Academic literature on the topic 'Natural gas conversion'

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural gas conversion"

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Burch, Robert, and Shik C. Tsang. "Natural gas conversion." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2, no. 1 (February 1997): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(97)80110-6.

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Ross, Julian. "Natural gas conversion symposium." Applied Catalysis A: General 95, no. 2 (March 1993): N14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(93)85086-5.

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Basile, F., G. Fornasari, J. R. Rostrup-Nielsen, and A. Vaccari. "Advances in natural gas conversion." Catalysis Today 64, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00502-2.

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Minkkinen, A., J. F. Gaillard, and J. P. Burzynski. "Natural Gas Production with Gas Liquids Conversion." Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 49, no. 5 (September 1994): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1994036.

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Zaman, Jasimuz. "Oxidative processes in natural gas conversion." Fuel Processing Technology 58, no. 2-3 (March 1999): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3820(98)00090-3.

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Gradassi, Michael J., and N. Wayne Green. "Economics of natural gas conversion processes." Fuel Processing Technology 42, no. 2-3 (April 1995): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(94)00094-a.

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Sprung, Christoph, Evgeniy A. Redekop, Robert D. Armstrong, and Nikolaos E. Tsakoumis. "Midnight-sun-induced natural gas conversion." Catalysis Today 299 (January 2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.01.003.

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Suurrell, M. S. "Natural gas conversion — south africa 1995." Applied Catalysis A: General 107, no. 2 (January 1994): N20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(94)85168-9.

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Partridge, W. R. "CONVERSION OF GAS TO TRANSPORTATION FUELS." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84012.

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There is a widespread interest in the utilisation of the world's gas reserves, a considerable volume of which are located in remote areas and cannot be transported economically by pipeline. In addition the traditional market for such gas has been liquefied natural gas, but currently the market appears to be saturated. Consequently Bechtel Petroleum Inc. made a technical and economic analysis of processes which could be used to convert natural gas to transportation fuels. It was found that there is a number of new technologies which could be considered commercial and a considerable number that look promising but are not yet commercial.This paper presents the results of the economic analysis of the following five commercial or near commercial processes.Natural gas to methanol,Natural gas to methanol and gasoline,Natural gas to gasoline and diesel via the Fischer Tropsch process,Natural gas to gasoline and distillate (via extracted liquified petroleum gas), andOlefins direct to gasoline and distillate.For comparison purposes the economics of liquified natural gas were also developed.This comparison indicated that the conversion of olefins to transport fuels has a distinct economic advantage over the others. In addition this process has the flexibility of yielding varying percentages of gasoline and diesel according to market demand whereas some of the processes can produce only a single product. One disadvantage is that the olefins feedstock must be priced on a heating value basis comparable to natural gas and not for its alternative value in the manufacture of petrochemicals. There are situations in the world where refinery and chemical offgases containing olefins in dilute form could be priced competitively with natural gas.The conversion of extracted liquified petroleum gas from natural gas also looks promising, but it must be priced competitively with natural gas.The economic comparison highlighted the need for future basic research into the conversion of natural gas directly to transportation fuels rather than going through intermediate steps. Considerable research is currently being directed to these conversion processes. In addition there is also research being conducted to improve the economics of the commercial Fischer Tropsch conversion process.
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TAKEHIRA, YOSHIO. "Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Liquid Fuels." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 56, no. 6 (1991): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.56.526.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural gas conversion"

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Ashcroft, Alexander T. "Methane conversion over oxide catalysts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305983.

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Bengtsson, Simon. "Economic and environmental implications of a conversion to natural gas." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Energivetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27274.

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Swartz, Matthew M. "Nitric oxide conversion in a spark ignited natural gas engine." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=4009.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 79 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70).
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Zeng, Fan. "Catalytic processes for conversion of natural gas engine exhaust and 2,3-butanediol conversion to 1,3-butadiene." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32777.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Chemical Engineering
Keith L. Hohn
Extensive research has gone into developing and modeling the three-way catalyst (TWC) to reduce the emissions of hydrocarbons, NOx and CO from gasoline-fueled engines level. However, much less has been done to model the use of the three-way catalyst to treat exhaust from natural gas-fueled engines. Our research address this gap in the literature by developing a detailed surface reaction mechanism for platinum based on elementary-step reactions. A reaction mechanism consisting of 24 species and 115 elementary reactions was constructed from literature values. All reaction parameters were used as found in the literature sources except for steps modified to improve the model fit to the experimental data. The TWC was simulated as a one-dimension, isothermal plug flow reactor (PFR) for the steady state condition and a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) for the dithering condition. This work describes a method to quantitatively simulate the natural gas engine TWC converter performance, providing a deep understanding of the surface chemistry in the converter. Due to the depletion of petroleum oil and recent volatility in price, synthesizing value-added chemicals from biomass-derived materials has attracted extensive attention. 1, 3-butadiene (BD), an important intermediate to produce rubber, is conventionally produced from petroleum. Recently, one potential route is to produce BD by dehydration of 2, 3-butanediol (BDO), which is produced at high yield from biomass. This reaction was studied over two commercial forms of alumina. Our results indicate acid/base properties greatly impact the BD selectivity. Trimethylamine can also modify the acid/base properties on alumina surface and affect the BD selectivity. Scandium oxide, acidic oxide or zirconia dual bed systems are also studied and our results show that acidic oxide used as the second bed catalyst can promote the formation of BD, while 2,5-dimethylphenol is found when the zirconia is used as the second bed catalyst which is due to the strong basic sites.
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Udell, Thomas Gregory. "Reducing emissions of older vehicles through fuel system conversion to natural gas." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19896.

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Park, Talus. "Dual fuel conversion of a direct injection diesel engine." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=460.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 96 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
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Baumhakl, Christoph [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Karl. "Substitute Natural Gas Production with direct Conversion of Higher Hydrocarbons / Christoph Baumhakl. Gutachter: Jürgen Karl." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075832462/34.

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Khan, Ashikur R. "Experimental studies of the homogeneous conversion of sulfur di-oxide to sulfur tri-oxide via natural gas reburning." Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175798586.

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Oliveira, Maurício Figueiredo de. "Metodologia para aplicação de fontes renováveis de energia elétrica em plataformas marítimas de produção de petróleo e gás natural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-01082013-162018/.

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A utilização de fontes renováveis em plataformas de produção de petróleo e gás natural atualmente é baseada em aplicações experimentais e esparsas. Contudo, a aplicação dessas fontes de forma estruturada permite aumentar a confiabilidade de sistemas críticos e diminuir a emissão de poluentes. Com foco nos projetos para desenvolvimento de produção dos campos petrolíferos do pré-sal no Brasil, esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta de metodologia para avaliação de utilização de fontes renováveis de energia elétrica em plataformas marítimas de produção de petróleo e gás natural. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um fluxograma de projeto e uma metodologia multicritério. O fluxograma de projeto determina as etapas e atividades requeridas para uma adequada aplicação da metodologia de avaliação. Enquanto a metodologia multicritério busca captar os valores e percepções de projetistas, operadores e mantenedores a respeito de características dos dispositivos conversores de energia renovável. A metodologia proposta é aplicada em um caso de plataforma tipo fixa e em outro caso de plataforma tipo FPSO. Esse segundo caso representa características físicas das embarcações utilizadas para desenvolvimento da produção na camada pré-sal, assim como as características ambientais e geográficas de locação. Os resultados permitem comparar as potencialidades de captação de energia renovável, assim como permitem identificar as tecnologias com estado da arte mais adequado para essa aplicação específica. Outras conclusões são apresentadas, como a estimativa de emissão de CO2 evitada e as tecnologias verdes com atratividade para desenvolvimento no âmbito nacional.
Nowadays renewable sources applications at offshore petroleum and natural gas production platform are based at experimental and particular cases. However, a structured design system can increase critical systems reliability and decrease pollutant emissions. Focuses at new developing production projects at Brazilian presalt petroleum fields, this work suggest a new methodology to valuate renewable source applications and solutions at offshore petroleum and natural gas production platform. Based at this purpose, a design project workflow and a multicriteria methodology were developed. Technical activities required to a suitable valuation and sequential steps are detailed at project workflow. The multicriteria methodology simulates values and feelings of designers, operators and technical maintenance about renewable source converters appliances features. This proposed methodology is applied at two specific cases, a fixed platform and FPSO platform. The second one represents physical characteristics of pre-salt production units as well environmental and geographic features of site location. The comparison of results indicates potential renewable energy flows to be harvested and the technologies of renewable sources with high attractiveness for this offshore application. Other conclusions are showed, as quantification of avoided carbonic gas emitted and green technologies that should be produced in Brazil.
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Ferraz, Fagner Barbosa. "Análise de desempenho de um motor diesel turboalimentado ottolizado para gás natural." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5384.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
A large number of national companies has been using diesel gensets as an alternative to the electricity supplied by the local utility. Therefore, generators are used as an emergency power system or during peak hours. Peak hour in Brazil is between 5 to 10 p. m. As we know diesel engines contribute to the large increase in environmental pollution, since the diesel exhaust may contain fine particles associated with negative health effect, toxic air contaminants, as NOx and SOx. On the other hand, Natural gas is considered as a suitable choice rather than the use of diesel, because it possesses high calorific power, clean burning, and proper octane level for Otto cycle engine. The present work deals with the performance analysis of a Perkins engine turbocharged, diesel, model 1104C-44TA, converted into an Otto cycle engine to run on natural gas, also identifying the limiting factors of power in these types of engines. Giving the importance of the compression rate on the Diesel to Otto cycle conversion, the evaluation of the Perkins processed engine happened under the influence of three different rates: 7.6:1; 8.7:1 and 12.3:1. For each compressed rate, and stoichiometric mixture, the task was to choose the spark advance to guarantee best performances to the engine. All tests were performed with a hydraulic dynamometer. The results showed that, the best combination of those parameters are not sufficient to ensure the highest performance of a diesel converted engine. There was a consubstantial rise in temperature of the exhaust gases and on the turbine walls, due to the increase in the exhaust gases volume, compared to that of the burnt gases withdrawn from the original engine, impairing the efficiency and lifespan of the engine components. It was found, by energetic analysis, the compression ratio of 8.7:1, was the most efficient, among the other two, assuring the engine its best performance. As expected, at the compression rate of 7.6:1 the exhaust gases presented the highest temperatures. At compression ratio of 12.3:1 the gas emissions of the converted engine delivered highest NOx level and the lowest level of unburned hydrocarbons at the exhaust. Keywords: Diesel Turbocharged Engine. Diesel to Otto Cycle Conversion Process. Natural Gas. Performance. Energy Balance
Um grande número de empresas nacionais faz uso de grupos geradores a diesel como opção à eletricidade fornecida pela concessionária local. O emprego de grupos geradores é comum durante as horas de pico, que no Brasil, ocorrem entre as 17 e 22 h. Tais aparatos, juntamente com os motores veiculares a diesel têm contribuído para o grande aumento da poluição ambiental, uma vez que a queima deste combustível se faz com grande emissão de particulados, de NOx e de SOx. O gás natural é considerado uma alternativa ao uso do diesel por possuir um alto poder calorífico, queima limpa, e adequada octanagem para o ciclo Otto. O presente trabalho trata da análise de desempenho de um motor Perkins turboalimentado, a diesel, modelo 1104C-44TA, convertido para funcionar apenas com gás natural, identificando ainda, os fatores limitadores de potência nestes tipos de motores. Considerando a importância da taxa de compressão no processo de ottolização, o motor convertido foi avaliado sob a influência de três diferentes taxas: 7,6:1; 8,7:1 e 12,3:1. Para tanto, foram selecionados avanços de ignição que ao interagir com a mistura próxima da estequiométrica garantisse ao funcionamento do motor as melhores condições de desempenho, para cada taxa de compressão escolhida. Os ensaios foram feitos com o auxílio de um dinamômetro hidráulico e os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que, na prática, tais parâmetros não são suficientes para se assegurar os melhores desempenhos em um motor diesel ottolizado. Foi observado um aumento consubstancial na temperatura dos gases de exaustão e na turbina, em virtude da ampliação do volume dos gases de escapamento com relação àquele observado no motor original, com prejuízos para a eficiência e a própria vida útil do motor. Verificou-se, através das análises energéticas, que a taxa de compressão de 8,7:1 permitiu ao motor seu melhor desempenho, com relação à outras experimentadas. Como esperado, o motor operando na taxa de 7,6:1 produziu as mais elevadas temperaturas dos gases de exaustão. Com respeito às emissões gasosas, o motor convertido com taxa de compressão de 12,3:1 emitiu o maior nível de NOx e o menor nível de hidrocarbonetos não queimados
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Books on the topic "Natural gas conversion"

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Natural Gas Conversion Symposium (1990 Oslo, Norway). Natural gas conversion: Proceedings of the Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Oslo, August 12-17, 1990. Edited by Holmen A, Jens K. -J, and Kolboe S. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Natural Gas Conversion Symposium (3rd 1993 Sydney, N.S.W.). Natural gas conversion II: Proceedings of the Third Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Sydney, July 4-9, 1993. Edited by Curry-Hyde H. E and Howe R. 1948-. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.

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Natural Gas Conversion Symposium (6th 2001 Girdwood, Alaska). Natural gas conversion VI: Proceedings of the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, June 17-22, 2001, Alaska, USA. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.

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Natural, Gas Conversion (7th 2004 Dalian Shi China). Natural gas conversion VII: Proceedings of the 7th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, June 6-10, 2004, Dalian, China. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

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Natural, Gas Conversion Symposium (8th 2007 Natal Brazil). Natural gas conversion VIII: Proceedings of the 8th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Natal, Brazil, May 27-31, 2007. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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M, De Pontes, ed. Natural gas conversion IV: Proceedings of the 4th International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Kruger Park, South Africa, November 19-23, 1995. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.

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International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium (5th 1998 Giardini-Naxos, Italy, and Taormina, Italy). Natural gas conversion V: Proceedings of the Fifth International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Giardini Naxos-Taormina, Italy, September 20-25, 1998. Edited by Parmaliana A. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1998.

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Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Modern dry cleaners: Conversion to natural gas cuts delivery van fuel costs in half. Ottawa: Natural Resources Canada, 1996.

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Operations, United States Congress House Committee on Government. Natural gas vehicle use by the U.S. Postal Service: The benefits of fleet conversion : thirty-seventh report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Natural gas vehicle use by the U.S. Postal Service: The benefits of fleet conversion : thirty-seventh report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural gas conversion"

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Yenjaichon, Wisarn, Farzam Fotovat, and John R. Grace. "NATURAL GAS CONVERSION." In Multiphase Reactor Engineering for Clean and Low-Carbon Energy Applications, 313–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119251101.ch10.

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"Conversion factors." In Natural Gas, 393–95. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809570-6.00024-2.

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"Conversion Factors." In Natural Gas, 209–10. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-933762-14-2.50014-5.

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Mutanga, Shingirirai Savious. "Natural gas conversion:." In Breakthrough: Corporate South Africa in a Green Economy, 112–34. Africa Institute of South Africa, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh8r23w.13.

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Solbakken, Åge. "Synthesis Gas Production." In Natural Gas Conversion, 447–55. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60111-1.

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"Edited by." In Natural Gas Conversion, iii. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60053-1.

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"Copyright Page." In Natural Gas Conversion, iv. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60054-3.

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"Preface." In Natural Gas Conversion, xi. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60055-5.

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"Organizing Committee." In Natural Gas Conversion, xii. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60056-7.

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Lunsford, J. H. "The Catalytic Conversion of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons." In Natural Gas Conversion, 3–13. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60057-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural gas conversion"

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Wegeng, Robert S., Christopher J. Pestak, and John Mankins. "Hybrid Solar/Natural Gas Power System." In 11th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3674.

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Gongaware, D. F. "Conversion of a Waste Gas to Liquid Natural Gas." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGEINEERING: Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference - CEC. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1774670.

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Wyczalek, Floyd. "Natural Gas Bridge-U.S. Energy Independence Initiative." In 7th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4640.

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Roberts, Rory A., Sean R. Nuzum, and Mitch Wolff. "Liquefied Natural Gas as the Next Aviation Fuel." In 13th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4247.

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Gurski, Bill, John Guarco, and Nando Nunziante. "Solid Fuel to Natural Gas Conversions for Circulating Fluid Bed Boilers." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32258.

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Recent discoveries of vast natural gas reserves in the United States have led to increased domestic natural gas production, resulting in lower prices. Utility and large industrial facilities are performing solid fuel conversions on their boilers to natural gas as a cost-effective and efficient fuel solution. Natural gas is not only economically beneficial but also environmentally efficient with cheaper prices and reduced SO2, NOx, and CO2 emissions. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently released mandatory requirements that directly affect the cost effective operation of solid fuel boilers, resulting in natural gas becoming a more economically appealing choice of fuel for facility operators. As more facilities consider boiler fuel conversions, it is important to understand all facets of the conversion, from the thermal evaluation of the boiler, to the complete design, supply and installation of the new firing system. Zeeco will provide specific details and recommended practices from a recent Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Boiler solid fuel conversion to natural gas application designed for 1.3 billion Btu/hr of heat input for the maximum continuous steam rating. The information will detail the boiler conversion from a solid fuel fluid bed to a 100% natural gas fired boiler design. Thermal performance results, design and supply of the complete new gas firing system, and installation conversion assistance for the boiler modifications and firing system installation details are also provided.
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Gettel, L. E., and G. C. Perry. "Natural Gas Conversion Systems for Heavy Duty Truck Engines." In Future Transportation Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911663.

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Agee, Mark A. "Gas to Liquids (GTL) Conversion: A New Option for Monetizing Natural Gas." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-055.

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A new process for converting natural gas into liquid fuels and other petroleum products is described, as is the increased market opportunity this technology portends for gas turbine manufacturers. The GTL technology, developed by Syntroleum Corporation, utilizes Autothermal Reforming with air to produce a nitrogen-diluted synthesis gas having a near ideal ratio for converting into synthetic hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. A proprietary catalyst system achieves conversion rates comparable to conventional F-T processes without the need for recycling. This results in plant capital costs low enough to make conversion of remote and/or sub-quality gas into synthetic fuels economical at current oil prices. The process is energy self-sufficient and compact enough to be constructed in small sizes for plants in remote areas, including floating or platform facilities to utilize offshore gas reserves. It can also be scaled up for 50,000 BPD or larger applications.
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Lun, Liyong, and Yingbai Xie. "Gas Turbine Cycle Recovering Pressure Energy of Natural Gas Transportation Pipelines by Vortex Tube." In 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5779.

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Chapman, James, Daniel Erb, Lloyd Crawford, and N. Johanson. "Use of natural gas as fuel for MHD central power generation." In Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3907.

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Lee, Jin, Chan Lee, and Hyung Kim. "Performance analysis and advanced design concepts of natural gas fired combined cycle." In Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-4072.

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Reports on the topic "Natural gas conversion"

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Gondouin, M. Natural gas conversion process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5979186.

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Skone, Timothy J. Natural Gas Energy Conversion by GTSC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509410.

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Skone, Timothy J. Natural Gas Energy Conversion U.S. Fleet Average. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509411.

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Sackinger, W. M., V. A. Kamath, B. L. Morgan, and R. W. Airey. Natural gas conversion to higher hydrocarbons using plasma interactions with surfaces. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10177925.

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Dagle, Robert A., Vanessa Dagle, Mark D. Bearden, Jamelyn D. Holladay, Theodore R. Krause, and Shabbir Ahmed. An Overview of Natural Gas Conversion Technologies for Co-Production of Hydrogen and Value-Added Solid Carbon Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1411934.

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Winiarski, D. W. Performance and economic evaluation of the seahorse natural gas hot water heater conversion at Fort Stewart. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/187237.

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Winiarski, D. W. Performance and economic evaluation of the seahorse natural gas hot water heater conversion at Fort Stewart. Interim report, 1994 Summer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115902.

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Thomas, C. P., P. C. Kong, and B. A. Detering. Feasibility study to evaluate plasma quench process for natural gas conversion applications. [Quarterly report], July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10119388.

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Mays, Jeff. A Modular Heat Engine for the Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Hydrogen and Power using Hydrogen Turbines - Phase I Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615341.

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Motta, R. C., K. J. Kelly, and W. W. Warnock. Compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas conversions: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory`s experience. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/257404.

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