Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural organic matter

Academic literature on the topic 'Natural organic matter'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural organic matter"

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EGEBERG, P. "Natural organic matter." Environment International 25, no. 2-3 (April 1999): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(98)00120-2.

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Wetzel, Robert G., Amelia K. Ward, and Marsha Stock. "Effects of natural dissolved organic matter on mucilaginous matrices of biofilm communities." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 139, no. 3 (June 6, 1997): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/139/1997/289.

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Jarvis, P., B. Jefferson, and S. A. Parsons. "Characterising natural organic matter flocs." Water Supply 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0064.

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Using a dynamic optical technique and settling column apparatus, natural organic matter floc structural characteristics were monitored and evaluated over a one year period to monitor the seasonal variation in floc structure at optimum coagulation dose and pH. The results show that flocs changed seasonally with different growth rates, size, response to shear and settling rate. Autumn and summer flocs were shown to be larger and less resistant to floc breakage when compared to the other seasons, suggesting reduced floc strength. Floc strength was observed to increase with smaller median floc size. The results of the settling tests indicated that the autumnal flocs were of a more open structure which helped to explain why they settled faster. In summary, the autumnal flocs had significantly different floc characteristics although it was difficult to relate the floc structure with the incoming water characteristics.
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Pulizzi, Fabio. "Nanoplastic versus natural organic matter." Nature Nanotechnology 16, no. 12 (December 2021): 1302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-01056-2.

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Aoustin, E. "Ultrafiltration of natural organic matter." Separation and Purification Technology 22-23, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2001): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(00)00143-x.

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Thomson, James, Adele Parkinson, and Felicity A. Roddick. "Depolymerization of Chromophoric Natural Organic Matter." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 12 (June 2004): 3360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049604j.

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Wells, Martha J. M., and Holly A. Stretz. "Supramolecular architectures of natural organic matter." Science of The Total Environment 671 (June 2019): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.406.

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Chefetz, Benny, Ashish P. Deshmukh, Patrick G. Hatcher, and Elizabeth A. Guthrie. "Pyrene Sorption by Natural Organic Matter." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 14 (July 2000): 2925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9912877.

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Smith, D. Scott, and Fengchang Wu. "Metal interactions with natural organic matter." Applied Geochemistry 22, no. 8 (August 2007): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.019.

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Kosobucki, Przemysław, and Bogusław Buszewski. "Natural Organic Matter in Ecosystems - a Review." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nbec-2015-0002.

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Abstract One of the most essential parameters limiting the potential use of the ecosystem (soil, water) is the content of the organic matter. The natural organic matter (NOM) is a ubiquitous component of the lithosphere and hydrosphere that constitutes one of the largest reservoirs of the carbon in the environment. Natural organic substances play several important functions in ecosystems and they are necessary for their normal functioning. Despite many years of the research and using many advanced analytical techniques, their structure has not been fully explained. The main aim of this review is to present the actual state of the knowledge about the natural organic matter and provide a comprehensive overview of the research that has explored up to date in this matter. The additional attention was focused on the relations within and between humic and fulvic acids in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Special attention is focused on the analytical methods used to analysis natural organic matter
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural organic matter"

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Sharp, Emma. "Natural organic matter coagulation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/2224.

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The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) is one of the main challenges facing water utilities in both the UK and the US. As a consequence of changes in land management and an increased carbon loss from solids, a greater amount of accumulated organics is now being flushed into the aquatic environment during increased surface run-off events such as snowmelt or heavy rainfall. Furthermore, whilst traditional treatment with trivalent coagulants has proven a successful strategy in the past, operational problems are now being reported during periods of elevated organic levels in the water. These include the formation of fragile flocs, a greater particulate carryover onto downstream processes and increased disinfection by product (DBP) formation. Resin adsorption techniques were employed to fractionate the water samples into their hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. This, coupled with raw water monitoring, revealed that NOM composition and characteristics can vary, even if the total organic concentrations appear stable. In particular, hydrophobic NOM fractions contribute the majority of the charge compared to the hydrophilic fractions, and therefore exert a greater impact on coagulation conditions. Comparison across different source waters, seasons, at varying experimental scales and under varying coagulation conditions, revealed that zeta potential monitoring during coagulation takes into account the changing electrical property of the water, and in general, maintaining a value between -10
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Koprivnjak, Jean-François. "Natural Organic Matter: Isolation and Bioavailability." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14564.

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Electrodialysis (ED) experiments were conducted on reverse osmosis (RO)-concentrated solutions of NOM from six rivers. The ED processes successfully recovered 88 11% of TOC, and removed 83% 19% of SO42- and 67% 18% of H4SiO4. More importantly, the molar ratios of SO42- /TOC and H4SiO4 /TOC were reduced to a mean value of 0.0046 and 0.032, respectively, surpassing the goal for removal of SO42- (0.008) and almost achieving the goal for removal of H4SiO4 (0.021). The ED process can lower the SO42- /TOC ratio in samples whose initial SO42- /TOC ratios are already far below the limit of 0.008 used in this study. The coupled RO/ED process that has been described here offers a fast, simple, chemically mild (relative to other methods), and reproducible method of isolation of large quantities of relatively unfractionated, low-ash NOM from freshwaters. RO/ED was also successfully used for isolating and concentrating marine dissolved organic matter (DOM). The effort successfully recovered a median of 72% of the TOC from 200 L samples within six to nine hours of processing through a combination of ED and RO, greatly exceeding the current norm of 30%. The relatively high recovery of DOM implies that classes of DOM previously missing are included in these samples and should yield new insight into the chemistry of marine DOM. Freshwater samples processed by electrodialysis were analyzed for elemental composition and by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Bulk elemental composition, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS data provide evidence linking bioavailabilty to the bulk chemistry of NOM: the H/C and N/C molar ratios are positively and strongly correlated with bioavailability, as hypothesized. Using an independent dataset (STORET) of water quality parameters, calculated BOD/TOC ratios were found to be moderately correlated with measured bioavailabilities and can be used as a surrogate for bioavailability of geochemically diverse riverine DOM.
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Koprivnjak, Jean-Franȯis. "Natural organic matter isolation and bioavailability /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082007-154052/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Perdue, E. Michael, Committee Chair ; Ingall, Ellery, Committee Member ; Stack, Andrew, Committee Member ; Nenes, Athanasios, Committee Member ; Pfromm, Peter, Committee Member.
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Klemedsson, Shicarra. "Flocculation of natural organic matter in Swedish lakes." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85118.

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Flocculation is an important part of the carbon cycle. It is therefore crucial to understand how flocculation is regulated and how different environmental factors impact. A dilemma is that it has been found difficult to measure flocculation experimentally. In this thesis, flocculation of dissolved organic carbon in a Swedish lake was measured in a series of laboratory experiments. The method used was Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). DLS is used to determine the size distribution profile of, for instance, small particles in suspension. DLS measures Brownian motion and relates it to the particle size by measuring the fluctuation in scattering intensity. It is not very effective to measure the frequency spectrum contained in the intensity fluctuations directly, so instead, a digital auto correlator is used. Since factors such as pH, salinity and calcium chloride content varies in lakes and is thought to have an impact on flocculation, this was investigated as well. As pH was changed in a range of 3 to 9, small changes in size distribution could be detected. Salinity and calcium chloride content have quite an impact on flocculation. Time also has a great impact, samples that were set to rest for a week showed a significant increase in particle size. For DLS to work, the samples need to be filtered of centrifuged to get rid of large particles. Different types of filters were tested to see which filter material was the best to use. When filtering the water we only want to filter out the large particles. Natural organic matter has a hydrophobic component which adsorbs to some filter types but not to others. It is crucial to know which filters this hydrophobic component adsorbs to, so that the loss of dissolved organic carbon during filtration can be minimalized.
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Gonsior, Michael, and n/a. "Dissolved organic matter in New Zealand natural waters." University of Otago. Department of Chemistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080501.114023.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most dynamic and least understood part of the global oceanic carbon cycle. Furthermore the molecular composition of DOM is largely unknown. This study focused on the distribution pattern, removal processes and molecular characterisation of DOM in a range of estuaries and coastal zones in New Zealand. Doubtful Sound, the longest fjord in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand was of particular interest, because of the combination of extreme rainfall, enhanced production of DOM within the temperate rainforest which largely appears in the relatively deep ([greater than or equal to] 5 m) low salinity layer (LSL) at the fjord surface. A typical river estuary (Freshwater River) located in Stewart Island, New Zealand was also investigated. Optical water properties such as the UV/Vis absorption coefficient at 355 nm (a[CDOM](355)) and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEM) were determined for samples from freshwater, across the LSL into open ocean water. These optical properties showed a marked decrease with salinity and highest levels of EEM fluorescence and a[CDOM] (355) in the brackish surface water. In addition to the observed changes in the optical properties, ultrahigh resolution Electrospray Ionisation Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) determination of molecular formulae revealed that in the fjord about 20 % of these formulae changed along a vertical salinity gradient across the LSL between the brackish surface water and the saline water at 5 m depth. This trend was even more pronounced along the salinity gradient of the Fresh Water River Estuary in Stewart Island, where 60 % of all assigned molecular masses changed from freshwater over the mixing zone to ocean water. Associated with these changes was a marked increase in aromaticity with increasing salinity. Comparable behaviour with increasing salinity was also observed in estuarine samples from the Cape Fear River system, North Carolina, USA. In contrast, only minor changes were determined in molecular formulae for surface water samples collected along a transect off the Otago Coast and across the Subtropical Convergence (STC) into Subantarctic Water (SAW). However, a comparison of the molecular formulae assigned to the DOM pool for the STC water and a freshwater stream in Doubtful Sound, revealed that 75 % of all the assigned formulae for the open ocean sample were common to these two markedly different types of natural waters. This seemingly refractory DOM contained nearly 600 assigned molecular formulae, which were all very similar (only spaced by two hydrogen and CH₂ groups) and could be explained with only 9 general molecular formulae. However, the comparison of all assigned formulae for the freshwater sample suggested that about 90 % of the assigned molecular formulae for the terrestrially-derived DOM changed as it moved from rivers to the open ocean and that only 10 % remained the same. Singlet oxygen showed a very close relationship with the optical properties such as the absorption coefficients (a[CDOM](355)) and the EEM fluorescence intensities and these results suggested that singlet oxygen steady state concentrations are linked to CDOM. Photodegradation processes were confirmed to be responsible for a significant destruction of CDOM. Samples collected from different salinity waters showed major differences in wavelength-dependent photo-decay of CDOM suggesting that the rate of photodegradation in the UV range decreased with increase in salinity whereas it was enhanced for longer wavelength radiation ([greater than or equal to]400 nm). Additionally, the predominantly unsaturated compounds produced during estuarine mixing were found to be highly photolabile and were either destroyed or new unsaturated compounds were produced within 21 h of solar irradiation.
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McDonald, Adrian. "Fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in natural waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243162.

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Odem, Wilbert Irwin Jr. "Natural Organic Matter Interactions with CU(II) in groundwater." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1991_471_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Dennett, Keith Elliot. "Coagulation of natural dissolved organic matter using ferric chloride." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21438.

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Thoss, Vera. "Chemical characterisation of dissolved organic matter in natural matices." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310867.

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Jarvis, Peter. "The impact of natural organic matter on floc structure." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4559.

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The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) at water treatment works (WTW) is essential in order to prevent toxic compounds forming during subsequent disinfection. Coagulation and flocculation processes remain the most common way of removing NOM. The properties of the resulting flocs that form are fundamental to the efficient removal of organic material. Periods of elevated NOM loads at WTW can lead to operational problems as a result of the deterioration in floc structural quality. Assessment of floc physical characteristics can therefore be a crucial tool in order to determine and predict solid-liquid removal performance at WTW. Here the growth, size, breakage, strength, re-growth, fractal dimension and settling velocity were measured for flocs formed from a NOM rich water source. NOM floc structural characteristics were measured and evaluated over a one year period in order to monitor the seasonal variation in floc structure. The results showed that a significant improvement in floc size and strength was seen during autumn and summer months. It was subsequently shown that as the organic fraction in the floc increases the floc size, settling velocity and fractal dimension all decrease. A model was proposed showing how these changes were dependent upon the adsorption of NOM onto primary particle surfaces. A range of different chemical coagulant treatment options were applied for NOM removal and the resulting floc structure compared. Considering both floc structure and optimum NOM removal the treatment systems were of the following order (best to worst): MIEX® + Fe > Fe > Fe + polymer > Al > polyDADMAC. NOM floc re-growth was shown to be limited for all the treatment systems investigated. The practical implications of the results were: (1) The requirement for careful coagulant dosing or order to achieve optimum floc characteristics. (2) The use of a pre-treatment anionic ion-exchange stage prior to coagulation. (3) A comparison of alum and ferric based coagulants suggested the ferric coagulants gave better floc structure and improved NOM removal rates.
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Books on the topic "Natural organic matter"

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Minear, Roger A., and Gary L. Amy, eds. Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0649.

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Barrett, Sylvia E., Stuart W. Krasner, and Gary L. Amy, eds. Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-Products. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0761.

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Bouwer, Edward J. Removal of natural organic matter in biofilters. Denver, Colo: AWWA Research Foundation, 1995.

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Xu, Jianming, Jianjun Wu, and Yan He, eds. Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2.

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Owen, Douglas M. Characterization of natural organic matter and its relationship to treatability. Denver, CO: The Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1993.

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Jim, Lozier, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Jim, Lozier, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Jim, Lozier, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Jim, Lozier, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Senesi, Nicola, Baoshan Xing, and Pan Ming Huang, eds. Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470494950.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural organic matter"

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Mansuri, Abdulkhaik, and Ashutosh Kumar. "Natural Organic Matter." In Environmental Toxicology and Ecosystem, 59–83. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003244349-4.

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Fane, Tony. "Natural Organic Matter (NOM)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_286-1.

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Mostofa, Khan M. G., Cong-qiang Liu, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Guojiang Wan, Hiroshi Ogawa, Davide Vione, Takahito Yoshioka, and Fengchang Wu. "Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters." In Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter, 1–137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_1.

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Mostofa, Khan M. G., Cong-qiang Liu, Takahito Yoshioka, Davide Vione, Yunlin Zhang, and Hiroshi Sakugawa. "Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters." In Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter, 429–559. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_6.

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Nurmi, James T., and Paul G. Tratnyek. "Electrochemistry of Natural Organic Matter." In ACS Symposium Series, 129–51. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1071.ch007.

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Mostofa, Khan M. G., Cong-qiang Liu, Hiroshi Sakugawa, Davide Vione, Daisuke Minakata, M. Saquib, and M. Abdul Mottaleb. "Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in Natural Waters." In Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter, 209–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_3.

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Mostofa, Khan M. G., Cong-qiang Liu, Davide Vione, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Hiroshi Ogawa, Shafi M. Tareq, and Takahito Yoshioka. "Colored and Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters." In Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter, 365–428. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_5.

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Mostofa, Khan M. G., Cong-qiang Liu, Kunshan Gao, Shijie Li, Davide Vione, and M. Abdul Mottaleb. "Impacts of Global Warming on Biogeochemical Cycles in Natural Waters." In Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter, 851–914. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_10.

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Mostofa, Khan M. G., Cong-qiang Liu, Daisuke Minakata, Fengchang Wu, Davide Vione, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Takahito Yoshioka, and Hiroshi Sakugawa. "Photoinduced and Microbial Degradation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters." In Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter, 273–364. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_4.

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Mostofa, Khan M. G., Cong-qiang Liu, Xinbin Feng, Takahito Yoshioka, Davide Vione, Xiangliang Pan, and Fengchang Wu. "Complexation of Dissolved Organic Matter with Trace Metal Ions in Natural Waters." In Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter, 769–849. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural organic matter"

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BAI, RENBI. "NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL IN DIRECT FILTRATION SYSTEM." In Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791924_0080.

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Marhaba, Taha F., and Neeraj S. Pipada. "Removal of Natural Organic Matter Fractions by Coagulation." In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)81.

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Havlova´, Va´clava, Radek Cˇervinka, Ulrich Noseck, Thomas Brasser, and Josef Havel. "The Ruprechtov Natural Analogue Site (CZ) Study: Mobile Natural Organic Matter Identification, Characterisation and Link to PA Relevant Processes." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16341.

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The Ruprechtov Natural Analogue (CZ) Programme has been focused on studying real system processes, relevant to performance assessment (PA) of sediment formations that can form the overburden of geological repository host rocks. The site has been extensively studied due to its geological constitution (granite – kaolin – clay – U mineralisation – organic matter). The presented study used Ruprechtov unique but well-described geological conditions in order to identify and characterise mobile organic matter (MOM) that can be easily released into groundwater and can influence PA relevant specie migration due to complexation/sorption reaction. The modern analytical method MALDI-TOF MS was used for characterisation. It was found that only a small fraction of sedimentary natural organic matter (NOM) from the site was easily releasable (max. 5%) as MOM, resulting in low organic substance concentration in natural groundwater. MOM amount released was decreasing with increasing NOM content. MALDI-TOF MS proved to be a useful tool to characterize organic substances, either natural ones or artificially released from natural organic matter samples. A noticeable fingerprint for all the MOM compounds analysed was found at MALDI-TOF MS spectra. This showed that MOM from the Ruprechtov site was in all cases composed of molecules with low molecular weight (under 1000 Da). As determined by the consequent geochemical analyses, despite groundwater reducing conditions MOM compounds would be mainly interacting with U(VT) in the groundwater, being present as more abundant U specie. Good correspondence of results enabled to consider the extracted humic acid HA 12/3 as a mobile organic matter fraction representative.
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"Behavior of plutonium in the mineral-natural organic matter system." In Behavior of plutonium in the mineral-natural organic matter system. NP CBR "Humus Sapiens", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2022.038.

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Stolpnikova, E., and N. Kovaleva. "SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN PALEOLANDSCAPE AND PALEOCLIMATIC RECONSTRACTIONS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES." In Man and Nature. Socio-natural interaction in the world-historical process. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1969.s-n_history_2020_43/217-221.

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Stefanescu, Mihai, Cristiana Cosma, Ionut Cristea, Ioana Ionescu, and Costel Bumbac. "DEGRADATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER FROM SURFACE WATER USING SONOLYSIS." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2015.0005.

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Usman, Muhammed Ojoshogu, and Myrna J. Simpson. "Assessing Molecular-Level Compositional Heterogeneity of Natural Organic Matter in Bentonites." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2653.

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Lv, Xueyan, and Xiaohong Ruan. "Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetland." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998681.

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Fadeev, Victor V., Vasilii V. Chubarov, and Elena M. Filippova. "Laser diagnostics of natural organic complexes in water environment." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cwf3.

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The ecological state of water environment is characterized by the contents of some organic substances in water. Due to the fluorescence properties of many organic compounds the laser fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used for remote sensing monitoring of natural water. In this paper the possibilities of laser spectroscopy were investigated to diagnose simultaneously the three most important ingredients of natural water: dissolved organic matter (humic substances), dissolved proteins, and petroleum hydrocarbons in dissolved-dispersed state. In our opinion the basic problem of fluorescence diagnostics is superposition of fluorescence bands from different organic substances. Getting information from sea water spectra is a very difficult task. For the solution of this problem the optimal wavelength range for fluorescence excitation of humic substances, petroleum hydrocarbons, and proteins was determined in this paper.
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Prabasari, Ira Galih, and Damris Muhammad. "Effects of Bio-char Application on Mobilization of Organic Matter at Talang Gulo Landfill - Jambi." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008548301600167.

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Reports on the topic "Natural organic matter"

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, and Yona Chen. Interactions of engineered nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and organic contaminants in water. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699863.bard.

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Background: Engineered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are expected to be increasingly released into the environment with the rapid increase in their production and use. The discharged CNTs may interact with coexisting contaminants and subsequently change environmental behaviors and ecological effects of both the CNTs themselves and the contaminants. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in the transport of CNTs in the aquatic environment, affecting both CNT's surface properties through adsorption, and its colloidal stability in solution. Therefore, CNT-bound DOM complexes may interact with coexisting contaminants, thus affecting their environmental fate. With increasing production and use of CNTs, there is an increasing risk that humans could be exposed to CNTs mainly through ingestion and inhalation. Since CNTs can be carriers of contaminants due to their high adsorption affinity and capacity, the distribution of these nanoparticles in the environment holds a potential environmental and health risk. Project objectives: The overall goal of this project was to gain a better understanding of the environmental behavior of engineered nanoparticles with DOM and organic pollutant in aqueous systems. The scope of this study includes: characterizing various types of engineered nanoparticles and their interaction with DOM; binding studies of organic contaminants by nanoparticles and DOM-nanoparticle complexes; and examining interactions in DOM-nanoparticles-contaminant systems. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: DOM has a pronounced effect on colloidal stability of CNTs in solution and on their surface chemistry and reactivity toward associated contaminants. The structure and chemical makeup of both CNTs and DOM determine their interactions and nature of formed complexes. CNTs, contaminants and DOM can co-occur in the aquatic environment. The occurrence of co-contaminants, as well as of co-introduction of DOM, was found to suppress the adsorption of organic contaminants to CNTs through both competition over adsorption sites and direct interactions in solution. Furthermore, the release of residual contaminants from CNTs could be enhanced by biomolecules found in the digestive as well as the respiratory tracts, thus increasing the bioaccessibility of adsorbed contaminants and possibly the overall toxicity of contaminant-associated CNTs. Contaminant desorption could be promoted by both solubilization and sorptive competition by biological surfactants. Scientific and agricultural implications: The information gained in the current project may assist in predicting the transport and fate of both CNTs and associated contaminants in the natural environment. Furthermore, the results imply a serious health risk from contaminant-associated CNTs.
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Santschi, Peter H. Complexation Reactions Between Trace Metals and Specific Functional Groups in Natural Organic Matter from Estuarine Waters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626695.

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Santschi, Peter. WATERSHED CONTROLS ON URANIUM CONCENTRATIONS TIED INTO NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER AND IRON INTERACTIONSIN STREAMBEDS AND WETLANDS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2234222.

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Author, Not Given. (The role of natural organic matter in the partitioning and transport of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6535735.

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James Saiers, Yale University (PI) and Joseph Ryan, University of Colorado (Co-PI). The Role of Natural Organic Matter and Mineral Colloids in the Transport of Contaminants through Heterogeneous Vadose-Zone Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1008337.

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Chorover, Jon, Patrick G. Hatcher, and William D. Burgos. Bioavailability of aromatic contaminants bound to solid and aqueous phase natural organic matter. Final report for period January 1997 - June 2001. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805011.

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Santschi, Peter H., Chen Xu, Peng Lin, Daniel D. I. Kaplan, and C. M. Yeager. COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER AND MICROBIAL CONTROLS ON MOBILIZATION/IMMOBILIZATION OF I AND PU IN SOILS AND WATERS AFFECTED BY RADIONUCLIDE RELEASES IN USA AND JAPAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1579739.

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McFarlane, Aaron, Nia Hurst, Carina Jung, and Charles Theiling. Evaluating soil conditions to inform Upper Mississippi River floodplain restoration projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48451.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has designed and constructed thousands of acres of ecosystem restoration features within the Upper Mississippi River System. Many of these projects incorporate island construction to restore geomorphic diversity and habitat, including floodplain forests. Soils are the foundation of the ecological function and successful establishment of floodplain forests as they are the basis through which plants obtain water and nutrients and provide critical ecosystem services. To improve floodplain forest island restoration outcomes, three natural and four recently (<10 years) constructed restoration sites were studied to compare soil physical, chemical, microbial, and fungal characteristics. Constructed islands had lower soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon and differed in nutrient concentrations, bacterial assemblages, and fungal communities compared to reference sites. However, soil enzyme activity and some microbial community characteristics were functionally similar between the natural and created sites. Results align with previously established restoration trajectory theories where hydrological and basic microbial ecosystem functions are restored almost immediately, but complex biologically mediated and habitat functions require more time to establish. Data from this and future studies will help increase the long-term success of USACE floodplain forest restoration, improve island design, and help develop region-specific restoration trajectory curves to better anticipate the outcomes of floodplain forest creation projects.
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Phillips, Donald A., Yitzhak Spiegel, and Howard Ferris. Optimizing nematode management by defining natural chemical bases of behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587234.bard.

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This project was based on the hypothesis that nematodes interacting with plants as either parasites or beneficial saprophytes are attracted to their host by natural products. This concept was supported by numerous observations that parasitic nematodes are attracted to root exudates. Our overall goal was to identify nematode sensory compounds from root exudates and to use that information for reducing nematicide applications. We applied skills of the investigators to achieve three specific objectives: 1) Identify nematode behavioral cues (e.g., attractants or repellents) in root exudates; 2) Identify new natural nematicidal compounds; and 3) Combine a natural attractant and a nematicide into a nematode trap. Because saprophytic nematodes benefit plants by mineralizing organic matter, we sought compounds attractive primarily to parasitic nematodes. The project was constructed on several complementary foundations. First, data from Dr. Spiegel’s lab showed that under aseptic conditions Ditylenchus dipsaci, a parasite on onion, is attracted to certain fractions of onion root exudates. Second, PI Phillips had a sizeable collection of natural plant products he had identified from previous work on Rhizobium-legume interactions, which could be tested “off the shelf”. Third, Dr. Ferris had access to aseptic and natural populations of various saprophytic and parasitic nematodes. The project focused on five nematode species: D.dipsaci, Heterodera avenae, and Tylenchulussemipenetransat ARO, and Meloidogyne javanicand Caenorhabditis elegans at UCD. Ten pure plant compounds, mostly flavonoids, were tested on the various nematode species using six different assay systems. Results obtained with assorted test systems and by various scientists in the same test systems were essentially irreproducible. Many convincing, Many convincing, i.e. statistically significant, results in one system or with one investigator could not be repeated with other assays or different people. A recent report from others found that these compounds, plus another 30, were inactive as attractants in three additional parasitic nematode species (Wuyts et al. Nematology 8:89- 101, 2006). Assays designed to test the hypothesis that several compounds together are required to attract nematodes have thus far failed to find a reproducibly active combination. In contrast to results using pure plant compounds, complex unfractionated exudates from aseptic onion root reproducibly attracted D. dipsaci in both the ARO and UCD labs. Onion root exudate collection, separation into HPLC fractions, assays using D. dipsaci and MS-MS experiments proceeded collaboratively between ARO and UCD without any definitive identification of an active compound. The final active fraction contained two major molecules and traces of several other compounds. In the end, analytical studies were limited by the amount of onion root exudate and the complexity of the purification process. These tests showed that aseptic plant roots release attractant molecules, but whether nematodes influence that release, as insects trigger release of attractants from plants, is unknown. Related experiments showed that the saprophyte C. elegans stimulates its prey, Pseudomonas bacteria, to increase production of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) a compound that promotes amino acid exudation by plant roots. It is thus possible that saprophytic nematodes are attracted primarily to their bacterial or fungal prey and secondarily to effects of those microorganisms on root exudation. These observations offer promising avenues for understanding root-zone interactions, but no direct routes to controlling nematodes in agriculture were evident. Extracts from two plant sources, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sequoia sempervirens, showed nematicidal activity at ARO and UCD, respectively. Attempts to purify an active compound from S. sempervirens failed, but preliminary results from C. coronarium are judged to form a potential basis for further work at ARO. These results highlight the problems of studying complex movement patterns in sentient organisms like nematodes and the issues associated with natural product isolation from complex mixtures. Those two difficulties combined with complications now associated with obtaining US visas, slowed and ultimately limited progress on this project. As a result, US investigators expended only 65% of the $207,400 originally planned for this project. The Israeli side of the project advanced more directly toward its scientific goals and lists its expenditures in the customary financial report.
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Rittman, Bruce. Biotic Transformations of Organic Contaminants. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ousn4116.

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Biodegradation—the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms—is an important groundwater process that occurs naturally and is especially important for the in situ cleanup of contaminated groundwater. Pollutant biodegradation follows well-established principles that are summarized in this book. The first principle is that the microorganisms must grow and sustain themselves by oxidizing an electron-donor substrate (food) and transferring the electrons to an electron-acceptor substrate (respiration). This electron flow generates energy that the microorganisms use to fuel biomass synthesis. Most pollutants are either an electron acceptor or an electron donor, which means that their biotransformation can grow and sustain the microorganisms. Accordingly, it is critical to understand whether a pollutant is an electron donor or electron acceptor. This book systematically describes the biodegradation mechanisms for common organic pollutants in groundwater: The author identifies if the pollutant behaves as an electron donor or acceptor, and points out when special activation reactions are necessary to initiate biodegradation and put the pollutant into a chemical form that allows it to be an energy-yielding electron donor or acceptor. Special attention is given to organics derived from petroleum and those that have chlorine, fluorine, and nitro substituents.
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