Journal articles on the topic 'Natural Marine Reserve'
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Li, Jing. "Designating Marine Reserves Is not Just an Ecological Process." Environment and Pollution 5, no. 2 (September 29, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ep.v5n2p72.
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Marine natural resource and ocean species are endangered because of human activities. In order to avoid marine natural resource depletion and recover marine ecosystem, marine reserves are created. The report will introduce the marine reserve definition and its functions. In addition, the report will describe three main marine reserves in Australia. Moreover, it will explain why designating marine reserves is not an ecological process.
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Rodwell, Lynda D., Edward B. Barbier, Callum M. Roberts, and Tim R. McClanahan. "The importance of habitat quality for marine reserve fishery linkages." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-009.
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We model marine reserve fishery linkages to evaluate the potential contribution of habitat-quality improvements inside a marine reserve to fish productivity and fishery catches. Data from Mombasa Marine National Park, Kenya, and the adjacent fishery are used. Marine reserves increase total fish biomass directly by providing refuge from exploitation and indirectly by improving fish habitat in the reserve. As natural mortality of the fish stock decreases in response to habitat enhancement in the reserve, catches increase by up to 2.6 tonnes (t)·km2·year1 and total fish biomass by up to 36 t·km2. However, if habitat-quality improvement reduces the propensity of fish to move out of the reserve, catches may fall by up to 0.9 t·km2·year1. Our results indicate that habitat protection in reserves can underpin fish productivity and, depending on its effects on fish movements, augment catches.
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Starr, Richard M., Victoria O'Connell, Stephen Ralston, and Laurence Breaker. "Use of Acoustic Tags to Estimate Natural Mortality, Spillover, and Movements of Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in a Marine Reserve." Marine Technology Society Journal 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533205787521677.
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Advances in electronic telemetry systems have led to fish tagging studies that are sufficiently long to provide estimates of natural mortality of many marine fishes. We used acoustic transmitters and an array of recording receivers to estimate natural mortality, residence times, and rates of movements of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in a marine reserve in southeast Alaska. We surgically implanted acoustic tags in a total of 83 lingcod in December 1999 and July 2000, and distributed recording monitors with receiving ranges of at least 800 m throughout the reserve. The receivers were anchored on the seafloor in locations that resulted in overlapping receiving ranges, and thus created an array of receivers that completely encompassed an 8 km2 reserve. In this way, we were able to estimate natural mortality rates and track movements of tagged lingcod into and out of the reserve from December 1999 through October 2001. Acoustic tag results indicated that most of the tagged fish frequently left the reserve, but were only absent for short time periods. Tagged fish showed a high degree of site fidelity. The large number of signals received from tagged fish enabled us to generate models that provided a way to predict the effects of marine reserves on yield and eggs per recruit for a cohort of female lingcod.
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Rodwell, Lynda D., and Callum M. Roberts. "Fishing and the impact of marine reserves in a variable environment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-142.
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We use discrete-time models to investigate the impact of marine reserve establishment on fishery catch and biomass levels in open-access and quota-regulated fisheries under conditions of recruitment variability and natural mortality events. We find that under the conditions of variability tested, reserves can increase the probability of achieving target levels of biomass (60%, 35%, and 5% of carrying capacity) and can reduce catch variability in neighbouring fisheries, making future planning in the fishery more efficient. The size of the reserve required to meet each objective will depend on the initial condition of the stock and the exploitation rate in the fishery. Reserve coverage of between 20% and 40% prevent stock collapse in most cases. In heavily exploited fisheries, reserves are also likely to enhance mean catches, particularly in highly variable systems. If the stock has previously been heavily exploited, large reserves (≥60%) may be required to significantly increase the probability of achieving target biomass levels. However, once stocks have recovered, reserve coverage may be reduced without a reduction in this probability of success.
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KAY, MATTHEW C., and JONO R. WILSON. "Spatially explicit mortality of California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) across a marine reserve network." Environmental Conservation 39, no. 3 (March 2, 2012): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000695.
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SUMMARYStudies of marine reserves typically focus upon differences in the size and abundance of target organisms inside versus outside reserve borders, but they seldom provide spatially explicit measurements of how reserves influence mortality rates. This study investigated mortality rates for female California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) at multiple sites inside and outside of three marine reserves at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, California, USA. Mean total mortality (Z) of female lobsters was lower at sites inside reserves (Z = 0.22 [± 0.05 SE]) than at sites outside reserves (Z = 0.59 [± 0.02 SE]). Mean mortality at all sites inside reserves, and among sites near reserve centres (where Z = 0.17 [± 0.05 SE]), was similar to estimates of natural mortality for other temperate spiny lobster species. Among sites inside reserves, there was a positive relationship between mortality and proximity to reserve borders, but this relationship was absent among sites outside reserves. Mortality estimates were much more variable among sites inside reserves than at sites in fished areas. This variation is probably due to differential emigration rates from the three reserves, as well as site-specific ecological factors that influence population structure, demonstrating the importance of spatially explicit reserve sampling and understanding how ecological heterogeneity influences fisheries models.
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CLARKE, PEPE, and STACY D. JUPITER. "Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji)." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 1 (March 2010): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000354.
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SUMMARYNational laws and institutions interact with local governance systems to encourage CBNRM in some cases while creating conflict in others. A case study of Kubulau District (Bua Province, Fiji) illustrates the challenges and successes of implementing traditional community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) within a pluralist legal and institutional context. In 2005, the communities of Kubulau established a network of protected areas, including 17 traditional closures (tabu), three no-take district marine reserves, a legally–declared forest reserve and a proposed forest reserve, managed under an integrated ‘ridge-to-reef’ plan. Marine and terrestrial areas in Kubulau illustrate synergies and discord between national laws and community management rules, and provide examples of management success and conflict. Key components influencing diverse management outcomes in Kubulau include (1) the legal status of customary resource tenure, (2) incorporation of local knowledge, traditions and priorities, (3) clearly articulated relationships between local decision-making processes and government regulation, and (4) perceived equity in distribution of management benefits. Legal and institutional reforms are proposed to improve management of natural resources in Fiji.
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Smith, Anne E., Philip M. Wheeler, and Magnus L. Johnson. "Artificial reefs and marine protected areas: a study in willingness to pay to access Folkestone Marine Reserve, Barbados, West Indies." PeerJ 4 (July 20, 2016): e2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2175.
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Artificial reefs in marine protected areas provide additional habitat for biodiversity viewing, and therefore may offer an innovative management solution for managing for coral reef recovery and resilience. Marine park user fees can generate revenue to help manage and maintain natural and artificial reefs. Using a stated preference survey, this study investigates the present consumer surplus associated with visitor use of a marine protected area in Barbados. Two hypothetical markets were presented to differentiate between respondents use values of either: (a) natural reefs within the marine reserve or (b) artificial reef habitat for recreational enhancement. Information was also collected on visitors’ perceptions of artificial reefs, reef material preferences and reef conservation awareness. From a sample of 250 visitors on snorkel trips, we estimate a mean willingness to pay of US$18.33 (median—US$15) for natural reef use and a mean value of US$17.58 (median—US$12.50) for artificial reef use. The number of marine species viewed, age of respondent, familiarity with the Folkestone Marine Reserve and level of environmental concern were statistically significant in influencing willingness to pay. Regression analyses indicate visitors are willing to pay a significant amount to view marine life, especially turtles. Our results suggest that user fees could provide a considerable source of income to aid reef conservation in Barbados. In addition, the substantial use value reported for artificial reefs indicates a reef substitution policy may be supported by visitors to the Folkestone Marine Reserve. We discuss our findings and highlight directions for future research that include the need to collect data to establish visitors’ non-use values to fund reef management.
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Jessopp, M. J. "The quick and the dead: larval mortality due to turbulent tidal transport." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 3 (May 16, 2007): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055580.
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Marine populations are typically connected over greater spatial scales than their terrestrial counterparts due to many species having a highly dispersive, planktonic larval phase. However, high levels of larval mortality in the plankton may reduce connectivity between populations. The effect of turbulence on larval mortality was investigated under natural conditions in a field experiment. Larvae were collected before and after being subjected to turbulent tidal flow from a marine reserve, with differential mortality being observed between taxa. Thin-shelled veligers of gastropods and bivalves showed significantly increased mortality, while barnacle nauplii and cyprids, bryozoan cyphonaute larvae and polychaete trochophores showed no effect of turbulent tidal transport. Where appropriate, marine reserve design should account for the reduced connectivity between populations associated with turbulent tidal transport between reserve and adjacent areas.
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Storero, Lorena P., Maite A. Narvarte, and Raúl A. González. "Marine Protected Areas: reserve effect or natural variability? The Patagonian octopus case." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 1 (May 11, 2012): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000525.
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Population characteristics can be influenced by specific factors of the habitat and the natural variability of populations can confuse the effect related to protected environments. This study compares the demographic characteristics of Octopus tehuelchus in three coastal environments: two Marine Protected Areas (San Antonio Bay (SAB) and Islote Lobos (IL)) and a traditional fishing zone (El Fuerte (EF)). Weight–frequency distributions, sex-ratio and recruitment were monthly compared between the three intertidal zones. Octopus tehuelchus was smaller in IL, where fishing intensity is lower or null, and reached the largest sizes in the main fishing area of EF and within SAB (where there is no regulation and a mid–high fishing intensity). The sex proportion in SAB and EF was 1:1 all along the year. Although the proportion of mature females in IL was higher, the highest recruitment was observed in EF (the traditional fishing ground). These new data suggest that previous studies, which reported that Marine Protected Areas have positive effects for O. tehuelchus populations, can no longer be supported, and highlight the importance of understanding and quantifying the magnitude and range of natural variability in each environment when assessing the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas.
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Keith, Inti, Terence P. Dawson, Ken J. Collins, and Marnie L. Campbell. "Marine invasive species: establishing pathways, their presence and potential threats in the Galapagos Marine Reserve." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 4 (2016): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15020.
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Worldwide, marine biological invasions of non-native species have increased significantly in recent years due to a rapid rise in global trade, transport and tourism. Invasions occur when non-native species are transported from one region to another and establish, often resulting in competition displacing native species and changing ecosystems. Historic literature searches were conducted along with dive surveys of the main ports and in sites around the archipelago in order to produce a baseline of which non-native species are present in the Galapagos Marine Reserve at this time. Confounding processes of anthropogenic and natural activities are increasing the potential spread of marine invasive species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and the Galapagos Marine Reserve. We discuss the potential vectors facilitating marine invasions with the suggestion that marine traffic could be the most influential vector in the transport of marine non-natives to the Galapagos Marine Reserve. The challenge for marine park authorities is to identify those species that are likely to cause negative impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystems before they establish in the Galapagos, and to develop pre-emptive strategies that would likely include prevention as well as risk-based management strategies to remove them or to mitigate their harmful effects.
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Huntington, Brittany E., Mandy Karnauskas, Elizabeth A. Babcock, and Diego Lirman. "Untangling Natural Seascape Variation from Marine Reserve Effects Using a Landscape Approach." PLoS ONE 5, no. 8 (August 20, 2010): e12327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012327.
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Spoto, Maurizio, and Carlo Franzosini. "The natural marine reserve of Miramare (Trieste, Italy): Tourism and environmental education." Ocean and Shoreline Management 16, no. 1 (January 1991): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90038-4.
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Lee, Matthew R., and Juan Carlos Castilla. "Do changes in microhabitat availability within a Marine Reserve reduce the species richness of small mobile macrofauna and meiofauna?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 6 (September 9, 2011): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411001172.
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Extensive beds of the mussel Perumytilus purpuratus are a common feature of the mid-intertidal along the Chilean coast. The beds are an alternative stable state that results from the anthropogenic removal of the keystone predator Concholepas concholepas. The mussel beds constitute an important microhabitat that supports a large number of small mobile macrofaunal and meiofaunal species. This paper seeks to determine if the absence of extensive mussel beds within a Marine Reserve results in a reduced species richness. We used ‘live’ artificial mussel beds on plates to determine the species richness of fauna both inside and outside the Marine Reserve. There were no significant differences in the species richness (Smean) on plates inside and outside the Marine Reserve but there were differences with the natural mussel beds. Though the assemblages on the plates did not reach maturity ‘live’, artificial mussel beds could prove a useful tool for assessing the species richness of small mobile macrofauna and meiofauna.
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Kolesnikova, E. A., and A. R. Boltachev. "To the memory of I. I. Maslov (12.04.1952 − 29.12.2016)." Marine Biological Journal 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2017.02.2.10.
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Our good friend, a well-known hydrobiologist, an expert in the field of marine algology and environmental protection, an ecologist and aquarist, a scientific secretary, the head of the department of natural ecosystems and the reserve business of the NNC Nikitsky Botanical Garden, the general director of the Cape Martyan Nature Reserve in Crimea, Doctor of Biological Sciences Ivan Igorevich Maslov died after a serious illness.
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Sadogurskiy, S. Yu, T. V. Belich, and S. О. Sadogurska. "Supplement to the macroalgal flora of the Natural Reserve «Cape Martyan» (Crimea, the Black Sea)." Algologia 32, no. 4 (December 2022): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg32.04.340.
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As a result of the monitoring studies based on the materials from 2019, six new species of macroalgae were identified for the marine area of the Nature Reserve «Cape Martyan», located on the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC): Bolbocoleon piliferum Pringsh., Giraudia sphacelarioides Derbès et Solier, Myrionema balticum (Reinke) Foslie, Lithophyllum cystoseirae (Hauck) Heydr., Bonnemaisonia hamifera Har., Choreonema thuretii (Bornet) F.Schmitz (the latter two species were recorded for the hydrobotanical region «Southern Coast of Crimea» for the first time). As a result, the list of marine macrophytes within the boundaries of the Nature Reserve now includes 160 species and intraspecific taxa at the species rank, which consist about 36% of the total number of macrophytes identified in the Black Sea. Thus, the protected water area near the Cape Martyan continues to function as one of the key refugia for natural phytodiversity in the region. At the same time, B. hamifera is an invasive transforming species that has recently invaded the SCC region. This is a threat to the ecosystem of the Nature Reserve, and in the nearest future the invasion may cover the entire Northern Black Sea region. Thus, on the one hand, the results of the study expand the understanding of the level of natural phytodiversity of the reserve, the hydrobotanical region and the region as a whole, but on the other hand – they indicate the problem of developing biological invasion, which, under the conditions of the isolated Azov-Black Sea basin, can have catastrophic consequences.
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Macpherson, E., A. García-Rubies, and A. Gordoa. "Direct estimation of natural mortality rates for littoral marine fishes using populational data from a marine reserve." Marine Biology 137, no. 5-6 (December 12, 2000): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000408.
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Thomassin, Aurélie, Gilbert David, Julie Duchêne, and Claire Bissery. "Measuring Recreational Fishers’ Social Acceptance of the Natural Marine Reserve of Reunion Island." Coastal Management 39, no. 4 (July 2011): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2011.589222.
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Morgan, Lance E., Louis W. Botsford, Stephen R. Wing, and Barry D. Smith. "Spatial variability in growth and mortality of the red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, in northern California." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 980–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-046.
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Natural and fishing mortality rates of the red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, in northern California were estimated from growth increment and size distribution data under the assumption of a constant recruitment rate. Mean asymptotic test diameter, standard deviation of asymptotic test diameter, growth rate coefficient, and natural mortality rate were first estimated for three nominally unharvested sites, Bodega Marine Reserve, Caspar Closure, and Salt Point. These estimated growth and mortality parameters differed among sites, leading to substantially different yield-per-recruit surfaces. Estimates of fishing mortality rate from size distributions collected at 11 harvested sites were then calculated based on the growth and natural mortality estimates obtained from the Caspar Closure and Bodega Marine Reserve sites. Estimates of fishing mortality rate ranged from 0.11 to 1.87·year-1. The alongshore pattern of fishing mortality rate was moderately correlated with landings and effort, but the spatial pattern of rare, strong recruitment events also appeared to influence values of fishing mortality rate. The positive bias in estimates of fishing mortality rate due to recruitment variability indicated that our observed pattern in estimated values for fishing mortality rate could have been caused by the historical spatial pattern of interannual variability in recruitment.
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Rocklin, Delphine, Marie-Catherine Santoni, Jean-Michel Culioli, Jean-Antoine Tomasini, Dominique Pelletier, and David Mouillot. "Changes in the catch composition of artisanal fisheries attributable to dolphin depredation in a Mediterranean marine reserve." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 4 (March 11, 2009): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp036.
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AbstractRocklin, D., Santoni, M-C., Culioli, J-M., Tomasini, J-A., Pelletier, D., and Mouillot, D. 2009. Changes in the catch composition of artisanal fisheries attributable to dolphin depredation in a Mediterranean marine reserve. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 699–707. There is increasing evidence from previous studies, and from fishers’ observations, that coastal dolphins use fishing nets as an easily accessible feeding source, damaging or depredating fish caught in the nets. This study investigates the impact of dolphin depredation on artisanal trammelnets by analysing the catch composition of 614 artisanal fishing operations in the Bonifacio Strait Natural Reserve (France). Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) attacked, on average, 12.4% of the nets and damaged 8.3% of the catch. However, attacked nets were characterized by statistically significantly higher catch per unit effort than unattacked ones. Catch composition also differed significantly after dolphin attacks; bentho-pelagic fish were more represented and reef-associated fish less represented. Our results suggest that (i) dolphins are attracted by high fish densities in the fishing area and/or nets, and (ii) their attacks induce specific fish-avoidance behaviour, according to the fish position in the water column. Although dolphins depredate a small part of the catch, damage to nets, not yet assessed in this area, could weaken the benefits that reserves can provide to artisanal fisheries.
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Gâștescu, P. "The Ecosystems of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve state-of the-art." Risks and Catastrophes Journal 28, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 9–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rcj2021_1.
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Taking into account the morphologic-hydrographic configuration of natural ecosystems or ecosystems partly modified by man the area, its flora and fauna communities and the long-term human impact, the two main categories of Danube Delta ecosystems associated with Razim-Sinoie lake complex, coastal marine waters and the Danube flood plain between Isaccea and Tulcea, as part of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, have been delimited: natural ecosystems or ecosystems partly modified by man; anthropic ecosystems. To identify and characterize ecosystems, there have been analysed the data on hydrography, morphology, biodiversity, human settlements, types of land use, spatial changes through the construction of agricultural, fisheries, forestry polders, modification of the network of channels and canals with consequences on the water circulation system inside the delta. The first category, of natural and partly modified by man ecosystems comprises 23 types (water bodies: running waters-Danube and its main branches, channels and canals; standing freshwater-lakes; standing brackish and salt waters-coastal lagoons, coastal, marine zones; wetlands: water fringe vegetation-flooded reed beds, floating reed beds , riparian willow formations, frequently flooded river levees; forests, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation: temperate riverine forests-mixed oak woods, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, steppe meadows, meadows on low marine levees; dunes, beaches).The second category, of anthropic ecosystems includes 7 types (agricultural lands, forest areas-plantation on the river banks, fish farms, settlements-villages, towns). With the establishment of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve in 1990, with the statutory provisions on the protection and conservation of biodiversity, the deltaic landscape, some of the previous pressures were reduced, but the pollution of the Danube waters less consolidated beaches (Sulina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Chituc) and related with touristic activities, on ecosystems as a whole. The tourism activities also must represent not only a positive and dynamic development factor but also a practical solution to keeping the environment unaltered. These aspects were mentioned in the characterization of the ecosystems presented in this article.
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Martínez, Pilar, and Sergio A. Navarrete. "Temporal and spatial variation in settlement of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas in natural and artificial substrata." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 2 (April 2002): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540200543x.
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Settlement of Concholepas concholepas (Gastropoda: Muricidae) on natural and artificial substrata was studied between April 1999 and March 2001 at two sites in central Chile; the Las Cruces Marine Reserve and El Quisco Management and Exploited Area. Four different artificial materials were tested in the low intertidal zone during 1999 settlement season to determine their properties as settlement and microhabitat substrata for competent Concholepas larvae. Globular pads made of plastic filaments were identified as the best artificial collectors, exhibiting overall higher settlement rates than rock plots and lower variability among replicates within a given site. Thus, subsequent monitoring of settlement used only these globular pads that were replaced twice monthly. The temporal pattern of settlement was remarkably similar from year to year, starting at the end of austral winter (August–September) and ending in summer (December–January), defining a temporally restricted settlement season. Settlement at two sites within the Marine Reserve of Las Cruces was significantly higher than at sites in El Quisco. However, during the second settlement season, an additional site at El Quisco exhibited settlement rates comparable to those observed at Las Cruces. The results show that Concholepas settlement varies significantly over scales of several hundreds of metres as well as tens of kilometres, probably due to differences in coastal oceanographic conditions.
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Bouchereau, J. L., P. Body, and C. Chauvet. "Growth of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Linnnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei, Serranidae), in the Natural Marine Reserve of Lavezzi Islands, Corsica, France." Scientia Marina 63, no. 1 (March 30, 1999): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.1999.63n171.
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POTIKHA, ELENA, and TATYANA VSHIVKOVA. "The caddisfly faunas (Insecta, Trichoptera) of Protected Natural Areas in southern Far East Russia." Zoosymposia 10, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.33.
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The caddisfly fauna of 10 Protected Natural Areas (PNAs) in the southern part of the Russian Far East (9 on the continental part of Primorye Territory, and 1 on Kunashir Island, South Kuriles) were investigated and analyzed based on our own and literature data. The total caddisfly species list of studied PNAs includes 310 species of 90 genera, belonging to 26 families. The Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve is habitat for 97 species, Udege Legend − 56, Khankaysky − 119, Ussuriisky − 93, Lazovsky − 68, Tiger Call − 42, Kedrovaya Pad − 93, Leopard Land − 80, Far Eastern Marine − 59, and Kurilsky − 87. One hundred fifty-two species are added to lists of caddisflies in studied PNAs including, 5 in Sikhote-Alin, 40 in Udege Legend, 15 in Khankaysky, 11 in Ussuriisky, 8 in Lazovsky, 18 in Tiger Call, 2 in Kedrovaya Pad, 27 in Leopard Land, and 17 in Far Eastern Marine. Among 28 endemic and rare species, some are recommended for inclusion in the Russian Red Lists. A comparison of Trichoptera faunas showed the highest similarity between mountain, forested, well-investigated PNAs: Sikhote-Alin, Kedrovaya Pad, and Ussuriisky. The most distinctive caddisfly fauna is in the insular, southeasternmost Kurile Nature Reserve (63.2% specificity relative to other studied PNAs), and in the unforested lowland Khankaysky Nature Reserve (34.7% specificity). Comparisons of the species lists of closely located areas without accounting for longitudinal distribution of organisms and landscape peculiarities largely helps to identify faunal-landscape complexes, rather than biogeographic differences among faunas. All caddisfly species discovered in the PNAs are considered inhabitants of clean waters and their Tolerance Values are estimated from 0 to 4 (on a scale of 0 to 10) as a starting point.
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Amador, Elmo Da Silva. "Geologia e Geomorfologia da Planície Costeira da Praia do Sul: Ilha Grande - Uma Contribuição à Elaboração do Plano Diretor da Reserva Biológica." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 11 (January 1, 1987): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1987_0_35-58.
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Based on stratigraphical, sedimentological and geomorphological methods, a preliminary stratigraphic division is proposed to the Praia do Sul coastal plain, a state Biological Reserve, located in "Ilha Grande", Rio de Janeiro. This reserve was created to preserve the natural ecosystems found therein (sandy coastal plain, mangrove, lagoon, rocky coast and hillside fo rest). The Praia do Sul sedimentation plain is essentially constituted by continental gravels and sands of Upper Pleistocene, marine sandy formations, fluvial-lagoonal sandy-clayer formations and present mangrove swamps and beachs. The paleogeographic evolution of this area can be followed through the sedimentary association that permits to establish the transgressive and regressive process that occured during the Quaternary period.
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Muwarni, Sri. "Analysis of Heavy Metals in Coral Fish Species in Sea Natural Reserves of Krakatau Islands." International Journal of Ecophysiology 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijoep.v1i2.1273.
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Krakatau Islands is an area of Nature Reserve and Marine Nature Reserve which has volcanic activity, because of the existence of Gunung Anak Krakatau which is active every year. Volcanic ash erupted contains potentially hazardous chemicals in the form of heavy metals. Heavy metals that enter into waters at a certain level can cause pollution which endangers the lives of biota and disrupt other natural resources in marine ecosystems. This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, and Ag in reef fish species in the Krakatau Islands. Fish sampling was carried out at three points, namely Anak Krakatau Island, Panjang Island and Rakata Island. The number of individuals obtained was 9 individuals consisting of 5 families, 5 genera and 7 species. Samples of Coral fish were analyzed using Inducible Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-OES - ThermoFishers Scientific). The Pb concentrations in P. vittatus, S. virgatus, S. schlegeli and A. xanthopper have exceeded the quality standard values set by FAO. The highest concentration of Ni metal is found in P. vittatus and Cd in all reef fish species that have exceeded the quality standard. Excepted for S.virgatus, Co in all species is above the quality standard value of 0.1 mg/kg. Meanwhile, for all species obtained the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe and Zn did not exceed the standard quality values. The type of metal contained in Z. cornutus, the highest is Fe with a value of 14,427 mg/kg and the lowest is Co with a value of 0.099 mg /kg.
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Christianen, Marjolijn J. A., Peter M. J. Herman, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Leon P. M. Lamers, Marieke M. van Katwijk, Tjisse van der Heide, Peter J. Mumby, et al. "Habitat collapse due to overgrazing threatens turtle conservation in marine protected areas." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1777 (February 22, 2014): 20132890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2890.
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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for combatting the global overexploitation of endangered species. The prevailing paradigm is that MPAs are beneficial in helping to restore ecosystems to more ‘natural’ conditions. However, MPAs may have unintended negative effects when increasing densities of protected species exert destructive effects on their habitat. Here, we report on severe seagrass degradation in a decade-old MPA where hyper-abundant green turtles adopted a previously undescribed below-ground foraging strategy. By digging for and consuming rhizomes and roots, turtles create abundant bare gaps, thereby enhancing erosion and reducing seagrass regrowth. A fully parametrized model reveals that the ecosystem is approaching a tipping point, where consumption overwhelms regrowth, which could potentially lead to complete collapse of the seagrass habitat. Seagrass recovery will not ensue unless turtle density is reduced to nearly zero, eliminating the MPA's value as a turtle reserve. Our results reveal an unrecognized, yet imminent threat to MPAs, as sea turtle densities are increasing at major nesting sites and the decline of seagrass habitat forces turtles to concentrate on the remaining meadows inside reserves. This emphasizes the need for policy and management approaches that consider the interactions of protected species with their habitat.
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Nikulina, I. V., and R. N. Sabirov. "Trophic migrations of the brown bear in the forest landscapes of the Vostochny Nature Reserve on Sakhalin Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 946, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/946/1/012042.
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Abstract The article deals with trophic migrations of the brown bear in the characteristic forest landscapes of the Vostochny Nature Reserve. Active life of a bear in the reserve begins after hibernation and is directly related to foraging in different seasons of the year. In the spring-early summer period, bears concentrate in valley forest complexes and coastal-marine landscapes, where, along with plant food, they obtain various products of animal origin thrown out of the sea. During the summer period, from the beginning of the course of salmon and until the end of their spawning, the animals mainly live in the mouths of rivers, and as the fish move, they go upstream and are distributed among their numerous tributaries. During the autumn period, bears concentrate mainly in mountainous forest landscapes and high-altitude natural complexes of the reserve, where they eat ripe berries and pine nuts, their trophic migrations are significantly reduced.
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Xu, Lingqian, Nasreen Jeelani, Shubo Fang, Shuqing An, and Aixin Hou. "Assessing the hazards of trace metals in different land use types around a coastal wetland nature reserve in China." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 5 (2018): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17123.
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An understanding of trace metal pollution due to reclamation activities around Yancheng National Nature Reserve is important for the utilisation and management of the reserve and surrounding coastal and marine areas. In the present study, we evaluated the current state of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn pollution (total concentrations and ecological risk), their potential hazard (availability index and desorption rate) and soil properties (cation exchange capacity, iron and manganese oxide content, soil organic matter, salinity and pH) in different land use types around this nature reserve. Although the current state of trace metal pollution was not severe, the potential hazards of these trace metals should not be ignored, especially for Cd because of its significantly higher availability index values in farmlands and aquaculture ponds than in natural habitats (by 33 and 32% of the total amount of Cd respectively). Thus, strict monitoring and environmentally responsible land reclamation management practices should be considered for these coastal areas.
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Kleczkowski, Matt, Russ C. Babcock, and Geordie Clapin. "Density and size of reef fishes in and around a temperate marine reserve." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 2 (2008): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07093.
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The effects of marine reserve protection on the density, size, biomass, sex-ratio and overall assemblage structure of reef fishes were investigated at Kingston Reef Sanctuary, Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Significant trends in response to reserve protection were found for two species of top predators and several serially protogynous labrid species. The relative density and biomass of the heavily targeted Glaucosoma hebraicum was 10 and five times greater within the sanctuary respectively. Similarly, the biomass of the serranid, Epinephelides armatus, was 3.2 times greater in the sanctuary, although this difference was owing to a greater mean length not relative density. The male : female sex ratio for the labrid, Ophthalmolepis lineolatus, was significantly different between sanctuary and non-sanctuary sites, with the density of male O. lineolatus significantly greater within the sanctuary. Rottnest Island waters are largely restricted to recreational fishing, therefore these results suggest that a range of fish species around Rottnest Island are affected by recreational fishing, and that these effects are found in taxa beyond the primary target species. The patterns in the effects on bycatch species suggest that fishing-related mortality may be exerting a greater control on these populations than that exerted by natural predation.
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Lasdin, Katherine S., Madison Arnold, Anika Agrawal, H. William Fennie, Kirsten Grorud-Colvert, Su Sponaugle, Lindsay Aylesworth, Scott Heppell, and Susanne M. Brander. "Presence of microplastics and microparticles in Oregon Black Rockfish sampled near marine reserve areas." PeerJ 11 (February 14, 2023): e14564. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14564.
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Measuring the spatial distribution of microparticles which include synthetic, semi-synthetic, and anthropogenic particles is critical to understanding their potential negative impacts on species. This is particularly important in the context of microplastics, which are a form of microparticle that are prevalent in the marine environment. To facilitate a better understanding of microparticle occurrence, including microplastics, we sampled subadult and young juvenile Black Rockfish (Sebastes melanops) at multiple Oregon coast sites, and their gastrointestinal tracts were analyzed to identify ingested microparticles. Of the subadult rockfish, one or more microparticles were found in the GI tract of 93.1% of the fish and were present in fish from Newport, and near four of five marine reserves. In the juveniles, 92% of the fish had ingested one or more microparticles from the area of Cape Foulweather, a comparison area, and Otter Rock, a marine reserve. The subadults had an average of 7.31 (average background = 5) microparticles detected, while the juveniles had 4.21 (average background = 1.8). In both the subadult and juvenile fish, approximately 12% of the microparticles were identified as synthetic using micro-Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (micro-FTIR). Fibers were the most prevalent morphology identified, and verified microparticle contamination was a complex mixture of synthetic (∼12% for subadults and juveniles), anthropogenic (∼87% for subadults and 85.5% for juveniles), and natural (e.g., fur) materials (∼0.7% for subadults and ∼2.4% for juveniles). Similarities in exposure types (particle morphology, particle number) across life stages, coupled with statistical differences in exposure levels at several locations for subadult fish, suggest the potential influence of nearshore oceanographic patterns on microparticle distribution. A deeper understanding of the impact microplastics have on an important fishery such as those for S. melanops, will contribute to our ability to accurately assess risk to both wildlife and humans.
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Broszeit, Stefanie, John Davenport, Mark Jessopp, Luke Harman, and Rob McAllen. "Comparison of Inorganic and Organic Matter Sedimentation in a Natural Laboratory: A One-Year Study at Lough Hyne Marine Reserve, Ireland." Journal of Marine Biology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/518635.
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Measuring sedimentation rates may provide useful information on the habitat preferences of marine organisms. To understand the effect of flow rates and meteorological conditions on sedimentation in the absence of other confounding factors, sedimentation of organic (OM) and inorganic (IOM) matters was measured at 6 sites in Lough Hyne Marine Reserve (a semienclosed marine lake) over the course of 13 months. During winter, both OM and IOM were imported to the Lough, peaking in December at Whirlpool, the site nearest to the Lough entrance, likely as a result of extreme weather conditions causing resuspension of matter outside the Lough. Highest inorganic matter (IOM) sedimentation occurred in December (47.36 gm−2d−1at Whirlpool Cliff) and was related to November wind speeds (, ). Decreasing current speed also caused a decline in IOM sedimentation. Highest OM sedimentation occurred in December at Whirlpool (5.59 gm−2d−1), but was not related to meteorological conditions. No single environmental factor strongly influenced organic matter (OM) sedimentation. One-way ANOVAs on OM and log-transformed IOM data showed that sedimentation differed significantly amongst the six sites within the Lough. Increased plankton production in the Lough during summer led to increased OM sedimentation in areas of low current speed away from the entrance of the Lough.
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Sadogurskaya, S. A., T. V. Belich, and S. Ye Sadogurskiy. "SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CYANOBACTERIA FROM MARINE ROCKY SUPRALITTORAL IN THE NATURE RESERVE “CAPE MARTYAN” (BLACK SEA)." Ekosistemy, no. 22 (2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2414-4738-2020-22-29-38.
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Complete lists of biota are the scientific foundation on which studies of the regional biological diversity are based. Modern research based on new methods and approaches has contributed to formation of a new classification scheme of Cyanobacteria, which reveals the evolutionary history of the group. In this context, there is a need to revise data on the species composition of Cyanobacteria of various biotopes, which is especially important for protected areas. The article presents the results of the species composition revision of the supralittoral Cyanobacteria from the Nature Reserve “Cape Martyan” (de facto it has the status of a nature park now). The studies were carried out on the site of a natural boulder-block shore located directly on Cape Martyan, in the supralittoral zone of the sea. Updated list of Cyanobacteria from marine rocky supralittoral in the Nature Reserve “Cape Martyan” consists of 69 species. Species are representatives of 1 class, 2 subclasses, 6 orders, 18 families and 35 genera. The Oscillatoriaceae and Rivulariaceae families are represented the most diversely. Chroococcus, Lyngbya and Gloeocapsa dominate among the genera. The category of rare species includes 21 taxa, which makes up a third of the species list. Biological and ecological characteristics were given for the studied species. The supralittoral Cyanobacteria of Nature Reserve “Cape Martyan” is characterized by the predominance of attached benthic, benthic-soil and plankton-benthic forms, as well as marine and brackish-water forms, which is a typical feature of supralittoral microalgoflora. At the same time, the predominance of cosmopolitans and wide-range boreal-tropical species emphasizes the azonality of the biotope of the marine rocky supralittoral.
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Melzner, Frank, Björn Buchholz, Fabian Wolf, Ulrike Panknin, and Marlene Wall. "Ocean winter warming induced starvation of predator and prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1931 (July 15, 2020): 20200970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0970.
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Ocean warming impacts the fitness of marine ectothermic species, leading to poleward range shifts, re-shuffling of communities, and changes in ecosystem services. While the detrimental effects of summer heat waves have been widely studied, little is known about the impacts of winter warming on marine species in temperate regions. Many species benefit from low winter temperature-induced reductions in metabolism, as these permit conservation of energy reserves that are needed to support reproduction in spring. Here, we used a unique outdoor mesocosm system to expose a coastal predator–prey system, the sea star Asterias and the blue mussel Mytilus , to different winter warming scenarios under near-natural conditions. We found that the body condition of mussels decreased in a linear fashion with increasing temperature. Sea star growth also decreased with increasing temperature, which was a function of unaltered predation rates and decreased mussel body condition. Asterias relative digestive gland mass strongly declined over the studied temperature interval ( ca twofold). This could have severe implications for reproductive capacity in the following spring, as digestive glands provide reserve compounds to maturing gonads. Thus, both predator and prey suffered from a mismatch of energy acquisition versus consumption in warmer winter scenarios, with pronounced consequences for food web energy transfer in future oceans.
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Khuyen, Vo Thi Kim, Dinh Vu Le, Hung Anh Le, Axel René Fischer, and Christina Dornack. "Assessing Microplastic Prevalence and Dispersion from Saigon Urban Canals via Can Gio Mangrove Reserve to East Sea by Raman Scattering Microscopy." Microplastics 1, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 536–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1030038.
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Plastic pollution is one of the significant environmental concerns due to the threefold increase in global plastic waste. Marine microplastics, including petroleum-based plastic pieces and synthetic and artificial fibers smaller than 5 mm, are not only ubiquitous in natural water but also high in wastewater streams due to the direct discharge, transfer and breakdown of plastic items. This research aims to investigate the presence and dispersion of microplastics in the downtown area and coastal suburban area of Ho-Chi-Minh City by using Raman microscopy. As a result, the most common plastics (PE, PET, PA, PP, PVC, PS and PMMA) were detected, and most of them were fibrous shorter than 500 μm. The total microplastics decreased gradually from the urban waterborne (up to 220 MPs/L) via Can Gio UNESCO Mangrove Biosphere Reserve (10 MPs/L) and to the East Sea (3 MPs/L), which reveals the potential role of the mangrove in reducing marine contaminants including microplastics. This study provides important insights into microplastic pollution in the Western Pacific Region, especially the Saigon-Dong Nai river systems, supporting useful data for natural water resources management.
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Ferrari, Bruno, Nuria Raventos, and Serge Planes. "Assessing effects of fishing prohibition on Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in the Marine Natural Reserve of Cerbère-Banyuls." Aquatic Botany 88, no. 4 (May 2008): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.002.
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Pinn, Eunice H., and Michelle Rodgers. "The influence of visitors on intertidal biodiversity." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 2 (March 31, 2005): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011148h.
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The Purbeck Marine Wildlife Reserve lies within the boundary of the Dorset and East Devon World Heritage Site on the south coast. This study investigated the influence of visitors on intertidal biodiversity at Kimmeridge Bay, the only accessible part of the reserve. The assemblages present on two rock ledges were compared: Washing Ledge, which is regularly visited and utilized by people, and Yellow Ledge, which is more isolated and visited much less regularly. At each ledge, three habitat types were investigated: open rock, rockpools and the fucoid zone. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences in assemblages between ledges and among habitat types. The differences observed in the communities of the two ledges can be explained to some extent by natural ecological processes, but human impacts were also detected. The most obvious contrast associated with trampling was a reduction in the larger, branching species of algae and an increase in ephemeral and crustose species in the more heavily utilized areas.
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Chernova, N. V. "Overview of the fish fauna of the Chaunskaya basin – the area of the natural reserve "Chaunskaya Guba" and the port of Pevek (East Siberian Arctic)." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 326, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.1.30.
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The fishes of the Chaunskaya Bay and its Basin have been little studied. Part of the coast of this vast Arctic estuary (about 9 thousand km2) is included in the state nature reserve “Chaunskaya Guba”; at the entrance to the bay there is the seaport of Pevek, a transit hub of the Northern Sea Route. The area has been identified as one of the priorities for the protection of biodiversity in the seas of the Russian Arctic. Solving the problem of biota conservation begins with an inventory of the fauna. The paper presents the results of summarizing data on the species composition of marine, anadromous and freshwater fishes in the Chaunskaya Bay and its basin. The updated list includes 36 species of 28 genera, 16 families and 10 orders. In marine waters there are 31 species (18 marine, 13 anadromous and semi-anadromous fish), in rivers and lakes there are 5 freshwater (and 13 anadromous and semi-anadromous) species. The Muksun Coregonus muksun (Pallas, 1814) and the pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758, which were absent in the fauna lists, are added. The lamprey Lethenteron kessleri (Anikin, 1905), the Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847, and the Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758), which were previously recorded, are not confirmed by reliable findings. The marine fish community of the Chaunskaya Bay is an impoverished shelf fauna of the East Siberian Sea and includes species adapted to desalination. The freshwater ichthyofauna of the basin differs from the fauna of the neighboring Kolyma River region in the loss of a number of freshwater species, which are believed to have been extinct because of the Holocene cooling. A significant part of the fish complex consists of elements of the North Pacific fauna that spread to the East Siberian Sea in the postglacial period.
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Dong, Dao Minh, Tran Van Huong, and Luong Huu Toan. "Current status and some solutions for resource restoration of the abalone (Haliotis diversicolor) at Bach Long Vi National Marine Protected Area." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/2/14040.
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Variously colored abalone (Haliotis diversicolor Reeve, 1864) is the one of 22 protected species by Bach Long Vi National Marine Protected Area. In 1987, the yield of abalone was 37 tons per year, but it was reduced to 5 tons per year in 1992 and before the year of 2013, the yield is less than 1 ton per year [3]. Acording to the survey in October, 1974 the density ranged from 1 to 4 individuals/500 m2, the average for the all of island is 1.25 individuals/500 m2, the current reserve of variously colored abalone is about 0.05 tons. Some of the major causes of abalone depletion include the use of destructive fishing practices such as mines, cyanides, asynchronous development of infrastructure, and sources of pollution... Some solutions to recover the source of profit from abalone such as: The management board of Bach Long Vi National Marine Protected Area and competent authorities have to strengthen communication activities to protect the natural environment, resources as well as to have strong sanctions to strictly handle the environmental pollution activities, illegal methods of fishing. There is a need of research plan to rehabilitate Sargassum and reproduce abalone to return to natural enviroment. To invest in scientific research, to build the facilities and equipments for the management board of Bach Long Vi National Marine Protected Areas should be paid attention.
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Ivin, V. V., A. Yu Zvyagintsev, and I. A. Kashin. "Monitoring and control of alien species in marine and insular specially protected areas by the example of the Far East Marine State Natural Biosphere Reserve." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 156–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075111714030060.
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Morton, Brian. "Effects of extreme rainfall, typhoons and declaration of marine reserve status on corals beached at Cape d'Aguilar (1998 and 1999)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 5 (October 2002): 729–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402006100.
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In the years 1996 and 1997, the pattern of deposition of beached coral heads and pieces onto the shore of Telecom Bay within the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong suggested that typhoons were a significant natural perturbation. In August 1997, 808 pieces weighing 60,930 g were washed up following passage of Typhoon Victor. 1997 was also Hong Kong's wettest year on record and a survey of the living corals in the reserve in 1998 showed changes in a number of ecological parameters of species richness, composition and diversity but, most noticeably, that the formerly dominant Goniastrea aspera had been superseded by Platygyra sinensis. In 1998 and 1999, this was reflected in the changed proportions of these two beached corals. Dramatically lowered salinities in the bay during July and August 1997 may have effected this change in relative dominance. Following Typhoon Dan in October 1998, 342 pieces of corals weighing 75,600 g were collected. The 1996 and 1997 pattern seemed to be repeating itself. 1999 was a bad year for severe tropical storms and typhoons in Hong Kong, seven being reported upon. Yet, after each one only 12,490 g (Typhoon Leo), 3390 g (Typhoon Maggie), 3550 g (Severe Tropical Storm: no-name), 55 g (Typhoon Sam), 4500 g (Typhoon York and Typhoon Cam) and 3160 g (Typhoon Dan) were washed up. That is, the seven tropical depressions deposited about 27,640 g coral, approximately the same amount as only Typhoon Sally in 1996 (25,000 g) and Tropical Storm Penny and Typhoon Babs in 1998 (24,574 g) and less than half that of Typhoon Victor in 1997 (60,000 g). In July 1996, Cape d'Aguilar was declared a marine reserve, fishing banned in its 18 hectares of sea and ghost nets removed. The fishing ban seems to be halting the dislodgement of corals and they are thus not now being beached by typhoons.
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Liu, Yang, Peng Zhang, Sen Du, Zhuoru Lin, Yanyan Zhou, Lizhao Chen, Rencheng Yu, and Li Zhang. "Sediment as a Potential Pool for Lipophilic Marine Phycotoxins with the Case Study of Daya Bay of China." Marine Drugs 17, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110623.
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Marine sediments can reserve many environmental pollutants. Lipophilic marine phycotoxins (LMPs) are natural toxic substances widespread in the marine environment; however, evidence of their existence in sediment is scarce. In the present study, in order to explore the occurrence and distribution characteristics of LMPs in sediment, surface sediment samples collected from a tropical area of Daya Bay (DYB) at different seasons, were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). According to the results, up to six toxin compounds were detected in sediment samples from DYB, OA and DTX1 had the highest levels, followed by PTX2, homo-YTX, AZA2, and GYM. Although AZA2 and GYM were found in most of the sediment, OA, DTX1, homo-YTX, and PTX2 were the predominant toxin compounds, and PTX2 was the most ubiquitous toxin in sediment. The spatial distribution of LMP components in the sediment fluctuated with sampling times, partially according to the physical–chemical parameters of the sediment. There are likely several sources for LMPs existing in surface sediments, but it is difficult to determine contributions of a specific toxin-source in the sediment. Therefore, marine sediments may be a toxin reservoir for LMPs accumulation in benthic organisms via food chains.
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МАСЛОВА, И. В., and И. В. КАРТАВЦЕВА. "Clarification of the species composition of the herpetofauna of the Far Eastern Marine Reserve." Вестник ДВО РАН, no. 210(2) (April 27, 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/08697698.2020.210.2.010.
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Осуществлена ревизия видового состава герпетофауны Дальневосточного морского биосферного заповедника. Уточнены локалитеты монгольской жабы Strauchbufo raddei. Приведены аргументы в пользу того, что на о-ве Стенина обитает дальневосточная жаба Bufo gargarizans, а не S. raddei, как считалось ранее. Для подтверждения нахождения последнего вида в окрестностях регионального памятника природы Голубиный утес рекомендовано выполнить дополнительные исследования. Из видового списка заповедника исключена амурская долгохвостка Takydromus amurensis. Приведена новая информация по распространению на юге Приморского края отдельных видов герпетофауны: чернопятнистой лягушки Pelophylax nigromaculatus на о-веФуругельма и большого морского крайта Pseudolaticauda semifasciata в прибрежных водах у пос. Преображение Лазовского района. Составлен обновленный список амфибий и рептилий заповедника с указанием современных таксономических наименований, соответствующих ведущим международным базам данных. Впервые на островах и Дальнем Востоке России кариотипирована B. gargarizans, отловленная на о-ве Стенина. При исследовании хромосомного набора для (2n 22) в ее костном мозге обнаружена высокая инфицированность трипаносомами. The species composition of the herpetofauna of the Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Reserve was revised. The clarification of locality of the Mongolian tode (Strauchbufo raddei) was made. It was argued that the Asiatic tode (Bufo gargarizans) but not S. raddei inhabits the Stenina Island, as previously thought. To confirm the location of the last species in the area of the regional protected natural sanctuary Golubiny Utes, it is recommended to conduct additional research in this area. The Amur grass lizard (Takydromus amurensis) has been excluded from the species list. New information about expansion of certain species of herpetofauna in the South of Primorsky Krai, including the dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) in the Furugelm Island and the black-banded sea krait (Pseudolaticauda semifasciata) in the coastal waters of the Preobrazheniye urban-type settlement in Lazovsky District was reported. The updated list of amphibians and reptiles of the Reserve with modern taxonomic names that correspond to leading international databases has been compiled. For the first time, B. gargarizans caught on Stenina Island was karyotyped on the Islands and in the Russian Far East. While studying the chromosomal sets (2n 22) of this species, it was found that bone marrow was highly infected with Trypanosoma.
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Khatun, Fatema, Md Minhaj Uddin Monir, S. M. Nafefun Arham, and Zularisam Ab Wahid. "Implementation of Carbon Dioxide Gas Injection Method for Gas Recovery at Rashidpur Gas Field, Bangladesh." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.5.2016.1.7.1046.
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Natural gas plays an important role for the economic development of Bangladesh. It is the primary options to satisfy the environmentally clean energy, whereas coal is a dirty energy source and oil creates an unhealthy environment. Bangladesh is the seventh-largest producer of natural gas in Asia. Gas supplies meet 56% of domestic energy demand. The proven natural gas reserve in Bangladesh is only 19.73 Tcf. The Rashidpur Gas Field (RGF) is located in the Sylhet Basin, Northeast Bangladesh. It is 35 km long and 7 km anticlinal structure and asymmetric in nature with steeper eastern flank (22˚ to 25˚) and gentler western flank (8˚ to 12˚). There are two gas zones in depth between 1380m to 2787m below surface. Sandstone reservoirs of Miocene-Pliocene age and are considered to have been originated shallow marine depositional environment. The reservoir porosity-permeability values are very good, with estimated gas initially in place (GIIP) of the RGF was 2.242 Tcf with 58% recovery, thus recording an initial gas reserve is 1.309 Tcf. Five gas producing wells (RP-1, 3, 4, 6 and 7) in the RGF are producing 50 MMscf gas per day. Due to the demand of natural gas with decreasing production rate, this enhanced natural gas plays a vital role in the national economy of the country. This research depicts the development of the daily production of the RGF from 50 MMscfd to 99 MMscfd using software from the existing production wells. Thus the natural gas in the RGF would be enhanced/recovered using carbon dioxide (CO2) gas injection by Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) method from the RGF reservoir. Applying this method would play a vital role to increase the daily production rate of the RGF.
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Llantada, I. R., and T. Z. Serafini. "Use of Socioenvironmental Criteria to Assess the Certification Potential of a Surfing Reserve in Southern Brazil." Revista Costas 6, Vol Esp. 2 (June 2021): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/costas.e1621.
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Surfing Reserves are protected areas to protect recognized surf breaks, as well as the natural and cultural heritage associated with these areas. These areas have been created either by the countries’ own legislation or by non-governmental initiatives, such as the World Surfing Reserves – WSR promoted by the international organization Save the Waves Coaliton. In Brazil, surfing reserves do not have a legal support, but are foreseen in the Bill 6,969/2013 (known as “Law of the Sea”). In addition, the Brazilian Surf Reserves Program – PBRS (in Portuguese) has been structured to foster the consolidation of these protected areas, as well as to support the creation of new WSR. Surfing reserves, together with other protected areas, can strengthen the integrated management of marine and coastal areas, in particular through the implementation of Marine Space Planning – MSP, in the form of networks of protected areas, as has been carried out in the world. In this research, the certification potential of Ilha do Mel (coast of Paraná) in southern Brazil was evaluated for the creation of an WSR, based on the criteria of Save the Waves Co. Using the four criteria for creating an WSR, 25 parameters were evaluated and quantified through literature review, field observations and interviews with key informants. Ilha do Mel presented a “very high” potential for the creation of a WSR, with multiple surf breaks, in addition to a well-preserved natural heritage, partly due to certain restrictions on use and access to the island’s resources, including protected areas already implemented in its territory, local environmental control policies and limit on public visitation. Native communities with traditional uses of the territory are present in this location, in addition to a consolidated tourist activity, and surfing has a relevant role. It is concluded that Ilha do Mel has the appropriate characteristics for the creation of a WSR, which could reinforce the island’s socio-environmental protection and deal with potential threats, such as those related to the port and industrial activities of its surroundings. However, it is necessary to better understand the perception of local communities regarding an eventual WSR on the island, reinforcing community engagement in this process, in a context of apparent fragility of local environmental governance.
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Patty, Simon, Marenda Pandu Rizqi, Rikardo Huwae, and Ferdimon Kainama. "Water Quality Status of Raja Ampat Island Natural Marine ReserveBased on the Seawater Physical Parameters." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 8, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.8.1.2020.28292.
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Observation of water quality in Raja Ampat Islands Natural Water Reserve (SAP Kepulauan Raja Ampat), was carried out in August-September 2019. This study aims to determine the water quality and the pollution’s status based on the water physical parameters. Measurement of all parameters was conducted in-situ using the EXO-2 device, while the water clarity was measured with a Secchi disk. The results of statistical analysis using the T-Test showed that the TDS content in the surface layer compared to the bottom was significantly different. Pollution index calculation results show that the waters of the Raja Ampat Islands are still in good condition (not polluted). Variations in temperature, salinity, brightness/clarity, turbidity, conductivity (DHL) and the dissolved solids values (TDS) are still adequate for the well-being of coral reefs and various marine biota inhabited the waters.Keywords: Water quality, physical characteristics, Raja Ampat ABSTRAKPengamatan kualitas air di SAP Kepulauan Raja Ampat, telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan dan menentukan status pencemaran berdasarkan parameter fisika air laut. Pengukuran semua parameter dilakukan secara in situ (langsung di lapangan) dengan menggunakan alat EXO-2, kecuali kecerahan air laut diukur dengan cakram sechi (sechi disk). Hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji-t menunjukkan bahwa kandungan TDS di lapisan permukaan dengan dekat dasar adalah berbeda nyata. Hasil perhitungan indeks pencemaran menunjukkan perairan Kepulauan Raja Ampat masih dalam kondisi baik (tidak tercemar). Variasi nilai suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, kekeruhan, konduktivitas (DHL) dan jumlah zat padat terlarut (TDS) masih baik untuk kehidupan dan perkembangan terumbu karang serta berbagai biota laut yang hidup didalamnya.Kata kunci: Kualitas air, karakteristik fisika, Raja Ampat
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Camilo, V. M. A., J. da C. Souza, E. de J. Conceição, J. R. Luz, G. Boehs, and S. Campiolo. "Reproductive cycle of Mytella guyanensis (Lamarck, 1819) in a Marine Reserve (RESEX Bay of Iguape), Bahia, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 78, no. 2 (August 17, 2017): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05716.
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Abstract Mytella guyanensis, consumed and commercialized in coastal regions of Brazil, is one of several bivalve species of socioeconomic interest for coastal communities. Besides serving as a source of income and subsistence for these communities, it also contributes to their food security as it is a source of proteins and micronutrients. Thus, the reproductive cycle of this species was studied aiming to contribute to food security and its preservation. Samples were collected monthly, between March 2014 and March 2015, in a natural stock (12°38'50”S; 38°51'43”W) in a Marine Reserve (RESEX Bay of Iguape) (community Engenho da Ponte), Bahia, Brazil. Mytella guyanensis is collected by women on site, where the artisanal fishing of this resource is performed without following any specific handling procedure. Also, empirical evidence indicates overexploitation. The specimens collected were measured along the anterior-posterior axis (length), and after macroscopic analysis they were fixed in Davidson solution, processed by routine histology techniques and stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The macroscopic analysis showed sexual dimorphism, with the male and female gonads presenting a milky-white and orange colour, respectively. A 1:1 sex ratio (M: F) was observed and reproduction of the species was continuous all year round. March, April, July and August were the months with highest values of gamete elimination. We suggest that a M. guyanensis management plan should restrict capture during these months, in order to sustainably regulate exploitation of this food resource in this reserve.
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Braga, Elisabete de Santis, Vitor Gonsalez Chiozzini, and Chiara Machado Vieira. "Seasonal variation of nutrients and hydrological conditions in the State Marine Park of Laje de Santos (SMPLS) and adjacent continental shelf areas (South Atlantic Ocean - Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 65, no. 4 (December 2017): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592017136806504.
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Abstract Marine parks constitute important areas for the conservation of marine life and the genetic heritage around the world. The creation of such marine parks must be accompanied by careful measures to guarantee the coexistence of natural biota and human activities in these systems. The State Marine Park of Laje de Santos (SMPLS) is so close to an industrial pole and urban area that its creation and maintenance is an example for humanity. However, no program has yet been installed for the monitoring of its biotic and abiotic water parameters. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide hydrological and hydrochemical parameters with emphasis on dissolved nutrients to establish a starting point for the monitoring of these waters. The presence of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) in the marine park during the spring and summer sampling periods was evidenced by the observation of low temperatures (< 17ºC) associated with salinity around 35 at the bottom of the water column, indicating a thermohaline feature. The dissolved oxygen presented high values, with few data below 4 mL L-1 occurring at the bottom of the water column. The pH was always in accordance with marine values (~8). Dissolved silicate and phosphate presented high values associated with inputs from the SACW intrusion, continental runoff and bottom resuspension processes, reaching maximum values of 15.86 and 1.23 µmol L-1, respectively. Nitrogen compounds were also associated with a natural fertilization process by the presence of the SACW at the bottom of the water column, as evidenced by the high nitrate concentrations (> 7.00 µmol L-1), while the concentration of N-ammonium (maximum 9.86 µmol L-1) demonstrated a rapid regeneration of the organic matter, mainly in the euphotic zone. Analysis of the data from summer periods revealed an annual difference, showing January 2014 to be drier than January 2015, which influenced the availability of some nutrients and the standard distribution of hydrochemical parameters in this region. The results of the distribution of hydrochemical parameters in the marine park confirms the preserved conditions of the seawater around the Laje de Santos, demonstrated by the excellent water quality, concluding the need to implant monitoring actions based on these reference data to preserve this important reserve of marine life.
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Akpalu, Wisdom, and Godwin K. Vondolia. "Bioeconomic model of spatial fishery management in developing countries." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000416.
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AbstractFishers in developing countries do not have the resources to acquire advanced technologies to exploit offshore fish stocks. As a result, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea requires countries to sign partnership agreements with distant water fishing nations to exploit offshore stocks. However, for migratory stocks, the offshore may serve as a natural marine reserve (i.e., a source) to the inshore (i.e., sink); hence these partnership agreements generate a spatial externality. In this paper, we present a bioeconomic model in which a social planner uses a landing tax (ad valorem tax) to internalize this spatial externality. We found that the tax must reflect the biological connectivity between the two patches, intrinsic growth rate, the price of fish and cost per unit effort. The results are empirically illustrated using data on Ghana.
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Ryabtsova, A. "Participation of business entities in legal relations in the field of natural resource use." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 74 (January 31, 2023): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.26.
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The article analyzes the participation of business entities in legal relations in the field of natural resource use. Doctrinal and legislative approaches to the concept of «business entities» are taken into account, as well as their classification. Official statistical data on the number of state-owned enterprises and business associations in the charter capital of which the state’s share is more than 50%, as well as the total number of business entities on the territory of Ukraine, have been clarified. It is emphasized that due to the war, the occupation of part of the territory of Ukraine, the destruction of many objects, buildings, and natural resources, the statistics on the number of business entities will be significantly smaller this year.
The common approach of defining business entities through their legal entity features is analyzed. It is substantiated that economic entities that use natural resources in their activities have the following main characteristics: the presence of separate property; state registration in the organizational and legal formspecified by law, the right to use natural resources in economic activity in the order of special and general nature use.
The legal principles of the use of natural resources by economic entities in their activities, both in the order of special and general nature use, are analyzed. Among the natural resources for the use of which a business entity needs to obtain a special permit are the following: resources of the continental shelf, the exclusive (marine) economic zone, animals and marine mammals that are in the natural environment, other objects of the animal world that are of national importance ; natural resources that are on the territory of the national nature reserve fund, etc.
It is proposed to classify business entities from the point of view of the use of natural resources according to the following criteria: depending on the nature of the use of natural resources; depending on the legal basis for the use of natural resources; depending on the legal regime of use of natural resources. Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On the permit system in the sphere of economic activity» have been developed, taking into account the state of war.
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Cartes, J. E., D. Díaz-Viñolas, A. Schirone, A. Lombarte, M. Barsanti, I. Delbono, C. Salas, S. Gofas, A. Serrano, and J. Santos-Echeandía. "How the reconstruction of faunal communities in a marine protected area (Columbretes Reserve, western Mediterranean) evidence human and natural impacts on fauna." Ecological Indicators 142 (September 2022): 109209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109209.
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