Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures

Academic literature on the topic 'Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures"

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Gaathaug, André Vagner, Dag Bjerketvedt, Knut Vaagsaether, and Sandra Hennie Nilsen. "Experimental Study of Gas Explosions in Hydrogen Sulfide-Natural Gas-Air Mixtures." Journal of Combustion 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/905893.

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An experimental study of turbulent combustion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and natural gas was performed to provide reference data for verification of CFD codes and direct comparison. Hydrogen sulfide is present in most crude oil sources, and the explosion behaviour of pure H2S and mixtures with natural gas is important to address. The explosion behaviour was studied in a four-meter-long square pipe. The first two meters of the pipe had obstacles while the rest was smooth. Pressure transducers were used to measure the combustion in the pipe. The pure H2S gave slightly lower explosion pressure than pure natural gas for lean-to-stoichiometric mixtures. The rich H2S gave higher pressure than natural gas. Mixtures of H2S and natural gas were also studied and pressure spikes were observed when 5% and 10% H2S were added to natural gas and also when 5% and 10% natural gas were added to H2S. The addition of 5% H2S to natural gas resulted in higher pressure than pure H2S and pure natural gas. The 5% mixture gave much faster combustion than pure natural gas under fuel rich conditions.
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Karp, I. M. "HYDROGEN IN MUNICIPAL ENERGY." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2021.02.

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The use of hydrogen in the municipal energy sector is currently inappropriate due to its high cost. Production of hydrogen by electrolysis requires more energy than it is emitted during its combustion. Thermophysical properties of hydrogen and natural gas are compared. Heat value of hydrogen in a unit of volume is 3.3 times lower than that of methane. The cost per unit of energy in hydrogen is more than 10 times higher than in natural gas. Distribution gas networks are not suitable for transportation of pure hydrogen. The possibility of transporting hydrogen in mixtures with natural gas is being studied. The efficiency of fuel use in a heating gas boiler decreases with increasing hydrogen concentration in a mixture with natural gas up to 50 %. The concentration of nitrogen oxides does not depend on the hydrogen content in the mixture. Bibl. 4, Table 1.
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Dehdari, Leila, Iris Burgers, Penny Xiao, Kevin Gang Li, Ranjeet Singh, and Paul A. Webley. "Purification of hydrogen from natural gas/hydrogen pipeline mixtures." Separation and Purification Technology 282 (February 2022): 120094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120094.

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Jaworski, Jacek, Paweł Kułaga, Giorgio Ficco, and Marco Dell’Isola. "Domestic Gas Meter Durability in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Mixtures." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 7555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227555.

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Blending hydrogen into the natural gas infrastructure is becoming a very promising practice to increase the exploitation of renewable energy sources which can be used to produce “green” hydrogen. Several research projects and field experiments are currently aimed at evaluating the risks associated with utilization of the gas blend in end-use devices such as the gas meters. In this paper, the authors present the results of experiments aimed at assessing the effect of hydrogen injection in terms of the durability of domestic gas meters. To this end, 105 gas meters of different measurement capabilities and manufacturers, both brand-new and withdrawn from service, were investigated in terms of accuracy drift after durability cycles of 5000 and 10,000 h with H2NG mixtures and H2 concentrations of 10% and 15%. The obtained results show that there is no metrologically significant or statistically significant influence of hydrogen content on changes in gas meter indication errors after subjecting the meters to durability testing with a maximum of 15% H2 content over 10,000 h. A metrologically significant influence of the long-term operation of the gas meters was confirmed, but it should not be made dependent on the hydrogen content in the gas. No safety problems related to the loss of external tightness were observed for either the new or 10-year-old gas meters.
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Shkarovskiy, Alexander, Anatolii Koliienko, and Vitalii Turchenko. "INTERCHANGEABILITY AND STANDARDIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES WHEN USING HYDROGEN." Architecture and Engineering 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2022-7-1-33-45.

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Introduction and purpose of the study: The paper presents results of studies aimed to provide a rationale for the possibility of a gradual transition to hydrogen combustion in gas supply to domestic and commercial consumers without changes in the design and operation of burners. For this purpose, we have considered tasks of determining the indicators of interchangeability for natural gas and its mixtures with hydrogen. The main characteristics of combustible gases with various hydrogen content in a mixture have been studied. We have established the impact of the hydrogen content on the heat rate, emissions of harmful substances, as well as light back and flame lift phenomena. We have also analyzed the available interchangeability criteria and their applicability when using natural gas/hydrogen mixtures. The impact of the hydrogen content on the radiation heat transfer in the furnaces of gas equipment is described in the paper for the first time. Methods: The methodology of the paper is based on a critical analysis of available literature data on combustible gases interchangeability as well as theoretical and experimental studies performed by the authors. We have derived dependencies that allow us to determine the possibility of gas equipment transition to the combustion of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures. We have also developed recommendations on the permissible hydrogen content in a natural gas/ hydrogen mixture that would ensure the efficient, safe, and green use of such fuel in domestic and commercial heating units. Results: Scientific findings and practical results of the study make it possible to implement partial gradual costeffective decarbonization in the area of gas fuel utilization as an intermediate stage of transition to more extended hydrogen combustion.
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Makaryan, Iren A., Igor V. Sedov, Eugene A. Salgansky, Artem V. Arutyunov, and Vladimir S. Arutyunov. "A Comprehensive Review on the Prospects of Using Hydrogen–Methane Blends: Challenges and Opportunities." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062265.

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An analysis of the literature data indicates a wide front of research and development in the field of the use of methane–hydrogen mixtures as a promising environmentally friendly low-carbon fuel. The conclusion of most works shows that the use of methane–hydrogen mixtures in internal combustion engines improves their performance and emission characteristics. The most important aspect is the concentration of hydrogen in the fuel mixture, which affects the combustion process of the fuel and determines the optimal operating conditions of the engine. When using methane–hydrogen mixtures with low hydrogen content, the safety measures and risks are similar to those that exist when working with natural gas. Serious logistical problems are associated with the difficulties of using the existing gas distribution infrastructure for transporting methane–hydrogen mixtures. It is possible that, despite the need for huge investments, it will be necessary to create a new infrastructure for the production, storage and transportation of hydrogen and its mixtures with natural gas. Further research is needed on the compatibility of pipeline materials with hydrogen and methane–hydrogen mixtures, safety conditions for the operation of equipment operating with hydrogen or methane–hydrogen mixtures, as well as the economic and environmental feasibility of using these energy carriers.
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Zéberg-Mikkelsen, Claus K., Sergio E. Quiñones-Cisneros, and Erling H. Stenby. "Viscosity Prediction of Hydrogen + Natural Gas Mixtures (Hythane)." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 40, no. 13 (June 2001): 2966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0010464.

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Melnyk, V. М., F. V. Kozak, М. М. Hnyp, and D. V. Lisafin. "Efficiency of hydrogen use in mixtures with compressed natural gas on car engines." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(36) (December 29, 2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2021-2(36)-98-105.

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One of the important aspects of using hydrogen in an equivalent fuel is economic efficiency. In the calculations of the economic efficiency of the use of hydrogen as an additive to compressed natural gas, the necessary technical condition is to ensure the same calorific value of the equivalent fuel in comparison with commercial natural gas. To solve this problem, we obtained the dependence of the change in the price of natural gas on the lower heat of combustion, calculated the change in the consumption of equivalent fuel from the equation of heat balance contained in compressed natural gas and equivalent fuel. Depending on the increase in the lower heat of combustion when adding hydrogen, we obtained the value of the heat of combustion of compressed gas that can be used in mixtures with hydrogen. Therefore, for the accepted prices for compressed natural gas and hydrogen and under the same calorific value of equivalent fuel and compressed natural gas from the calculations it is seen that with increasing percentage of hydrogen in fuel mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen increases economic efficiency. This is due to the use in fuel mixtures of natural gas with low calorific value, and hence low cost, and as an option it can be biogas. When using hydrogen additives to compressed natural gas with low calorific value in the amount of up to 70% by weight, you can achieve a reduction in the cost of natural gas to 12.5 UAH on kilogram. This effect, when using hydrogen additives to natural gas, indicates the prospects of this direction of hydrogen use and the feasibility of further research.
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Huszal, Anna, and Jacek Jaworski. "Studies of the Impact of Hydrogen on the Stability of Gaseous Mixtures of THT." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 5, 2020): 6441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236441.

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One of the most important requirements concerning the quality of natural gases, guaranteeing their safe use, involves providing the proper level of their odorization. This allows for the detection of uncontrolled leakages of gases from gas networks, installations and devices. The concentration of an odorant should be adjusted in such a manner that the gas odor in a mixture with air would be noticeable by users (gas receivers). A permanent odor of gas is guaranteed by the stability of the odorant molecule and its resistance to changes in the composition of odorized gases. The article presents the results of experimental research on the impact of a hydrogen additive on the stability of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) mixtures in methane and in natural gas with a hydrogen additive. The objective of the work was to determine the readiness of measurement infrastructures routinely used in monitoring the process of odorizing natural gas for potential changes in its composition. One of the elements of this infrastructure includes the reference mixtures of THT, used to verify the correctness of the readings of measurement devices. The performed experimental tests address possible changes in the composition of gases supplied via a distribution network, resulting from the introduction of hydrogen. The lack of interaction between hydrogen and THT has been verified indirectly by assessing the stability of its mixtures with methane and natural gas containing hydrogen. The results of the presented tests permitted the identification of potential hazards for the safe use of gas from a distribution network, resulting from changes in its composition caused by the addition of hydrogen.
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Sierens, R., and E. Rosseel. "Variable Composition Hydrogen/Natural Gas Mixtures for Increased Engine Efficiency and Decreased Emissions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 1 (July 5, 1999): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483191.

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It is well known that adding hydrogen to natural gas extends the lean limit of combustion and that in this way extremely low emission levels can be obtained: even the equivalent zero emission vehicle (EZEV) requirements can be reached. The emissions reduction is especially important at light engine loads. In this paper results are presented for a GM V8 engine. Natural gas, pure hydrogen and different blends of these two fuels have been tested. The fuel supply system used provides natural gas/hydrogen mixtures in variable proportion, regulated independently of the engine operating condition. The influence of the fuel composition on the engine operating characteristics and exhaust emissions has been examined, mainly but not exclusively for 10 and 20 percent hydrogen addition. At least 10 percent hydrogen addition is necessary for a significant improvement in efficiency. Due to the conflicting requirements for low hydrocarbons and low NOx, determining the optimum hythane composition is not straight-forward. For hythane mixtures with a high hydrogen fraction, it is found that a hydrogen content of 80 percent or less guarantees safe engine operation (no backfire nor knock), whatever the air excess factor. It is shown that to obtain maximum engine efficiency for the whole load range while taking low exhaust emissions into account, the mixture composition should be varied with respect to engine load. [S0742-4795(00)02001-9]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures"

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Mumby, Christopher. "Predictions of explosions and fires of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures for hazard assessment." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6354.

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The work presented in this thesis was undertaken as part of the safety work package of the NATURALHY project which was an integrated project funded by the European Commission (EC) within the sixth framework programme. The purpose of the NATURALHY project was to investigate the feasibility of using existing natural gas infrastructure to assist a transition to a hydrogen based economy by transporting hydrogen from its place of production to its place of use as a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen. The hydrogen can then be extracted from the mixture for use in fuel cells or the mixture used directly in conventional combustion devices. The research presented in this thesis focused on predicting the consequences of explosions and fires involving natural gas and hydrogen mixtures, using engineering type mathematical models typical of those used by the gas industry for risk assessment purposes. The first part of the thesis concentrated on modifying existing models that had been developed to predict confined vented and unconfined vapour cloud explosions involving natural gas. Three geometries were studied: a confined vented enclosure, an unconfined cubical region of congestion and an unconfined high aspect ratio region of congestion. The modifications made to the models were aimed at accounting for the different characteristics of a natural gas/hydrogen mixture compared to natural gas. Experimental data for the laminar burning velocity of methane/hydrogen mixtures was obtained within the safety work package. For practical reasons, this experimental work was carried at an elevated temperature. Predictions from kinetic modelling were employed to convert this information for use in models predicting explosions at ambient temperature. For confined vented explosions a model developed by Shell (SCOPE) was used and modified by adding new laminar burning velocity and Markstein number data relevant to the gas compositions studied. For vapour cloud explosions in a cubical region of congestion, two models were used. The first model was developed by Shell (CAM2), and was applied using the new laminar burning velocity and other composition specific properties. The second model was based on a model provided by GL Services and was modified by generalising the flame speed model so that any natural gas/hydrogen mixture could be simulated. For vapour cloud explosions in an unconfined high aspect ratio region of congestion, a model from GL Services was used. Modifications were made to the modelling of flame speed so that it could be applied to different fuel compositions, equivalence ratios and the initial flame speed entering the congested region. Predictions from the modified explosion models were compared with large scale experimental data obtained within the safety work package. Generally, (apart from where continuously accelerating flames were produced), satisfactory agreement was achieved. This demonstrated that the modified models could be used, in many cases, for risk assessment purposes for explosions involving natural gas/hydrogen mixtures. The second part of thesis concentrated on predicting the incident thermal radiation from high pressure jet fires and pipelines fires involving natural gas/hydrogen mixtures. The approach taken was to modify existing models, developed for natural gas. For jet fires three models were used. Fuel specific input parameters were derived and the predictions of flame length and incident radiation compared with large scale experimental data. For pipeline fires a model was developed using a multi-point source approach for the radiation emitted by the fire and a correlation for flame length. Again predictions were compared with large scale experimental data. For both types of fire, satisfactory predictions of the flame length and incident radiation were obtained for natural gas and mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen containing approximately 25% hydrogen.
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Van, Norden Vincent Ray. "Reducing emissions of a large bore two stroke cycle engine using a natural gas and hydrogen mixture." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/736.

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Dam, Bidhan Kumar. "Flashback propensity of gas mixtures." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Monteparo, Christopher Nicholas. "Gallium nitride sensors for hydrogen/nitrogen and hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixtures." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002838.

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Sublette, Kerry Lyn. "Microbial desulfurization of natural gas /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1985. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8510388.

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Gibrael, Nemir, and Hamse Hassan. "HYDROGEN-FIRED GAS TURBINE FOR POWER GENERATION WITH EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION : Emission and economic evaluation of pure hydrogen compare to natural gas." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42306.

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The member states of European Union aim to promote the reduction of harmful emissions. Emissions from combustion processes cause effects on human health and pose environmental issues, for example by increasing greenhouse effect. There are two ways to reduce emissions; one is to promote renewable energy sources and the other to utilize more effectively the available fossil fuels until a long-term solution is available. Hence, it is necessary to strive for CO2 mitigation technologies applied to fossil fuels. Low natural gas prices together with high energy efficiency have made gas turbines popular in the energy market. But, gas turbine fired with natural gas come along with emissions of CO2, NOx and CO. However, these disadvantages can be eliminated by using gas turbine with precombustion CO2 capture, separating carbon from the fuel by using fuel reforming process and feeding pure hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen fired gas turbines are used in two applications such as a gas turbine with pre-combustion CO2 capture and for renewable power plants where hydrogen is stored in case as a backup plan. Although the CO2 emissions are reduced in a hydrogen fired gas turbine with a pre-combustion CO2 capture, there are still several challenges such as high flame temperatures resulting in production of thermal NOx. This project suggests a method for application of hydrogen fired gas turbine, using exhaust gas recirculation to reduce flame temperature and thus reducing thermal NOx. A NOx emission model for a hydrogen-fired gas turbine was built from literature data and used to select the best operating conditions for the plant. In addition, the economic benefits of switching from natural gas to pure hydrogen are reported. For the techno-economic analysis, investment costs and operating costs were taken from the literature, and an economic model was developed. To provide sensitivity analysis for the techno-economic calculation, three cases were studied. Literature review was carried out on several journal articles and websites to gain understanding on hydrogen and natural gas fired gas turbines. Results showed that, in the current state, pure hydrogen has high delivery cost both in the US and Europe. While it’s easy to access natural gas at low cost, therefore in the current state gas turbine fired with natural gas are more profitable than hydrogen fired gas turbine. But, if targeted hydrogen prices are reached while fuel reforming process technology are developed in the coming future the hydrogen fired gas turbine will compete seriously with natural gas.
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Weiler, Justin D. "Numerical Simulation of Flame-Vortex Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Gas Mixtures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4774.

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The interactions between laminar premixed flames and counter-rotating vortex pairs in natural and synthetic gas mixtures have been computationally investigated through the use of Direct Numerical Simulations and parallel processing. Using a computational model for premixed combustion, laminar flames are simulated for single- and two-component fuel mixtures of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. These laminar flames are forced to interact with superimposed laminar vortex pairs, which mimic the effects of a pulsed, two-dimensional slot-injection. The premixed flames are parameterized by their unstretched laminar flame speed, heat release, and flame thickness. The simulated vortices are of a fixed size (relative to the flame thickness) and are parameterized, solely, by their rotational velocity (relative to the flame speed). Strain rate and surface curvature measurements are made along the stretched flame surfaces to study the effects of additive syngas species (CO and H2) on lean methane-air flames. For flames that share the same unstretched laminar flame speed, heat release, and flame thickness, it is observed that the effects of carbon monoxide on methane-air mixtures are essentially negigible while the effects of hydrogen are quite substantial. The dynamics of stretched CH4/Air and CH4/CO/Air flames are nearly identical to one another for interactions with both strong and weak vortices. However, the CH4/H2/Air flames demonstrate a remarkable tendency toward surface area growth. Over comparable interaction periods, the flame surface area produced during interactions with CH4/H2/Air flames was found to be more than double that of the pure CH4/Air flames. Despite several obvious differences, all of the interactions revealed the same basic phenomena, including vortex breakdown and flame pinch-off (i.e. pocket formation). In general, the strain rate and surface curvature magnitudes were found to be lower for the CH4/H2/Air flames, and comparable between CH4/Air and CH4/CO/Air flames. Rates of flame stretching are not explicitely determined, but are, instead, addressed through observation of their individual components. Two different models are used to determine local displacement speed values. A discrepancy between practical and theoretical definitions of the displacement speed is evident based on the instantaneous results for CH4/Air and CH4/H2/Air flames interacting with weak and strong vortices.
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Holton, Maclain Marshall. "Autoignition delay time measurements for natural gas fuel components and their mixtures." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8976.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Zhou, Jingjun. "Automatic isochoric apparatus for PVT and phase equilibrium studies of natural gas mixtures." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1004.

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Widia. "Variation of density with composition for natural gas mixtures in the supercritical region." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1094.

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The densities of three different natural gas mixtures (Case A, Case B, and Case C) were evaluated at pressures from 14 to 38 MPa (2000 to 5500 psia) and temperatures from 230 K to 350 K by using SonicWare? and NIST-14 software packages. The chosen pressures and temperatures were based on the phase diagrams for each composition and the probability of encountering such conditions in reservoir or pipeline environment. For each isotherm, the heaviest hydrocarbon was varied from 0 to 1 mole percent in increments of 0.001 (Dx=0.001) and the density calculated for each composition. After the densities were obtained, the partial derivatives of the densities with respect to composition, were calculated numerically at fixed pressure and temperature. The results and calculations suggest that it is very difficult to obtain the desired accuracy (+ 0.1 %) in densities when using a combination of composition measurements and equation of state calculations.
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Books on the topic "Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures"

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Tabak, John. Natural gas and hydrogen. New York NY: Facts On File, 2009.

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Rashed, Abuagela Husein. Reduction rates of thin nickel oxide foils with hydrogen and hydrogen-helium gas mixtures: Effective diffusivities of porous product. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, 1991.

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Singh, Jag J. Measurement of viscosity of gaseous mixtures at atmospheric pressure. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1986.

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Archer, G. T. Safety aspects of the effects of hydrogen sulphide concentrations in natural gas. [Sudbury]: HSE Books, 1998.

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Younglove, Ben. Speed of sound data and related models for mixtures of natural gas constituents. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1993.

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Sprinkle, Danny R. On-line measurement of heat of combustion of gaseous hydrocarbon fuel mixtures. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1996.

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Environment, Alberta Alberta, ed. Sulphur recovery guidelines for sour gas plants in Alberta. [Calgary]: ERCB, 1988.

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McDonald, L. Garner. Frictional ignition of natural gas-air mixtures by alternative coal-cutter bit shank materials. Washington, D.C: Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1992.

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Dingle, Oliver, and E. Steinmetz. Gasfahrzeuge: Die passende Antwort auf die CO2-Herausforderung der Zukunft? Renningen: expert-Verl, 2004.

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Tian ran qi tan qing tong wei su fen liu dong li xue ji qi ying yong. Beijing: Shi you gong ye chu ban she, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures"

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Hafsi, Zahreddine, Sami Elaoud, Mohsen Akrout, and Ezzeddine Hadj Taïeb. "New Correlation for Hydrogen-Natural Gas Mixture Compressibility Factor." In Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems - II, 791–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17527-0_79.

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Pluvinage, Guy. "Defect Assessment on Pipe Transporting a Mixture of Natural Gas and Hydrogen." In Damage and Fracture Mechanics, 19–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2669-9_3.

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De Simio, Luigi, Michele Gambino, and Sabato Iannaccone. "Using Natural Gas/Hydrogen Mixture as a Fuel in a 6-Cylinder Stoichiometric Spark Ignition Engine." In Enriched Methane, 175–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22192-2_10.

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Shah, Mumtaj, Prasenjit Mondal, Ameeya Kumar Nayak, and Ankur Bordoloi. "Hydrogen from Natural Gas." In Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources, 81–120. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153292-4.

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Huseynova, S. A., Hokman Mahmudov, and Islam I. Mustafayev. "Photolysis of Hydrogen Sulfide in Gas Mixtures." In Black Sea Energy Resource Development and Hydrogen Energy Problems, 37–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6152-0_4.

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Gelfand, Boris E., Mikhail V. Silnikov, Sergey P. Medvedev, and Sergey V. Khomik. "Turbulent Combustion of Hydrogenous Gas Mixtures." In Thermo-Gas Dynamics of Hydrogen Combustion and Explosion, 53–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25352-2_3.

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Gelfand, Boris E., Mikhail V. Silnikov, Sergey P. Medvedev, and Sergey V. Khomik. "Self-Ignition of Hydrogenous Mixtures." In Thermo-Gas Dynamics of Hydrogen Combustion and Explosion, 121–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25352-2_6.

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Bartlit, J. R., K. D. Williamson, and F. J. Edeskuty. "J-T Liquefaction of Hydrogen-Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 452–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0513-3_57.

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Gelfand, Boris E., Mikhail V. Silnikov, Sergey P. Medvedev, and Sergey V. Khomik. "Fundamental Combustion Characteristics of Hydrogenous Mixtures." In Thermo-Gas Dynamics of Hydrogen Combustion and Explosion, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25352-2_1.

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Nuttall, William J., and Adetokunboh T. Bakenne. "The Proposed Natural Gas to Hydrogen Transition in the UK." In Fossil Fuel Hydrogen, 79–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30908-4_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures"

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Incer-Valverde, Jimena, Oyeniyi Olaniyi, Tatiana Morosuk, and George Tsatsaronis. "Evaluation of “Natural Gas/Hydrogen” Mixtures for Power to Gas Application." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71418.

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Abstract Utilization of hydrogen (H2)/natural gas (NG) mixtures or pure hydrogen in gas-fired power plants poses a lower carbon footprint instead of the regular 100% NG fuel. Reducing carbon emissions (CO2) in electricity production is fast gaining huge traction in gas power plants, as the attention is shifting from soon eradicated coal power plants to low carbon power plants. Increased interest in the hydrogen economy has further aroused discussions for hydrogen to replace natural gas. This paper evaluates the impact of hydrogen mixtures on existing power plants in three countries: Denmark, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The investigation is carried out using energy, exergy, and economic analysis to depict implications of the various mixtures on each of the power plants. The simulation of the power plants was performed using Ebsilon software, while the calculations of CO2, and NOx emissions were carried out with the aid of the Cantera software and the exergy-based analysis was computed in Excel VBA. The analyzed mixtures of H2/NG presented advantages in all the power plants studied such as lower CO2 emissions, higher energetic and exergetic efficiencies, and, therefore, lower mass flowrates of the fuel mixture. However, NOx discharge, levelized fuel cost (except in the Viborg power plant), and volumetric flowrate increased drastically. Conclusions of this paper will enlighten readers on the technological and economic constraints of using H2-NG mixtures in gas-fired power plants.
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Kim, Gihun, Ritesh Ghorpade, and Subith S. Vasu. "Laminar Flame Speed Measurements of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Mixtures for Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58870.

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Abstract Due to the increasingly challenging carbon emission reduction targets, hydrogen-containing fuel combustion is gaining the energy community’s attention, as highlighted recently in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Hydrogen Program Plan [1]. Though fundamental and applied research of hydrogen-containing fuels has been a topic of research for several decades, there are knowledge-gaps and unexplored fuel blend combustion characteristics at conditions relevant to modern gas turbine combustors. Hydrogen will be burned directly or as mixtures with natural gas (NG) and/or ammonia (NH3) in these devices. Fundamental research on the combustion of hydrogen (H2) containing fuels is still essential, especially to overcome or accurately predict challenges such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction and flashback and develop fuel flexible combustors for a prosperous hydrogen economy. We focused our investigation on a natural gas and hydrogen mixture. Measurements of laminar burning velocity (LBV) are necessary for these fuels to understand their applicability in the turbines and other engines. In this study, the maximum rate of pressure rise and LBV of methane (CH4), CH4/H2, natural gas, and natural gas/H2 mixture were measured in synthetic air. The experimental conditions were at an initial pressure of 1 atm and an initial temperature of 300 K. A realistic natural gas composition from the field was used in this study and consisted of CH4 and other alkanes. The experimental data were compared with simulations carried out with detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms.
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Brower, Marissa L., Olivier Mathieu, Eric L. Petersen, Nicola Donohoe, Alexander Heufer, Wayne K. Metcalfe, Henry J. Curran, Gilles Bourque, and Felix Güthe. "Ignition Delay Time Experiments for Natural Gas/Hydrogen Blends at Elevated Pressures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95151.

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Applications of natural gases that contain high levels of hydrogen have become a primary interest in the gas turbine market. While the ignition delay times of hydrogen and of the individual hydrocarbons in natural gases can be considered well known, there have been few previous experimental studies into the effects of different levels of hydrogen on the ignition delay times of natural gases at gas turbine conditions. To examine the effects of hydrogen content at gas turbine conditions, shock-tube experiments were performed on nine mixtures of an L9 matrix. The L9 matrix was developed by varying four factors: natural gas higher-order hydrocarbon content of 0, 18.75, or 37.5%; hydrogen content of the total fuel mixture of 30, 60, or 80%; equivalence ratios of 0.3, 0.5, or 1; and pressures of 1, 10, or 30 atm. Temperatures ranged from 1092 K to 1722 K, and all mixtures were diluted in 90% Ar. Correlations for each mixture were developed from the ignition delay times and, using these correlations, a factor sensitivity analysis was performed. It was found that hydrogen played the most significant role in the ignition delay times of a mixture. Pressure was almost as important as hydrogen content, especially as temperature increased. Equivalence ratio was slightly more important than hydrocarbon content of the natural gas, but both were less important than pressure or hydrogen content. Comparison with a modern chemical kinetic model demonstrated that the model captures well the relative impacts of H2 content, temperature, and pressure, but some improvements are still needed in terms of absolute ignition delay times.
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Ruter, Matthew D., Daniel B. Olsen, Mark V. Scotto, and Mark A. Perna. "Performance of a Large Bore Natural Gas Engine With Reformed Natural Gas Prechamber Fueling." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35162.

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Lean combustion is a standard approach used to reduce NOx emissions in large bore natural gas engines. However, at lean operating points, combustion instabilities and misfires give rise to high total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. To counteract this effect, precombustion chamber (PCC) technology is employed to allow engine operation at an overall lean equivalence ratio while mitigating the rise of THC and CO caused by combustion instability and misfires. A PCC is a small chamber, typically 1–2% of the clearance volume. A separate fuel line supplies gaseous fuel to the PCC and a standard spark plug ignites the slightly rich mixture (equivalence ratio 1.1 to 1.2) in the PCC. The ignited PCC mixture enters the main combustion chamber as a high energy flame jet, igniting the lean mixture in the main chamber. Typically, natural gas fuels both the main cylinder and the PCC. In the current research, a mixture of reformed natural gas (syngas) and natural gas fuels the PCC. Syngas is a broad term that refers to a synthetic gaseous fuel. In this case, syngas specifically denotes a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and methane generated in a natural gas reformer. Syngas has a faster flame speed and a wider equivalence ratio range of operation. Fueling the PCC with Syngas reduces combustion instabilities and misfires. This extends the overall engine lean limit, enabling further NOx reductions. Research results presented are aimed at quantifying the benefits of syngas PCC fueling. A model is developed to predict equivalence ratio in the PCC for different mixtures and flowrates of fuel. An electronic injection valve is used to supply the PCC with syngas. The delivery pressure, injection timing, and flow rate are varied to optimize PCC equivalence ratio. The experimental results show that supplying the PCC with syngas improves combustion stability by 16% compared to natural gas PCC fueling. Comparing equivalent combustion stability operating points between syngas mixtures and natural gas shows a 40% reduction in NOx emissions when fueling the PCC with syngas mixtures compared to natural gas fueling.
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Rios Escalante, Edwin Santiago, and João Carvalho. "Influence of hydrogen addition on the steric factor of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures." In XI Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica - CONEM 2022. ABCM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.conem2022.con22-0421.

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Cordiner, Stefano, Vincenzo Mulone, and Riccardo Scarcelli. "Numerical Simulation of Engines Fuelled by Hydrogen and Natural Gas Mixtures." In JSAE/SAE International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1901.

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Dimopoulos, P., K. Boulouchos, C. Rechsteiner, P. Soltic, and R. Hotz. "Combustion Characteristics of Hydrogen-Natural Gas Mixtures in Passenger Car Engines." In 8th International Conference on Engines for Automobiles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-24-0065.

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Stathopoulos, P., P. Kuhn, J. Wendler, T. Tanneberger, S. Terhaar, C. O. Paschereit, C. Schmalhofer, P. Griebel, and M. Aigner. "Emissions of a Wet Premixed Flame of Natural Gas and a Mixture With Hydrogen at High Pressure." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57745.

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It is generally accepted that combustion of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures will become more prevalent in the near future, to allow for a further penetration of renewables in the European power generation system. The current work aims at the demonstration of the advantages of steam dilution, when highly reactive combustible mixtures are used in a swirl-stabilized combustor. To this end, high-pressure experiments have been conducted with a generic swirl-stabilized combustor featuring axial air injection to increase flashback safety. The experiments have been conducted with two fuel mixtures, at various pressure levels up to 9 bar and at four levels of steam dilution up to 25% steam-to-air mass flow ratio. Natural gas has been used as a reference fuel, whereas a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen (10% hydrogen by mass) represented an upper limit of hydrogen concentration in a natural gas network with hydrogen enrichment. The results of the emissions measurements are presented along with a reactor network model. The latter is applied as a means to qualitatively understand the chemical processes responsible for the observed emissions and their trends with increasing pressure and steam injection.
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Kurz, Rainer, Matt Lubomirsky, and Francis Bainier. "Hydrogen in Pipelines: Impact of Hydrogen Transport in Natural Gas Pipelines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14040.

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Abstract The increased use of renewable energy has made the need to store electricity a central requirement. One of the concepts to address this need is to produce hydrogen from surplus electricity, and to use the existing natural gas pipeline system to transport the hydrogen. Generally, the hydrogen content in the pipeline flow would be below 20%, thus avoiding the problems of transporting and burning pure hydrogen. The natural gas – hydrogen mixtures have to be considered both from a gas transport and a gas storage perspective. In this study, the impact of various levels of hydrogen in a pipeline system are simulated. The pipeline hydraulic simulation will provide the necessary operating conditions for the gas compressors, and the gas turbines that drive these compressors. The result of the study addresses the impact on transportation efficiency in terms of energy consumption and the emission of green house gases. Further, necessary concepts in the capability to store gas to better balance supply and demand are discussed.
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Morones, A., S. Ravi, D. Plichta, E. L. Petersen, N. Donohoe, A. Heufer, H. J. Curran, F. Güthe, and T. Wind. "Laminar and Turbulent Flame Speeds for Natural Gas/Hydrogen Blends." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26742.

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Hydrogen-based fuels have become a primary interest in the gas turbine market. To better predict the reactivity of mixtures containing different levels of hydrogen, laminar and turbulent flame speed experiments have been conducted. The laminar flame speed measurements were performed for various methane and natural gas surrogate blends with significant amounts of hydrogen at elevated pressures (up to 5 atm) and temperatures (up to 450 K) using a heated, high-pressure, cylindrical, constant-volume vessel. The hydrogen content ranged from 50% to 90% by volume. All measurements were compared to a chemical kinetic model, and good agreement within experimental measurement uncertainty was observed over most conditions. Turbulent combustion experiments were also performed for pure H2 and 50:50 H2:CH4 mixtures using a fan-stirred flame speed vessel. All tests were made with a fixed integral length scale of 27 mm and with a turbulent intensity level of 1.5 m/s at 1 atm initial pressure. Most of the turbulent flame speed results were in either the corrugated or thin reaction zones when plotted on a Borghi diagram, with Damköhler numbers up to 100 and turbulent Reynolds numbers between about 100 and 450. Flame speeds for a 50:50 blend of H2:CH4 for both laminar and turbulent cases were about a factor of 1.8 higher than for pure methane.
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Reports on the topic "Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures"

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Jason M. Keith. IGNITION IMPROVEMENT OF LEAN NATURAL GAS MIXTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839567.

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Hyde, Dan, and Kirk Collier. Hydrogen-Enhanced Natural Gas Vehicle Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/949990.

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Fletcher, J., and V. Callaghan. Distributed Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas: Independent Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893444.

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Francfort, Donald Karner, and Roberta Brayer. Hydrogen and Hydrogen/Natural Gas Station and Vehicle Operations - 2006 Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911564.

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Milbrandt, A., and M. Mann. Hydrogen Resource Assessment: Hydrogen Potential from Coal, Natural Gas, Nuclear, and Hydro Power. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/950142.

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Sakurai, Yasumasa, Yuki Morizoni, Takuma Tsuchiya, and Yasuo Takagi. Research on Hydrogen-Rich Gas Generation by On-Board Reforming From Natural Gas. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0442.

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Younglove, B. A., N. V. Frederick, and R. D. McCarty. Speed of sound data and related models for mixtures of natural gas constituents. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.mono.178.

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Spath, P. L., and M. K. Mann. Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production via Natural Gas Steam Reforming. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764485.

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Bishnoi, P. R., R. B. Saeger, N. E. Kalogerakis, and J. Jeje. The kinetcs of formation & decomposition of hydrates from mixtures of natural gas components. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293492.

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Melaina, M. W., O. Antonia, and M. Penev. Blending Hydrogen into Natural Gas Pipeline Networks. A Review of Key Issues. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219920.

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