Dissertations / Theses: 'Natural gas'

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Li, Yun. "Natural Gas Storage Valuation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19695.

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In this thesis, one methodology for natural gas storage valuation is developed and two methodologies are improved. Then all of the three methodologies are applied to a storage contract. The first methodology is called "intrinsic rolling with spot and forward", which takes both the spot and forward prices into account in the valuation. This method is based on the trading strategy by which a trader locks the spot and forward positions by solving an optimization problem based on the market information on the first day. In the following days, the trader can obtain added value by adjusting the positions based on new market information. The storage value is the sum of the first day's value and the added values in the following days. The problem can be expressed by a Bellman equation and solved recursively. A crucial issue in the implementation is how to compute the expected value in the next period conditioned on the information in current period. One way to compute the expected value is Monte Carlo simulation with ordinary least square regression. However, if all of the state variables, spot, and forward prices are incorporated in the regression there are too many terms, and the regression becomes uncontrollable. To solve this issue, three risk factors are chosen by performing principle component analysis. Dimension of the regression is greatly reduced by only incorporating the three risk factors. Both the second methodology and the third methodology only consider the spot price in the valuation. The second methodology uses Monte Carlo simulation with ordinary least square regression, which is based on the work of Boogert and Jong (2006). The third methodology uses stochastic dual dynamic programming, which is based on the work of Bringedal (2003). However, both methodologies are improved to incorporate bid and ask prices. Price models are crucial for the valuation. Forward prices of each month are assumed to follow geometric Brownian motions. Future spot price is also assumed to follow a geometric Brownian motion but for a specific month its expectation is set to the corresponding forward price on the valuation date. Since the simulation of spot and forward prices is separated from the storage optimization, alternative spot and forward models can be used when necessary. The results show that the value of the storage contract estimated by the first methodology is close to the market value and the value estimated by the Financial Engineering Associates (FEA) provided function. A much higher value is obtained when only spot price is considered, since the high volatility of the spot curve makes frequent position change profitable. However in the reality traders adjust their positions less frequently.

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Black, Alexander Joseph. "Canadian natural gas deregulation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27762.

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Canadian natural gas deregulation has terminated government price setting in favour of prices determined by market forces. However, the transportation of the commodity remains regulated due to the monopolistic nature of the distribution system and the Canadian economies of scale which preclude business rivalry. This paper attempts to discern whether the transition to a new regime is following the legal principles underlying public utility regulation. Promotion of the public interest is therefore a pervasive theme of this paper. While regulatory law allows certain forms of discrimination in the setting of rates and the provision of services, it prohibits undue or unjust discrimination. The thesis proposed herein focuses on regulatory theory and the possibility that incidents of undue discrimination may have been exacerbated by the deregulation process. The examination begins with a review of the discrimination provisions of section 92A of the Constitution Act 1867, the so-called "Resource Amendment". More attention is directed to public utilities theory given its compelling application to the natural gas industry. Deregulation is then discussed including an analysis of "direct sale" contracts involving the commodity as well as the "bypass" of the local pipeline distribution systems. Some conclusions are then made concerning competition and changing commercial conditions. Grave doubts are voiced as to whether the National Energy Board is properly applying the principles of public utility regulation during the transition to a more market oriented natural gas environment. One important conclusion is that direct sale contracts should be encouraged in the core market as well as in the industrial market by the National Energy Board in order to promote upstream competition among gas producers in the public interest. Finally, it is hoped that these doubts will be resolved by the Board in its new (RH-1-88) public hearing which will address issues related to deregulation, including direct sales and the ancillary self-displacement and operating demand volume (ODV) methodology.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate

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Battah, Sam Jordan. "Natural gas hydrate production." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15554.

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The concept which led to the establishment of the research in natural gas hydrate production, was born by Dr. Robert Amin (currently Professor of Petroleum Engineering at Curtin University and Chair of the Woodside Research Foundation) and Alan Jackson of Woodside Energy. The intended research in this field is to establish the viability of utilizing a synthesised natural gas hydrate as a means to allow a cheaper form of transportation of natural gas from the wellhead to the customer in direct competition with liquefied natural gas (LNG). Natural gas exists in ice-like formations called hydrates found on or under sea-beds and under permafrost. Hydrates trap methane molecules inside a cage of frozen water, where the amount of hydrates trapped is dependent on surrounding formation pressure. The amount of natural gas trapped in hydrates is largely unknown, but it is very large. A number of scientists believe that hydrates contain more than twice as much energy as all the world's coal, oil, and natural gas combined, hence making it a viable option of fuel in the 21st century, in a world constantly seeking cleaner sources of energy. The feasibility of production of natural gas hydrates on offshore installations and onshore facilities makes this development a viable option. As such this technology requires detailed research and development in a laboratory environment coupled with a pilot plant construction for commercial operation. Current estimates for onshore based facilities for the production of hydrates show a cost reduction of approximately 25% compared with LNG plants of the same energy capacity.
There are two major issues which require detailed research and development in order to progress this technology. First is the enhancement of the hydrates production by the use of other additives, and second, the continuous production at near atmospheric pressures. Other research related to transport methodology and re-gasification will be essential for the overall success of this technology, however, this work is outside the scope of this research.

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Battah, Sam. "Natural gas hydrate production." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1221.

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The concept which led to the establishment of the research in natural gas hydrate production, was born by Dr. Robert Amin (currently Professor of Petroleum Engineering at Curtin University and Chair of the Woodside Research Foundation) and Alan Jackson of Woodside Energy. The intended research in this field is to establish the viability of utilizing a synthesised natural gas hydrate as a means to allow a cheaper form of transportation of natural gas from the wellhead to the customer in direct competition with liquefied natural gas (LNG). Natural gas exists in ice-like formations called hydrates found on or under sea-beds and under permafrost. Hydrates trap methane molecules inside a cage of frozen water, where the amount of hydrates trapped is dependent on surrounding formation pressure. The amount of natural gas trapped in hydrates is largely unknown, but it is very large. A number of scientists believe that hydrates contain more than twice as much energy as all the world's coal, oil, and natural gas combined, hence making it a viable option of fuel in the 21st century, in a world constantly seeking cleaner sources of energy. The feasibility of production of natural gas hydrates on offshore installations and onshore facilities makes this development a viable option. As such this technology requires detailed research and development in a laboratory environment coupled with a pilot plant construction for commercial operation. Current estimates for onshore based facilities for the production of hydrates show a cost reduction of approximately 25% compared with LNG plants of the same energy capacity.There are two major issues which require detailed research and development in order to progress this technology. First is the enhancement of the hydrates production by the use of other additives, and second, the continuous production at near atmospheric pressures. Other research related to transport methodology and re-gasification will be essential for the overall success of this technology, however, this work is outside the scope of this research.

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Battah, Sam. "Natural gas hydrate production /." Full text available, 2002. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20041207.145646.

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Goossens, Tim. "Nurturing Natural Gas : Conflict and Controversy of Natural Gas Extraction in the Netherlands." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324195.

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Delashob, Hemen, and Björn Elmström. "Liquified Natural Gas Marine Fuel : Naturally Occuring Radioactive Material." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84206.

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There seems to be enough information available on how different types of radiation may affect human health. There also seems to be adequate research made about NORM and how to handle this phenomenon. The image put forth by this study shows that the appearance of NORM within affected industries do not appear surprising or difficult to deal with. On the contrary it seems to be a well-known issue and safety measures have been adapted accordingly. It appears as if these issues have been overlooked regarding the systems where LNG is being used as a marine fuel. There is not enough data to conclude whether NORM is an issue or not in such systems.

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Van, der Maat Jan-Pieter. "Impact of natural gas storage on natural gas prices an empirical analysis of the Western European gas marke." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142637.

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Master Thesis Economic Analysis
This paper examines the effect of natural gas storage on natural gas prices. Using a comprehensive dataset containing daily data for the period 2010-2014 we estimate two specifications for the Dutch, German and British natural gas markets. We do not find evidence of a stabilising effect of natural gas storage on daily price changes. However we do find strong evidence of a positive effect of inventory levels of natural gas storage facilities on intertemporal price spreads

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Bloemhof, Barbara Lynn Mestelman Stuart. "Market power and the sale of Ontario residential natural gas: An institutional analysis and a laboratory experiment." *McMaster only, 2004.

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Sublette, Kerry Lyn. "Microbial desulfurization of natural gas /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1985. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8510388.

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Watson, R. F. "Substitute natural gas from coal." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352705.

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Skarvelis, Georgios V. "Containerized compressed natural gas shipping." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82356.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-108).
In the last decades, the demand for energy is increasing. It is necessary to develop new ways to distribute the energy using economically feasible solutions. In this project an Ultra Large Container Ship is used that can carry more than 12,000 TEUs. Inside each TEU, four cylinders are installed that can store compressed natural gas at 250 bar. Two types of cylinders are tested: cylinders made of steel and cylinders made of carbon fiber. Carbon fiber cylinders were chosen because they are lighter. In addition, two types of compressors are used: centrifugal and reciprocating compressors. Centrifugal compressors are used to increase the initial pressure from 10 bar to 50 bar. Reciprocating compressors are used to increase the pressure from 50 bar to 250 bar. A model is developed using thermodynamics and MATLAB, in order to determine the total power required for a compressor to fill the entire vessel in one or more days. Furthermore, by using valuation metrics, a model is created to find the value of the project and to generate sensitivity analyses. It is concluded that leasing the ships is more profitable than buying them.
by Georgios V. Skarvelis.
S.M.

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Lourenço, Sergio Ricardo. "Gas natural : perspectivas e utilização." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263836.

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Orientador: Elias Basile Tambourgi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lourenco_SergioRicardo_M.pdf: 529149 bytes, checksum: 67dc073a5e26c94355fc7d55c998ee42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Mestrado

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Ho, Arthur Yau Wing. "Liquefied Natural Gas Vaporization Terminal." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146034.

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The goal of the enclosed project was to design a liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminal that can deliver 1050 MM SCF per day of natural gas to various consumers. [1.] Liquefied natural gas is first imported from third world nations such as Algeria at S4.50 per MM Btu [20.], stored and vaporized at the facility, and then sent out through pipelines at a pressure of 1250 psi. This was accomplished through the use of a holding and or unloading unit and a vaporization unit. The same equipment three storage tanks, two suction drums, one compressor, one packed bed condenser, and 16,500 ft of pipes -- are used for both the holding and unloading scenarios. One of the major issues of this terminal is the constant heat leak due to the LNG coming in and stored at a cryogenic temperature of -256 F. All of the pipes have 6 inches of insulation to reduce the heat leak. A portion of the LNG in the storage tanks is boiled off in order to keep the rest of the LNG cold. The packed bed condenser is used to recover LNG from the boil-off gas. Afterwards, the LNG is then sent to the vaporization unit to be vaporized by warm Dynalene HC The Dynalene HC is reheated through an air heat exchanger and an ethylene glycol loop. 10% of the imported LNG will be used for this vaporization unit. The only difference between the holding and unloading scenarios is that during unloading, part of the LNG vaporized due to heat leaks will be cooled via the desuperheater and packed bed condenser and sent back to the ship at -252 F. In the holding scenario, more LNG will have to be circulated to keep the temperature at around -256 F. The vaporized LNG is then sold for S6.50 per MM Btu [20.]. Overall, the project is very profitable. Although the total capital investment is S301 Million, the payback period is 6 years. The NPV is $1,900 million, calculated with an IRR of 26.95%.

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Grover, Tarun. "Natural gas hydrates - issues for gas production and geomechanical stability." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86049.

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Natural gas hydrates are solid crystalline substances found in the subsurface. Since gas hydrates are stable at low temperatures and moderate pressures, gas hydrates are found either near the surface in arctic regions or in deep water marine environments where the ambient seafloor temperature is less than 10°C. This work addresses the important issue of geomechanical stability in hydrate bearing sediments during different perturbations. I analyzed extensive data collected from the literature on the types of sediments where hydrates have been found during various offshore expeditions. To better understand the hydrate bearing sediments in offshore environments, I divided these data into different sections. The data included water depths, pore water salinity, gas compositions, geothermal gradients, and sedimentary properties such as sediment type, sediment mineralogy, and sediment physical properties. I used the database to determine the types of sediments that should be evaluated in laboratory tests at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The TOUGH+Hydrate reservoir simulator was used to simulate the gas production behavior from hydrate bearing sediments. To address some important gas production issues from gas hydrates, I first simulated the production performance from the Messsoyakha Gas Field in Siberia. The field has been described as a free gas reservoir overlain by a gas hydrate layer and underlain by an aquifer of unknown strength. From a parametric study conducted to delineate important parameters that affect gas production at the Messoyakha, I found effective gas permeability in the hydrate layer, the location of perforations and the gas hydrate saturation to be important parameters for gas production at the Messoyakha. Second, I simulated the gas production using a hydraulic fracture in hydrate bearing sediments. The simulation results showed that the hydraulic fracture gets plugged by the formation of secondary hydrates during gas production. I used the coupled fluid flow and geomechanical model "TOUGH+Hydrate- FLAC3D" to model geomechanical performance during gas production from hydrates in an offshore hydrate deposit. I modeled geomechanical failures associated with gas production using a horizontal well and a vertical well for two different types of sediments, sand and clay. The simulation results showed that the sediment and failures can be a serious issue during the gas production from weaker sediments such as clays.

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Eriksson, Sara. "Development of catalysts for natural gas-fired gas turbine combustors." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Chemical and Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4239.

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Nandakumar, Neha. "Computational models of natural gas markets for gas-fired generators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108213.

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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-72).
Climate change is a major factor reforming the world's energy landscape today, and as electricity consumes 40% of total energy, huge efforts are being undertaken to reduce the carbon footprint within the electricity sector. The electric sector has been taking steps to reform the grid, retiring carbon-intensive coal plants, increasing renewable penetration, and introducing cyber elements end-to-end for monitoring, estimating, and controlling devices, systems, and markets. Due to retirements of coal plants, discovery of shale gas leading to low natural gas prices, and geopolitical motives to reduce dependence on foreign oil, natural gas is becoming a major fuel source for electricity around the United States. In addition, with increasingly intermittent renewable sources in the grid, there is a need for a readily available, clean, and flexible back-up fuel; natural gas is sought after in New England to serve this purpose as a reliable and guaranteed fuel in times when wind turbines and solar panels cannot produce. While research has been conducted advocating natural gas pipeline expansion projects to ensure this reliability, not enough attention has been paid to the overall market structure in the natural gas and electricity infrastructures which can also impact reliable delivery of gas and therefore efficient interdependency between the two infrastructures. This thesis explores the market structures in natural gas and electricity, the interdependence of natural gas and electricity prices with increasing reliance on natural gas as the penetration of renewable energy resources (RER) increases in order to complement their intermittencies, possible volatilities in these prices with varying penetration rates in RER, and alternatives to existing market structures that improve reliability and reduce volatility in electricity and gas prices. In particular, the thesis will attempt to answer the following two questions: What will the generation mix look like in 2030 and how will this impact gas and electricity prices? How do Gas-Fired Generator (GFG) bids for gas change between 2015 and 2030? In order to answer these questions, a computational model is determined using regression analysis tools and an auction model. Data from the New England region in terms of prices, generation, and demand is used to determine these models.
by Neha Nandakumar.
S.M. in Technology and Policy

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Huamanyauri, Arroyo Sandro Nichiren, and Alonso Franklin Delfin Marcelo. "Calidad y medición del gas natural." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2007. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2007/huamanyauri_as/html/index-frames.html.

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Nuriyev, G. "Economics of segmented natural gas market." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546401.

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Shafawi, Azman Bin. "Mercury species in natural gas condensate." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/705.

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The presence of ultra-trace levels of mercury in industrial gas and condensate streams is a cause of both environmental and production concern. The toxic nature of the element, in all forms, together with its ability to shut-down large processing plants dictates a need for its accurate and precise measurement. The study which investigated the recovery of various mercury species, spiked into synthetic and real condensate samples using conventional and new digestion and/or extraction techniques showed recovery was dependent upon the speciation. Using the most efficient technique, L-cysteine with persulphate, recoveries of over 90 % were obtained for diphenyl mercury, ethyl and phenyl mercury chlorides and mercury chloride. The recovery of 15% for the important dimethyl mercury species limits the use of this technique. A novel technique has been developed for the determination of total mercury in complex liquid hydrocarbons. Samples (up to 1.0 ml) were vaporised (400°C) and swept through a gold-coated silica trap maintained at 200°C, which retained all mercury species and discarded the matrix. The trap when heated to 900°C released the mercury for measurement by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The recoveries for eight mercury species spiked (10 to 50 ng ml -1) into toluene and condensate were generally over 90 %. The instrumental limit of detection (LOD) was 11 pg. The total mercury content of gas condensates, gasolines and heavy oils were determined. Gas chromatography coupled, via a pyrolysis interface, with AF detection was able to determine mercury species in gas condensate, at picogram levels (LOD: 2.5 to 7 pg) using a direct sample injection procedure. For a given column system the positive identification and quantification of up to eight mercury species was obtained. A maximum injector temperature of 125 °C was recommended, to avoid the conversion of species. Mass balance calculations show a strong correlation between the total mercury content and the sum of the lower diallcyl mercury species, for all condensate samples studied. Three commercially available mercury removal systems, A, B and C produced a reduction in the mercury content of hydrocarbon streams under pilot plant conditions. The two stage system, 'A', produced a minimum of 30 % conversion from organomercury to elemental mercury after the hydrogenation reaction in stage 1. While elemental mercury was adsorbed by the stage 2 reactor, the organomercury species were not removed. The single stage adsorber 'B' showed 100 % removal efficiency for three dialkyl mercury species in liquid hydrocarbon streams. The removal efficiency for adsorber 'C' was species dependent. Two common condensate species gave values of 50 to 80 % removal efficiency while the third species showed time-dependent bleed-off.

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Judge, Andrew. "Securitisation and European natural gas policy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18959.

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European energy policy is generally regarded as one of the most longstanding failures of the process of integration. However in recent years there has been an intensification of efforts to establish an internal market for gas and work towards a common energy policy. In parallel to these developments, concerns about energy security have reappeared on the political agenda after a long absence, partly due to rising oil prices, energy dependence and the recent disruptions of gas supplies from Russia. This expansion of EU energy policy activity in parallel to increased energy security concerns suggests a possible linkage between the two. The aim of this thesis is to examine this relationship through the perspective of securitisation theory, utilising but also extending the framework of the Copenhagen School. More specifically, it aims to analyse the process through which natural gas supplies in the European Union were securitised and explore its impact on the pace of European integration. Discourse analysis and process tracing, enriched with a set of elite-interviews are used to answer these questions. Two case-studies of energy security, concerning the internal market and the security of supply standards are explored in a comparative manner. The analysis demonstrates that while high levels of securitisation have had a negative impact on negotiations for the former, they have had a positive impact and have accelerated the europeanisation of the later.

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Arinc, Ibrahim Said. "The natural gas geopolitics of Turkey." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10837/.

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This thesis investigates the natural gas geopolitics of Turkey and explores its interaction with the Turkish foreign policy making of the Justice and Development Party (JDP). Whilst Turkey does not have enough indigenous natural gas reserves to meet the existing and growing demand, the country does have great advantages, as it is located between the major supplier countries in the Middle East and Eurasia and is placed at the crossroads of an energy hungry European natural gas market. Therefore, the major aim of this research is to explore capacity building in the creation of relationships of interdependence between Turkey and supplier and demanding countries. Rather than introducing a dependency energy mechanism, this thesis offers the interaction capacity of the country with natural gas suppliers and consuming countries. In order to explain the relationship between politics and energy variables, the thesis establishes the theoretical framework of the study through the use of a pluralistic and integrated model, by combining International Relations Theories, the foreign policy making process of Turkey and a conceptualisation of the relations of energy interdependence. The descriptive analysis of Eurasia and the energy profile of Turkey provide detailed information about the existing energy trade and dependency relations in the Eurasian space. Hence, it explains the importance of Turkey in Europe’s diversification of energy corridors and Turkey’s natural gas market, which is considered to be the second biggest market in Europe. The significance and role of Turkey in the construction of pipeline projects (ITGI, TANAP, Nabucco, Nabucco-West and TAP) that go through Turkey to Europe, a route which is called the Southern Corridor, are analysed in the thesis. On the other hand, this thesis offers certain perspectives for the Caspian-Turkey-Europe natural gas corridor, focusing on Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan’s role in the natural gas trade for the energy security of Europe. Moreover, the natural gas potential of Iran, Iraq (including KRG), Qatar, Egypt and Israel, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan are viewed as major natural gas sources for Turkey and Europe in this thesis. Turkey has historical and economic ties with the Caspian Sea and Middle East regions, which hold immense natural gas reserves that can be marketed to Turkey and to the European Union (EU). Mapping Turkey’s energy relations with consuming and producing countries, and defining Turkey’s geopolitical space, will not only help to develop its energy policy to secure its own energy consumption but also to manage interdependence relations between Eurasia and Europe. This is a new conceptualisation of energy supply and transit management of Turkey in the context of a new model called the Anatolian Gas Centre (AGS).

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Suárez, Fernández Henry Gabriel. "Calentador de agua con gas natural." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14140.

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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Expone al calentador de agua como un dispositivo termodinámico que utiliza como fuente de energía la combustión de un gas (gas natural), para elevar la temperatura del agua. Pretende diseñar un prototipo de Calentador de Agua con gas natural una capacidad de 100 litros, que se acondicione a los valores asumidos en los cálculos. La mayor transferencia de calor se debe a los gases de combustión
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

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Hillstrom, David Roger. "Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408967285.

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Karlgren, Johansson Mikael, and Kevin Leong. "Auxiliary Heater for Natural Gas Trucks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139687.

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As alternative fuels are becoming more common, technologies need to adjust to them. Natural gas is one of the alternative fuels that has grown during the latest years in the transport sector. Natural gas consists of around 97 % methane and is the cleanest fossil fuel. The use of natural gas can make it easier to transition to biogas as it has equivalent properties. Today Scania CV AB's trucks fuelled by natural gas are using auxiliary cabin heaters driven by diesel. This means that the natural gas trucks have two fuels on-board the truck. The goal of this project is to find a concept to eliminate the diesel fuel and replace it with an auxiliary cabin heater driven by another energy source. It will improve the heating solution and make it superior from an environmental perspective. The result of the project lead to a short-term solution with an auxiliary heater fuelled by natural gas. A long-term solution is to have a cooperation with a manufacturer to develop a better natural gas auxiliary heater that fulfils more of the requirements in the technical specification. An experiment plan is devised to test parameters out of reach of the project.

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Nelson, Andrew Wyatt. "Naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with unconventional drilling for natural gas." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5579.

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As unconventional drilling has emerged as a major industry in the US and around the world, many environmental health and pollution risks have surfaced. One emerging concern is the risk of environmental contamination arising from unconventional wastes that are enriched in naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM). Although NORM has been a well-documented contaminant of oil and gas wastes for decades, there are new challenges associated with unconventional drilling. This thesis discusses several of these challenges, focusing on NORM from black shale formations. Chapter 1 provides background information on environmental radioactivity and unconventional drilling. Chapter 2 describes the potential for NORM to migrate into groundwater around unconventional drilling operations. Chapters 3 and 4 describe radiochemical methods developed for the analysis of Marcellus Shale unconventional drilling wastes. Chapter 5 describes environmental partitioning of Marcellus Shale unconventional drilling wastes. Collectively, this thesis attempts to broaden the scientific understanding of NORM in unconventional drilling wastes so that potential environmental impacts may be mitigated.

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Nealon, Jeffrey W. "Dynamics of methane migration in marine hydrate systems examples from the Guaymas Transform, Blake Ridge, and Storegga landslide /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188873751&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wittig, Hagen. "Derivatives in the Gas Industry Valuation of Natural Gas Storage Facilities /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02607729002/$FILE/02607729002.pdf.

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Thompson, Andrew C. "A theory of natural gas contracting, and a contingent claim method of evaluating natural gas purchase volume options /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8822.

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Dogan, Erkan. "Turkey's Iran card : energy cooperation in American and Russian vortex /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FDogan.pdf.

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Sorichetti, Riccardo. "Natech QRA in natural gas processing plants." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Natural calamities as floods, earthquakes or lightning strikes might lead to major accidents in chemical, petrochemical and process facilities. Such natural-technological events are termed as Natech events and occurred several times in the past. In the present study, a methodology for the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of Natech scenarios triggered by floods, earthquakes and lightning based on the extension of the scheme used for conventional risk assessment is presented. However, specific steps and specific models and tools were required to extend the conventional QRA procedure to Natech risk assessment, as the characterization of the natural hazard, the use of vulnerability models to evaluate the equipment damage probability and the risk recomposition of credible combinations of simultaneous events. The QRA procedure was then applied to a typical natural gas processing plant located in Italy. After the application of the QRA procedure, the risk indexes were calculated for the case study, enabling a detailed insight of risk due to Natech events. In particular, the simultaneous failure of multiple items led to high severity Natech scenarios. This effect is clear analyzing the F-N curves obtained for the case of earthquake and flood induced Natech accidents, that showed some additional steps at high N values due to the presence of “combined scenarios” associated to the simultaneous failure of multiple units. However, some assumptions and simplifications were required, in particular for the extensions of vulnerability models in case of seismic events and for the application of the risk recombination tool used to evaluate the risk associated to combination of events evidencing that there are still some gaps that need to be filled in order to allow a more robust application of QRA to Natech scenarios, requiring future research efforts.

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Petrov, Miroslav. "Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid Combined Cycles." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energy Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1660.

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Biomass is one of the main natural resources in Sweden.Increased utilisation of biomass for energy purposes incombined heat and power (CHP) plants can help the country meetits nuclear phase-out commitment. The present low-CO2 emissioncharacteristics of the Swedish electricity production system(governed by hydropower and nuclear power) can be retained onlyby expansion of biofuels in the CHP sector. Domestic Swedishbiomass resources are vast and renewable, but not infinite.They should be utilised as efficiently as possible in order tomeet the conditions for sustainability in the future.Application of efficient power generation cycles at low cost isessential for meeting this challenge. This applies also tomunicipal solid waste (MSW) incineration with energyextraction, which is to be preferred to landfilling.

Modern gas turbines and internal combustion engines firedwith natural gas have comparatively low installation costs,good efficiency characteristics and show reliable performancein power applications. Environmental and source-of-supplyfactors place natural gas at a disadvantage as compared tobiofuels. However, from a rational perspective, the use ofnatural gas (being the least polluting fossil fuel) togetherwith biofuels contributes to a diverse and more secure resourcemix. The question then arises if both these fuels can beutilised more efficiently if they are employed at the samelocation, in one combined cycle unit.

The work presented herein concentrates on the hybriddual-fuel combined cycle concept in cold-condensing and CHPmode, with a biofuel-fired bottoming steam cycle and naturalgas fired topping gas turbine or engine. Higher electricalefficiency attributable to both fuels is sought, while keepingthe impact on environment at a low level and incorporating onlyproven technology with standard components. The study attemptsto perform a generalized and systematic evaluation of thethermodynamic advantages of various hybrid configurations withthe help of computer simulations, comparing the efficiencyresults to clearly defined reference values.

Results show that the electrical efficiency of hybridconfigurations rises with up to 3-5 %-points in cold-condensingmode (up to 3 %-points in CHP mode), compared to the sum of twosingle-fuel reference units at the relevant scales, dependingon type of arrangement and type of bottoming fuel. Electricalefficiency of utilisation of the bottoming fuel (biomass orMSW) within the overall hybrid configuration can increase withup to 8-10 %-points, if all benefits from the thermalintegration are assigned to the bottoming cycle and effects ofscale on the reference electrical efficiency are accounted for.All fully-fired (windbox) configurations show advantages of upto 4 %-points in total efficiency in CHP mode with districtheating output, when flue gas condensation is applied. Theadvantages of parallel-powered configurations in terms of totalefficiency in CHP mode are only marginal. Emissions offossil-based CO2 can be reduced with 20 to 40 kg CO2/MWhel incold-condensing mode and with 5-8 kg CO2 per MWh total outputin CHP mode at the optimum performance points.

Keywords: Biomass, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Natural Gas,Simulation, Hybrid, Combined Cycle, Gas Turbine, InternalCombustion Engine, Utilization, Electrical Efficiency, TotalEfficiency, CHP.

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Midthun, Kjetil Trovik. "Optimization models for liberalized natural gas markets." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1943.

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This thesis presents different optimization models for the natural gas value chain. It focuses on the new challenges faced by the participants in the value chain for Norwegian gas after the liberalization of the European gas markets. Most of the models have a producer perspective and are designed to help analyze the value chain for natural gas and give decision support for the gas producers. The modelling framework in this thesis consists of linear programming, mixed integer programming, quadratic programming, stochastic programming and mixed complementarity problems. The thesis consists of this introductionary summary and four papers. Some of the work in this thesis has been sponsored by the VENOGA and the RAMONA project. VENOGA is a project involving Statoil, the Research Council of Norway, NTNU and SINTEF. The goal of the project is to build decision support models and competence for efficient operation and coordination in value chains where Norwegian gas is central. The RAMONA project involves the University in Stavanger, the University in Bergen, NTNU, SINTEF, Statoil, Gassco and CognIT. The intention with the project is to develop methods to optimize regularity and security of supply for the Norwegian gas production- and transportation system.

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Johansen, Gaute Rannem. "Optimization of offshore natural gas field development." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16757.

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In this thesis the target is to find the optimal development solution of an offshore natural gas field. Natural gas is increasing in importance as an energy source. Whilst most of the large oil fields have been developed, there are still several major natural gas deposits that may be developed. In addition, there are also smaller offshore natural gas fields that may be put into production. Finding an optimal development solution for these resources will increase the availability of natural gas.The objective of the mathematical model presented in this thesis is to maximize the total net present value of an offshore natural gas field development. The model does this by finding the optimal combination of investment decisions of the necessary natural gas field infrastructure. Infrastructure included in the model includes the number of wells to be drilled, flowlines, production facilities, energy infrastructure on site and transport infrastructure to the customers. The model also decides whether gas sales agreements should be made with selected customers and the natural gas production in all time periods.This offshore natural gas field development problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem. Piecewise linearization is used to increase the accuracy of the reservoir model and to find the energy demand for a given natural gas flow rate and pressure difference. The linearization makes the model easier to solve than if it was formulated as a non-linear program.Branch and bound was chosen as the solution method for the implementation of the model. The model has been implemented in the Mosel programming language, using Xpress-MP as the solver.Results from testing of the model on three different test cases indicate promising potential for the utilisation of the model. Optimal solutions were found in less than six minutes for all of the test cases, and close to optimal solutions were found quickly in the global search.

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Estela-Uribe, Jorge Francisco. "Equation of state for natural gas systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11230.

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Dott, Dawn Robin. "Optimal network design for natural gas pipelines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0024/MQ31387.pdf.

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Brombacher, Eric J. "Flow visualisation of natural gas fuel injection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0010/MQ33968.pdf.

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Dhal, Suvendu Kumar. "Natural gas options for Nova Scotia utilities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63501.pdf.

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Project, International Natural Gas Trade. "Western Europe natural gas trade : final report." MIT Energy Lab, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27250.

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Smith, Vicky S. "Solid-fluid equilibria in natural gas systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10095.

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Igboanusi, Udennaka Paul. "Properties and Production of Natural Gas Hydrates." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519605.

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RIBEIRO, SYLVIA TELLES. "OPTIMAL PRICING OF NATURAL GAS FLEXIBLE CONTRACTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15892@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O segmento industrial desempenha um importante papel no desenvolvimento do setor de gás Brasileiro. Em função dos baixos preços e dos incentivos dados pelo governo para a conversão dos processos industriais (muitos deles dependentes do óleo combustível) para o gás natural, criou-se uma fonte de demanda firme deste combustível. Como as termelétricas operam em regime de complementariedade ao sistema hidrelétrico (sendo coordenadas pelo Operador Nacional do Sistema (ONS) elétrico e chamadas a gerar apenas em situações hidrológicas desfavoráveis), o oconsumo de gás termelétrico ocorre de forma esporádica. Uma forma de se aumentar a eficiência do uso do gás, mesclando duas classes de consumidores se dá através dos contratos interruptíveis, que proporcionam ao produtor a capacidade de atender consumidores industriais bicombustível (gás e óleo por exemplo) com o gás ocioso das termelétricas. Como a atratividade deste contrato depende do desconto dado com relação ao preço do contrato firme, que não é interrompido, o objetivo deste trabalho é a construção de um modelo analítico para a determinação do preço ótimo dos contratos de fornecimento de gás interruptíveis, por parte de um produtor monopolista. O consumo de gás das termelétricas será considerado como principal fonte de incerteza do modelo, que por sua vez será caracterizada através de cenários de operação ótima do sistema elétrico, simulados conforme a metodologia utilizada pelo ONS. O perfil de risco do produtor será caracterizado pelo Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR).
Brazilian natural gas industry growth has been led by electricity supply. As hydro plants generate at lower costs, thermal units only produce when hydro electricity is insufficient. This makes natural gas consumption highly volatile: Either all thermal units generate together or don’t. When all units generate together, the gas trader has to buy LNG - Liquified Natural Gas at the spot market incurring price risk. This risk can be mitigated in case the gas trader is able to sell flexible contracts to the industrial sector that can be interrupted in case of thermal generation. Thus the gas volume sold under flexible contracts is used either by thermal generation or by the industrial sector, virtually reducing total demand and avoiding emergency LNG purchases. The determination of the optimal price for these contracts is the aim of this dissertation. The determination model proposed will try to maximize a convex combination of CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk NPV - Net Present Value and trader´s profit NPV.

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MARTINS, JULIO PEREIRA. "OVERVIEW OF NATURAL GAS AND ITS LOGISTICS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29507@1.

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A Indústria de Gás Natural apresenta as características de uma indústria de rede. Assim, no caso de ocorrer uma falha em qualquer dos seus agentes ou modais logísticos, há impacto sobre toda a cadeia, com a possibilidade de torná-la inoperante. Esta indústria nasceu e cresceu de forma localizada, gerando mercados consumidores regionais. As regiões consumidoras de gás natural apresentam peculiaridades marcantes e diferentes em vários fatores, como: infraestruturas, volumes consumidos, produções, reservas provadas, formulações do preço e modais utilizados na exportação e importação. Com base nestas características pode-se inferir sobre a maturidade da Indústria de gás natural de cada região, bem como identificar desafios e oportunidade no atendimento do mercado consumidor. Esta dissertação analisa os fatores que determinam a regionalização do gás natural, as características regionais, os principais mercados mundiais e a estrutura da indústria no mercado brasileiro. Descreve as principais tecnologias atuais utilizadas no crescimento neste mercado gasífero, focando a revolução do Shale Gas no mercado norte-americano e a técnica do gasoduto virtual. Para esse fim, utilizou-se revisão narrativa da literatura internacional e nacional sobre a indústria e o mercado do gás natural, com ênfase em logística.
The Natural Gas Industry has the characteristics of a network industry characteristic. Therefore, in the event of failure in any of the logistics agents or modals, there is impact over the entire chain, with the possibility of making it inoperative. This industry was born and raised in a localized way, generating regional consumers markets. Natural gas consuming regions have significant and different peculiarities in many factors, such as: infrastructures, consumed volumes, production, proven reserves, price formulations and modals used in exportation and importation. Based on these features, the maturity of Natural Gas Industry of each region can be inferred, as well as identifying challenges and opportunities in the consumer market service. This paper analyzes the factors which define the natural gas regionalization, regional characteristics, key global markets and industry structure in the Brazilian market. It outlines the main current technologies used in the growth of the gas Market, focused on the Shale Gas revolution in the North American market and in the virtual gas pipeline techniques. To this purpose, we used a narrative review of national and international literature on the natural gas industry and market with emphasis on logistics.

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Leung, Tommy (Tommy Chun Ting). "Coupled natural gas and electric power systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98547.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 235-240).
Scarce pipeline capacity in regions that rely on natural gas technologies for electricity generation has created volatile prices and reliability concerns. Gas-fired generation firms uniquely operate as large consumers in the gas market and large producers in the electricity market. To explore the effects of this coupling, this dissertation investigates decisions for firms that own gas-fired power plants by proposing a mixed-integer linear programming model that explicitly represents multi-year pipeline capacity commit- ments and service agreements, annual forward capacity offers, annual maintenance schedules, and daily fuel purchases and electricity generation. This dissertation's primary contributions consist of a detailed representation of a gas-fired power-plant owner's planning problem; a hierarchical application of a state-based dimensionality reduction technique to solve the hourly unit commitment problem over different tem- poral scales; a technique to evaluate a firm's forward capacity market offer, including a probabilistic approach to evaluate the risk of forced outages; a case study of New England's gas-electricity system; and an exploration of the applicability of forward capacity markets to reliability problems for other basic goods.
by Tommy Leung.
Ph. D.

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Chao, Adam Christopher. "Anomaly detection for natural gas regulator stations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104404.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-63).
Natural gas regulator stations control the flow of gas across PG&Es gas transmission and distribution system. Ensuring the proper functioning of these-stations is critical for the safety of the natural gas system. Currently, PG&E uses sensors linked to a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to monitor pressure and other characteristics of select regulator stations, with continuing installation of new sensor systems across the network. PG&E seeks to develop algorithms for detection and prediction of safety issues before they occur, as well as monitor performance degradation in a regulator station. First, analysis of historical failure events was conducted to better understand the varying causes of regulator overpressure events and their corresponding downstream pressure patterns. Then, downstream pressure time-series data was collected and processed for each regulator station. Useful features from these time-series were extracted, including day-today changes and moving averages. Piecewise linear segmentation was also performed on the time-series to extract relevant features. These features were then used to cluster stations by their operating characteristics, grouping stations with similar volatility and pressure patterns. Anomaly detection methods were then developed and calibrated for the station clusters. We use a variety of statistical process control techniques, including CUSUM and EWMA to detect changes in the behavior of a regulator downstream pressure time-series. Detection algorithms were then evaluated with and without clustering using ROC curves on simulated pressure anomalies. Ultimately, we show that modified CUSUM and adaptive sliding window techniques can detect pressure anomalies in natural gas regulators with reasonable false positive rates. We also show how improvements to data handling and sharing at PG&E can facilitate better algorithms for regulator anomaly detection.
by Adam Christopher Chao.
M.B.A.
S.M. in Engineering Systems

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Greitzer, Maria [Verfasser]. "Energy Forecasting. Focus: Natural gas / Maria Greitzer." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der HafenCity Universität Hamburg (HCU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232725935/34.

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Löhndorf, Nils, and David Wozabal. "Indifference pricing of natural gas storage contracts." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5421/1/5863.pdf.

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Natural gas markets are incomplete due to physical limitations and low liquidity, but most valuation approaches for natural gas storage contracts assume a complete market. We propose an alternative approach based on indifference pricing which does not require this assumption but entails the solution of a high- dimensional stochastic-dynamic optimization problem under a risk measure. To solve this problem, we develop a method combining stochastic dual dynamic programming with a novel quantization method that approximates the continuous process of natural gas prices by a discrete scenario lattice. In a computational experiment, we demonstrate that our solution method can handle the high dimensionality of the optimization problem and that solutions are near-optimal. We then compare our approach with rolling intrinsic valuation, which is widely used in the industry, and show that the rolling intrinsic value is sub-optimal under market incompleteness, unless the decision-maker is perfectly risk-averse. We strengthen this result by conducting a backtest using historical data that compares both trading strategies. The results show that up to 40% more profit can be made by using our indifference pricing approach.

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Henriques, Rita Salema Garção Castro. "Gas Natural Fenosa: LNG in the spotlight." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11707.

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Dalbec, Nathan Richard. "A Historical Analysis of Natural Gas Demand." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27361.

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This thesis analyzes demand in the US energy market for natural gas, oil, and coal over the period of 1918-2013 and examines their price relationship over the period of 2007-2013. Diagnostic tests for time series were used; Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Kwiatkowski?Phillips?Schmidt?Shin, Johansen cointegration, Granger Causality and weak exogeneity tests. Directed acyclic graphs were used as a complimentary test for endogeneity. Due to the varied results in determining endogeneity, a seemingly unrelated regression model was used which assumes all right hand side variables in the three demand equations were exogenous. A number of factors were significant in determining demand for natural gas including its own price, lagged demand, a number of structural break dummies, and trend, while oil indicate some substitutability with natural gas. An error correction model was used to examine the price relationships. Natural gas price was found not to have a significant cointegrating vector.

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Ojha, Abhi. "Coupled Natural Gas and Electric Power Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78666.

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Decreasing gas prices and the pressing need for fast-responding electric power generators are currently transforming natural gas networks. The intermittent operation of gas-fired plants to balance wind generation introduces spatiotemporal fluctuations of increasing gas demand. At the heart of modeling, monitoring, and control of gas networks is a set of nonlinear equations relating nodal gas injections and pressures to flows over pipelines. Given gas demands at all points of the network, the gas flow task aims at finding the rest of the physical quantities. For a tree network, the problem enjoys a closed-form solution; yet solving the equations for practical meshed networks is non-trivial. This problem is posed here as a feasibility problem involving quadratic equalities and inequalities, and is further relaxed to a convex semidefinite program (SDP) minimization. Drawing parallels to the power flow problem, the relaxation is shown to be exact if the cost function is judiciously designed using a representative set of network states. Numerical tests on a Belgian gas network corroborate the superiority of the novel method in recovering the actual gas network state over a Newton-Raphson solver. This thesis also considers the coupled infrastructures of natural gas and electric power systems. The gas and electric networks are coupled through gas-fired generators, which serve as shoulder and peaking plants for the electric power system. The optimal dispatch of coupled natural gas and electric power systems is posed as a relaxed convex minimization problem, which is solved using the feasible point pursuit (FPP) algorithm. For a decentralized solution, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used in collaboration with the FPP. Numerical experiments conducted on a Belgian gas network connected to the IEEE 14 bus benchmark system corroborate significant enhancements on computational efficiency compared with the centralized FPP-based approach.
Master of Science

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural gas'

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