Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural hazards

Academic literature on the topic 'Natural hazards'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural hazards"

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Mitchell, James K., and Edward A. Bryant. "Natural Hazards." Geographical Review 82, no. 4 (October 1992): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215207.

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Lipman, Peter W. "Natural hazards." Nature 365, no. 6449 (October 1993): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365795a0.

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Barrett, E. C. "Natural hazards." Endeavour 16, no. 3 (September 1992): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(92)90098-a.

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Scheidegger, A. "Natural Hazards." Earth-Science Reviews 33, no. 1 (August 1992): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(92)90076-6.

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Read, Laura K., and Richard M. Vogel. "Hazard function theory for nonstationary natural hazards." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 11, 2016): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-915-2016.

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Abstract. Impact from natural hazards is a shared global problem that causes tremendous loss of life and property, economic cost, and damage to the environment. Increasingly, many natural processes show evidence of nonstationary behavior including wind speeds, landslides, wildfires, precipitation, streamflow, sea levels, and earthquakes. Traditional probabilistic analysis of natural hazards based on peaks over threshold (POT) generally assumes stationarity in the magnitudes and arrivals of events, i.e., that the probability of exceedance of some critical event is constant through time. Given increasing evidence of trends in natural hazards, new methods are needed to characterize their probabilistic behavior. The well-developed field of hazard function analysis (HFA) is ideally suited to this problem because its primary goal is to describe changes in the exceedance probability of an event over time. HFA is widely used in medicine, manufacturing, actuarial statistics, reliability engineering, economics, and elsewhere. HFA provides a rich theory to relate the natural hazard event series (X) with its failure time series (T), enabling computation of corresponding average return periods, risk, and reliabilities associated with nonstationary event series. This work investigates the suitability of HFA to characterize nonstationary natural hazards whose POT magnitudes are assumed to follow the widely applied generalized Pareto model. We derive the hazard function for this case and demonstrate how metrics such as reliability and average return period are impacted by nonstationarity and discuss the implications for planning and design. Our theoretical analysis linking hazard random variable X with corresponding failure time series T should have application to a wide class of natural hazards with opportunities for future extensions.
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Read, L. K., and R. M. Vogel. "Hazard function theory for nonstationary natural hazards." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 11 (November 13, 2015): 6883–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-6883-2015.

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Abstract. Impact from natural hazards is a shared global problem that causes tremendous loss of life and property, economic cost, and damage to the environment. Increasingly, many natural processes show evidence of nonstationary behavior including wind speeds, landslides, wildfires, precipitation, streamflow, sea levels, and earthquakes. Traditional probabilistic analysis of natural hazards based on peaks over threshold (POT) generally assumes stationarity in the magnitudes and arrivals of events, i.e. that the probability of exceedance of some critical event is constant through time. Given increasing evidence of trends in natural hazards, new methods are needed to characterize their probabilistic behavior. The well-developed field of hazard function analysis (HFA) is ideally suited to this problem because its primary goal is to describe changes in the exceedance probability of an event over time. HFA is widely used in medicine, manufacturing, actuarial statistics, reliability engineering, economics, and elsewhere. HFA provides a rich theory to relate the natural hazard event series (X) with its failure time series (T), enabling computation of corresponding average return periods, risk and reliabilities associated with nonstationary event series. This work investigates the suitability of HFA to characterize nonstationary natural hazards whose POT magnitudes are assumed to follow the widely applied Generalized Pareto (GP) model. We derive the hazard function for this case and demonstrate how metrics such as reliability and average return period are impacted by nonstationarity and discuss the implications for planning and design. Our theoretical analysis linking hazard event series X, with corresponding failure time series T, should have application to a wide class of natural hazards with rich opportunities for future extensions.
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Kappel, Ellen. "Undersea Natural Hazards." Oceanography 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.53.

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Kreibich, Heidi, Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh, Laurens M. Bouwer, Philip Bubeck, Paolo Ciavola, Colin Green, Stephane Hallegatte, et al. "Costing natural hazards." Nature Climate Change 4, no. 5 (April 25, 2014): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2182.

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Kasperson, Roger E., and K. David Pijawka. "Societal Response to Hazards and Major Hazard Events: Comparing Natural and Technological Hazards." Public Administration Review 45 (January 1985): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3134993.

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Liu, Baoyin, Yim Ling Siu, and Gordon Mitchell. "Hazard interaction analysis for multi-hazard risk assessment: a systematic classification based on hazard-forming environment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-629-2016.

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Abstract. This paper develops a systematic hazard interaction classification based on the geophysical environment that natural hazards arise from – the hazard-forming environment. According to their contribution to natural hazards, geophysical environmental factors in the hazard-forming environment were categorized into two types. The first are relatively stable factors which construct the precondition for the occurrence of natural hazards, whilst the second are trigger factors, which determine the frequency and magnitude of hazards. Different combinations of geophysical environmental factors induce different hazards. Based on these geophysical environmental factors for some major hazards, the stable factors are used to identify which kinds of natural hazards influence a given area, and trigger factors are used to classify the relationships between these hazards into four types: independent, mutex, parallel and series relationships. This classification helps to ensure all possible hazard interactions among different hazards are considered in multi-hazard risk assessment. This can effectively fill the gap in current multi-hazard risk assessment methods which to date only consider domino effects. In addition, based on this classification, the probability and magnitude of multiple interacting natural hazards occurring together can be calculated. Hence, the developed hazard interaction classification provides a useful tool to facilitate improved multi-hazard risk assessment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural hazards"

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Lagos, González Tomás Ignacio. "Designing resilient power networks against natural hazards." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148468.

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Magíster en Gestión de Operaciones. Ingeniero Civil Industrial
Resiliencia en sistemas de potencia se está estudiando recientemente en la literatura, su principal preocupación es proporcionar la viabilidad de la red en caso de eventos de alto impacto y baja probabilidad (HILP). Las principales contribuciones de este trabajo son: (1) Proporcionar un marco novedoso que apoye la toma de decisiones estratégicas para maximizar la resiliencia del sistema eléctrico contra la amenaza de desastres naturales (el primero de acuerdo a la investigación realizada), en particular terremotos. (2) Proporcionar una alternativa a la planificación impulsada por incentivos económicos, que puede ser costrastada para decisiones de agregar nueva capacidad de generación y nuevas líneas. (3) Presentar un enfoque de optimización discreta vía simulación (DOvS) que aborda problemas que tienen incertidumbre en dos etapas. Los resultados computacionales preliminares muestran que se obtienen soluciones más robustas para este problema en particular. Se utiliza el algoritmo Industrial Strength COMPASS para abordar este problema de decisión discreto, donde la medida de resiliencia corresponde a la energía no suministrada esperada (EENS). La evaluación de la EENS se lleva a cabo a través de un simulador que cuantifica los impactos de los desastres naturales en la demanda y que contiene datos históricos sobre terremotos, curvas de fragilidad de los componentes de la red y un modelo operacional de la red eléctrica. A través de un caso de estudio, se demuestra la aplicabilidad de este método, sus principales características y, en última instancia, cómo un planificador de la red puede diseñar sistemas de potencia más resistentes frente a terremotos.
Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por UK Research Council y CONICYT por medio del Fondo Newton-Picarte
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Bergmeister, Konrad, Manfred Curbach, Evelin Kamper, Dirk Proske, Dieter Rickenmann, and Sigrid Wieshofer. "3rd Probabilistic Workshop Technical Systems, Natural Hazards." Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 2009. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A287.

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Modern engineering structures should ensure an economic design, construction and operation of structures in compliance with the required safety for persons and the environment. In order to achieve this aim, all contingencies and associated consequences that may possibly occur throughout the life cycle of the considered structure have to be taken into account. Today, the development is often based on decision theory, methods of structural reliability and the modeling of consequences. Failure consequences are one of the significant issues that determine optimal structural reliability. In particular, consequences associated with the failure of structures are of interest, as they may lead to significant indirect consequences, also called follow-up consequences. However, apart from determining safety levels based on failure consequences, it is also crucially important to have effective models for stress forces and maintenance planning ... (aus dem Vorwort)
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Threatt, Patrick Lee. "NATURAL HAZARDS IN MISSISSIPPI: REGIONAL PERCEPTIONS AND REALITY." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11092007-145929/.

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This study comprised of a survey of 807 students in geosciences classes at Mississippi State University to determine the perceived level of threat from eight natural hazards: hurricanes, hail, lightning, tornadoes, earthquakes, ice storms, floods, and wildfires. Responses were analyzed to detect spatial differences in perceptions of threats across the state of Mississippi for comparison. Actual occurrences of the natural hazards and preparations for dealing with these hazards were recorded by county and MEMA districts. Threat perceptions for hurricanes, ice storms, floods, and lightning showed spatial differences, whereas threats from hail, tornadoes, earthquakes, and wildfire showed no spatial differences. All perceived threats except ice storms paralleled the actual recorded occurrences of the respective hazards spatially. Preparations for each hazard included the adoption of MEMAs Basic Plan for the entire state.
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Threatt, Patrick Lee. "Natural hazards in Mississippi regional perceptions and reality /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11092007-145929.

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García, Castillo Jorge M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Effects and mitigation of natural hazards in retail networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117797.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-89).
The number of natural hazards has been increasing over the last 10 years. Understanding the impact of natural hazards on retail networks is crucial to make effective planning against disruptions. We used daily sales and inventory data from a country-wide retail network and natural emergencies historic data to quantify the consequences triggered by these events in product and financial flows. We analyze sales and inventory flow through points of sale and distribution centers. We propose the Resilience Investment Model (RIM) to invest in resilience against the effects of natural hazards. This model takes into account the operational details of the organization. RIM is a two-stage multi-period inventory flow stochastic program. The resilience investments consist in acquiring additional inventory to buffer against disruptions and the use of real options contracts with suppliers to execute when a declared emergency happens. We use a set of risk profiles over the future costs to align the investment with the financials and preferences of the organization. This research shows how the risk profiles of the decision maker shape the location and distribution of backup stock in a retail network. We show that risk averse profiles reduce worst-case cost by 15% while increasing average cost by 2%. We recommend the use of risk profiles with cost targets to quantify the Value at Risk of the network due to natural hazards.
by Jorge García Castillo.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
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Hunter, Alasdair. "Quantifying and understanding the aggregate risk of natural hazards." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15719.

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Statistical models are necessary to quantify and understand the risk from natural hazards. A statistical framework is developed here to investigate the e ect of dependence between the frequency and intensity of natural hazards on the aggregate risk. The aggregate risk of a natural hazard is de ned as the sum of the intensities for all events within a season. This framework is applied to a database of extra tropical cyclone tracks from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis for the October to March extended winters between 1950 and 2003. Large positive correlation is found between cyclone counts and the local mean vorticity over the exit regions of the North Atlantic and North Paci c storm tracks. The aggregate risk is shown to be sensitive to this dependence, especially over Scandinavia. Falsely assuming independence between the frequency and intensity results in large biases in the variance of the aggregate risk. Possible causes for the dependence are investigated by regressing winter cyclone counts and local mean vorticity on teleconnection indices with Poisson and linear models. The indices for the Scandinavian pattern, North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic Pattern are able to account for most of the observed positive correlation over the North Atlantic. The sensitivity of extremes of the aggregate risk distribution to the inclusion of clustering, with and without frequency intensity dependence, is investigated using Cantelli bounds and a copula simulation approach. The inclusion of dependence is shown to be necessary to model the clustering of extreme events. The implication of these ndings for the insurance sector is investigated using the loss component of a catastrophe model. A mixture model approach provides a simple and e ective way to incorporate frequency-intensity dependence into the loss model. Including levels of correlation and overdispersion comparable to that observed in the reanalysis data results in an average increase of over 30% in the 200 year return level for the aggregate loss.
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Xia, Xilin. "High-performance simulation technologies for water-related natural hazards." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3798.

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Water-related natural hazards, such as flash floods, landslides and debris flows, usually happen in chains. In order to better understand the underlying physical processes and more reliably quantify the associated risk, it is essential to develop a physically-based multi-hazard modelling system to simulate these hazards at a catchment scale. An effective multi-hazard modelling system may be developed by solving a set of depth-averaged dynamic equations incorporating adaptive basal resistance terms. High-performance computing achieved through implementation on modern graphic processing units (GPUs) can be used to accelerate the model to support efficient large-scale simulations. This thesis presents the key simulation technologies for developing such a novel high-performance water-related natural hazards modelling system. A new well-balanced smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) model is first presented for solving the shallow water equations (SWEs) in the context of flood inundation modelling. The performance of the SPH model is compared with an alternative flood inundation model based on a finite volume (FV) method in order to select a better numerical method for the current study. The FV model performs favourably for practical applications and therefore is adopted to develop the proposed multi-hazard model. In order to more accurately describe the rainfallrunoff and overland flow process that often initiates a hazard chain, a first-order FV Godunovtype model is developed to solve the SWEs, implemented with novel source term discretisation schemes. The new model overcomes the limitations of the current prevailing numerical schemes such as inaccurate calculations of bed slope or friction source terms and provides much improved numerical accuracy, efficiency and stability for simulating overland flows and surface flooding. To support large-scale simulation of flow-like landslides or debris flows, a new formulation of depth-averaged governing equations is derived on the Cartesian coordinate system. The new governing equations take into account the effects of non-hydrostatic pressure and centrifugal force, which may become significant over terrains with steep and curved topography. These equations are compatible with various basal resistance terms, effectively leading to a unified mathematical framework for describing different type of water-related natural hazards including surface flooding, flow-like landslides and debris flows. The new depthaveraged governing equations are then solved using an FV Godunov-type framework based on the second-order accurate scheme. A flexible and GPU-based software framework is further designed to provide much improved computational efficiency for large-scale simulations and ease the future implementation of new functionalities. This provides an effective codebase for the proposed multi-hazard modelling system and its potential is confirmed by successfully applying to simulate flow-like landslides and dam break floods.
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Allen, Matthew Charles. "Stakeholder perceptions of flooding issues in the Wildcat Creek Watershed." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35444.

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Master of Arts
Department of Geography
John A. Harrington Jr
Wildcat Creek Watershed near Manhattan, Kansas, experiences damaging flash floods that have required evacuations in recent years (Spicer 2011). The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the issue of flooding in the Wildcat Creek Watershed through interviewing stakeholders (those that reside, own a business, or study) using a semi – structured approach. Interview discussion examined stakeholders’ perceptions of 1) how they understand the processes that create the flooding hazard, 2) whether or not they value the implementation of mitigation efforts to reduce the negative impacts of flooding, 3) whether they feel at risk to flooding, and 4) who they consider a trusted source of information about the hydrologic characteristics of the watershed. Based on the results of this study, a spatial relationship in perceptions of flooding issues in the Wildcat Creek Watershed was found. Across the study area, stakeholders understood many of the physical causes of flooding, but did not tend to see the connections among the many physical components. Overall, stakeholders believed that mitigation strategies to curb flash flooding were valuable, although many were not supportive of paying for these efforts through potential taxation from a watershed district. Despite the increase of flooding events in the past decade (Anderson 2011), many stakeholders neither saw any changes in their personal risk of exposure to flooding nor a change in their flood vulnerability. In the context of the flooding issue in Wildcat Creek Watershed, most participants trusted their neighbors and community leaders as sources of information instead of professionals who research and/or conduct work on the watershed.
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Lilly, Joseph. "Municipal planning for natural hazards, what is the best approach?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39677.pdf.

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Hammel, Evan Martin. "A multi-attribute framework for risk analysis of natural hazards." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1446078.

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Books on the topic "Natural hazards"

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Keller, Edward A., Duane E. DeVecchio, and Robert H. Blodgett. Natural Hazards. Fifth edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019. | “Fourth edition published by Pearson Education, Inc. 2015”—T.p. verso. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164298.

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Papadopoulos, G. A., T. Murty, S. Venkatesh, and R. Blong, eds. Natural Hazards. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2386-2.

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Singh, Ramesh P., and Darius Bartlett, eds. Natural Hazards. Boca Raton, Florida : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315166841.

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Natural hazards. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Natural hazards. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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David, Chapman. Natural hazards. 2nd ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Frampton, S. Natural hazards. 2nd ed. London: Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 2000.

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Bartlett, Darius, and Ramesh P. Singh, eds. Exploring Natural Hazards. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2018.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315166858.

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Fien, John. Studying natural hazards. [Harlow, Essex]: Longman, 1986.

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Environmental hazards. 2nd ed. Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, UK: Nelson, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural hazards"

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Gornitz, Vivien. "Natural Hazards." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1233–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_221.

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Al Saud, Mashael M. "Natural Hazards." In Sustainable Land Management for NEOM Region, 145–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57631-8_8.

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Gornitz, Vivien. "Natural Hazards." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_221-2.

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Bonati, Sara. "Natural Hazards." In Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69891-5_107-1.

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Faure Walker, Joanna. "Natural Hazards." In The Palgrave Handbook of Unconventional Risk Transfer, 189–239. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59297-8_7.

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Bowman, Dan. "Natural Hazards." In Principles of Alluvial Fan Morphology, 127–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1558-2_18.

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Gornitz, Vivian, Nicholas C. Kraus, Nicholas C. Kraus, Ping Wang, Ping Wang, Gregory W. Stone, Richard Seymour, et al. "Natural Hazards." In Encyclopedia of Coastal Science, 678–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_221.

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Cervone, Guido, Yuzuru Tanaka, and Nigel Waters. "Natural Hazards." In Encyclopedia of Big Data, 676–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32010-6_530.

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Bonati, Sara. "Natural Hazards." In Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management, 659–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70488-3_107.

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Cervone, Guido, Yuzuru Tanaka, and Nigel Waters. "Natural Hazards." In Encyclopedia of Big Data, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32001-4_530-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural hazards"

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Amórtegui, José Vicente. "Pipeline Vulnerability to Natural Hazards." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8504.

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The strength and stiffness of the pipelines allow them to tolerate the effects of natural hazards for some period of time. The amount of time depends on the strength and deformability, the stress state, the age, the conditions of installation and operation of the pipeline and their geometric arrangement with regard to the hazardous process. Accordingly, some of the hazards due to weather conditions and external forces would not be time independent. In consequence the designing of monitoring systems to predict the behavior of the pipelines against natural hazards is required in order to carry out the preventive actions which are necessary to avoid failure of the pipes due to the exposition to those hazards. In this paper a method for assessing the transport system vulnerability is developed, a function for risk analysis is proposed (which is determined by the probability of the natural hazard, the pipeline’s vulnerability to the hazard and the consequences of the pipe rupture). The elements that are part of that evaluation are presented and illustrated by means of examples.
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Girgin, Serkan, and Elisabeth Krausmann. "Onshore Natural Gas and Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Natechs in the USA: Analysis of PHMSA Incident Reports." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33366.

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Natural hazards can be initiating events for accidents in oil and gas pipelines. Severe past incidents bear testimony to the risk associated with pipeline accidents triggered by natural hazards (natechs). Post-incident analysis is a valuable tool for better understanding the causes, dynamics and impacts of such accidents. To identify the main triggers of onshore transmission pipeline natechs in the USA, natural gas and hazardous liquid incident reports collected by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration were analyzed. Potential natech incidents were identified by automated data-mining followed by expert review. The analysis covered ∼21,000 incidents, about 6% of which were identified as natechs. Geological hazards triggered 50% of the identified natechs, followed by meteorological (25%), climatic (11%), and hydrological (11%) hazards. Landslides are the main geological hazard with 43% of the incidents within the category. Among meteorological hazards, lightning is the major hazard with 36%. 84% of the hydrological hazard related natechs were found to be due to floods. Cold-related hazards make up 93% of the natechs caused by adverse climatic conditions. Some preliminary qualitative results on consequences are provided as well.
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Savigny, K. Wayne, Michael Porter, Joyce Chen, Eugene Yaremko, Michael Reed, and Glenn Urquhart. "Natural Hazard and Risk Management for Pipelines." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27176.

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Pipeline systems must contend with many hazards, of which ground movements such as landslides and washouts represent one type. Under the broader umbrella term, natural hazards, individual ground movement threats can be subdivided into geotechnical and hydrotechnical hazards. A four-phase natural hazard and risk management system (NHRM) is being developed. Although research and development are ongoing, implementation over the past seven years spans approximately 25,000 km of main-line pipeline in North and South America. It complies with CSA requirements for ‘hazard identification’ as well as current standard-of-care guidelines related to case-law in Canada. It is designed as a simple yet reproducible methodology that can be operated by pipeline companies, particularly their field staff. The first two phases of hazard identification/assessment are described here with reference to a recent study of hydrotechnical hazards along the Trans Mountain Pipe Line Co. Ltd. main line from Hinton, Alberta to Kamloops, British Columbia in the mountains of western Canada. The relative hazard ratings generated by the Phase I and II methodology can be integrated into existing risk management methodologies used in the industry. Alternatively, the risk assessment and risk management methodology of the NHRM system can be used as outlined in this paper.
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Coatsworth, A. "Natural Hazards – Man-Made Disasters." In 67th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.1.f021.

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Amórtegui Gil, José Vicente. "Risk Assessment of Hydrocarbon Pipelines Facing Natural Hazards." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2513.

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Hydrocarbon pipelines are exposed to hazards from natural processes, which may affect their integrity and trigger processes that have consequences on the environment. Among the natural hazards are the effects of the earthquakes, the neotectonic activity, the volcanism, the weathering of soils and rocks, the landslides, the flows or avalanches of mud or debris, the processes related to sediment transport such as the erosion, the scour by streams, the floods and the sloughing due to rains. Those processes are sometimes related to each other, e.g. the earthquakes can produce slides, or movement of geological faults, or soil liquefaction; the rain can trigger landslides and can cause avalanches and mudslides or debris flow; the volcanic eruptions can originate landslides and avalanches, or pyroclastic flows. Human activities can also induce or accelerate “natural” processes that affect the integrity of the pipelines. The strength and stiffness of the pipelines allow them to tolerate the effects of natural hazards for some period of time. The amount of time depends on the strength and deformability, the stress state, the age, the conditions of installation and operation of the pipelines and their geometric arrangement with regard to the hazardous processes. In the programs for pipeline integrity management, the risk is defined as a function that relates the probability of the pipeline rupture and the consequences of the failure. However, some people define risk as the summation of the indicators of probability and consequences, such as a RAM matrix. Others define the risk as the product of the probability of failure times the cost of the consequences, while the overall function used to evaluate the rupture probability of a pipeline facing hazards considered in the ASME b31.8 S standard includes all the elements involved in the failure process. In that standard, for the specific analysis of natural hazards, it is proposed that the function is separated in the two following principal elements: the probability of occurrence of the threatening process (hazard) and the pipeline’s capacity to tolerate it. In this paper a general function is proposed, which is the product of the probability of occurrence of the threatening process, the vulnerability of the pipeline (expressed as the fraction of the potential damage the pipe can undergo), and the consequences of the pipeline failure (represented in the summation of the costs of the spilled product, its collection, the pipeline repair and the damages made by the rupture).
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Coulon, Vincent, Sébastien Christophe, Laurence Grammosenis, Luc Guinard, and Hervé Cordier. "Protection of Nuclear Power Plants Against Natural Hazards: Protection Principles Against Rare and Severe Natural Hazards for New Nuclear Power Plants." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16185.

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Abstract The field of protection against external natural hazards (eg.: rare and severe hazards) has regularly evolved since the design of the first NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants) to take into account the experience feedback. Following the Fukushima Daiichi accident in March 2011, consideration of rare and severe natural hazards has considerably increased in the international context. Taking rare and severe natural hazards into account is a challenge for operating nuclear reactors and a major issue for the design of new nuclear reactors. In Europe, considering lessons learnt from the Fukushima Daiichi accident, European safety authorities released new reference levels in the framework of WENRA 2013 (Western European Nuclear Regulators Association) standards for new reactors [1] to address external hazards more severe than the design basis hazards. Considering this input, the French and UK nuclear regulators have released specific guidelines (Guide No. 22 related to design of new pressurized water reactors [2] for France and ONR Safety Assessment Principles SAPs [3] for the UK) to describe how to apply those principles in their national context. To comply with those different guidelines, EDF has developed different approaches, called Beyond Design Basis (BDB) approaches, related to rare and severe natural hazards issue in the French and UK context for nuclear new build projects. Those two approaches are presented in the present technical paper with the following structure: - safety objectives; - hazards to consider; - SSCs (Structures, Systems, and Components) required to meet safety objectives; - study rules and assumptions; - analysis of deterministic or probabilistic nature, thereby including the following: ○ analysis of available margins (margin between 10−4 per annum exceedance frequency of hazard site level or equivalent level of safety and the chosen Design Basis Hazard level also called ‘inherent margin’); ○ Fukushima Daiichi accident Operating Experience feedback; ○ probabilistic safety analyses. This technical paper highlights common characteristics and differences between the two approaches considering the French and UK regulatory contexts.
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Gil, José Vicente Amórtegui. "Natural Hazards in Hydrocarbon Transportation Lines." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47631(410)36.

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Popescu, A. A., C. Vaduva, D. Faur, D. Raducanu, I. Gavat, and M. Datcu. "User image mining for natural hazards." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aqtr.2010.5520670.

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"GIS for Vulnerability to Natural Hazards." In International Conference on Architecture, Structure and Civil Engineering. Universal Researchers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/ur.u0915313.

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Vieweg, Sarah, Amanda L. Hughes, Kate Starbird, and Leysia Palen. "Microblogging during two natural hazards events." In the 28th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753486.

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Reports on the topic "Natural hazards"

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Gosselin, P., C. Campagna, D. Demers-Bouffard, S. Qutob, and M. Flannigan. Natural hazards. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329529.

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Clague, J. J. Chapter 21: Natural Hazards. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/134137.

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Journeay, M., J. Z. K. Yip, C. L. Wagner, P. LeSueur, and T. Hobbs. Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330295.

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While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with, and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level. Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.
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Wagenblast, G. R. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. WESF natural phenomena hazards survey. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663127.

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Journeay, M., P. LeSueur, W. Chow, and C L Wagner. Physical exposure to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330012.

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Natural hazard threats occur in areas of the built environment where buildings, people, and related financial assets are exposed to the physical effects of earth system processes that have a potential to cause damage, injuries, losses, and related socioeconomic disruption. As cities, towns, and villages continue to expand and densify in response to the pressures of urban growth and development, so too do the levels of exposure and susceptibility to natural hazard threat. While our understanding of natural hazard processes has increased significantly over the last few decades, the ability to assess both overall levels of physical exposure and the expected impacts and consequences of future disaster events (i.e., risk) is often limited by access to an equally comprehensive understanding of the built environment and detailed descriptions of who and what are situated in harm's way. This study addresses the current gaps in our understanding of physical exposure to natural hazards by presenting results of a national model that documents characteristics of the built environment for all settled areas in Canada. The model (CanEM) includes a characterization of broad land use patterns that describe the form and function of cities, towns, and villages of varying size and complexity, and the corresponding portfolios of people, buildings and related financial assets that make up the internal structure and composition of these communities at the census dissemination area level. Outputs of the CanEM model are used to carry out a preliminary assessment of exposure and susceptibility to significant natural hazard threats in Canada including earthquake ground shaking; inundation of low-lying areas by floods and tsunami; severe winds associated with hurricanes and tornados; wildland urban interface fire (wildfire); and landslides of various types. Results of our assessment provide important new insights on patterns of development and defining characteristics of the built environment for major metropolitan centres, rural and remote communities in different physiographic regions of Canada, and the effects of ongoing urbanization on escalating disaster risk trends at the community level. Profiles of physical exposure and hazard susceptibility described in this report are accompanied by open-source datasets that can be used to inform local and/or regional assessments of disaster risk, community planning and emergency management activities for all areas in Canada. Study outputs contribute to broader policy goals and objectives of the International Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2015-2030; Un General Assembly, 2015) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR 2015-2030; United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction [UNDRR], 2015), of which Canada is a contributing member. These include a more complete understanding of natural hazard risk at all levels of government, and the translation of this knowledge into actionable strategies that are effective in reducing intrinsic vulnerabilities of the built environment and in strengthening the capacity of communities to withstand and recover from future disaster events.
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Tallman, A. M. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/670053.

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Conrads, T. J. Natural phenomena hazards, Hanford Site, Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148938.

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Tallman, A. M. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658878.

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Tallman, A. M. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658949.

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Tallman, A. M. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654359.

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