Journal articles on the topic 'Natural peatlands'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Natural peatlands.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Natural peatlands.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Poulin, Monique, Line Rochefort, François Quinty, and Claude Lavoie. "Spontaneous revegetation of mined peatlands in eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-025.
Full textAbstract:
Many North American peatlands previously mined for horticultural peat have been abandoned recently, allowing natural recolonization to occur. The two dominant methods for peat extraction, hand block-cutting and vacuum-mining, have created distinctly different abandoned surfaces, leading to different recolonization patterns. Both types of exploitation can be found throughout eastern Canada where we conducted a vast survey of 26 abandoned mined peatlands in the provinces of Québec and New Brunswick. The aim of this study is to describe the revegetation patterns and to assess the impact of local and regional variables as well as the time since abandonment on Sphagnum re-colonization. We inventoried the vegetation structure in all trenches (2571) and baulks (2595) of abandoned block-cut areas as well as in all vacuum fields (395) of the mechanically mined areas. We also conducted detailed species relevés in 242 of these peat fields. In comparison to vacuum-mined peatlands, block-cut peatlands regenerated remarkably well. Approximately 80% of all baulks and trenches in block-cut peatlands had 50% or higher cover of ericaceous shrubs compared with only 16% found on vacuum fields. Herb cover in the three types of abandoned fields was similar to that in natural peatlands. However, Sphagnum percent cover was below 2% in baulks and vacuum fields and was 30% on average in the trenches, which is clearly below cover estimates in natural peatlands. Sphagnum cover and richness were both higher in trenches with thin residual peat deposit, and Sphagnum richness increased with latitude. Our surveys revealed that abandoned mined peatlands have a high diversity of peatland vascular plants species and a low diversity of non-peatland species.Key words: cutover peatlands, regeneration, milled peatlands, block-cut peatlands, vacuum-mined peatlands, colonization patterns.
2
Roganda, M. S., Sigit Heru Murti, and Wirastuti Widyatmanti. "Mapping the distribution of natural ecosystems on peatlands through vegetation using the object-based image analysis (obia) method in bangko district, rokan hilir regency, riau." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1047, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1047/1/012017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Expansion of the use of natural ecosystems on peatlands is increasing rapidly in Bangko District, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau. This utilization tends to cause damage to the natural ecosystem of peatlands which has a major impact on the local environment (in situ) and the surrounding environment (ex situ), so a mapping is needed to detect the presence and ensure the distribution of the natural ecosystem of peatlands. This study aims to (1) map the distribution of natural ecosystems on peatlands through vegetation objects using Sentinel 2A and SPOT 7 using the OBIA method, (2) Compare the accuracy of Sentinel 2A and SPOT 7 in recognizing endemic vegetation types in natural ecosystems on peatlands with using the OBIA method. OBIA is used to detect the presence of peatlands, the detection is carried out through stretched endemic vegetation objects that grow in the natural ecosystem of peatlands. OBIA is carried out in three steps, namely Segmentation, Classification and Accuracy Test. In the classification process, building a ruleset is the key to interpreting the natural ecosystem of peatlands. The results obtained are (1) Sentinel 2A produces a more dominant distribution on the East, North and West edges while in the middle it tends to be less, the total area of natural peatland ecosystems in Sentinel 2A is 94,994 KM2. In the SPOT 7, the distribution of natural ecosystems of peatlands is more dominant in the eastern part while the western part tends to be small, the total distribution of natural ecosystems of peatlands in the SPOT 7 image is 281,443 KM2. (2) The accuracy rate of Sentinel 2A is 81.395% with an accuracy of 35 samples from a total of 43 samples of accuracy tests and SPOT 7 of 88.372% with an accuracy of 38 samples from a total of 43 samples of accuracy tests carried out.
3
Sasmito, Sigit D., Pierre Taillardat, Letisha S. Fong, Jonathan W. F. Ren, Hanna Sundahl, Lahiru Wijedasa, Aditya Bandla, et al. "Terrestrial and Aquatic Carbon Dynamics in Tropical Peatlands under Different Land Use Types: A Systematic Review Protocol." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101298.
Full textAbstract:
Peatlands are both responding to and influencing climate change. While numerous studies on peatland carbon dynamics have been published in boreal and temperate regions for decades, a much smaller yet growing body of scientific articles related to tropical peatlands has recently been published, including from previously overlooked regions such as the Amazonian and Congo basins. The recent recognition of tropical peatlands as valuable ecosystems because of the organic carbon they accumulate in their water-saturated soils has occurred after most of them have been drained and degraded in Southeast Asia. Under disturbed conditions, their natural carbon storage function is shifted to an additional carbon source to the atmosphere. Understanding the effect of land-use change and management practices on peatlands can shed light on the driving variables that influence carbon emissions and can model the magnitude of emissions in future degraded peatlands. This is of primary importance as other peatland-covered regions in the tropics are at risk of land-use and land-cover changes. A systematic review that synthesizes the general understanding of tropical peatland carbon dynamics based on the published literature is much needed to guide future research directions on this topic. Moreover, previous studies of biogeochemical cycling in tropical peatlands have largely focused on terrestrial stocks and fluxes with little attention given to document lateral and downstream aquatic export through natural and artificial drainage channels. Here, we present a systematic review protocol to describe terrestrial and aquatic carbon dynamics in tropical peatlands and identify the influence of land-use change on carbon exchange. We described a set of literature search and screening steps that lay the groundwork for a future synthesis on tropical peatlands carbon cycling. Such an evidence-based synthesis using a systematic review approach will help provide the research community and policymakers with consistent science-based guidelines to set and monitor emissions reduction targets as part of the forestry and land-use sector.
4
Sakuntaladewi, N., Y. Rochmayanto, Ramawati, M. Iqbal, and V. B. Arifanti. "Strategies of the village community to survive in a changing environment: survive or change." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 917, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012026.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Traditional ecological knowledge becomes difficult to apply in areas where natural resources have been degraded. This is experienced by people living on degraded peatlands in Tumbang Nusa, Central Kalimantan Province. They are confused to determine the appropriate livelihood. This paper aims to analyse the community’s understanding of peatlands and the causes of their destruction, as well as livelihood options to survive on degraded peatlands. Data are collected from 24 randomly selected families and analysed descriptively qualitatively. The analysis shows that the respondents are aware that their peatlands have been degraded and the reason is the unsuitable program that is applied on peatlands. Options for survival can be grouped into two. Around 58% of respondents remain on their ancestral livelihoods and do not cultivate on the peatland, and 42% of respondents chose to occupy the peatlands. They farm on peatlands with considerable risk, raise livestock and do business. Some are still catching fish in the river. Respondents’ choice of livelihood bases on their knowledge of peatland, calculation of potential failure, family’s economic capacity, and outside assistance. The study recommends the importance of providing communities with knowledge about social and environmental safeguards to help them determine their livelihoods with minimal risk.
5
Pellerin, Stéphanie, and Claude Lavoie. "Peatland fragments of southern Quebec: recent evolution of their vegetation structure." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 2 (April 7, 2000): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-186.
Full textAbstract:
One of the main problems associated with small natural reserves is their progressive loss of ecological integrity owing to the influence of surrounding human activities. In southern Quebec (Bas-Saint-Laurent, Canada), peatlands are extensively mined to extract peat for the production of horticultural compost and are isolated within agricultural lands. Government environmental agencies have proposed that peat industries set aside 5-10% of a bog's area as a natural refuge for peatland plants and animals. Do these fragments constitute reliable refuges? Do they maintain their ecological characteristics over a long period? We studied the recent evolution of plant communities in peatland fragments using paleoecological techniques and a geographical information system. In the study area, some treeless fragments dominated by Sphagnum species have recently (since 1940) converted to forest sites. Macrofossil and dendrochronological analyses suggest that peat-mining activities were not the main factors responsible for the afforestation of peatland fragments. On the other hand, the isolation of the Bas-Saint-Laurent peatlands within an agricultural plain for more than 100 years may explain the afforestation process (drainage activities). Furthermore, fires may have accelerated afforestation by facilitating the spread of seeds of tree species with serotinous cones. Because most peatlands of the Bas-Saint-Laurent region are still affected by drainage and fires, it is probable that several open bog fragments will not maintain their treeless vegetation structure over a long period. Consequently, peatland fragments should not be considered as a solution to long-term conservation needs in southern Quebec, at least not for plant and animal species of open bogs. This study also shows that even ecosystems known to be resistant to invasions by exotic species (such as peatlands) can be strongly affected by fragmentation and by their surrounding environment on a long-term basis.Key words: peatland, peat mining, fire, fragmentation, conservation, Quebec.
6
Deane, Patrick Jeffrey, Sophie Louise Wilkinson, Paul Adrian Moore, and James Michael Waddington. "Seismic Lines in Treed Boreal Peatlands as Analogs for Wildfire Fuel Modification Treatments." Fire 3, no. 2 (June 6, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3020021.
Full textAbstract:
Across the Boreal, there is an expansive wildland–society interface (WSI), where communities, infrastructure, and industry border natural ecosystems, exposing them to the impacts of natural disturbances, such as wildfire. Treed peatlands have previously received little attention with regard to wildfire management; however, their role in fire spread, and the contribution of peat smouldering to dangerous air pollution, have recently been highlighted. To help develop effective wildfire management techniques in treed peatlands, we use seismic line disturbance as an analog for peatland fuel modification treatments. To delineate below-ground hydrocarbon resources using seismic waves, seismic lines are created by removing above-ground (canopy) fuels using heavy machinery, forming linear disturbances through some treed peatlands. We found significant differences in moisture content and peat bulk density with depth between seismic line and undisturbed plots, where smouldering combustion potential was lower in seismic lines. Sphagnum mosses dominated seismic lines and canopy fuel load was reduced for up to 55 years compared to undisturbed peatlands. Sphagnum mosses had significantly lower smouldering potential than feather mosses (that dominate mature, undisturbed peatlands) in a laboratory drying experiment, suggesting that fuel modification treatments following a strategy based on seismic line analogs would be effective at reducing smouldering potential at the WSI, especially under increasing fire weather.
7
Pertiwi, N., T. W. Tsusaka, N. Sasaki, and E. Gunawan. "Peatland conservation strategies and carbon pricing possibilities for climate change mitigation in Indonesia: a review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012061.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Humankind is digging to solve one of the world’s most complex issues at present, climate change. Many studies were conducted and initiatives were proposed as mitigation and adaptation strategies to date, such as restoration and preservation of carbon storage. Peatlands are widely recognized as the largest natural carbon storage of all terrestrial ecosystems. Peatlands can help mitigate climate change by its ability to sequestrate huge amounts of carbon and maintain water balance. This valuable yet vulnerable ecosystem needs to be managed properly to maintain the functions. This study aimed to critically review the peatland conservation strategies and possibility of carbon pricing for mitigation and adaptation of climate change, specifically for Indonesia. It was revealed that restoration strategies such as rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization could help with peatlands conservation and further reduction in emissions from land sectors. However, the funding for conservation activities would become a hindrance to the viability and sustainability. Carbon pricing could be a potentially effective approach to conservation of peatlands. Sequestrated carbon and potential additional value from ecosystem services could higher up the price that made the option for conservation more stunning. Therefore, to establish tradable carbon credits on peatland as a means to support the sustainability of Indonesia’s peatland conservation in the future, the action to well managing and standardizing the carbon credits should be started immediately. Though the process will take time and great willingness from all parties, this option could be used for long-term peatland conservation activities.
8
Yi, Boli, Fan Lu, and Zhao-Jun Bu. "Nitrogen addition turns a temperate peatland from a near-zero source into a strong sink of nitrous oxide." Plant, Soil and Environment 68, No. 1 (January 12, 2022): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/411/2021-pse.
Full textAbstract:
Peatlands, as important global nitrogen (N) pools, are potential sources of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. We measured N<sub>2</sub>O flux dynamics in Hani peatland in a growing season with simulating warming and N addition for 12 years in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China, by using static chamber-gas chromatography. We hypothesised that warming and N addition would accelerate N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from the peatland. In a growing season, the peatland under natural conditions showed near-zero N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes and warming increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions but N addition greatly increased N<sub>2</sub>O absorption compared with control. There was no interaction between warming and N addition on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes. Pearson correlation analysis showed that water table depth was one of the main environmental factors affecting N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes and a positive relationship between them was observed. Our study suggests that the N<sub>2</sub>O source function in natural temperate peatlands maybe not be so significant as we expected before; warming can increase N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, but a high dose of N input may turn temperate peatlands to be strong sinks of N<sub>2</sub>O, and global change including warming and nitrogen deposition can alter N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes via its indirect effect on hydrology and vegetation in peatlands.
9
Charman, D. J., D. W. Beilman, M. Blaauw, R. K. Booth, S. Brewer, F. M. Chambers, J. A. Christen, et al. "Climate-related changes in peatland carbon accumulation during the last millennium." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2012): 14327–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-14327-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon store and a persistent natural carbon sink during the Holocene, but there is considerable uncertainty over the fate of peatland carbon in a changing climate. It is generally assumed that higher temperatures will increase peat decay, causing a positive feedback to climate warming and contributing to the global positive carbon cycle feedback. Here we use a new extensive database of peat profiles across northern high latitudes to examine spatial and temporal patterns of carbon accumulation over the past millennium. Opposite to expectations, our results indicate a small negative carbon cycle feedback from past changes in the long-term accumulation rates of northern peatlands. Total carbon accumulated over the last 1000 yr is linearly related to contemporary growing season length and photosynthetically active radiation, suggesting that variability in net primary productivity is more important than decomposition in determining long-term carbon accumulation. Furthermore, northern peatland carbon sequestration rate declines over the climate transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA), probably because of lower LIA temperatures combined with increased cloudiness suppressing net primary productivity. Other factors including changing moisture status, peatland distribution, fire, nitrogen deposition, permafrost thaw and methane emissions will also influence future peatland carbon cycle feedbacks, but our data suggest that the carbon sequestration rate could increase over many areas of northern peatlands.
10
Charman, D. J., D. W. Beilman, M. Blaauw, R. K. Booth, S. Brewer, F. M. Chambers, J. A. Christen, et al. "Climate-related changes in peatland carbon accumulation during the last millennium." Biogeosciences 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2013): 929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-929-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon store and a persistent natural carbon sink during the Holocene, but there is considerable uncertainty over the fate of peatland carbon in a changing climate. It is generally assumed that higher temperatures will increase peat decay, causing a positive feedback to climate warming and contributing to the global positive carbon cycle feedback. Here we use a new extensive database of peat profiles across northern high latitudes to examine spatial and temporal patterns of carbon accumulation over the past millennium. Opposite to expectations, our results indicate a small negative carbon cycle feedback from past changes in the long-term accumulation rates of northern peatlands. Total carbon accumulated over the last 1000 yr is linearly related to contemporary growing season length and photosynthetically active radiation, suggesting that variability in net primary productivity is more important than decomposition in determining long-term carbon accumulation. Furthermore, northern peatland carbon sequestration rate declined over the climate transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA), probably because of lower LIA temperatures combined with increased cloudiness suppressing net primary productivity. Other factors including changing moisture status, peatland distribution, fire, nitrogen deposition, permafrost thaw and methane emissions will also influence future peatland carbon cycle feedbacks, but our data suggest that the carbon sequestration rate could increase over many areas of northern peatlands in a warmer future.
11
Yulminarti, Yulminarti. "Keanekaragaman dan Kepadatan Semut (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) di Lahan Gambut Alami." BIOEDUSAINS:Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v4i2.2760.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the effect of open peatland areas on ant diversity. This research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach by collecting ant samples using the pitfall traps method. The results showed that the total number of ant species found in this study was 129. In natural peat forests, 113 species were found from 3660 individuals and in open peatland found 49 species from 5976 individuals. The diversity index is 2.38 in natural peat forests and the diversity index is 1.91 in open peatland. In conclusion, the number of ant species decreases with the open area.
Keywords: Peatlands, Oil Palm, Ants
12
Alexandrov, Georgii A., Victor A. Brovkin, Thomas Kleinen, and Zicheng Yu. "The capacity of northern peatlands for long-term carbon sequestration." Biogeosciences 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-47-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Northern peatlands have been a persistent natural carbon sink since the Last Glacial Maximum. The continued growth and expansion of these carbon-rich ecosystems could offset a large portion of anthropogenic carbon emissions before the end of the present interglacial period. Here we used an impeded drainage model and gridded data on the depth to bedrock and the fraction of histosol-type soils to evaluate the limits to the growth of northern peatland carbon stocks. Our results show that the potential carbon stock in northern peatlands could reach a total of 875±125 Pg C before the end of the present interglacial, which could, as a result, remove 330±200 Pg C of carbon from the atmosphere. We argue that northern peatlands, together with the oceans, will potentially play an important role in reducing the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over the next 5000 years.
13
Finnamore, Albert T. "HYMENOPTERA OF THE WAGNER NATURAL AREA, A BOREAL SPRING FEN IN CENTRAL ALBERTA." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 181–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169181-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Wagner Natural Area, located 8 km west of Edmonton, Alberta (53°34′N 113°47′W), contains a boreal spring fen estimated to be 4700 years old. The site was selected in 1985 for a survey of its arthropod fauna. A transect of the site from marl pools through fen, edge effect, and treed swamp was sampled for arthropods using pan and Malaise traps. Specialized microhabitats outside the transect were identified and sampled using pan traps. The Wagner fen samples contain 2181 species of arthropods contributing to a total known biota of 2905 species in the peatland. Of those, 1410 are Hymenoptera. Although seven other peatland studies are known, the inability of systematists to name most species prevents direct comparisons among peatlands. Data obtained from the Hymenoptera collections at Wagner demonstrate a progression in species richness as one approaches the forest–fen edge from either fen or forest. A large proportion [30% (382 species)] of Hymenoptera species, termed the aerial component, is active both in the forest–fen edge and in the fen. The aerial component is a highly mobile, at least locally transient, but often uncollected component of peatland ecosystems. Presence of the aerial component is probably associated with habitat structure. Those peatlands possessing more complex vegetation architecture have greater proportions of aerial species. About 80% of Hymenoptera at Wagner are parasitoids, most of which attack larva of holometabolous hosts. Based on the host groups sought by parasitoids and the ratio of parasitoid species per host species, the fen is estimated to contain about 6000 species of arthropods.
14
Campbell, Ian D., Celina Campbell, Zicheng Yu, Dale H. Vitt, and Michael J. Apps. "Millennial-Scale Rhythms in Peatlands in the Western Interior of Canada and in the Global Carbon Cycle." Quaternary Research 54, no. 1 (July 2000): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2134.
Full textAbstract:
A natural ∼1450-yr global Holocene climate periodicity underlies a portion of the present global warming trend. Calibrated basal radiocarbon dates from 71 paludified peatlands across the western interior of Canada demonstrate that this periodicity regulated western Canadian peatland initiation. Peatlands, the largest terrestrial carbon pool, and their carbon-budgets are sensitive to hydrological fluctuations. The global atmospheric carbon-budget experienced corresponding fluctuations, as recorded in the Holocene atmospheric CO2 record from Taylor Dome, Antarctica. While the climate changes following this ∼1450-yr periodicity were sufficient to affect the global carbon-budget, the resultant atmospheric CO2 fluctuations did not cause a runaway climate–CO2 feedback loop. This demonstrates that global carbon-budgets are sensitive to small climatic fluctuations; thus international agreements on greenhouse gasses need to take into account the natural carbon-budget imbalance of regions with large climatically sensitive carbon pools.
15
Meng, H. N., C. C. Song, Y. Q. Miao, R. Mao, and X. W. Wang. "Response of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions to moss removal and N addition in boreal peatland of northeast China." Biogeosciences 11, no. 17 (September 11, 2014): 4809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4809-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Boreal peatlands are an important natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Recently, boreal peatlands have been experiencing increased nitrogen (N) availability and decreased moss production. However, little is known about the interactive effect of moss and N availability on CH4 emissions in boreal peatlands. In this study, the effects of moss removal and N addition (6 g N m−2 yr−1) on CH4 emissions were examined during the growing seasons of 2011, 2012 and 2013 in a boreal peatland in the Great Hinggan Mountain of northeast China. Notably, the response of CH4 emissions to moss removal and N addition varied with experimental duration. Moss removal and N addition did not affect CH4 emissions in 2011 and 2012, but respectively reduced CH4 emissions by 50% and 66% in 2013. However, moss removal and N addition did not produce an interactive effect on CH4 emissions. Consequently, moss removal plus N addition had no effect on CH4 emissions in 2011 and 2012, but decreased CH4 emissions by 68% in 2013. These results suggest that the effects of moss removal and N enrichment on CH4 emissions are time-dependent in boreal peatlands, and also imply that increased N availability and decreased moss growth would independently inhibit CH4 emissions in the boreal peatlands of northeast China.
16
Meng, H. N., C. C. Song, Y. Q. Miao, R. Mao, and X. W. Wang. "Response of CH<sub>4</sub> emission to moss removal and N addition in boreal peatland of Northeast China." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 3365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-3365-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Boreal peatlands are an important natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Recently, boreal peatlands have been experiencing increased nitrogen (N) input and decreased moss production. However, little is known about the interactive effect of moss and N availability on CH4 emission in boreal peatlands. In this study, the effects of moss removal and N addition (6 g N m−2 yr−1) on CH4 emission were examined during the growing seasons of 2011 to 2013 in a boreal peatland in the Great Hinggan Mountain of Northeast China. Notably, the response of CH4 emission to moss removal and N addition varied with experimental duration. Moss removal and N addition did not affect CH4 emission in 2011 and 2012, but respectively declined CH4 emission by 50% and 66% in 2013. However, moss removal and N addition did not produce an interactive effect on CH4 emission. Specifically, moss removal plus N addition had no effect on CH4 emission in 2011 and 2012, but decreased CH4 emission by 68% in 2013. These results suggest that the effects of moss removal and N enrichment on CH4 emission are time-dependent in boreal peatlands, and also imply that increased N loading and decreased moss growth would independently inhibit CH4 emission in the boreal peatlands of Northeast China.
17
Groß-Schmölders, Miriam, Pascal von Sengbusch, Jan Paul Krüger, Kristy Klein, Axel Birkholz, Jens Leifeld, and Christine Alewell. "Switch of fungal to bacterial degradation in natural, drained and rewetted oligotrophic peatlands reflected in <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N and fatty acid composition." SOIL 6, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-299-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. For centuries European peatlands have been degrading along with drainage, land use and climate changes. Increasing pressure on peatland ecosystems calls for a more cost-efficient method to indicate the current state of peatlands and the success of restoration efforts. Metabolic pathways in peatland soils are imprinted in stable isotope compositions due to differences in microorganism communities and their metabolic pathways. Therefore, we hypothesize that depth profiles of nitrogen stable isotope values provide a promising opportunity to detect peatland decomposition or restoration. We studied five peatlands, namely Degerö Stormyr (northern Sweden), Lakkasuo (central Finland) and three mires in the Black Forest (southern Germany). At all locations, cores were taken from adjacent drained (or rewetted) and natural sites to identify δ15N trends that could indicate changes due to drainage and restoration. At all drained (and rewetted) sites we found a distinct peak (“turning point”) of the δ15N values in the center of the drained horizon. We did a fatty acids (FAs) analysis to link our results to microbial community composition. As markers, we distinguished between one fungal-derived FA (C18:2ω9c) and four bacterial-derived FAs. For bacteria, we looked for one general bacterial-derived FA (C14:0), two FAs for gram-positive bacteria (i-C15:0; a-C15:0), and one FA for gram-negative bacteria (C16:1ω9c). In accordance with other studies, our results suggest that fungi dominate the microbial metabolism in the upper aerobic peat horizon. This is reflected by depleted δ15N values. Moving downwards, the drained horizon conditions slowly switch to oxygen limitation. Consequently, fungal-derived FAs decrease whereas bacterial-derived FAs rise. The highest diversity of microbial-derived FAs is indicated by the δ15N turning point. Below the δ15N turning point, oxygen is increasingly limited and concentrations of all microbial-derived FAs are decreasing down to the onset of the permanently waterlogged anaerobic horizon. Peatland cores with restoration successes again show, above the formerly drained horizon, no depth trend of the isotopic values. Hence, we conclude that δ15N stable isotope values reflect microbial community composition, which differs between drained and natural peatlands.
18
Robitaille, Mylène, Michelle Garneau, Simon van Bellen, and Nicole K. Sanderson. "Long-term and recent ecohydrological dynamics of patterned peatlands in north-central Quebec (Canada)." Holocene 31, no. 5 (January 18, 2021): 844–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988051.
Full textAbstract:
Peatlands are natural ecosystems that provide archives of the hydrological cycle, ecological processes and terrestrial carbon dynamics. In the north-central region of Quebec (eastern Canada), patterned peatlands developed in topographic depressions of the Precambrian Shield following the Laurentide Ice Sheet retreat. These peatlands display characteristics similar to appa mires and other peatlands that developed at the ecotone between the open (taiga) and closed boreal forest biomes of the Northern Hemisphere, and also correspond to the biogeographic limit between ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands. During the Neoglacial cooling period in northeastern Canada, patterned peatlands, mainly oligotrophic fens, registered a hydrological disequilibrium expressed by an increase in surface wetness as aquatic microforms expanded to the detriment of terrestrial surfaces. Ecohydrological trajectories were reconstructed from a detailed study of two patterned peatlands in order to document their sensitivity to climate variations. To do this, plant macrofossil and testate amoeba data were combined with peat carbon accumulation rates, C:N ratios, 210Pb and 14C chronologies. Data show that peatlands initiated ca 6500 cal. y BP as ombrotrophic or minerotrophic systems depending on site-specific conditions, followed by a general increase in surface wetness during the Neoglacial cooling until the end of the Little Ice Age. A relatively synchronous ecosystem state shift from oligotrophic to more ombrotrophic conditions was registered at the beginning of the 20th century in central and lateral cores of both study sites, evoking the likely influence of recent warming on peat accumulation. These results suggest a potential northward migration of the biogeographic limit of the ombrotrophic peatland distribution during the 20th century, which could have implications for the role of these ecosystems as C sinks at the continental scale. Overall, these peatlands have stored a mean carbon mass of ca 100 kg m− 2.
19
Koh, Kheng-Lian. "A survey of ASEAN instruments relating to peatlands, mangroves and other wetlands: The REDD+ context." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (July 7, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3349.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 13th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit in November 2007, held in Singapore, ASEAN has accelerated its response to climate change issues, including REDD+ as a mechanism for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to enhance conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. There are many wetlands in ASEAN including more than 25 million ha of peatlands spread over Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, Vietnam and Lao PDR. The peatlands account for 60 per cent of global tropical peatland resources. They are of significance for sequestration of carbon. However, degraded wetlands, including peatlands, are also a major source of greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. Of the types of wetlands, ASEAN has focused attention predominantly on peatlands in relation to REDD+, mainly because of the ‘Indonesian Haze’. The Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law (APCEL) organised a Workshop titled, REDD+ and Legal Regimes of Mangroves, Peatland and Other Wetlands: ASEAN and the World, in Singapore from 15-16 November 2012. The articles contained in this special themed edition of the International Journal of Rural Law and Policy (IJRLP) contains a selection of the papers presented. This editorial will provide a brief background to some aspects of REDD+. Included in this issue of IJRLP is a summary of the proceedings of the workshop as interpreted by the assigned rapporteur and editors of APCEL. These summaries were reviewed and approved by the presenters.
20
Arisandi, Diki, Liza Trisnawati, and Amir Syamsuadi. "Sistem Monitoring Deteksi Dini Kebakaran Hutan Berbasis Multiplatform Di Kabupaten Siak Menggunakan SDLC Prototyping." Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON) 3, no. 4 (June 30, 2022): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/json.v3i4.4136.
Full textAbstract:
Forest fires can occur by natural or human factors. The Siak district is one of the areas in Riau Province which has a forest with peat soil, so it has high fertility. However, in recent years, many abandoned peatlands have been dry due to the behavior of locals and extreme weather, which has caused the peatlands prone to fire. This research collaborates with BPBD Siak as a user to deliver an early detection system for forest fires. The system is developed by using the SDLC prototyping model, which emphasizes the active role of the user to be involved. The source of peatland information is from branch sensors and parent sensors which periodically send information regarding the status of monitored land to the cloud server for storage purposes. The cloud server is a source of information for the three platforms that can be leveraged for users to monitor the status of peatlands both in real-time and previous conditions, namely web applications, mobile applications, and LED boards. Based on the performed tests, all components of the system worked well and the three platforms were successful in displaying information on the real-time condition of the monitored peatlands.
21
Ferland, Chantale, and Line Rochefort. "Restoration techniques for Sphagnum-dominated peatlands." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 1110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-122.
Full textAbstract:
Ombrotrophic peatlands in North America are harvested mainly for horticultural purposes. Following intense exploitation, these peatlands are generally abandoned to natural regeneration. The abandoned sites usually remain barren or poorly revegetated by a few vascular plants for several years. The post-harvested sites are not usually recolonized by Sphagnum species (peat mosses), which are the key species to restore peatland functions. The objective of this study was to develop restoration techniques for post-harvested peatlands. The experiments centred on Sphagnum reintroduction, since peat mosses are responsible for peat accumulation. Vegetative Sphagnum fragments were used as diaspores. Various methods of Sphagnum reintroduction were tested to ensure reliable colonization. A microrelief formed of ridges and depressions provided humid conditions in depressions which favored Sphagnum establishment. Reintroducing Sphagnum diaspores in combination with such companion plant species as Eriophorum angustifolium also had a positive effect on the survival of peat mosses. A phosphorus amendment led to improved establishment of Sphagna and companion plant species. Key words: Sphagnum, microtopography, companion species, phosphorus, fertilization.
22
Sakuntaladewi, Niken, Dony Rachmanadi, Daniel Mendham, Tri Wira Yuwati, Bondan Winarno, Bambang Tejo Premono, Sri Lestari, et al. "Can We Simultaneously Restore Peatlands and Improve Livelihoods? Exploring Community Home Yard Innovations in Utilizing Degraded Peatland." Land 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020150.
Full textAbstract:
Peatlands support the daily needs of people in many villages in Indonesia, including in Central Kalimantan Province. They provide the natural resources to enable fisheries, agriculture, plantations, and forestry. However, peatland utilization comes with various challenges, including fire, soil acidity, inundation, low fertility, and limited choice of suitable species. Many of the current uses of peatland can result in its degradation, oxidation, and increased risk of peat fire. Avoiding further environmental degradation will require the development of new technology that allows the community to both earn a livelihood and protect the peatland. In this study we assessed a range of technologies applied by 14 farmers at Tumbang Nusa village, Central Kalimantan province, in managing degraded peatlands in their home yard for agricultural business. The study shows that for endemic peatland species, good success can be achieved if they are planted directly. However, for species endemic to mineral land, there are four technologies applied by farmers in managing degraded peatland. The choice of technologies is influenced by their economic capacity/cash flow flexibility and their understanding of peatlands. Technologies intended to adapt to land inundation include the use of polybags, development of raised beds, and making peat mounds with mineral soil in the centre. Technologies to address the acidity and soil fertility include amelioration with dolomite lime and fertilizer. The use of polybags filled with peat soil is the easiest technology to adopt and can be conducted by all family members. However, a farmer’s choice of technology needs to always consider the potential environmental impacts in addition to increasing soil fertility so that peat conservation is maintained.
23
Gagnon, Félix, Line Rochefort, and Claude Lavoie. "Spontaneous revegetation of a peatland in Manitoba after peat extraction: diversity of plant assemblages and restoration perspectives." Botany 96, no. 11 (November 2018): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0109.
Full textAbstract:
There are very few studies on the spontaneous revegetation of cutover fens or bogs from which peat has been extracted to the minerotrophic layers. Most peatlands with fen-type residual peat have problems regenerating a plant cover satisfactorily from a restoration point of view. We nevertheless found a site (Moss Spur, Manitoba, Canada) presenting a substantial and diversified spontaneous plant cover. We estimated that the site would provide insights about natural revegetation processes operating in peatlands. Vegetation assemblages and environmental conditions were surveyed 19 years after extraction activities ceased. Moss Spur has densely revegetated (163 plant species, vegetation cover of 94%) with minimal human assistance. However, the composition of plant assemblages varies considerably across the site, depending on certain abiotic variables, particularly water pH, water table level, and the thickness of the residual peat layer. Moss Spur was remarkably wet considering the past peat extraction activities and the absence of active rewetting procedures. The high water table level may in part explain the successful revegetation. However, plant assemblages were not of equal quality from a restoration perspective. Some assemblages were highly diversified, and especially those dominated by Scirpus cyperinus, a species that should be further considered in peatland restoration projects to direct the recovery of the peatland towards a natural fen species composition.
24
Nurjanah, Nurjanah, and Samsir . "CSR PROGRAM PT PERTAMINA BASED ON COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN PEAT ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT." Sosiohumaniora 23, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v23i2.32527.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental problems that require serious handling are the problem of land and forest fires, especially on peatlands which cause losses, especially economic and environmental aspects. Peatlands are a natural resource that has the potential to be utilized for the welfare of the community. Utilization of peatlands is not only for agriculture, plantations and residential land, but can be used as peat ecotourism. The large number of peatlands that were initially not utilized, and most of them became unproductive idle lands, can be managed properly and are able to contribute samsirto improving the welfare of the surrounding communities through the company’s CSR program. This paper aims to analyze the management of the CSR program in the development of peat ecotourism in Bukit Batu DistrictPakning River.Researchers collected field data through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the company’s CSR program is directed at developing various community empowerment programs, aiming for the community to have the power, strength or ability in physical and material aspects, as well as economic aspects.Utilization of post-fire peatlands with community empowerment in the process of developing peatland ecotourism through the Peat Typical Tree Planting program on burned land, the development of the Environmental-Based School Curriculum program and the Peat Arboretum Development program. The management of the CSR program is carried out through the planning, implementation and evaluation stages. The management of the CSR program is analyzed throughCommunity Based Tourism (CBT) Model which is a tourism development planning strategy.
25
Zhang, Wantong, Zhengyi Hu, Joachim Audet, Thomas A. Davidson, Enze Kang, Xiaoming Kang, Yong Li, Xiaodong Zhang, and Jinzhi Wang. "Effects of water table level and nitrogen deposition on methane and nitrous oxide emissions in an alpine peatland." Biogeosciences 19, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 5187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5187-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Alpine peatlands are recognized as a major natural contributor to the budgets of atmospheric methane (CH4) but as a weak nitrous oxide (N2O) source. Anthropogenic activities and climate change have put these fragile nitrogen (N)-limited peatlands under pressure by altering water table (WT) levels and enhancing N deposition. The response of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from these peatlands to these changes is uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in 2018 and 2019 investigating individual and interactive effects of three WT levels (WT−30, 30 cm below soil surface; WT0, 0 cm at the soil surface; WT10, 10 cm above soil surface) and multiple levels of N deposition (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kgNha-1yr-1) on growing season CH4 and N2O emissions in the Zoige alpine peatland, Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. We found that the elevated WT levels increased CH4 emissions, while N deposition had nonlinear effects (with stimulation at moderate levels but inhibition at higher levels). In contrast no clear pattern of the effect of WT levels on the cumulative N2O emissions was evident, while N deposition led to a consistent and linear increase (emission factor: 2.3 %–2.8 %), and this was dependent on the WT levels. Given the current N deposition in the Zoige alpine peatland (1.08–17.81 kg N ha−1), our results suggested that the CH4 and N2O emissions from the alpine peatlands could greatly increase in response to the possible doubling N deposition in the future. We believe that our results provide insights into how interactions between climate change and human disturbance will alter CH4 and N2O emissions from this globally important habitat.
26
Campbell, Daniel R., Claude Lavoie, and Line Rochefort. "Wind erosion and surface stability in abandoned milled peatlands." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-089.
Full textAbstract:
Peatlands exploited for their peat by the method of milling are poorly recolonized by plants after the cessation of extraction activities, in part due to unstable peat substrates. Wind erosion has been suspected to play a role in this instability. Four studies were conducted to investigate the role of wind erosion on abandoned milled peatlands. A wind tunnel experiment was performed to evaluate the erodibility of dry, loose peat as a function of its degree of decomposition. A second wind tunnel experiment was conducted to determine how crusted peats differ in their resistance to erosion as a function of their degree of decomposition, without the input of abraders. Third, wind profiles were measured in milled, revegetated and natural peatlands in southeastern Québec to determine their aerodynamic roughness length. Finally, field measurements were made at three abandoned milled peatlands through two field seasons to characterize substrate stability and particle movement. In the wind tunnel, the erodibility of loose surface peat decreased with increasing decomposition and was predicted by their equivalent diameter to mineral particles 0.84 mm in diameter. However, once surface crusts formed, peats were all resistant to erosion. Surfaces of abandoned milled peatlands were aerodynamically smooth; therefore, exposed surface elements are subject to strong erosive forces during wind events. The greatest subsidence on abandoned milled peatlands occurred in the spring, prior to the surface movement of particles. Erosion during the summer could not be clearly detected. The instability of the peat surface remains a constraint for the restoration of abandoned milled surfaces. Key Words: Peat, cutover peatland, wind erosion, soil crust, roughness length, soil stability
27
Bérubé, Vicky, Line Rochefort, and Claude Lavoie. "Fen restoration: defining a reference ecosystem using paleoecological stratigraphy and present-day inventories." Botany 95, no. 7 (July 2017): 731–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0281.
Full textAbstract:
Choosing past and present-day indicators could strengthen the reference ecosystem used for ecological restoration projects. Based on the paleoecological analysis of four peat cores and the characterization of 13 contemporary natural sites, the reference ecosystem for minerotrophic peatlands in southeastern Canada is composed of two broad categories of plant assemblages described as tall-sedge and Sphagnum–Thuja/brown moss. In paleoecological peat profiles, tall-sedge communities were found at the transition between aquatic and terrestrial, and were associated with high graminoid production, riverine peatlands, and elevated water table in the present-day analyses. Sphagnum–Thuja communities resemble the present-day vegetation found in natural basin type peatlands. Except for Sphagnum warnstorfii Russ., these communities, with high taxonomical diversity, contain more generalist species from boreal peatland vegetation, such as Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd, Thuja occidentalis L., Linnaea borealis L., and Maianthemum trifolium L. They grow in dryer or shady habitats such as hummocks or forest understory. The importance of brown mosses was revealed by paleoecological analysis. Overall, findings from both approaches are complementary: paleoecological stratigraphy informs us about past ecosystem dynamics, while present-day inventories allow us to define current plant communities and their major environmental characteristics. The range of variability of vegetation and environmental variables found in these studies are essential tools for fen restoration projects.
28
Juottonen, Heli, Anu Hynninen, Mika Nieminen, Tero T. Tuomivirta, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Hannu Nousiainen, Dana K. Kell, Kim Yrjälä, Arja Tervahauta, and Hannu Fritze. "Methane-Cycling Microbial Communities and Methane Emission in Natural and Restored Peatlands." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 17 (June 29, 2012): 6386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00261-12.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTWe addressed how restoration of forestry-drained peatlands affects CH4-cycling microbes. Despite similar community compositions, the abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs was lower in restored than in natural sites and correlated with CH4emission. Poor establishment of methanogens may thus explain low CH4emissions on restored peatlands even 10 to 12 years after restoration.
29
Benscoter, Brian W., Dan Greenacre, and Merritt R. Turetsky. "Wildfire as a key determinant of peatland microtopography." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 8 (August 2015): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0028.
Full textAbstract:
Microtopography is a common attribute of wetlands, particularly boreal bog and fen peatlands. This self-organized patterning is primarily an autogenic process; however, the role of allogenic forces such as disturbance in the maintenance of microtopography is poorly understood. In this study, we quantify the effect of fire on the distribution of the microtopographic gradient in boreal bogs using a before–after wildfire natural experiment. We also quantify the change in spatial abundance of microforms in boreal treed peatlands over a 100-year successional chronosequence. Wildfire nearly doubled the range of the microtopographic gradient, increasing the relative abundance of low-elevation microforms (hollows), although the distribution of elevations was influenced by peatland ontogeny at the time of wildfire. Through succession, raised microforms (hummocks) became more abundant, presumably due to autogenic surface drying facilitating hummock species expansion into adjacent hollows. Although autogenic processes may be responsible for the development of self-organized spatial patterning in wetlands, disturbances such as wildfire are necessary for maintaining boreal peatland microtopography over extended time scales. Because of the tight linkage between microtopography, species diversity, and ecosystem function, these feedbacks between wildfire and microtopography are critical for understanding peatland dynamics and the potential impact of a changing environment.
30
Jaya, Adi, Takashi Inoue, Suwido Hester Limin, Untung Darung, and Irwan Sukri Banuwa. "Microclimate of Developed Peatland of the Mega Rice Project in Central Kalimantan." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 15, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2010.v15i1.63-71.
Full textAbstract:
Microclimate of Developed Peatland of The Mega Rice Project in Central Kalimantan (A Jaya,T Inoue, SH Limin, U Darung and IS Banuwa): In Indonesia peatland covers an area of 16 to 27 Mha and this ecosystem is vitally linked to environmental and conservation issues, as well as its economic value for human survival. These peatlands are, however, the subject of various land use pressures, including forestry, agriculture, energy and horticulture. A field study was carried out 6 years after the end of failed peatland development project shows that inappropriate and unsustainable forms of peatland management have resulted in degradation of the natural forest vegetation, draw-down of the peat water table, increase of peat surface and air temperatures and recurrent surface and ground fires. Implications of microclimate for possible restoration options.
31
Haiti, Diana, Ahmad Syaufi, Daddy Fahmanadie, and Aulia Pasca Diprina. "Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of the Crime of Burning Peatlands in Banjar Regency." Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.32801/lamlaj.v7i2.296.
Full textAbstract:
Forest and land fires can have a tremendous impact, especially if the fires involve peatland fires. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze law enforcement against peatland burning perpetrators in Banjar Regency, and the obstacles to Law Enforcement against peatland burning perpetrators in Banjar Regency. This type of research is an empirical/field legal research with data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data with research locations at the Banjar District Police and the South Kalimantan Provincial Forestry Service.The results showed that law enforcement against peatland burning perpetrators in Banjar Regency from 2019-2021 carried out by the Banjar Police Crime Unit and the Forestry Police of the South Kalimantan Province Forestry Service who entered the investigation stage amounted to 1 case, the causal factors (1) increased public awareness by not clearing land using the burning method, (2) due to natural factors that in 2020 and 2021 the dry season in South Kalimantan Province will not be prolonged, and (3) increasing socialization of forest and land fire prevention carried out by the authorities including the police. The obstacles in law enforcement against the perpetrators of burning peatlands in Banjar Regency are that there are no cases that have entered the investigation stage due to the absence of suspects and also the absence of witnesses who heard and saw the criminal act of burning peatlands. Lack of PPNS Polhut investigator personnel at the Forestry Service.
32
White, Lori, Mark McGovern, Shari Hayne, Ridha Touzi, Jon Pasher, and Jason Duffe. "Investigating the Potential Use of RADARSAT-2 and UAS imagery for Monitoring the Restoration of Peatlands." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152383.
Full textAbstract:
The restoration of peatlands is critical to help reduce the effects of climate change and further prevent the loss of habitat for many species of flora and fauna. The objective of this research was to evaluate RADARSAT-2 satellite imagery and high-resolution Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) to determine if they could be used as surrogates for monitoring the success of peatland restoration. Areas of peatland that were being actively harvested, had been restored from past years (1994–2003), and natural shrub bog in Lac St. Jean, Quebec were used as a test case. We compared the Freeman–Durden and Touzi decompositions by applying the Bhattacharyya Distance (BD) statistic to see if the spectral signatures of restored peatland could be separated from harvested peat and natural shrub bog. We flew Unmanned Aerial Surveys (UASs) over the study site to identify Sphagnum and Polytrichum strictum, two indicator species of early peatland restoration success. Results showed that the Touzi decomposition was better able to separate the spectral signatures of harvested, restored, and natural shrub bog (BD values closer to 9). Symmetric scattering type αs1, Helicity |τ1,2,3|, a steep incidence angle, and peak growing season appear to be important for separating the spectral signatures. We had moderate success in detecting Sphagnum and Polytrichum strictum visually by using texture and pattern but were unable to use colour due to differences in sun angle and clouds during the UAS flights. Results suggest that RADARSAT-2 data using the Touzi decomposition and UAS imagery show potential for monitoring peatland restoration success over time.
33
Groot, Arthur, and Brian J. Horton. "Age and size structure of natural and second-growth peatland Piceamariana stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-033.
Full textAbstract:
Age and size structures were determined in 40 stands of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) growing on peatlands and transitional peatlands in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Natural and second-growth stands representing several site types were examined. The age structure of natural black spruce stands varied from even aged in young stands (<160 years) to uneven aged in older stands. Uneven-aged black spruce stands on nutrient-poor peats appear to be self perpetuating in the absence of intense disturbance. Natural stands on more fertile peats or on transitional peatlands are less likely to escape disturbance and more likely to undergo succession to other species. Second-growth stands, which originated after forest harvesting 50–70 years ago, were uneven-aged, although a high frequency of stems commonly occurred in the age-class associated with the time of harvesting. The age and size structures of second-growth stands currently differ from that of natural stands, but will likely become similar to natural stands over time.
34
Yeny, Irma, Raden Garsetiasih, Sri Suharti, Hendra Gunawan, Reny Sawitri, Endang Karlina, Budi Hadi Narendra, et al. "Examining the Socio-Economic and Natural Resource Risks of Food Estate Development on Peatlands: A Strategy for Economic Recovery and Natural Resource Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 3961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073961.
Full textAbstract:
Given the huge impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food and agriculture sectors, rapid measures are needed to reduce the risk of food crises, especially among the poor and the most vulnerable communities. The government of Indonesia planned to establish the Food Estate National Program to ensure food security. Most of the area will be on peatlands, and as such, the program still faces pros and cons as it might open up opportunities for deforestation, threats to biodiversity, and loss of community livelihoods. We conducted the present research in Central Kalimantan to formulate a food estate (FE) development strategy by taking into account the potential benefits and risks to ensure increases in the local community’s welfare and the sustainability of biodiversity. Data were collected through field surveys, interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), and literature studies. The results show that the operation of a food estate on degraded peatlands has a moderate to high level of risk of negative impacts. Community activities and changes in farming methods through using more inputs and mechanical equipment are the most risky activities in FE development. The low substitutability of peatlands requires mitigation efforts as part of risk management. The operation of food systems on peatlands must be based on a strong sustainability perspective with a main principle of complementary resources. The main strategy is to protect natural resources and replace cultivated exotic plants with potential native peat plants with minimal risk. In addition, the policy and capacity building of farmers towards a business-oriented direction will maximize socioeconomic benefits. Utilization of biodiversity and low-impact cultivation techniques can ensure sustainability.
35
Nurzakiah, Siti, Fahmuddin Agus, and Haris Syahbuddin. "Ameliorant Application on Variation of Carbon Stock and Ash Content on Peatland South Kalimantan." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 1 (March 11, 2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i1.11-16.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon stock on peatlands are large and will be easily emitted if the land is opened or drained, therefore the measurements of carbon stocks and ash content are important to know the amount of emissions and agricultural sustainability in peatlands. This study aimed to determine carbon stock and ash content on peatlands in the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) located in South Kalimantan on the geographic position S. 03°25’52" and E. 114°47’6.5". The experiment consisted of six treatments of ameliorant materials namely; mineral soil, peat fertilizer A, peat fertilizer T, manure, ash, and control. The results showed that the variation of peat soil properties was very high at this location. Peat thickness ranged from 36-338 cm, and this led to high variations in carbon stocks ranged between 161.8 – 1142.2 Mg ha-1. Besides ash contents of the soil were also highly varied ranged from 3.4 – 28.5%. This natural variation greatly affected the ICCTF study design. Mineral soil treatment had a mean carbon stock (961.3 ± 61.5 Mg ha-1) which was higher and different from other treatments. High ash content was obtained in the ash treatment (18.6 ± 2.5%) and manure (15.7 ± 3.6%). It is recommended that the analysis of plant responses and greenhouse gas emissions using a single regression analysis and multiple regression with ash content as one of the independent variables are needed.Keywords: Ash content, carbon stock, peatland, peat thickness[How to Cite: Nurzakiah S, F Agus, and H Syahbuddin. 2013. Ameliorant Application on Variation of Carbon Stock and Ash Content on Peatland South Kalimantan J Trop Soils, 18 (1) : 11-16. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.11][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.11]
36
Konstantinova, Elina, Liga Brunina, and Aija Persevica. "SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF PEAT EXTRACTION FIELDS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4116.
Full textAbstract:
Peatland self-recovery after peat extraction is restricted and without any purposeful actions, recovery of the territories is disproportionately long. The abandoned peat fields are not only worthless from the point of view of biodiversity but are also large SEG issuers. By developing an inventory of extracted peat fields, it has been concluded that there are about 18,000 ha that are not re-cultivated and for now have lost their natural functions. The peat formation in these areas and ecosystems functions are disturbed or destroyed. There are a number of potential ways of re-cultivation of degraded peatlands that can provide different types of benefits – either to carry out economic activities or to re-naturalise territories. Each of the potential types of re-cultivation is able to deliver different types of benefits. Landowners should select the most appropriate and acceptable option for re-cultivation based on socio-economic, environmental and climate change mitigation criteria. Based on the research and the results obtained, a model for the sustainable use of peat extraction fields has been developed, that provides support for the planning of further use of degraded peatlands. The developed model provides information about financial, economic and environmental benefits of implementing a particular form of re-cultivation. Developed model ensures the optimal information balance between GHG emission reductions, ecosystem service assessments and socio-economic aspects of land use. Based on the findings and using the developed model, it is possible to implement deliberative management decisions regarding degraded peatlands, evaluate potential re-cultivation costs, plan the expected financial return, assess the benefits of climate mitigation and take into account natural values.
37
Miao, Y., C. Song, L. Sun, X. Wang, H. Meng, and R. Mao. "Seasonal methane emission from a boreal peatland in continuous permafrost zone of Northeast China: effects of active layer depth and vegetation." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2012): 6751–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-6751-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Boreal peatlands are significant natural sources of methane and especially vulnerable to abrupt climate change. However, the controlling factors of CH4 emission in boreal peatlands are still unclear. In this study, we investigated CH4 fluxes and abiotic factors (temperature, water table depth, active layer depth, and dissolved CH4 concentrations in pore water) during the growing seasons in 2010 and 2011 both in shrub-sphagnum- and sedge-dominated plant communities in continuous permafrost zone of Northeast China. The objective of our study was to examine the effects of vegetation types and abiotic factors on CH4 fluxes from a boreal peatland. In Eriophorum-dominated community, mean CH4 emissions were 1.015 and 0.801 mg m−2 h−1 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. CH4 fluxes (0.384 mg m−2 h−1) released from the shrub-mosses-dominated community were lower than that from Eriophorum-dominated community. Moreover, in Eriophorum-dominated community, CH4 fluxes showed a significant temporal pattern with a peak value in late August both in 2010 and 2011. However, no distinct seasonal variation was observed in the CH4 flux in the shrub-mosses-dominated community. Interestingly, both in Eriophorum- and shrub-sphagnum-dominated communities, CH4 fluxes did not show close correlation with air or soil temperature and water table depth, whereas CH4 emissions correlated well to active layer depth and CH4 concentration in soil pore water, especially in Eriophorum-dominated community. Our results suggest that CH4 released from the thawed CH4-rich permafrost layer may be a key factor controlling CH4 emissions in boreal peatlands, and highlight that CH4 fluxes vary with vegetation type in boreal peatlands.
38
Szczepański, Marek, Lech W. Szajdak, and Teresa Meysner. "Impact of Shelterbelt and Peatland Barriers on Agricultural Landscape Groundwater: Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds Removal Efficiency." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101972.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of declining water quality, the threat of nonpoint source pollution (NSP) to aquatic habitats and species is a well-recognized phenomenon. The recognition of NSP continues to grow as legal regulatory practices as well as public and scientific awareness of this source of pollution increase. Agricultural runoff from farms and fields often contains various contaminants such as pesticides, fertilizers, pathogens, sediments, salts, trace metals, and substances that contribute to changes in biological oxygen demand. Farmers and growers releasing agricultural runoff are increasingly required to implement water-quality regulations and management practices to reduce NSP. Constructed or restored shelterbelts and natural peatlands can be two of the many best management practices farmers can use to address this problem. We compared the barrier efficiency of the agricultural landscape elements, i.e., a shelterbelt of various plant compositions and a peatland, to control the spread of NSP in groundwater between ecosystems. In agricultural areas with high water tables, biogeochemical barriers in the form of shelterbelts and peatlands can remove or retain many groundwater pollutants from agricultural runoff with careful planning and management.
39
Cannings, Sydney G., and Robert A. Cannings. "THE ODONATA OF THE NORTHERN CORDILLERAN PEATLANDS OF NORTH AMERICA." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169089-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe peatlands of the northern Cordillera of North America (consisting of the mountain ranges and intermontane lowlands and plateaus of British Columbia, Alberta, the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska) support a distinctive Odonata fauna. Forty species in six families and 12 genera are typical of northwestern peatlands and another 12 species are occasional inhabitants of these environments. Of the 40 species, eight (20%) are peatland obligates and four (10%) almost always occur in such habitats. The remaining 28 (70%) are generalists and live in a wide range of aquatic habitats; nevertheless, they often are common inhabitants of, or are even dominant in, peatland environments. The fauna is dominated by the genera Aeshna Fabricius and Somatochlora Selys, with 11 and 10 species, respectively. It is also dominated by species restricted to Boreal regions (25 species, 62.5%), six (15%) of which have Holarctic distributions. The remainder of the fauna consists of eight species (20%) ranging transcontinentally in Transition Zone forests south of the Boreal Forest, five (12.5%) restricted to the Cordillera, and two (5%) with wide distributions in North America. Notes and maps summarize our knowledge of biogeographical information and previously unpublished records are listed. Significant southerly range extensions for species such as Coenagrion interrogatum (Hagen), Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, A. sitchensis Hagen, A. subarctica Walker, Somatochlora septentrionalis (Hagen), and Leucorrhinia patricia Walker are reported. Ecological and natural history data are outlined for each species. There do not appear to be any clear differences between the faunas of bogs and fens; dragonflies seem to respond to the habitat's form and structure rather than to its acidity or nutrient levels. Distinctive species associations result. A better understanding of the preferences of these dragonflies for different peatland microhabitats must await detailed research on oviposition behaviour and larval ecology.
40
Sudrajat, Agus Sarwo Edy, and Sri Subekti. "Pengelolaan Ekosistem Gambut Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan." Jurnal Planologi 16, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jpsa.v16i2.4459.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACKPeat ecosystems are one of the potential natural resources that are very rich in biodiversity. Global warming is a process of increasing the temperature of the earth. One of the effects of global warming is changing climate characterized by changes in temperature and rainfall. One of the impacts of this is the occurrence of peatland fires, especially in the dry season. Based on this, it is necessary to do management of peatlands as an effort to mitigate climate change and maintain unspoiled peatland areas. Result from this text is knowing how to manage peat ecosystem on South Kalimantan, so if the peat ecosystem can be protect and then the climate be controlled.Keywords: Peatlands, Mitigation, Management, Climate Change ABSTRAKEkosistem gambut menjadi salah satu potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah dengan keanekaragaman hayati. Pemanasan global disebut juga sebagai suatu proses kenaikan temperature di bumi, dimana efek dari pemanasan global ini yaitu perubahan iklim dengan ditandai adanya perubahan suhu dan curah hujan. Salah satu dampak dari hal tersebut adalah terjadinya kebakaran lahan gambut khususnya pada musim kemarau. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu dilakukannya pengelolaan ekosistem lahan gambut sebagai upaya untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim dan mempertahankan areal lahan gambut yang masih alami. Hasil akhir dari tulisan ini adalah mengetahui cara pengelolaan ekosistem gambut di Kalimantan Selatan, sehingga apabila ekosistem gambut terjaga maka perubahan iklim dapat dikendalikan.Kata Kunci: Lahan Gambut, Mitigasi, Pengelolaan, Perubahan Iklim
41
Nardi, Syaiful Anwar, Mohamad Yani, Nurholis, and Muhammad Hendrizal. "Nitrous oxide emission from conservation forest of Kampar Peninsula peatland ecosystem." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 11, no. 3 (December 13, 2021): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.11.3.442-452.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas with a warming potential of 300 times higher than CO2. Conserving of intact peat swamp forest can hold the natural physical and chemical properties of the soil, such that the N2O emission occurs naturally. To quantify N2O emission from peatland ecosystems, data availability is highly needed. The objectives of this study were to quantify the emission of N2O and determine the main factors controlling N2O emission from peatland conservation forests. This research was conducted from January to December 2020 in the Kampar Peninsula, Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. This study found that N2O emission at peatland conservation forest was 0.23 ± 0.19 kg-N/ha/year. Substantial changes in soil and environmental factors such as water table, soil temperature, soil moisture, water-filled pore space, NH4-N, and NO3-N significantly affect the exchange of N2O between peatlands and the atmosphere.
42
Wrage-Mönnig, Nicole, and Peter Leinweber. "Understanding the Ecology of Restored Fen Peatlands for Protection and Sustainable Use." Soil Systems 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4020024.
Full text
43
Sun, Hui, Eeva Terhonen, Andriy Kovalchuk, Hanna Tuovila, Hongxin Chen, Abbot O. Oghenekaro, Jussi Heinonsalo, et al. "Dominant Tree Species and Soil Type Affect the Fungal Community Structure in a Boreal Peatland Forest." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 9 (February 19, 2016): 2632–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03858-15.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTBoreal peatlands play a crucial role in global carbon cycling, acting as an important carbon reservoir. However, little information is available on how peatland microbial communities are influenced by natural variability or human-induced disturbances. In this study, we have investigated the fungal diversity and community structure of both the organic soil layer and buried wood in boreal forest soils using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. We have also compared the fungal communities during the primary colonization of wood with those of the surrounding soils. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) confirmed that the community composition significantly differed between soil types (P< 0.001) and tree species (P< 0.001). The distance-based linear models analysis showed that environmental variables were significantly correlated with community structure (P< 0.04). The availability of soil nutrients (Ca [P= 0.002], Fe [P= 0.003], and P [P= 0.003]) within the site was an important factor in the fungal community composition. The species richness in wood was significantly lower than in the corresponding soil (P< 0.004). The results of the molecular identification were supplemented by fruiting body surveys. Seven of the genera ofAgaricomycotinaidentified in our surveys were among the top 20 genera observed in pyrosequencing data. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, fungal high-throughput next-generation sequencing study performed on peatlands; it further provides a baseline for the investigation of the dynamics of the fungal community in the boreal peatlands.
44
Djaenudin, D., Indartik, E. Y. Suryandari, N. Parlinah, F. J. Salaka, A. S. Kurniawan, and M. Iqbal. "Business model for community featured products in peatlands: case study of Pulang Pisau Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 917, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012040.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Peatlands are one of resources for regional economic development in Pulang Pisau Regency. However, the condition of peatlands continues to be degraded due to uncontrolled use and fires on peatlands and forests areas. The socio-economic revitalization of community is one of the efforts to restore the degraded peatlands. This revitalization is required as the utilization of peatland by the community is still traditional, so the added value of land use products, until now has not been created optimally. Therefore, a land-use business approach that is appropriate with the capacity of the community and available natural capital is needed. This approach will improve community livelihoods and contribute positively to economic, social, and environmental development. This paper aims to identify the features of paludiculture products cultivated by the community and develop a featured product business model. Research locations are in Buntoi and Mantaren 1 Village. Data collection is carried out through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents are farmers, traders, industry players, and the government. The data analysis used is descriptive data analysis and canvas business model (CBM). The dominant type of plant cultivated by the community is rubber. The community considers rubber could provide high economic benefits. Analysis results of rubber business practices carried out by the community are characterized by (i) low dry content of rubber latex (slab); (ii) rubber latex that is sold to a local trader or factories at lower prices than it is sold to the factory, (iii) the certainty of the slab supply to the factory is relatively high; and (iv) limited control of capital and technology. The development of the CBM model is needed to improve the rubber business through improving the quality of latex as a market segmentation requirement, expanding potential customers through collective marketing channels, improving productivity by selecting superior seeds and environmental engineering technology.
45
Miao, Y., C. Song, L. Sun, X. Wang, H. Meng, and R. Mao. "Growing season methane emission from a boreal peatland in the continuous permafrost zone of Northeast China: effects of active layer depth and vegetation." Biogeosciences 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2012): 4455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4455-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Boreal peatlands are significant natural sources of methane and especially vulnerable to abrupt climate change. However, the controlling factors of CH4 emission in boreal peatlands are still unclear. In this study, we investigated CH4 fluxes and abiotic factors (temperature, water table depth, active layer depth, and dissolved CH4 concentrations in pore water) during the growing seasons in 2010 and 2011 in both shrub-sphagnum- and sedge-dominated plant communities in the continuous permafrost zone of Northeast China. The objective of our study was to examine the effects of vegetation types and abiotic factors on CH4 fluxes from a boreal peatland. In an Eriophorum-dominated community, mean CH4 emissions were 1.02 and 0.80 mg m−2 h−1 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. CH4 fluxes (0.38 mg m−2 h−1) released from the shrub-mosses-dominated community were lower than that from Eriophorum-dominated community. Moreover, in the Eriophorum-dominated community, CH4 fluxes showed a significant temporal pattern with a peak value in late August in both 2010 and 2011. However, no distinct seasonal variation was observed in the CH4 flux in the shrub-mosses-dominated community. Interestingly, in both Eriophorum- and shrub-sphagnum-dominated communities, CH4 fluxes did not show close correlation with air or soil temperature and water table depth, whereas CH4 emissions correlated well to active layer depth and CH4 concentration in soil pore water, especially in the Eriophorum-dominated community. Our results suggest that CH4 released from the thawed CH4-rich permafrost layer may be a key factor controlling CH4 emissions in boreal peatlands, and highlight that CH4 fluxes vary with vegetation type in boreal peatlands. With increasing temperature in future climate patterns, increasing active layer depth and shifting plant functional groups in this region may have a significant effect on CH4 emission.
46
Bruisch, Katja. "Nature Mistaken: Resource-Making, Emotions and the Transformation of Peatlands in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union." Environment and History 26, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734018x15254461646567.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the commodification and cultural perception of nature in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union through the case of peatland transformation. Drawing upon scientific texts, expert literature and policy documents, I analyse how since the late eighteenth century peatlands were turned into natural resources and how emotions played a crucial role in this process. The discourse about and the actual treatment of these landscapes mirrored changing notions of private property in the Russian Empire and the gradual rise of the state as a key actor in the management of natural wealth. At the same time, the Russian debate followed that in western and northern Europe, where the use of wetlands for peat extraction and their conversion into farmland reflected hopes to boost the national economy and visions of internal colonisation. While important parallels existed with other countries in relation to the cultural perceptions and economic appropriation of wetlands, the Russian / Soviet case exhibited some distinct features as well. Even though the Soviet Union supported international wetland conservation efforts, the state kept promoting extractive and expansive land use practices, while negative attitudes towards peatlands remained influential. Paradoxically, the Russian case both confirms and challenges the argument about the 'fall and rise' of wetlands that has been made in relation to other parts of the world.
47
Moskovchenko, D. V., A. S. Afonin, and R. Yu Pozhitkov. "Development history and composition of peatland in the Numto natural park in Western Siberia, Russia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1093, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1093/1/012010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A flat frost mound bog in the Numto Natural Park located in the northern taiga of Western Siberia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) was studied. Radiocarbon dating showed that the peatland formation began about 6658 cal years BP. Peat accumulation was slow due to the permafrost influence. The peat accumulation rate had the highest value of 0.3 mm/year between 5500 and 3400 cal years BP, then it sharply decreased to 0.1 mm/year due to climate cooling and remained at that level up to day. The change from cotton grass to sphagnum peat, which indicated transition to the oligotrophic stage of peatland development, was dated around 1800 cal years BP. The chemical composition of peat was characterized by the increase in Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Li, Ti and Mo concentrations with depth. The peak of Pb concentration in the upper horizon was likely to result from the former technogenic impact. Concentrations of microelements in the studied peat core were generally comparable to those in peatlands in the south-east of Western Siberia, except for the high concentration of Zn that was connected with the predominance of cotton grass in the major part of the studied core.
48
GAFNI, ABRAHAM, and KENNETH N. BROOKS. "HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR PEATLANDS IN MINNESOTA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 2 (May 1, 1990): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-025.
Full textAbstract:
A field study in northern Minnesota was conducted to assess the relative importance of factors that control lateral water movement in peatlands. Hydraulic gradients and groundwater velocities were measured for one mined and three unmined peatlands. Groundwater velocities were measured at shallow depths in the organic soil using the point dilution method. Hydraulic conductivities at different soil depths were estimated by applying the field measurements to Darcy's Law. Hydraulic gradients were persistent from early summer through fall and were generally less than 0.1%, a major factor governing rates of lateral water movement in undisturbed peatlands. Maximum groundwater velocities averaged 0.49 cm h−1 in the upper and least decomposed peat layers and diminished dramatically with depth and increasing decomposition. The von-Post scale of peat decomposition was found to be useful in predicting the hydraulic conductivity of peat layers. The rate of water movement at depths below 35 cm in the natural peatlands averaged less than 0.03 cm h−1. The data contribute to a better understanding of the hydrologic function of peatlands. Key words: Organic soils, peatlands, groundwater velocity, hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic gradient
49
Zorzetto, Enrico, Olli Peltola, Tiia Grönholm, and Gabriel G. Katul. "Intermittent Surface Renewals and Methane Hotspots in Natural Peatlands." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 180, no. 3 (July 4, 2021): 407–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00637-x.
Full text
50
Iivanainen, Eila, Tapani Sallantaus, Marja‐Leena Katila, and Pertti J. Martikainen. "Mycobacteria in Runoff Waters from Natural and Drained Peatlands." Journal of Environmental Quality 28, no. 4 (July 1999): 1226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040025x.
Full text