Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural history illustration Australia'
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Carroll, Rachel Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "What kind of relationship with nature does art provide?" Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Art, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43308.
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The relationship with nature through art has been explored as a two fold bond. The first considers a relationship with nature via art and science, where the history and contemporary application of scientific illustration in art is explored; while the second explores past and present connections with nature via art and the landscape, particularly the panoramic tradition. Historically these relationships have predominately been about dominating nature, mans dominion over the land. Science was seen as the only authority, while our relationships with the land in art, positioned the viewer at a commanding distance above and over the land, as seen in the post colonial panoramic tradition. In contrast, -The Coorong Series- explores a lived history with nature rather than the historical role of dominance. -The Coorong Series" explores a relationship of knowledge, understanding, and the experience of nature; through two parts. The first combines art and science in -The Coorong Specimen Series', to explore the facts and knowledge that science has provided about certain plants, birds and marine life from the Coorong. Inspiration has been derived from 19thC scientific illustrations and the lyrical prints of the Coorong by Australian Artist John Olsen. Part two explores the immersive experience of the iconic landscape in ???The Coorong Landscape Series" providing a relationship that seeks to understand the functionality of the location and to celebrate the unique beauty of this diverse region. Inspiration has been gained from the landscapes by l8th and 19th C artists John Constable and Claude Monet, along with landscapes by contemporary artists, John Walker and Mandy Martin. Through aesthetic notions such as scientific illustration, panoramic landscape, immersive scale, the collection of work, an expressionistic use of paint, and labeling of each piece like a museum display. -The Coorong landscape series" provides an exploration of a region that immerses the viewer in an experience of the location. The series portrays a relationship with nature through art that educates the viewer about The Coorong region. Connections are made between the land, birds, plants, fish, and human interaction; which results in an ecological consideration of the Coorong. Ultimately it is the educational experience that art provides allowing the viewer to explore a plethora of relationships within nature, and to explore how these relationships have changed or continue to exist within this era.
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Roby, Ruth. "Imprint of a landscape a Yarrawa Brush story /." Access electronically, 2007. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/15.
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Grunert, Jonathan David. "Aesthetics for Birds: Institutions, Artist-Naturalists, and Printmakers in American Ornithologies, from Alexander Wilson to John Cassin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78171.
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In this project I explore the development of bird illustrations in early American natural history publication. I follow three groups in Philadelphia from 1812 to 1858: institutions, artist-naturalists, and printmakers. Each of these groups modeled a certain normative vision of illustration, promoting, producing, and publishing images that reflected their senses of what constituted good illustration. I argue that no single set of actors in this narrative did work that would become the ultimate standard-bearer for ornithological illustration; rather, all of them negotiated the conflicting interests of their own work as positioned against, or alongside, those who had come before. Their diverse intentions, aesthetic and practical, sat prominently in their separate visions of drawing birds; utility, artistry, and feasibility of the images directed the creation of the illustrations. How they used their ideal ways of depicting birds changed the ways that their successors would confront the practice of illustrating birds.Master of Science
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Drayson, Nick English Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Early developments in the literature of Australian natural history : together with a select bibliography of Australian natural history writing, printed in English, from 1697 to the present." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of English, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38674.
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Early nineteenth-century Eurocentric perceptions of natural history led to the flora and fauna of Australia being thought of as deficient and inferior compared with those of other lands. By the 1820s, Australia had become known as ???the land of contrarieties???. This, and Eurocentric attitudes to nature in general, influenced the expectations and perceptions of immigrants throughout the century. Yet at the same time there was developing an aesthetic appreciation of the natural history of Australia. This thesis examines the tension between these two perceptions in the popular natural history writing of the nineteenth century, mainly through the writing of five authors ??? George Bennett (1804-1893), Louisa Anne Meredith (1812-1895), Samuel Hannaford (1937-1874), Horace Wheelwright (1815-1865) and Donald Macdonald (1859?-1932). George Bennett was a scientist, who saw Australian plants and animals more as scientific specimens than objects of beauty. Louisa Meredith perceived them in the familiar language of English romantic poetry. Samuel Hannaford used another language, that of popular British natural history writers of the mid-nineteenth century. To Horace Wheelwright, Australian animals were equally valuable to the sportsman???s gun as to the naturalist???s pen. Donald Macdonald was the only one of these major writers to have been born in Australia. Although proud of his British heritage, he rejoiced in the beauty of his native land. His writing demonstrates his joy, and his novel attitude to Australian natural history continued and developed in the present century.
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au, louiseduxbury@westnet com, and Marie-Louise Duxbury. "Implementing a relational worldview: Watershed Torbay, Western Australia connecting community and place." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080617.132132.
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The Australian landcare movement is considered to be a major success, with an extensive community landcare network developed, raised levels and depth of awareness, and a range of demonstration projects undertaken. It has inspired people across Australia and has been emulated overseas. However, negative trends in environmental conditions continue unabated. If the approach of the Australian landcare movement to date has not addressed the current unsustainable farming practices, what approach will?
This Australian study explores the history of the mechanistic worldview, its influence on the attitudes to and treatment of landscapes and indigenous knowledge from colonisation, and the ongoing impacts on current social and natural rural landscapes. Increasing tension between the mechanistic worldview and the growing landcare ethic based on relationships is apparent.
Through the focus project, Watershed Torbay, a different way of seeing and treating the world is explored by praxis. A worldview based on relationships and connection as the end purpose is proffered. Strengthening connection with ones own moral framework, and relationships with people and place in community, are seen as the path to achieving sustainability based on ecological and values rationality.
It is recognised that there are multiple ways of seeing and experiencing the world, and it is important to give voice to all players with a connection to decision making. This also means that there are different forms of knowledge; these can be grouped under the typology of epistemic or scientific knowledge, techne or technical/practical capability, and the central form of knowledge about values and interests.
I have worked with the focus project as a reflective practitioner undertaking action research; this is evident in the movement between theory and practice through the thesis. The thesis concludes in praxis taking the learning from the focus project, and exploration of theory, to answer the question posed at the outset by outlining how the relational worldview can be applied to the regional bodies now delivering major landcare programs.
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Christensen, Joseph. "Shark Bay 1616-1991 : the spread of science and the emergence of ecology in a World Heritage area." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0029.
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Shark Bay is an extensive marine embayment located on the central coast of Western Australia that is recognised as a World Heritage Property on the basis of the Outstanding Universal Value of the natural environment of the region. This thesis examines the history of science at Shark Bay between the arrival of the first European explorers in the seventeenth century through to the official recognition of Shark Bay as a World Heritage Area in 1991. Each of the seven chapters is devoted to a different period in the development of scientific investigations, beginning with Dutch and English mariners and naturalists, passing on to French scientific explorers and British surveyors naturalists, and explorers, continuing through a variety of investigations in marine science and research in biogeography and evolution carried out by foreign expeditions and Australian field-workers, and culminating in the transformation of scientific investigations as a result of the rise and development of modern ecological science in the second half of the twentieth century. This development of science at Shark Bay is considered in light of existing frameworks for the development or spread of science in Australia, and in relation to current literature concerning the development or emergence of ecology in Australia. After evaluating the history of science at Shark Bay relative to existing knowledge of the spread of science and the emergence of ecology, the thesis concludes by proposing a new framework for the development of science and the emergence of ecology based on the experience at Shark Bay and with wider application to the history of science in Western Australia.
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Proust, Katrina Margaret, and kproust@cres10 anu edu au. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050706.140605.
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The task of producing policies for the management of Earth’s natural resources is a problem of the gravest concern worldwide. Such policies must address both responsible use in the present and the sustainability of those finite resources in the future. Resources are showing the adverse results of generations of exploitation, and communities fail to see the outcomes of past policies that have produced, and continue to produce, these results. They have not learned from past policy failures, and consequently fail to produce natural resource management (NRM) policies that support sustainable development.¶
It will be argued that NRM policy makers fail to learn from the past because they do not have a good historical perspective and a clear understanding of the dynamics of the complex human-environment system that they manage. It will also be argued that historians have not shown an interest in collaborating with policy makers on these issues, even though they have much to offer. Therefore, a new approach is proposed, which brings the skills and understanding of the trained historian directly into the policy arena.¶
This approach is called Applied Environmental History (AEH). Its aims are to help establish an area of common conceptual ground between NRM practitioners, policy makers, historians and dynamicists; to provide a framework that can help NRM practitioners and policy makers to take account of the historical and dynamical issues that characterise human-environment relationships; and to help NRM practitioners and policy makers improve their capacity to learn from the past.
Applied Environmental History captures the characteristics of public and applied history and environmental history. In order to include an understanding of feedback dynamics in human-environment systems, it draws on concepts from dynamical systems theory. Because learning from the past is a particular form of learning from experience, AEH also draws on theories of cognitive adaptation.¶
Principles for the application of AEH are developed and then tested in an exploratory study of irrigation development that is focused on the NRM issue of salinity. Since irrigation salinity has existed for centuries, and is a serious environmental problem in many parts of the world, it is a suitable NRM context in which to explore policy makers' failure to learn from the past. AEH principles guide this study, and are used, together with insights generated from the study, as the basis for the design of AEH Guidelines.
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Spyra, Ulrike. "Das "Buch der Natur" Konrads von Megenberg die illustrierten Handschriften und Inkunabeln /." Köln : Böhlau, 2005. http://books.google.com/books?id=LuXaAAAAMAAJ.
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Schwalm, Tanja. "Animal writing : magical realism and the posthuman other." Thesis, University of Canterbury. English, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4470.
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Magical realist fiction is marked by a striking abundance of animals. Analysing magical realist novels from Australia and Canada, as well as exploring the influence of two seminal Latin American magical realist narratives, this thesis focuses on representations of animals and animality. Examining human-animal relationships in the postcolonial context reveals that magical realism embodies and represents an idea of feral animality that critically engages with an inherently imperialist and Cartesian humanism, and that, moreover, accounts for magical realism's elusiveness within systems of genre categorisation and labelling. It is this embodiment and presence of animal agency that animates magical realism and injects it with life and vibrancy. The magical realist writers discussed in this dissertation make use of animal practices inextricably intertwined with imperialism, such as pastoral farming, natural historical collections, the circus, the rodeo, the Wild West show, and the zoo, as well as alternative animal practices inherently incompatible with European ideologies, such as the Aboriginal Dreaming, Native North American animist beliefs, and subsistence hunting, as different ways of positioning themselves in relation to the Cartesian human subject. The circus is a particular influence on the form and style of many magical realist texts, whereby oxymoronically structured circensian spaces form the basis of the narratives‟ realities, and hierarchical imperial structures and hegemonic discourses that are portrayed as natural through Cartesian science and Linnaean taxonomies are revealed as deceptive illusions that perpetuate the self-interests of the powerful.
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Dickson, Nicola Jan. "Wonderlust: the influence of natural history illustration and ornamentation on perceptions of the exotic in Australia." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/7160.
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This thesis is comprised of two parts: a Studio Research component with an accompanying Exegesis (66%), and a Dissertation (33%). The Dissertation presented here examines the historical and cultural context of the production of natural history illustration and ornamentation, and the formal qualities of these visual forms that enabled them to inform and disseminate exotic constructions and perceptions. These visual forms were a significant part of the intellectual and cultural framework of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and frequently represented the 'other' as desirable and different. The aesthetic responses generated by such exotic representations operated subliminally to develop and reinforce dualistic notions surrounding the difference of the distant 'other' in comparison to the European self. The Dissertation examines the specificity of the operation of these visual forms in relation to exotic perceptions of the Australian 'other' from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries, and develops an argument about the rise of a unique mode of perceiving the Australian 'other'. The Dissertation elaborates the theoretical context for the studio research which is an evocation and examination of the aesthetic experience of the exotic, informed by natural history illustration and ornamentation. A process of quotation and transformation of historical imagery has been developed to investigate foundational representations and perceptions of the Australian exoticised 'other' and the manner that this imagery persists and reforms as it circulates in society. The imagery is reworked by a painting process that utilises the material and formal properties of paint to explore the nature of the aesthetic perception of the exotic while also providing a metaphoric model of the manner that the self is defined in relation to the 'other'. The process offers an alternative mode of conceiving the 'other' within the post-colonial concept of hybridity. The results of the studio research are elaborated in the Exegesis and will be presented as a site-specific installation of paintings in the ANU School of Art Gallery from 17 to 26 March 2010.
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Hoolihan, Tanya Louise. "Beyond exploration: illustrating the botanical legacy of the German/Australian explorer Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt based on his written observations, letters and herbarium specimens 1842-1844." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1395086.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Ludwig Leichhardt is synonymous with Australian exploration, yet his achievements extend well beyond the success of his overland expeditions. Beyond exploration, Leichhardt was a passionate observer of Australian natural history, who left a significant legacy of collected and written material, especially in the field of botany. The recent translations of his diaries recorded between 1842 and 1844 have exposed a lesser known period of Leichhardt’s life and helped to evidence him as a capable and diligent scientist. The published materials combined with Leichhardt’s collected plant specimens establish the foundation for my research and have subsequently informed my outcomes. From my research I have painted a series of botanical illustrations depicting specimens that were observed, recorded and collected by Leichhardt more than 170 years ago. The documentation of this research and creative methodology from field observations through to the final illustrations visually depicts Leichhardt’s historical contribution to Australian botanical science while providing information on creative process to botanical illustrators.
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Pfennigwerth, Fiona Mary. "Illuminating the scrolls: illustrating Australian nature in response to the biblical texts of Lamentations, Ruth, Ecclesiastes and Esther." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/37884.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)How may ancient Hebrew texts be presented to a contemporary audience, remaining faithful to the original and at the same time relevant yet timeless? I am painting four series of watercolours, each focussing on a particular Australian habitat. These artworks form decorative borders to the four biblical texts of Lamentations, Ruth, Ecclesiastes and Esther, four of the Jewish Scrolls, and act as visual metaphors of underlying themes and indicators of structure and literary devices. My research is into the texts themselves, reading and responding to them; into natural subjects that express my response; and into the art-making process from which the final artworks are created. The end product of my research is an exhibition of these watercolour works and an A4-sized book combining the complete printed text of the Scrolls in the English Standard Version (ESV) as I have formatted it, with my illustrations as border designs. My aim is that through the manuscripts’ overall design, I honour the authors’ literary artistry, including symmetry, acrostic and reversal. Through my choice of subjects for each illustration, I aim to suggest themes in the adjoining text.
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Pfennigwerth, Fiona Mary. "Illuminating the scrolls: illustrating Australian nature in response to the biblical texts of Lamentations, Ruth, Ecclesiastes and Esther." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/37884.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)How may ancient Hebrew texts be presented to a contemporary audience, remaining faithful to the original and at the same time relevant yet timeless? I am painting four series of watercolours, each focussing on a particular Australian habitat. These artworks form decorative borders to the four biblical texts of Lamentations, Ruth, Ecclesiastes and Esther, four of the Jewish Scrolls, and act as visual metaphors of underlying themes and indicators of structure and literary devices. My research is into the texts themselves, reading and responding to them; into natural subjects that express my response; and into the art-making process from which the final artworks are created. The end product of my research is an exhibition of these watercolour works and an A4-sized book combining the complete printed text of the Scrolls in the English Standard Version (ESV) as I have formatted it, with my illustrations as border designs. My aim is that through the manuscripts’ overall design, I honour the authors’ literary artistry, including symmetry, acrostic and reversal. Through my choice of subjects for each illustration, I aim to suggest themes in the adjoining text.
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Cunningham, Tallulah. "The Hunter Rubáiyát: illustrating Edward FitzGerald's Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyam in an contemporary Australian setting." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1313464.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Edward FitzGerald’s poem Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám has been illustrated over a hundred and fifty times during the decade and a half since its first publication. These illustrations have depicted exotic, arcadian other-places that ignore the poem’s frequent endorsement to live with immediacy. My Practice-based Creative PhD project has focused on producing a visual interpretation that reflects the immediate landscapes of my own physical situation: modern Australia. I have crafted illustrations that use the current landscapes and biotic content of the Hunter Valley, NSW, to emphasise not only the ongoing relevance of this poem to the brevity of human life but also my interpretations of the poem. To describe the poem’s frequent references to the passage of time I have drawn on my experience as a Natural History Illustrator, integrating the cycle of seasonal climatic events, plant and animal behaviour into my visual interpretation. I have also inverted the existing trend of exotic illustrations in a familiar physical context (that of a book) by presenting my depiction of the familiar, local environments in two exotic formats. These formats are based on Japanese narrative-scrolls and woodblock prints, providing unusual and intentionally tactile creative objects.
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Hanna, Kathleen Ann. "The art and science of botanical illustration and identification: developing an illustrated handbook to the iconic wildflowers of Muogamarra Nature Reserve." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1403437.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)‘The Art and Science of Botanical Illustration and Identification: Developing a Handbook to the Iconic Wildflowers of Muogamarra Nature Reserve’, is an exploration into the visual nature of plant identification. The purpose of this project is to produce detailed and scientifically accurate coloured botanical plates that represent a carefully selected variety of iconic understory plant species found in Muogamarra Nature Reserve. Each plate features the flower, leaves, fruit and seed from a single species, and is illustrated using traditional methods of painting with watercolour on paper. The aim is to capture the essence of each plant for quick identification without the need for dissections, or excessively detailed textual descriptions. After thorough investigation, I have concluded that there is very little illustrative information available to the public that describes the native flora growing in bushland within Muogamarra Nature Reserve and this project aims to correct this gap in knowledge.
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Elliott, Maree Patricia. "Mycelee obsession: the development of a comprehensive field and laboratory- based guide for scientific mycological illustration." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1404202.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)For me the process between illustration and mycological science has merged. Although I think of myself as an illustrator first my research requires a scientific approach to understand the subject and in turn this provides a reference for undertaking further illustrations in the future. According to Hodge (1989) a scientific illustration is an accurate drawing that is aesthetically attractive to inform scientific information. Scientists communicate their findings by publishing results of their research in scientific peer reviewed journals. Their Illustrations are rendered as black and white line drawing because this shows the described characteristics that distinguish one species from another more clearly. The processes that scientists working in the area of mycology use start in the field observing, collecting fungi specimens and documenting field data as well as the macroscopic characteristics of fungi. The second process involves observing and documenting the microscopic characteristics of fungi in the laboratory. Then the specimens are added to a herbarium collection after being dried, identified, information recorded in a database and carefully stored for possible further research in the future. To establish an appropriate method of data collection and interpretation in the context of this research the Natural History Illustration methods of field and studio practice will be undertaken. This is aimed at clearly defining a best practice approach for Natural History Illustrators to produce a Scientific Mycological illustration plate. It is my position that there is no defined description for a practice approach, or agreement for the creation of a Scientific Mycological illustration plate. This research intends to find evidence for the requirements of a Scientific Mycological illustration plate undertaken in collaboration with mycologists to ensure the correct elements and information are described to enable the completed illustrations to be recognised as formal taxonomic works recognised by the field of science. This exegesis is an auto-ethnographic account of my research.
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Holm, Stephanie Frances Ellen. "Representing the ‘Bushland Campus’: investigating natural history illustration methodology to develop a bushland chorography." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1392744.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Chorography is a historic practice in which specific geographic regions were represented in text-based and illustrated forms. Chorographic works are qualitative and interpretive. They showcase select details of the region, unlike broader geographic and topographic approaches. Historic chorographic works include decorated medieval maps and written itineraries. Contemporary chorographic works embrace a wider range of forms including visual artworks, paintings, prints and computer-based publications such as eBooks. In both a historic and contemporary context, the content and form of each chorography is dependent on the individual chorographer, their interest, purpose and audience. This practice-based research investigates how a chorography of a bushland region can be recorded using a natural history illustration (NHI) methodology. Through a literature review the key criteria of chorography are established and then used to inform the development of my chorographic work. The defining quality of a region is that it must be replicable. Thus, for the purpose of this research, the region selected to be chorographed is the remnant vegetation on the Callaghan Campus of the University of Newcastle, Australia, known as the ‘Bushland Campus’. The bushland on campus comprises four ecological communities. Employing a NHI methodology, the research process involves first identifying and observing fauna and flora in these ecological communities through interdisciplinary fieldwork. Fieldwork is then interpreted through NHI practice methods in a studio-based enquiry and illustrations are produced. Finally, the individual illustrations are contextualised within a chorography of a bushland region in the form of an interactive and responsive webpage.
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Liebman, Elizabeth Amy. "Painting natures : Buffon and the art of the Histoire naturelle /." 2003. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3108092.
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Sailer, Prunella May. "Wild Visions: an artistic investigation into animal vision." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1061102.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)As human beings, we view the world from a distinctly human perspective, shaped by our experiences, culture, and the capabilities and limitations of our vision. If we were to imagine ourselves behind the eyes of animals, which can function within vastly different visual parameters, how might the world look from their perspective? As an artist, I am inspired by this question and the creative possibilities it presents. In this research project I have selected seven species that represent a cross-section of the animal world's optical diversity and investigated the characteristics of their vision according to published scientific data. The functionality of each species' vision is determined by their eye structure, visible colour spectrum, visual acuity, visual fields and their typical habitat and behaviour. These details have been used as the basis for a series of artworks that comprise four works for each species. The first is a series of drawings describing the typical posture and head movements of each species. The other three sets are oil paintings, illustrating a close-up of each animals eye or eyes, a view of the animal in its typical habitat from a human perspective, and my interpretation of the way each animal is likely to see its own habitat. These artworks represent just the beginning of an investigation that has the potential to communicate to an unlimited audience the fascinating research being conducted in the field of animal vision, through the visual medium of natural history illustration.
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Parsons, Myra, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Nursing. "Natural eating behaviour and its effect in labour outcomes." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20637.
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The appropriate oral intake for labouring women has long been a controversial issue among midwives and anaesthetists. Anaesthetists argue that any type of food and, to some extent, fluid consumption during labour, will increase a woman’s risk of gastric content aspiration if general anaesthesia is required. Many midwives believe that aspiration, being such a rare event with contemporary medical practice, is unlikely in the hands of a skilled obstetric anaesthetist. These midwives believe that labouring without any form of sustenance other than water or clear fluids may be detrimental for the woman, her baby and the progress of labour. To date, research has been unable to provide reliable information to support either side of this debate. This thesis presents a series of studies (three surveys and a comparative trial) designed to enhance the body of knowledge available for decisions about labouring women’s oral requirements. The surveys were conducted to describe the policies of hospitals in New South Wales, Australia, and the views and practices of anaesthetists and midwives regarding the oral intake of labouring women. The main findings of this thesis come from a comparative study conducted to explore the effect of eating or not eating food on labour and birth outcomes of 217 nulliparous women with low risk pregnancies, (Eating group = 123; Non-eating group = 94). The study employed a naturalistic approach to its design in order to capture the actual eating behaviour of labouring women rather than the manipulated approach used in a randomised control trial. The findings from this series of studies suggest women should be informed of the lack of evidence to support any dietary regime for labour, along with the possible risks and benefits, and allowed to make their own decisions about their oral intake needs for labour. Although this thesis has augmented knowledge, it has been unable to demonstrate that eating food during labour improves labour and birth outcomes. However, it did not find this practice to be harmful for mothers or babies. The lack of reliable research evidence on which to base practice decreases the ability of midwives to be assured of the ‘best practice’ for labouring women’s oral intake. Further research is essential to ascertain ‘best practice’ for this aspect of care.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Atkins, Daniel Paul. "In pursuit of motion: developing a methodological framework for illustrating moments of movement in birds and fish." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1050169.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Natural history illustration incorporates a range of visual recording techniques, illustration mediums, and communication styles for the purpose of communicating aspects of the natural world. Whilst quite a unique and specific discipline, it is broad in its application ranging from informative scientific illustrations to more aesthetically orientated artworks. Like many creative practices natural history illustration has only recently come to the playing field of formalised academic research, even though throughout history it has enjoined a significant role in both exploration and scientific investigation. Within my research I have developed a methodological framework for illustrating moments of movement in birds and fish. These frameworks that provide a structure for the development of the knowledge necessary to achieve desired outcomes of practice pertaining to positions of bird flight. Such frameworks help define methods of practice-based research, and thus describe how new knowledge is developed and created in practice. Because of the eclectic nature of information gathering required, and the need to synthesize field, studio and literature studies together into a moment of flight, I designed and created a tangible species-specific articulating bird model. The model proved to be highly significant in both developing and elucidating tacit knowledge in the practitioner, and became a core component of the methodological framework.
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Czapla, Julia. "Ilustracja w zoologicznych kompendiach epoki nowożytnej." Praca doktorska, 2019. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/74771.
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Davis, Lambert. "A visual investigation into images of land, sea, sky & cloud: history, science and travel applied to a contemporary art practice." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1310154.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)My art practice combined with my life experience of coastal and marine environments forms the core of an academic investigation into the transitional development of painting styles in British land and seascape art from the late eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. While historically informed, this research is practice-based with a major component comprising a series of contemporary paintings of land, sea, sky and cloud. All the paintings I produced in relation to this investigation were created in the present time-frame and originated from field research conducted in local and distant coastal environments as well as during three sailing expeditions. Throughout an artistic practise ranging from a career as a children’s book illustrator to recording periodic journeys in sketchbooks, my work has been inspired by a lifelong connection to the coastal landscape and marine environment. More recently, while undertaking this PhD in Natural History Illustration, I have gained insight into the challenge of balancing the traditional role of a natural history illustrator to accurately record ones chosen subject, a particular time and place in the case of landscape, with the expressive brushstroke and colour that perhaps better convey a sense of the emotional experience. While making art is often a solitary discipline I have not been alone in my efforts to reconcile these related but often conflicting intentions. British land and seascape art during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries produced some of the most historically significant examples of artists asserting a transformation from descriptive to expressive styles. This research investigates the modification in painting styles focusing on the artists accompanying the mariner James Cook (1728 – 1779) during his three famous voyages of discovery as well as the famous landscape painters John Constable (1776 – 1837) and Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 – 1851). My art practice, conducted in a systematic and experimental way, informed by the experiences of these selected British artists provides a practice-based investigation of theories surrounding their work. This research has been undertaken with the intention of better understanding my own art practice and providing knowledge for other artists conducting similar practice-based research. Furthermore, my intention has been to inspire interest in the field for the broader community by providing personal insight into an important period of British history encompassing art, science and exploration and the influence this period has on contemporary art practice.
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Lee, Kim. "Heavy cannabis use in three remote Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia: patterns of use, natural history, depressive symptoms and the potential for community-driven interventions." Thesis, 2008. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/11729/2/02whole.pdf.
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For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians, tobacco, alcohol and petrol misuse have received much attention. Cannabis, by contrast, has not been viewed as a major problem. However, since the 1990s it has become apparent that cannabis use is very common in some remote Indigenous communities in northern Australia. Significant associated health and social burdens are now being recognised.
Indigenous Australians, whether living in urban or rural settings, are more likely than other Australians to report cannabis use. This appears similar to recent reports of cannabis use in Indigenous populations in New Zealand, Canada and North America. Limited data are available to describe patterns of use among Indigenous Australians.
This thesis describes patterns and natural history of cannabis use in a five year followup study, and their cross-sectional association with depressive symptoms, in a community sample of adolescents and adults (aged 13–36 at baseline in 2001) in remote Indigenous communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory (NT, Australia). It also considers the potential of three community-driven initiatives established to address cannabis and other substance use.
Data for this thesis are drawn from two research projects. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were adapted to suit the study setting, to meet the needs of research conducted in small and highly mobile groups, and across considerable language and cultural barriers.
Primary data collection methods include a structured survey, semi-structured interviews, review of data routinely collected by health and other agencies, and estimations of cannabis use in the communities by local Aboriginal Health Workers and key community informants (proxy respondents). Interviews were conducted wherever possible using a combination of plain English and the local Indigenous language. Interviews were typically conducted in a private location comfortable for participants. Local Indigenous research staff assisted in interviews for the longitudinal study of cannabis use.
Persistent cannabis use and dependence symptoms were found to be commonplace in this Indigenous cohort, raising concerns for the physical, social and psychiatric burden on these vulnerable communities. High prevalence of cannabis use appears to have persisted from baseline to five year follow-up (63%–60%; use in the previous 12 months). After five years, the majority reported continuing cannabis use, with continuing users aged thirty years (median). Past petrol sniffing among baseline cannabis users is also a key predictor of heavy cannabis use (≥ 6 cones, daily) at follow-up. Regular heavy cannabis use was found in almost 90% of users, and around 90% of the Indigenous users report symptoms of cannabis dependence (DSM-IVR).
Regular and heavy patterns of cannabis use that are predominant in these study communities also occur alongside poor mental health and severe disadvantage. In a cross-sectional study, heavy cannabis users were found to be four times more likely than the remainder of the sample to report moderate–severe depressive symptoms (on a modified Patient Health Questionnaire-9) after adjusting for age, sex and other
substance use.
What might be done to address the substantial health and social burdens related to cannabis misuse in these remote Indigenous communities? Broad community-wide preventive measures and programs that provide youth diversion from court and prison offer enhanced youth resilience and connectedness in remote Aboriginal communities, and alternatives to substance use.
Treatment programs for chronic cannabis users are urgently needed, along with locally developed preventive programs to raise community awareness of the harms associated with cannabis and other substance use. Such programs would need to incorporate local Indigenous language and cultural concepts, build capacity of local Indigenous professionals, be guided by Indigenous residents, and be founded on strong partnerships between a range of Indigenous and non-Indigenous stakeholders.
A holistic approach is needed to address substance misuse instead of tackling each substance separately, and to address mental illness and the social determinants of poor health. Potential programs need to draw on community ideas and understanding of the problems being faced. Solutions imposed without reference to local context have little chance of success or longevity. The one-size-fits-all approach assumes homogeneity, but what works for one community is unlikely to be suitable for mass rollout. Ultimately tackling cannabis and other forms of substance misuse in remote settings will depend on working with communities to create opportunities for social development, and continuing education, training and employment in adolescents and young adults.
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Proust, Katrina. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48001.
Full textAbstract:
The task of producing policies for the management of Earth’s natural resources is a problem of the gravest concern worldwide. Such policies must address both responsible use in the present and the sustainability of those finite resources in the future. Resources are showing the adverse results of generations of exploitation, and communities fail to see the outcomes of past policies that have produced, and continue to produce, these results. They have not learned from past policy failures, and consequently fail to produce natural resource management (NRM) policies that support sustainable development. ¶ It will be argued that NRM policy makers fail to learn from the past because they do not have a good historical perspective and a clear understanding of the dynamics of the complex human-environment system that they manage. It will also be argued that historians have not shown an interest in collaborating with policy makers on these issues, even though they have much to offer. Therefore, a new approach is proposed, which brings the skills and understanding of the trained historian directly into the policy arena. ¶ This approach is called Applied Environmental History (AEH). Its aims are to help establish an area of common conceptual ground between NRM practitioners, policy makers, historians and dynamicists; to provide a framework that can help NRM practitioners and policy makers to take account of the historical and dynamical issues that characterise human-environment relationships; and to help NRM practitioners and policy makers improve their capacity to learn from the past. ¶ ...