater resources in the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene Corridor of northeast Washington and northern Idaho. Second, a survey is used to evaluate characteristics of water use for residents in Spokane County, Washington.

This dissertation is centered on three primary research questions: (1) How are environmental communication campaigns framed?; (2) How do stakeholder groups who may appear to have very different values for a shared resource perceive a shared that resource?; (3) How do people's perceptions of nature, environmental issues, and their ability to impact those issues influence the way that they use water? Results of this research show that there are key areas of shared interest between water managers and developers suggesting that long-term water management goals do not have to conflict with the goals of local development. This research also suggests that residents who are willing to perform behaviors to reduce their water use are not necessarily doing so, pointing toward further research questions to bridge the gap between willingness and action.

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Leenes, Popkje Winfrieda. "Natural resource use for food land, water and energy in production and consumption systems /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/298187221.

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Vann, Barry. "Factors Affecting Wood Fuel Consumption and Environmental Impacts in Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1835.

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The purpose of this research is to identify factors that contribute to wood fuel consumption as a space heating source and estimate a county-wide proportion for wood fuel consuming households. In addition, environmental problems associated with deforestation such as erosion and loss of wildlife habitat are delineated; moreover, air pollution resulting from wood fuel emissions are discussed. An exhaustive literature review provided the basis for the study. Data on Warren County wood fuel consumption patterns were derived from a mail survey. Proportion estimates were tested by using a classical two-tail test of hypothesis. Subsequently, factors were identified and used in a multiple regression analysis. The study found that low income households equipped with electric space heating systems located in rural areas are the most wood intensive. Unlike homes equipped with other alternate heating systems, electric space heat equipped households tend to consume wood fuel proportionally to income. The study also found that 26.3 percent of single family residences in the county use wood for space heating.
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Johansson, Susanne. "The Swedish foodprint : an agroecological study of food consumption /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200556.pdf.

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Harris, Neil David John, and n/a. "Corporate Engagement With Planetary Sustainability: The Case of the Non-Renewable Resource Extractive Sector, Australia." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070109.140640.

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It is increasingly being recognised that global natural resource consumption levels exceed planetary limits and that the present trajectory of industrial development is not sustainable. To achieve a more viable existence necessitates a fundamental shift in priorities from the prevailing economic growth-centred, consumer driven philosophy to one that marries aspirations for economic growth with long-term environmental and social considerations. This shift in priorities requires significant contributions and action at the global, national and local levels by the primary 'wheels' of sustainability: government, corporations and civil society. Over the past 100 years, corporations have become the most powerful institution on the planet with both the financial resources and institutional capacity to take the lead role in shaping a sustainable future for humankind. Yet, within and between industry sectors and across geographic locations there has been great diversity in the extent and level of corporate commitment and engagement in societal efforts relating to planetary sustainability. Hence, greater understanding of what drives corporate interest and involvement in ecological sustainability will become increasingly critical to promoting corporate engagement in processes and practices to secure a long-term future for humanity. However, there has been limited explanatory research oriented upon developing an understanding of the processes and factors associated with corporate 'eco-change'. In recognition of this shortcoming in the literature, the present study utilised the case of the non-renewable resource extractive sector of Australia to examine corporate engagement with processes and practices for planetary sustainability. Specifically, it sought to construct and evidence an explanation of the external and internal factors that have promoted and/or retarded corporate engagement with planetary sustainability in the non-renewable resource extractive sector (NRRES) of Australia. Guided by grounded theory methodology, an instrumental case study of the NRRES in Australia was undertaken. The NRRES was chosen as this sector's profile, visibility and activities over the past twenty years have meant it has come under mounting pressure to incorporate the concept and principles of planetary sustainability into its ethos and operations. As such, the sector represents the opportunity to study this phenomenon within a dynamic context of sectoral and corporate responses to evolving societal expectations. The research was undertaken in three phases and the principal research method was in-depth key informant interviews with purposively sampled members of the sector's stakeholder groups. Each NRRES corporation is situated at the centre of a web of interconnected interests or 'stakes' necessitating efforts to balance the various stakeholder interests to maintain the institution's license-to-operate and secure a long-term existence. The thesis constructs an explanation of the societal drivers of NRRES corporate engagement with planetary sustainability, organised as the three categories of government, civil society and the corporate sector. These three groupings of stakeholders have been clustered into the broad category or theme of Activating Engagement, which recognises their collective role as the stimuli for NRRES corporation engagement in processes and practices for planetary sustainability. While the theme of Activating Engagement emphasises the importance and interrelatedness of the roles and actions within and between the three primary wheels of sustainability, of particular note is the evident rise of civil society as a more active societal stakeholder and more salient driver of corporate uptake of social and environmental issues. As the identified external drivers play a critical role in motivating NRRES corporation engagement, it is a corporation's particular characteristics that ultimately determine the extent and level of uptake of strategies to demonstrate corporate social responsibility. The thesis develops an explanation of the internal factors mediating NRRES corporate engagement comprising the factors of leadership, resources, structures, culture and understanding. These factors are conceptualised as the theme of Capacity for Engagement, which identifies their collective importance in a NRRES corporation's preparedness, impetus and capability relating to interest and participation in planetary sustainability. While all of the five factors are seen as essential to meaningful NRRES corporate engagement, the thesis identifies leadership as the most critical factor in Capacity for Engagement. Based on the findings of the research, several explanatory frameworks are developed. These frameworks aid in deepening our understanding of the NRRES corporate engagement process, in particular, the interconnections between the factors impeding and facilitating corporate interest and engagement with processes and practices for planetary sustainability. As such, these frameworks will make a substantial contribution to building our understanding of how the various factors and their components or 'pieces of the puzzle' interact and interrelate with each other to generate corporate engagement. The frameworks are the culmination of the research and, coupled with the more detailed explanations of their constituent factors, enhance our knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of NRRES corporation engagement with planetary sustainability. This enhanced understanding is significant and could be of considerable value in informing and targeting efforts to advance the depth and breadth of NRRES corporation engagement with processes and practices for planetary sustainability. To advance the standing of the study's findings, a series of case studies could be undertaken targeting the investigation of NRRES corporate engagement in other geographic locations and within different industry sectors.
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Harris, Neil David John. "Corporate Engagement With Planetary Sustainability: The Case of the Non-Renewable Resource Extractive Sector, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366179.

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It is increasingly being recognised that global natural resource consumption levels exceed planetary limits and that the present trajectory of industrial development is not sustainable. To achieve a more viable existence necessitates a fundamental shift in priorities from the prevailing economic growth-centred, consumer driven philosophy to one that marries aspirations for economic growth with long-term environmental and social considerations. This shift in priorities requires significant contributions and action at the global, national and local levels by the primary 'wheels' of sustainability: government, corporations and civil society. Over the past 100 years, corporations have become the most powerful institution on the planet with both the financial resources and institutional capacity to take the lead role in shaping a sustainable future for humankind. Yet, within and between industry sectors and across geographic locations there has been great diversity in the extent and level of corporate commitment and engagement in societal efforts relating to planetary sustainability. Hence, greater understanding of what drives corporate interest and involvement in ecological sustainability will become increasingly critical to promoting corporate engagement in processes and practices to secure a long-term future for humanity. However, there has been limited explanatory research oriented upon developing an understanding of the processes and factors associated with corporate 'eco-change'. In recognition of this shortcoming in the literature, the present study utilised the case of the non-renewable resource extractive sector of Australia to examine corporate engagement with processes and practices for planetary sustainability. Specifically, it sought to construct and evidence an explanation of the external and internal factors that have promoted and/or retarded corporate engagement with planetary sustainability in the non-renewable resource extractive sector (NRRES) of Australia. Guided by grounded theory methodology, an instrumental case study of the NRRES in Australia was undertaken. The NRRES was chosen as this sector's profile, visibility and activities over the past twenty years have meant it has come under mounting pressure to incorporate the concept and principles of planetary sustainability into its ethos and operations. As such, the sector represents the opportunity to study this phenomenon within a dynamic context of sectoral and corporate responses to evolving societal expectations. The research was undertaken in three phases and the principal research method was in-depth key informant interviews with purposively sampled members of the sector's stakeholder groups. Each NRRES corporation is situated at the centre of a web of interconnected interests or 'stakes' necessitating efforts to balance the various stakeholder interests to maintain the institution's license-to-operate and secure a long-term existence. The thesis constructs an explanation of the societal drivers of NRRES corporate engagement with planetary sustainability, organised as the three categories of government, civil society and the corporate sector. These three groupings of stakeholders have been clustered into the broad category or theme of Activating Engagement, which recognises their collective role as the stimuli for NRRES corporation engagement in processes and practices for planetary sustainability. While the theme of Activating Engagement emphasises the importance and interrelatedness of the roles and actions within and between the three primary wheels of sustainability, of particular note is the evident rise of civil society as a more active societal stakeholder and more salient driver of corporate uptake of social and environmental issues. As the identified external drivers play a critical role in motivating NRRES corporation engagement, it is a corporation's particular characteristics that ultimately determine the extent and level of uptake of strategies to demonstrate corporate social responsibility. The thesis develops an explanation of the internal factors mediating NRRES corporate engagement comprising the factors of leadership, resources, structures, culture and understanding. These factors are conceptualised as the theme of Capacity for Engagement, which identifies their collective importance in a NRRES corporation's preparedness, impetus and capability relating to interest and participation in planetary sustainability. While all of the five factors are seen as essential to meaningful NRRES corporate engagement, the thesis identifies leadership as the most critical factor in Capacity for Engagement. Based on the findings of the research, several explanatory frameworks are developed. These frameworks aid in deepening our understanding of the NRRES corporate engagement process, in particular, the interconnections between the factors impeding and facilitating corporate interest and engagement with processes and practices for planetary sustainability. As such, these frameworks will make a substantial contribution to building our understanding of how the various factors and their components or 'pieces of the puzzle' interact and interrelate with each other to generate corporate engagement. The frameworks are the culmination of the research and, coupled with the more detailed explanations of their constituent factors, enhance our knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of NRRES corporation engagement with planetary sustainability. This enhanced understanding is significant and could be of considerable value in informing and targeting efforts to advance the depth and breadth of NRRES corporation engagement with processes and practices for planetary sustainability. To advance the standing of the study's findings, a series of case studies could be undertaken targeting the investigation of NRRES corporate engagement in other geographic locations and within different industry sectors.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Parece, Tammy Erlene. "Managing Water and Electricity Consumption in University Residence Halls: a Study on Promoting Voluntary Resource Conservation by College Students." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32717.

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With the worldâ s population growing at a rate faster than the rate at which natural resources are being replenished, the challenge for governments and the worldâ s citizens is how to conserve resources in order to provide a sustainable level of natural resources for the future. Conserving natural resources includes educating the citizens of the world on the connection between natural resource depletion and their levels of consumption of resources, such as energy and water. To help alleviate the increasing burden the worldâ s growing population is placing on natural resources, sustainability should be a part of college studentsâ education in their field of study and in preparing them to become good citizens. This education should take place in the classroom and other activities, including athletics, community organizations, and in their residence life. Teaching students living in on-campus residence halls conservation activities provides information that students can use in their private lives when setting up their own households. On-campus residence halls also provide an opportunity to evaluate any gender differences related to conservation activities since the demographics of the residence halls vary from all-female, to co-ed, to all-male students. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) was the location for a study on promoting environmentally-relevant behavior (ERB) among students residing in on-campus residence halls. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of educational strategies and natural resource consumption by promoting ERB among students living in the residence halls during the spring and fall semesters of the 2009 calendar year. Using the literature on promoting ERB, five different strategies were designed for promoting water and electricity conservation. Each strategy involved different stimuli to promote student participation in ERB. The information provided the students included reasons why ERB was important and specific actions to take to conserve resources. In three of the strategies, students were provided the results of their conservation efforts monthly during the study period. The Virginia Tech Office of Residence Life provided detailed information for the 49 on-campus residence halls, including buildingsâ characteristics such as heating and cooling methods, age, construction, renovation history, square footage, if the buildings contained offices or classrooms, and student population figures. Variability among the buildings was eliminated by comparing these differences, and then a random numbers table was used to assign each of the buildings to one of the five different groups. The strategy for each group was applied to four residence halls -- two dormitories and two Greek Houses, for a total of twenty buildings. In each strategy more stimuli were applied in an effort to produce higher consumption reductions. The Virginia Tech Office of Facilities provided four-years historical electricity and seven-years historical water usage, and provided monthly usage for each building during the study period. Electricity consumption reduction was promoted in all twenty halls but water consumption reduction was promoted only in the dormitories, as the University was unable to track water consumption for any one individual Greek House. The historical data showed that water usage per student was higher in most of the female-occupied dormitories, but no statistical difference was seen with regards to historical electricity usage and gender. Percent change in per student usage â kilowatt hours for electricity and gallons for water â was the calculation used to determine change in ERB. The results of this research showed a general relationship between educational strategies and natural resource consumption reduction over both study periods. However, except for the Greek-House Spring semester results, no statistical significant difference was found between any of the different study groups. Electricity reductions were achieved in seventeen of twenty residence halls during the first semester and in all but one residence hall during the second semester. Water reductions were achieved in five of ten dormitories during the first semester and in six of nine dormitories in the second semester. However, the use of more strategies did not lead to a higher percentage of reductions. During the first semester, a statistically significant difference was found in water usage and gender and the difference did not support a female predisposition for ERB. Decreases were achieved in excess of 10% in the male-occupied dormitories, but only a minimal reduction or increases were achieved in any of the dormitories that included female residents. After the first month of the second semester, similar results were seen relative to gender, so additional posters and prompts were placed in the female-occupied dormitories. As a result, water reductions were achieved in six dormitories with only small increases in the other three, and the semester final results did not show a statistical significant difference between genders. The lack of statistical difference between the study groups could be a result of contamination, the active environmental organizations on campus, or an observational effect. The study was contaminated within the first two weeks of the study period when all residence halls across campus learned of the research and requested their inclusion in the study. Since, the residence halls in the control groups were advised of their inclusion in the study, the students may have demonstrated ERB because of the knowledge they were being observed. A survey sent to the students living in the study residence halls revealed that 94.6% of the students had knowledge of the study, and that 77% participated in ERB. Students showed a propensity for ERB when they were informed on their consumptive behaviorsâ effects on natural resource depletion, and by being provided with actions they could take to change their behaviors. This research did not show that adding strategies of feedback and group leaders to information increased the percentage of consumption reductions in college students residing on Virginia Techâ s campus.
Master of Science
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10

Björklund, Johanna. "Emergy analysis to assess ecological sustainability : strengths and weaknesses /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5794-7.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Natural resource consumption"

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Sociology and anthropology of economic life. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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M, Polimeni John, ed. The myth of resource efficiency: The Jevons Paradox. London: Earthscan, 2009.

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New security frontiers: Critical energy and the resource challenge. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.

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Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural. Energy efficiency resource standards: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, to receive testimony on energy efficiency resource standards, including bill S. 548, a bill to amend the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to establish a federal energy efficiency resource standard for retail electricity and natural gas distributors, and for other purposes, April 22, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Energy efficiency resource standards: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, to receive testimony on energy efficiency resource standards, including bill S. 548, a bill to amend the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to establish a federal energy efficiency resource standard for retail electricity and natural gas distributors, and for other purposes, April 22, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Energy efficiency resource standards: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, to receive testimony on energy efficiency resource standards, including bill S. 548, a bill to amend the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to establish a federal energy efficiency resource standard for retail electricity and natural gas distributors, and for other purposes, April 22, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Zi yuan yue shu, jie gou bian dong yu jing ji zeng zhang: Li lun yu Zhongguo neng yuan xiao fei de jing yan = Resource constraint, structural change, and economic growth : theory and experience of energy consumption in China. Beijing: Ren min chu ban she, 2008.

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University of Victoria (B.C.). Centre for Studies in Religion and Society., ed. Population growth, resource consumption, and the environment: Seeking a common vision for a troubled world. [Victoria, B.C.]: Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, University of Victoria, 1995.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. LNG transportation: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, to harness a game-changing resource for export, domestic consumption, and transportation fuel, June 19, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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Environmental impacts of consumption patterns. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural resource consumption"

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Ackah, Ishmael, and Denis M. Gyeyir. "Saving Today’s Bread for Tomorrow’s Consumption? The Politics of Trade-offs in the Governance of Ghana’s Petroleum Funds." In The Political Economy of Natural Resource Funds, 117–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78251-1_6.

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Küfeoğlu, Sinan. "SDG-12: Responsible Consumption and Production." In Emerging Technologies, 409–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07127-0_14.

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AbstractSDG-12, Responsible Consumption and Production, strives to break the current cycle of economic growth, resource usage and environmental degradation, which has fuelled unsustainable global development for decades. While producing countries bear responsibility for natural resource depletion, pollution and other negative consequences of their production, wealthy countries’ practical and legal responsibilities are significantly high due to their high consumption levels. An increase in consumption is often associated with an improved quality of life, which creates a conflict between the pillars of sustainable development and the environmental well-being of the planet. This issue becomes more complicated since cross-border resource management methods are more controversial than cooperative. This chapter presents the business models of 46 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-12. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
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Aseev, Sergey, and Talha Manzoor. "Optimal Exploitation of Renewable Resources: Lessons in Sustainability from an Optimal Growth Model of Natural Resource Consumption." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 221–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75169-6_11.

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Lucertini, Giulia, and Francesco Musco. "Circular City: Urban and Territorial Perspectives." In Regenerative Territories, 123–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_7.

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AbstractThe United Nation’s 17 Sustainable development Goals (SDG) can be considered as the lighthouse of the great challenges which humanity will be confronted with. Many of these goals are related to our behaviors and our “take, make, and dispose,” namely, the linear dominant economic model that, in the last centuries, is leading to an ongoing increase of resource consumption and, consequently, a huge generation of waste. In fact, the rate of both natural resource consumption and waste generation are urgent issues, especially in the urban and peri-urban areas that will require proper solutions. The city is and will be even more in the future the most affected and the major drivers of resource consumption since it is expected that by 2050 more than 70% of the population will live in urbanized areas, and cities will grow in number and size. It means that land, water, food, energy, and other natural resource are increasingly necessary, but because resources are limited, it is required to change the linear consumption model in a new circular model of use and consumption where waste is avoided. In the last few years, emerged that waste management practices are improving according to the European Waste Hierarchy guidance, but there is still a wide possibility of improvement. This chapter explores, on one hand, what means the circular city, and on the other hand how to build it suggesting some policy recommendations. Considering urban and peri-urban areas as the space of material and people flows, thus optimizing the space used by flows and improving their interactions, it will be possible to construct another step toward circularity. In that view, the circular city acquires an urban and territorial perspective that can be managed with the urban and territorial tools, measures, policies, and plans, able to link also issues like climate adaptation, resilience, and sustainability. Finally, we argue that important work must be done in the immediate future in order to re-think and re-design urban spaces, urban practices, and infrastructures, thus shift from linear to circular city.
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Brown, Charles E. "USA Oil and Natural Gas Consumption Forecasts." In World Energy Resources, 295–308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56342-3_19.

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Vinti, Giovanni, and Mentore Vaccari. "Natural resources. Consumption, pollution, and health risks." In The Routledge Handbook of Waste, Resources and the Circular Economy, 11–19. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429346347-3.

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Wit, Martin P. de. "Africa as Net Exporter of Natural Resources and Pollution." In A Triple Bottom Line Analysis of Global Consumption, 235–39. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003256885-23.

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Furlan, Cecilia, Alexander Wandl, Chiara Cavalieri, and Pablo Munoz Unceta. "Territorialising Circularity." In Regenerative Territories, 31–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_2.

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AbstractNowadays, the circularity concept dominates the debate on resource management in cities and territories. The idea is often used as a vehicle towards a more sustainable socio-ecological transition, based on the circular economy (CE) framework. Unlike other sustainability frameworks, CE originates in ecological and environmental economics and industrial ecology. It focuses on developing an alternative economic and technological model for production and consumption, avoiding natural resource depletion and redesigning processes and cycles of materials (closed-loops). However, when CE is translated to cities and territories, its environmental, economic and design agency is often neglected. On the one hand, it demands to acknowledge the need for a relational understanding of space, place and actors involved and, on the other, to explore the spatial specificity of CE. Therefore, there is a need for a broader theoretical discourse on the CE’s territoriality as the predominant. Research on circular urban and territorial development demands more than merely upscaling industrial ecosystems diagrams and generating circular businesses. Consequently, what is the role of territory in the CE conceptualisation in the urbanism literature? How to interpret territories through the lens of circularity, which tools, methods are needed? Therefore, territory, its role and meaning in the CE contribution to urban regeneration is the key focus of this text.
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Pakrooh, Parisa, and Esmaeil Pishbahar. "The Relationship Between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emissions." In The Economics of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 143–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5250-2_10.

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Garzilli, Francesca, Federica Vingelli, and Valentina Vittiglio. "Shifting Risk into Productivity: Inclusive and Regenerative Approaches Within Compromised Contexts in Peri-Urban Areas." In Regenerative Territories, 51–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_3.

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AbstractRecent international—UN-Habitat and European Environment Agency—and Italian reports have pointed out that urbanization is incessantly expanding at the expense of biodiversity and of rural lands. The radical growth of land consumption and change of land-use contribute to the increase of territorial risks and vulnerability. In particular, such phenomena are more visible within the peri-urban interface, considered as hybrid and malleable areas straddling between city and countryside realities. Even in the absence of a univocal definition, peri-urban is understood as a space where urban expansion occurs. Moreover, it emerges that such space also lacks local governance. Such uncertainty of form, identity and regulation catches the attention of a new urban agenda, which considers the peri-urban the most suitable place where to enact social, ecological and economic challenging changes. In this light, this paper aims to underline how peri-urban areas, although ecologically, socially and weak from a legislation point of view, constitute challenging territories to enact regenerative design and practices. In particular, new policies in sustainable agriculture are considered as potential solutions for the rapid soil consumption in Europe. Therefore, Campania region has been taken as our case study, because the region has a long history of agricultural practices and currently, it is closely linked to risk dynamics. It also represents an emblematic example for its innate exposure to natural hazards (related to its geological nature and geographical location), and for the ongoing man-made risks as causes of ecological and territorial damages. Moreover, land consumption in the region reached a record level in 2019, with 10% of agricultural land lost in a year (corresponding to 140,033 hectares). More than 70% of the consumed lands coincided with areas already exposed to natural hazards, both seismic and hydrogeological (Munafò, 2020). This paper assesses the results of an experimental application developed as part of the REPAiR (This research has been conducted within the framework of the European Horizon 2020 funded research “REPAiR: REsource Management in Peri-urban AReas: Going Beyond Urban Metabolism” [http://h2020repair.eu/]. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688920. This article reflects only the author’s view. The Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains). Horizon 2020 European research project. We argue that the project results underline the relationship between the peri-urban interface and the soil regeneration through eco-innovative solutions. This has allowed us to link the spatial condition of the peri-urban with the production of waste and its subsequent recycle. This paper aims to further explore the research field experimented during REPAiR, expanding the materials available on the peri-urban and adding information with respect to the risk to which these places are linked.
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Conference papers on the topic "Natural resource consumption"

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Lepe Salazar, Francisco, Tetsuo Yamabe, Todorka Alexandrova, Yefeng Liu, and Tatsuo Nakajima. "Family interaction for responsible natural resource consumption." In the 2012 ACM annual conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2223760.

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Reistad, Gordon M., and Thanat Moungkeow. "Total Equivalent Resource Consumption of Residential Heating Systems." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0872.

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Abstract This paper reports on an evaluation of several energy conversion systems utilizing the Total Equivalent Resource Exergy (TERE) method (Zhang and Reistad, 1998). The systems are residential gas furnace and heat pump systems. The TERE method uses exergy as an overall evaluation parameter for energy conversion systems which combines energy and environmental resource (global warming) consumption. The method evaluates the exergy of the fuel, the exergy for the material in the system and the exergy required to recover the total global warming impact caused by CO2 equivalent emissions. This is done for both the energy conversion and production systems. The results illustrate comparisons of the systems for their consumption and their total lifetime impact including global warming. Results of these comparisons, with the assumptions made, indicate that the high efficiency natural gas furnaces have less lifetime impact (greater efficiency) in satisfying a specified heating load as compared to low efficiency natural gas fueled furnaces. Some very high-efficiency furnaces with large blowers may, however, have greater lifetime impact than units that have moderately high efficiencies and smaller blowers. Relative to the three heat pump systems considered, the high efficiency gas furnaces were evaluated to have less lifetime impact than the air-source and direct-expansion, ground-source heat pumps, but more lifetime impact than the vertical ground-source heat pump. The annualized TERE values of the high efficiency gas furnaces are about 94 GJ compared to the greater than 100 GJ of the first two types of heat pumps. The vertical ground-source heat pump has the lowest annualized TERE value of 88 GJ. These comparisons should be viewed in light of the following: • The CO2 recovery exergy assumed here is not a precise value. This recovery exergy does have a major influence on TERE. • The energy requirement and heat pump performance taken in this evaluation is based on one certain location in the U.S., a Northwest region, and the results do not necessarily apply to other locations and climate patterns. • The accurate evaluation of scarce information such as weight and material of each component in the energy conversion systems is difficult; the information used in this evaluation is based on estimations.
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Riyazi, İlgar, Dilek Özdemir, Aslı Cansın Doker, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Dutch Disease and Iranian Economy: Has Orientation to Compulsory Autarky Suppressed the Disease?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01848.

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The discovery of natural resources and its impact on the increase in export revenues is highly likely to affect production, consumption and foreign trade relations of non-natural resources sectors. The inertia condition created by the resource exploration is defined as the curse of natural resources. Additionally, the curse of the resources reveals negative repercussions such as the Dutch Disease, rent-seeking, overconfidence and neglect education. Within this aspect, the Dutch disease can be defined as a mechanism emerging through the discovery of natural resources and its exports, which causes negativity in other export products. As the disease will be expected to come out, war and embargo practices can also be considered to be self-sufficiency in diversity in the local/national economy. In this framework, it is discussed in this study, whether Iran falls to the Dutch Disability, or it is organized by external forces the period between 1980 and 2014. According to findings obtained from the time series analyzes, the natural resource richness was determined in Iran if the presence of the Dutch disease is not strong. In recent years, however, it can be said that the weakness of the disease has led to the war and embargo that Iran experienced especially in self-sufficiency.
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Çevik, Savaş, Ahmet Ay, and Mahamane Moutari Abdou Baoua. "Natural Resources Revenue, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02005.

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The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between natural resources revenue, fiscal policy and economic growth for 35 selected Sub-Saharan African countries. The panel data covering the periods of 1986-2014 was analyzed by using the fixed/random effect model estimation and the panel causality test. We also performed the panel unit root test in order to insure that our variables are stationary. The empirical results indicate that there is insignificant negative effect of natural resources revenue and bad fiscal policy on the economic growth. However, there is significant positive effect of capital formation on economic growth. We also found a bidirectional causality relationship between Natural resources rents and economic growth. There is also unidirectional causality link from government final consumption expenditure to Natural resources revenue and from Natural resources revenue to capital formation. These empirical results mean that Sub-Saharan African countries apply bad fiscal policy to improve the natural resource sector which does not efficiently contribute to the economic growth. This study suggests that countries of Sub-Saharan Africa must apply improved fiscal policy in order to add tax revenue to their total revenue; and they must also use the natural resources revenue in order to invest in other sectors such as education, manufacturing and agriculture.
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Nasuha Daud, Nur, Siti Hafizah Ab Hamid, Chempaka Seri, Muntadher Saadoon, and Nor Badrul Anuar. "Scalable Link Prediction in Twitter using Self-Configured Framework." In 8th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NATP 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120107.

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Link prediction analysis becomes vital to acquire a deeper understanding of events underlying social networks interactions and connections especially in current evolving and large-scale social networks. Traditional link prediction approaches underperformed for most large-scale social networks in terms of its scalability and efficiency. Spark is a distributed open-source framework that facilitate scalable link prediction efficiency in large-scale social networks. The framework provides numerous tunable properties for users to manually configure the parameters for the applications. However, manual configurations open to performance issue when the applications start scaling tremendously, which is hard to set up and expose to human errors. This paper introduced a novel Self-Configured Framework (SCF) to provide an autonomous feature in Spark that predicts and sets the best configuration instantly before the application execution using XGBoost classifier. SCF is evaluated on the Twitter social network using three link prediction applications: Graph Clustering (GC), Overlapping Community Detection (OCD), and Redundant Graph Clustering (RGD) to assess the impact of shifting data sizes on different applications in Twitter. The result demonstrates a 40% reduction in prediction time as well as a balanced resource consumption that makes full use of resources, especially for limited number and size of clusters.
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Zhang, Xiaosong, and Hongguang Jin. "A Novel Chemical-Looping Hydrogen Generation System With Multi-Input Fossil Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94655.

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This paper proposes a multi-input chemical looping hydrogen generation system (MCLH), which generates hydrogen, through the use of natural gas and coal. In this system, a new type of oven, burning coal instead of natural gas as heating resource for hydrogen production reaction, is adopted. Coal can be converted to hydrogen indirectly without gasification. Benefits from the chemical looping process, the CO2 can be captured without energy penalty. With the same inputs of fuel, the new system can product about 16% more hydrogen than that of individual systems. As a result, the energy consumption of the hydrogen production is about 165J/mol-H2. Based on the exergy analyses, it is disclosed that the integration of synthetic utilization of natural gas and coal plays a significant role in reducing the exergy destruction of the MCLH system. The promising results obtained may lead to a clean coal technology that will utilize natural gas and coal more efficiently and economically.
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Takcı, Berkan, and Salim Üre. "Sustainable Business Model Intermodal: Ekol Logistics Example." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02487.

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Intermodal Transport is a system that combines multiple modes of transport, aiming to minimize the disadvantage of each mode while using the advantages of two or more transport modes with maximum efficiency. It provides the advantage of logistics companies by using intermodal transportation services in the competitive market, respecting the environment, as well as providing them with improvements in the cost area, offering more affordable prices to their customers. When our natural resources of Intermodal Transportation, which is a more economical, environmentally friendly, more efficient system, are consumed rapidly, it increases even more in this environment. With this increasing importance, the system tries to explain general information, benefits to natural resources, carbon emission rates, more resource consumption, less risk of accident, examining the information about fixed train and RORO voyages in depth, and using the interview method with the relevant department. Within the scope of this study, the basic issues about the intermodal transportation system, which is in an important position for sustainable logistics, will be explained, and then, within the scope of Intermodal Transportation services carried out by Ekol logistics, RO-RO transportation, block train services and products that are subject to trade are produced or finalized. It tells the consumers how the process is applied in the transportation journey and the benefits provided to the environment, humanity and natural resources while these logistics applications are carried out.
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Clark, Corrie, and Christopher Harto. "Lifecycle Water Consumption of Geothermal Power Systems." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98167.

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Previous assessments of the sustainability of geothermal energy have focused on resource management and associated environmental impacts during plant operations. Within these constraints, studies have shown that overall emissions, water consumption, and land use for geothermal electricity production have a smaller impact than traditional base-load electricity generation technologies. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), geothermal energy generation in the United States is projected to increase nearly threefold, from 2.37 GW to 6.30 GW, by 2035 (EIA 2012). With this potential for significant growth in geothermal electricity production, there is a need to improve understanding of the environmental impacts across the life cycle of geothermal energy production systems. This paper assesses the use of freshwater in construction, drilling, and production activities of various geothermal power plants. Four geothermal technologies were evaluated: air-cooled enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs), air-cooled hydrothermal binary systems, evaporative-cooled hydrothermal flash systems, and air-cooled geopressured systems that coproduce natural gas. The impacts associated with these power plant scenarios are compared to those from other electricity generating technologies as part of a larger effort to compare the lifecycle impacts of geothermal electricity generation to other power generation technologies.
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Adaji, J. J., R. U. Onolemhemhen, S. O. Isehunwa, and A. Adenikinju. "Forecasting the Domestic Utilization of Natural Gas in Nigeria (2015-2020)." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2560895-ms.

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ABSTRACT Domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria is being hampered by the poor developments in the natural gas sector over the years, with low level of electricity (generation) consumption per capital, weak legal, commercial and regulatory framework amidst poor infrastructural developments in natural gas as compared to that which exists for oil. Nigeria ranks the second in gas flaring and shows low volumes of domestic gas utilization, consuming only about 11% out of the 8.25 billion cubic feet produced per day in 2014 despite its natural gas resource endowment. This paper examines the determinants of domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria from 1990-2013. It investigates its relationship as a function of price of natural gas, price of alternative fuels, foreign direct investment, volumes of gas flared, electricity generated from natural gas sources and per capital real GDP. Going further, it forecasts its likely growth rate for a short-term period, using an econometric methodology of ordinary least squares and an ARIMA model, it estimates the relationship between the variables and uses the historical trend to forecast into the future. The result of the study showed that the determinants jointly explain the pattern of domestic gas utilization in Nigeria by 98%. Individually, per capital real GDP, electricity generated from natural gas sources and changes in the volume of domestic utilization of natural gas was found to have a positive and significant effect on domestic gas utilization. Further, the forecast values show evidence of a slow but gradual increase in utilization pattern in the near future from 2015-2020. A best-case scenario of an increase of 0.15% and a worst-case scenario of a decrease of 0.14% was presented. In conclusion, having identified significant influences on domestic gas utilization patterns in Nigeria it is imperative that the government uses economic instrument to enhance the utilization patterns in Nigeria by improving economic activities and developing the power sector which shows significant influence in domestic natural gas utilization patterns.
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Zhang, Zexuan, and Ting Wang. "Investigation of Combustion and Thermal-Flow Inside a Petroleum Coke Rotary Calcining Kiln With Potential Energy Saving Considerations." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64643.

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Calcined coke is a competitive material for making carbon anodes for smelting of alumina to aluminum. Calcining is an energy intensive industry and a significant amount of heat is exhausted in the calcining process. Efficiently managing this energy resource is tied to the profit margin and survivability of a calcining plant. To help improve the energy efficiency and reduce natural gas consumption of the calcining process, a 3-D computational model is developed to gain insight of the thermal-flow and combustion behavior in the calciner. Comprehensive models are employed to simulate the moving petcoke bed with a uniform distribution of moisture evaporation, devolatilization, and coke fines entrainment rate with a conjugate radiation-convection-conduction calculation. The following parametric studies are conducted: rotation angles, tertiary air injection angles, devolatilization zone length, discharge end gas extractions without injecting natural gas, variations of coke bed properties (thermal conductivity and heat capacity), and coke bed sliding speed. A total of 19 cases have been simulated. The results of studying the effect of tertiary air injection angles show that employing 15° tertiary air injection angle provides the best calcining condition than using 30° and 45° injection angles by achieving a higher coke bed temperature and less coke fines entrainment and attrition rate. In an attempt to reduce natural gas consumption, employing gas extraction at the discharge end successfully draws the hot combustion gas from the tertiary air zone towards the discharge end without burning natural gas. The coke bed temperature between 6 and 21 m from the discharge end is successfully raised from 10 to 100 K, but discharge end temperature is reduced 150 K without burning natural gas. The extracted gas at 1,000 K is too low to be returned to the kiln, but it could be used to preheat the tertiary air.
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Reports on the topic "Natural resource consumption"

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Meneses, Juan Francisco, and José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.

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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Scheerer, Silke, and Manfred Curbach, eds. Leicht Bauen mit Beton – Grundlagen für das Bauen der Zukunft mit bionischen und mathematischen Entwurfsprinzipien (Abschlussbericht). Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Massivbau, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.162.

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Reinforced concrete is the most widely used building material today. It can be produced universally and cheaply almost anywhere in the world. However, this is accompanied by high CO2 emissions and considerable consumption of natural resources. In the DFG Priority Programme 1542, a wide variety of approaches were therefore investigated to find out how the material can be used more efficiently and thus how concrete construction can be made fit for the future. This final report on SPP 1542 “Concrete Light“ (funded from 2011 to 2022) presents the most important results.
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Murphy, Maureen, Rachel Carey, and Leila Alexandra. The resilience of Melbourne's food system to climate and pandemic shocks. University of Melbourne, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124370.

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This report from the Foodprint Melbourne project summarises the findings of an investigation into the resilience of Melbourne’s food system to shocks and stresses. It focuses particularly on the resilience of Melbourne’s food system to climate and pandemic shocks and stresses. However, it also considers longer term underlying stresses on Melbourne’s food system from declining supplies of natural resources and environmental degradation. The report discusses the impacts of shocks and stresses throughout the food system from food production to consumption and the generation of waste. It identifies vulnerabilities in the city’s food system to these shocks and stresses, and it discusses the features of a resilient food system.
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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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Janson, Nils, Lindsay N. Burkhard, and Sara Jones. Caribbean Water Study. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003755.

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The Caribbean Water Study describes the operational and financial performance of selected water utilities in the Caribbean as reported by the utilities as well as secodary sources, the situation of non-revenue water (NRW) among these utilities, the financial impact of COVID-19 on the utilites, and the issue of their resilience to natural disasters. Benchmarking of the key performance indicators for water utilities in the Caribbean shows how utilities are performing in relation to their peers across time. NRW is seen to be one of the biggest challenges for water utilities in the Caribbean and one of the most direct ways to improve a utilitys efficiency, financial performance, and quality of service. In addition, reducing NRW contributes significantly to climate change adaptation. Regarding financial impact of COVID-19, the Study found that due to the large decreases in non-residential consumption, most utilities registered a fall in revenues and in average tariffs. The Study elucidated the fact that their small size and limited resources of water utilities make it is difficult for them to recover from the devastation of a storm on their own and post-disaster response, natural disaster preparedness, investments to increase resiliency, and access to funds are of critical importance.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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