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Academic literature on the topic 'Natural gas Prices Government policy Victoria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural gas Prices Government policy Victoria"

1

Cutler, J., and P. Farrar. "EASTERN GAS PIPELINE PROJECT: BREAKING NEW GROUND IN COORDINATED APPROVALS." APPEA Journal 36, no. 2 (1996): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95071.

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The opening of 'free and fair trade' in natural gas from 1 July 1996 provides the opportunity to service Sydney and regional NSW energy markets with competitively priced Bass Strait gas.The Eastern Gas Pipeline Project (EGPP), proposed by BHP Petroleum Pty Ltd and a Canadian company, Westcoast Energy Inc, will link Victorian reserves to NSW transmission and distribution systems.The proponents have taken on a major coordination exercise to ensure that project planning, market development, communications, environmental assessment and regulatory approvals are integrated and managed against a demanding project schedule.Exposure to three regulatory jurisdictions has complicated this task.The project requires many approvals including approval under the Commonwealth government's foreign investment policy, pipeline permits and licences under Victorian and NSW Pipelines Acts and requires environmental impact assessment under Commonwealth, Victorian and NSW legislation.Early in the project's life the proponents recognised the need for a strongly coordinated approvals process and have since worked with government assessment and facilitation agencies to achieve a coordinated process. This ground-breaking project is now the subject of one Environmental Impact Assessment process, one process for public review and one coordinated decision-making process to meet the requirements of all three jurisdictions.This paper explores the challenges of coordination and suggests ways of improving future joint assessment and approval processes.
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Kavonic, Saul. "A generational west coast gas shakeup looms." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20081.

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From record high prices, a decade ago, to record low prices more recently, Australia’s west coast gas market is heading towards a structural shakeup that will challenge the status quo for producers, buyers and policymakers. The Western Australian (WA) gas market has been soft recently but is poorly understood, and prices may materially tighten this decade in wake of uncertain new supply timing, liquefied natural gas (LNG) producer recalcitrance towards domestic market, lack of new discoveries (outside Perth Basin), upward pressure on US gas pricing and government policy flexibility towards the emergence of LNG ullage. We believe a bifurcated WA gas market could emerge, whereby policy targets cheap gas to underpin new manufacturing, while existing gas buyers are left to compete against much higher LNG netback parity pricing.
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Bomasang, Rufino B. "THE EMERGING PHILIPPINE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT." APPEA Journal 36, no. 1 (1996): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95042.

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The main Philippine energy policy objectives are availability of energy supply; competitive, affordable, and reasonable energy prices; and environmentally compatible energy infrastructure. A key strategy in the pursuit of these objectives is expanded natural gas utilisation.Development of the Camago-Malampaya gas field in offshore northwest Palawan is the vital anchor of the emerging Philippine gas industry. It has proven reserves of 3–4 trillion cubic feet, enough to supply a 3,000 megawatt power plant, but located in very deep water (over 800 m) and far away from the market (requiring 500 km of pipeline). Nevertheless, the developers (Shell and Occidental Petroleum) are prepared to develop the field and build a 24-inch offshore pipeline to transport the gas to power plants in Luzon which independent power producers are likewise prepared to put up, all to be completed by 2001–2002. Total capital requirements from upstream to downstream are estimated at US$4–5 billion.While the initial gas market will be limited to power generation, the government intends to expand the use of gas to the industrial, commercial/residential, and transport sectors. To assure reliable gas supply to the entire gas industry, the government is actively promoting gas exploration and supports LNG importation to supplement indigenous gas.With the government's policy of maximising private sector participation, the gas industry offers tremendous foreign investment opportunities includingindigenous gas exploration/development;pipeline construction;LNG supply and construction/operation of LNG infrastructure;independent power production; anddevelopment of new gas markets.
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Mohd Abdul Kadir, Juliana, Mohamed Aslam Gulam Hassan, and Zarinah Yusof. "Sectoral Responses, Macroeconomic Impact and Household Welfare: GST Policy for Malaysia Economy." Jurnal Intelek 15, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ji.v15i1.264.

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Goods and services tax (GST) has been a controversial topic in Malaysia when it was first implemented. This study examines the impact of the GST on the Malaysian economy from three major perspectives. First, it investigates the consequent changes in sectoral responses, including output and prices for 15 main sectors. Second, the study presents the results of GST impact on seven macroeconomic variables, namely, consumption, investment, government revenue, government expenditure, export, import, and gross domestic product. Third, the results of household welfare are discussed. A computable general equilibrium model is utilized to simulate GST impact on the Malaysian economy, and a simple comparative static model is performed. The results prove that the higher the GST rate, the higher is the impact on each sector. The sectors most affected by GST are communication and ICT, and the electricity and gas sectors. By contrast, agriculture, forestry and logging, and the petroleum and natural gas sectors are the least affected. Consumption and investment receive the largest negative effect, whereas government revenue and expenditure show the largest positive effect. The study likewise finds that by lowering GST rate, the welfare loss was minimized and the higher-income groups were affected more than the lower-income groups.
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Piskun, Elena I., Valeriy Y. Chaikin, and Nikita A. Nikitin. "Ordoliberal theory and gas market in Germany within the framework of international energy cooperation." E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101019.

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German economic policy is a special model of a coordinated market economy, which is based on the tradition of ordoliberalism. This theoretical concept is at the core of the regulation of most economic processes in Germany, and its energy markets are no exception. The article analyses the present state of German gas industry, its transformation in connection with the introduction of the Third Energy Package, the liberalization and development of gas projects. The authors compare the main results of the reforms and the stipulations of the ordoliberal theory. The conclusion is that the German government generally upholds this concept, although sometimes the consequences are of negative nature, manifested in rising prices, added complexity of international natural gas trade, especially with the largest supplier – the Russian Federation. Using the Bertrand competition model, the article justifies the conditions under which the export of liquefied natural gas is beneficial for the Russian Federation.
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6

Saghi, Faramarz, and Mustafa Jahangoshai Rezaee. "An ensemble approach based on transformation functions for natural gas price forecasting considering optimal time delays." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (April 7, 2021): e409. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.409.

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Natural gas, known as the cleanest fossil fuel, plays a vital role in the economies of producing and consuming countries. Understanding and tracking the drivers of natural gas prices are of significant interest to the many economic sectors. Hence, accurately forecasting the price is very important not only for providing an effective factor for implementing energy policy but also for playing an extremely significant role in government strategic planning. The purpose of this study is to provide an approach to forecast the natural gas price. First, optimal time delays are identified by a new approach based on the Euclidean Distance between input and target vectors. Then, wavelet decomposition has been implemented to reduce noise. Moreover, fuzzy transform with different membership functions has been used for modeling uncertainty in time series. The wavelet decomposition and fuzzy transform have been integrated into the preprocessing stage. An ensemble method is used for integrating the outputs of various neural networks. The results depict that the proposed preprocessing methods used in this paper cause to improve the accuracy of natural gas price forecasting and consider uncertainty in time series.
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Dominy, S. W. J., R. Gilsenan, D. W. McKenney, D. J. Allen, T. Hatton, A. Koven, J. Cary, D. Yemshanov, and D. Sidders. "A retrospective and lessons learned from Natural Resources Canada’s Forest 2020 afforestation initiative." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86339-3.

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Canada is seeking cost-effective means to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2, that have been linked to global climate change. In 2003 the Government of Canada launched the Forest 2020 Plantation Development and Assessment Initiative to assess the potential for fast-growing woody crops to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. Across the country 6000 ha of plantations were established and monitored on nonforested lands (afforestation) using a variety of methods. Economic analyses assessed the investment attractiveness of this mitigation measure for a range of species and suitable lands, taking into account such factors as growth rates, agricultural opportunity costs and a range of possible carbon values. Analyses illustrated that at current trading prices for carbon and for much of the available lands and expanding markets for forest bioproducts, expected rates of return on investment for afforestation were relatively low. However, higher future carbon prices, combined with monetary values for environmental benefits, could dramatically change the economics of afforestation in the future. Key words: afforestation, carbon sequestration, forest carbon offset project, climate change mitigation, policy analysis, risk analysis, forest investment analysis, hybrids, hybrid poplar, fast-growing trees
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8

Acquah-Andoh, Elijah, Augustine Ifelebuegu, and Stephen Theophilus. "Brexit and UK Energy Security: Perspectives from Unconventional Gas Investment and the Effects of Shale Gas on UK Energy Prices." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040600.

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Many aspects of the present and future effects on the UK economy, industry, and households, of Brexit have been researched. One thing which appears certain about Brexit is the shadow of uncertainty it casts on the future of business in the UK and its telling effects on the UK economy. It is believed that Brexit has negatively affected the level of investments in the UK, including investments in energy and crucially the upstream oil and gas, with the UK North Sea being starved of investments since 2014, leading already to increased energy bills. The UK is a net importer of natural gas—a major source of its energy, with some dependence on supplies from interconnectors from Europe. At the same time, UK energy companies participate in the common energy market which enables them to undertake arbitrage trading under the common market rules. However, both of these benefits could be lost under a Brexit scenario where the UK and EU come to a no-deal or hard border arrangement. Meanwhile, domestic production of energy in the UK has declined for nearly two decades now and import bills for natural gas are growing—they were £14.2 billion in 2017; £11.7 billion in 2016 and £13.4 billion in 2015—with Government projections indicating an upward trajectory for natural gas imports. It is however believed that the UK has great potential to exploit shale gas to her advantage in order to reduce her reliance on foreign energy which is: (1) less predictable in terms of supply and price affordability and (2) dependent on exchange rates—a primary means through which energy prices increased in 2016/17 post-Brexit referendum vote. The current study extends discussions on shale gas to cover a review of the potential of natural gas from shale formations to cushion UK households against further erratic gas prices due to Brexit and also assesses the potential effects Brexit may have had on the level of investments in shale gas, in order to suggest policy options for government consideration. Contrary to popular studies, we find evidence to suggest that shale gas has the potential to reduce energy prices for UK businesses and households at commercial extractions, under both hard and soft Brexit scenarios, but with more benefits under hard Brexit. Importantly, we find that from 2008 to 2017, average UK net export of natural gas was 5,191 GWh per year to the EU. We also find and argue that Brexit may have starved the nascent fracking industry of investments in a similar way it did to investments in conventional oil and gas and could have increased investor risk premium for shale gas development, the ultimate effect of which was a categorisation of fracking (company stock) as riskier asset for investors on the London Stock Exchange. We recommend that shale gas development be expedited to maximise its benefits to UK energy consumers post-Brexit or economic benefits from the resource could be diminished by rising operator costs due to delays and effects of the public’s perceived negative opinion of the method of extraction.
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9

Garribba, Sergio. "l'Italia hub euromediterraneo del gas naturale: politiche, infrastrutture, collaborazioni europee e internazionali." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 3 (December 2012): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2012-003001.

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Natural gas is to remain a fundamental energy commodity in Italy and in the European Union during the coming decades. With a view to an increasing market integration, Italy and countries from Central and Eastern Europe could be interested in building a single regional market, implying a convergence towards a regional gas trading hub as a first step, then leading to a full-fledged market hub where the Italy would be the center. As a result of such a Euromediterranean hub countries of the region would improve their security of supply, reduce natural gas prices, and facilitate investments in new infrastructures. Necessary prerequisites for the establishment of this Euromediterranean hub are a stable alliance between governments and companies of consuming countries, collaboration agreements with producing and transit countries, the independence of the grids and a shared system of rules for grid access and use. The ownership separation of Snam, the Italian gas grid operator, from Eni as proposed by the Italian Government may represent a unique opportunity towards these goals.
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10

Mohan, Sam Lee, and Andrew Taylor. "Collocated offshore wind-hydrogen." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S44—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21162.

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The hydrogen industry in Australia is in its infancy with most projects at this stage supported either by State Governments or through the funding arms of the Federal Government. The market is rapidly developing and interest in hydrogen has grown exponentially over the past few years. Governments in Australia and many countries around the world have set decarbonisation targets and it is expected that Hydrogen will play a major role in fulfilling these commitments. Largely driven by policy announcements and commitments, several hydrogen projects are currently in development in Australia and globally. Current forecast data indicates over 200 GW of electrolyser capacity are either planned for deployment or under construction. While industry moves forward with deployment-scale projects, incumbent fuels occupy a healthy competitive position. For example, in Western Australia natural gas prices are around $6/GJ and are set to remain stable into the foreseeable future, largely due to Western Australia’s domestic gas reservation policy. However, the impact of volatile oil prices on domestic natural gas remains to be seen. Although potential green hydrogen projects are mostly in early stages, increased opportunities for partnerships on the supply side or joint venture arrangements with energy producers and demand side off-takers, will accelerate these projects achieving feasibility. However, in achieving target hydrogen prices, the barriers remain significant. One such barrier, is the cost of renewable electricity and one such solution could be collocated offshore wind-hydrogen systems. By nature, offshore wind is an intermittent energy source. Hydrogen could be used as a means of storing renewable energy for electricity balancing, and as a dedicated source for large-scale hydrogen production. Hard-to-abate sectors remain a significant challenge as we transition to net-zero. Hydrogen may be used to de-carbonise hard-to-abate sectors as many stakeholders see offshore wind as the primary partner for hydrogen production. This paper discusses collocated wind-hydrogen systems as a potential pathway for offshore wind deployment and commercial hydrogen production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural gas Prices Government policy Victoria"

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Haycook, Margot. "Comparison of the price and volatility of current and alternative models for the acquisition of direct supply natural gas for the Department of Defense." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FHaycook.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Natural gas Prices Government policy Victoria"

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Manitoba. Manitoba Energy and Mines. Manitoba's natural gas policy: Energy security at a fair price. [Winnipeg: Manitoba Energy and Mines, 1987.

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Canada. Parliament. Senate. Standing Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Natural gas deregulation and marketing. Ottawa: Standing Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 1988.

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Cho, E. K. Natural gas markets and lessons learned. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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1924-, Hastings Earl A., ed. Natural gas deregulation and marketing: Twelfth report. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1988.

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Natural gas regulation: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, July 8, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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World Bank. Zhongguo tian ran qi jia ge xing cheng guan shu yun jia she ji. Beijing: Shi you gong ye chu ban she, 2004.

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Office, United States Government Accountability. Natural gas: Roles of federal and state regulators in overseeing prices : report to the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affiars, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2006.

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Resources, Canada Parliament Senate Standing Committee on Energy and Natural. Natural gas deregulation and marketing: Issue no. 24 of proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Ottawa: The Committee, 1988.

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The natural gas revolution of 1985. Washington, D.C: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1985.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Natural gas contract duration and right of first refusal: Report (to accompany H.R. 2701) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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