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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural Diets'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Beatrice Mukandungutse, Isabelle, James K. Tuitoek, Anthony M. King’ori, and Meshack A. Obonyo. "The Effect of Fermented Aflatoxins Contaminated Feed on Digestibility and Performance of Broiler Chickens." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 22, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.3.

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Poultry is susceptible to mycotoxicoses caused by aflatoxins. Two experiments were carried out, where twenty-four, 28days old and 144 one-day-old broilers were assigned to six diets respectively. The diets were: diet1 (no aflatoxin and not fermented), diet2 (no aflatoxin and fermented without yeast), diet3 (no aflatoxin and fermented with yeast), diet4 (contained aflatoxin and not fermented), diet5 (contained aflatoxin and fermented without yeast) and diet6 (contained aflatoxin fermented with yeast). The aflatoxins were 20.034 and 30.08ppb for the first and second experiments respectively. In the first experiment, each diet was assigned to 4 chickens for 7days adaptation and 7days for feces and leftover collection. The feces were oven dried for the determination of dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and nitrogen (MN). In the second experiment, each diet was assigned to six chicks, replicated 4 times for 21days. Leftovers and mortalities were recorded daily and chicks were weighed on a weekly basis. The results showed that DMD and MN were significantly (p<0.05) affected by fermentation. Natural fermentation improved DMD of the clean and contaminated diets. No difference found in feed intake and body weight gain. However, gain: feed ratio was significantly (p=0.048) better in broilers fed diets fermented naturally. The mortality rate was 75.0% in chicks fed on aflatoxin diet which was not fermented. Therefore, natural fermentation is the best method of improving the quality of aflatoxin contaminated feed for broilers.
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2

Argumedo Hernández, U. "HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS DE Haliotis spp. Y BASES NUTRICIONALES PARA SU MANEJO." CICIMAR Oceánides 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v22i1-2.34.

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La mayor parte del conocimiento sobre la dieta de abulón emana de bases empíricas bajo condiciones de cultivo, sobre todo en las primeras etapas de vida. Así mismo la mayoría de estos estudios se hacen con adultos y enfocados sobre macroalgas, las cuales albergan un gran número de especies de diatomeas epifitas que podrían estar enriqueciendo la dieta del abulón. Sin embargo, al segregarse de los estudios de contenido intestinal éstas podrían estar subestimadas. El suministro empírico de pocos taxa de diatomeas en la dieta de juveniles de abulón en cultivo no corresponde con el gran número de diatomeas encontradas en contenidos intestinales de organismos del medio natural. De tal forma, su uso como alimento en cultivo requiere de mayor base científica; observaciones hechas con dietas combinadas a base de macroalga y diatomeas parecen ser mejor opción. Por otro lado, una dieta artificial para abulones adultos que busque sustituir el uso de macroalgas disminuyendo costos de producción, dependerá de la información de los requerimientos nutricionales y del aprovechamiento de la fuente de alimento por las distintas especies de abulón, lo cual se desconoce, sobre todo en relación con su dieta natural. Las dietas mixtas proveen más nutrientes esenciales, a diferencia de dietas monoespecíficas en las cuales se puede presentar deficiencia en uno o más nutrientes. Finalmente el sabor del músculo de abulón al ser alimentado con dietas artificiales puede ser diferente al que se obtiene con dietas naturales, reflejándose en una menor aceptación del producto en el mercado. Feeding habits of Haliotis spp. And nutritional basis for its Management Most of the knowledge on abalone diet rises from empirical bases under cultured conditions,especially during its early life stages. Likewise, most of these studies have been made on adults and are focused on macroalgae, which harbor a large number of epiphytic diatom species that could enrich the abalone diet. Nevertheless, when these are segregated its diet contribution could be underestimated. The empiric supply of few diatom taxa on juvenile cultured abalone do not correspond to the large number of diatoms observed in intestinal contents of wild specimens. Likewise, their use as food for cultured abalone needs a larger scientific base; meanwhile combined diets using macroalgae and diatoms seems to be a better alternative. On the other hand, an artificial diet for adult abalones as an alternative for the macroalgal diet with lower production costs, will depend on the information about nutrimental requirements and the use of food sources by different abalone species, which is unknown, especially in relation with their natural diet. On the plus side, mixed diets provide more essential nutrients than the mono-specific diets which can be lacking in one or more nutrients. Also, it has to be taken into account that the flavor of abalone meat fed with artificial diets could be different than that obtained with natural diets and could result in less acceptance of the product in the market
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3

Argumedo Hernández, U. "HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS DE Haliotis spp. Y BASES NUTRICIONALES PARA SU MANEJO." CICIMAR Oceánides 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v22i1-2.34.

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La mayor parte del conocimiento sobre la dieta de abulón emana de bases empíricas bajo condiciones de cultivo, sobre todo en las primeras etapas de vida. Así mismo la mayoría de estos estudios se hacen con adultos y enfocados sobre macroalgas, las cuales albergan un gran número de especies de diatomeas epifitas que podrían estar enriqueciendo la dieta del abulón. Sin embargo, al segregarse de los estudios de contenido intestinal éstas podrían estar subestimadas. El suministro empírico de pocos taxa de diatomeas en la dieta de juveniles de abulón en cultivo no corresponde con el gran número de diatomeas encontradas en contenidos intestinales de organismos del medio natural. De tal forma, su uso como alimento en cultivo requiere de mayor base científica; observaciones hechas con dietas combinadas a base de macroalga y diatomeas parecen ser mejor opción. Por otro lado, una dieta artificial para abulones adultos que busque sustituir el uso de macroalgas disminuyendo costos de producción, dependerá de la información de los requerimientos nutricionales y del aprovechamiento de la fuente de alimento por las distintas especies de abulón, lo cual se desconoce, sobre todo en relación con su dieta natural. Las dietas mixtas proveen más nutrientes esenciales, a diferencia de dietas monoespecíficas en las cuales se puede presentar deficiencia en uno o más nutrientes. Finalmente el sabor del músculo de abulón al ser alimentado con dietas artificiales puede ser diferente al que se obtiene con dietas naturales, reflejándose en una menor aceptación del producto en el mercado. Feeding habits of Haliotis spp. And nutritional basis for its Management Most of the knowledge on abalone diet rises from empirical bases under cultured conditions,especially during its early life stages. Likewise, most of these studies have been made on adults and are focused on macroalgae, which harbor a large number of epiphytic diatom species that could enrich the abalone diet. Nevertheless, when these are segregated its diet contribution could be underestimated. The empiric supply of few diatom taxa on juvenile cultured abalone do not correspond to the large number of diatoms observed in intestinal contents of wild specimens. Likewise, their use as food for cultured abalone needs a larger scientific base; meanwhile combined diets using macroalgae and diatoms seems to be a better alternative. On the other hand, an artificial diet for adult abalones as an alternative for the macroalgal diet with lower production costs, will depend on the information about nutrimental requirements and the use of food sources by different abalone species, which is unknown, especially in relation with their natural diet. On the plus side, mixed diets provide more essential nutrients than the mono-specific diets which can be lacking in one or more nutrients. Also, it has to be taken into account that the flavor of abalone meat fed with artificial diets could be different than that obtained with natural diets and could result in less acceptance of the product in the market
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4

Avila, C., and A. M. Kuzirian. "Natural Diets for Hermissenda crassicornis Mariculture." Biological Bulletin 189, no. 2 (October 1995): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/bblv189n2p237.

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5

Kleppel, GS, D. Frazel, RE Pieper, and DV Holliday. "Natural diets of zooplankton off southern California." Marine Ecology Progress Series 49 (1988): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps049231.

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6

Jelita Sari, Novalia, and Djoko Prijono. "PERKEMBANGAN DAN REPRODUKSI CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) PADA PAKAN ALAMI DAN SEMIBUATAN." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 4, no. 2 (September 16, 2004): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2453-61.

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Development and reproduction of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on natural and artificial diets. Development and reproduction of Crocidolomia pavonana on natural and artificial diets were studied in the laboratory (25.2 ± 0.9 C; 84.6% ± 6.7% RH; ca. 12 h photophase). The natural diets tested were broccoli, cabbage, chinese cabbage, and cauliflower leaves. The artificial diets used were agar–based general lepidopteran diets mixed with red bean or broccoli leaves, and supplemented with vitamins and microbial inhibitors. Observation of insect development was done since the egg stage. After the eggs hatched, larvae were kept singly in plastic cups and fed with appropriate diets. Fifty larvae were used for each diet. Records were kept with regard to the duration of each larval instar, pupal period, and the pupal weight. The emerging adults were paired, and then the number of dead adults and that of eggs laid were recorded daily. On all the natural diets tested, the larval stage of C. pavonana passed through four instars. The egg incubation, total larval developmental, and pupal period of C. pavonana on chinese cabbage were the shortest compared to those on the other natural diets. The pupal weight, however, was the highest on broccoli, followed by that on chinese cabbage, cabbage, and cauliflower. The female fecundity was also the highest on broccoli (average 258 eggs/female) followed by that on chinese cabbage (212), cauliflower (162), and cabbage (102). Broccoli diet also yielded adults with the longest lifespan although the adult lifespan on broccoli was not significantly different from that on the other natural diets, except that of males on cabbage. C. pavonana failed to develop successfully on six kinds of artificial diets tested. The best artificial diet (broccoli–based diet with microbial inhibitors 20% of the normal amount) only yielded two males and five females with deformed wings, but none of the emerging females produced eggs.
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7

Iji, P. A., and D. R. Tivey. "Natural and synthetic oligosaccharides in broiler chicken diets." World's Poultry Science Journal 54, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps19980010.

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8

Boyle, David, Kevin V. Brix, Heidi Amlund, Anne-Katrine Lundebye, Christer Hogstrand, and Nic R. Bury. "Natural Arsenic Contaminated Diets Perturb Reproduction in Fish." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 14 (July 2008): 5354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800230w.

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9

Bielohuby, Maximilian, Karin Bodendorf, Heinz Brandstetter, Martin Bidlingmaier, and Ellen Kienzle. "Predicting metabolisable energy in commercial rat diets: physiological fuel values may be misleading." British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 10 (January 5, 2010): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711450999345x.

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Knowledge about metabolisable energy (ME) intake is crucial for various experimental settings in rodent studies. ME considers faecal and renal energy losses. In particular, faecal energy excretion can vary considerably between differentially composed diets. Thus determination of faecal energy losses, i.e. apparent energy digestibility, is the most important experimental approach to determine ME. Predictive equations for ME such as Atwater factors or an equation for pigs, which are frequently employed for rodent feed, consider an average energy digestibility for nutrients and average renal losses for protein. Both equations, however, were never validated for rat feed. We therefore determined experimentally the digestibility of energy (experimentally determined digestible energy − 5·2 kJ/g digestible protein) and nutrients of eleven natural and five purified rat diets and compared the present results with the predicted values. Compared with natural diets, digestibility of gross energy (GE) and nutrients was higher by about 20 % in the purified diets (P < 0·0001). Mean GE digestibility in natural diets amounted to 71·4 % (range 53·3–83·5 %;n11). Atwater factors predicted ME with satisfactory accuracy in purified diets. In contrast, for natural diets, only the equation for pig feed gave acceptable estimates of ME. Choosing an inappropriate predictive equation for ME resulted in considerable error. For prediction of ME in mixed rat feed, we propose to use the equation for pig feed for natural diets and Atwater factors for purified diets. If the equation for pig feed cannot be applied we suggest using the lower modified Atwater factors instead of the ‘original’ Atwater factors to estimate the ME of a diet.
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10

Santos, Regiane R., Marjolein A. M. Oosterveer-van der Doelen, Monique H. G. Tersteeg-Zijderveld, Francesc Molist, Miklós Mézes, and Ronette Gehring. "Susceptibility of Broiler Chickens to Deoxynivalenol Exposure via Artificial or Natural Dietary Contamination." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040989.

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Multi-mycotoxin contamination of poultry diets is a recurrent problem, even if the mycotoxins levels are below EU recommendations. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main studied mycotoxins due to its risks to animal production and health. When evaluating the effects of DON, one must consider that under practical conditions diets will not be contaminated solely with this mycotoxin. In the present study, broiler chickens were fed diets with negligible mycotoxin levels or with naturally or artificially contaminated diets containing approximately 4000 μg/kg DON. Birds were sampled at D14 and D28. Naturally-contaminated diets caused the most harm to the birds, especially the young ones, which presented decreased jejunal villus height and increased lesions, down-regulation of a peptide transporter. At D28 broiler chickens seemed to have adapted to the dietary conditions, when no differences were observed in villus morphometry, together with up-regulation of a carbohydrate transporter. However, intestinal lesions remained present in these older birds.
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11

Pelicano, ERL, PA Souza, HBA Souza, A. Oba, EA Norkus, LM Kodawara, and TMA Lima. "Performance of broilers fed diets containing natural growth promoters." Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 6, no. 4 (December 2004): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-635x2004000400007.

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12

Riahi, Elham, Yaghoub Fathipour, Ali Asghar Talebi, and Mohammad Mehrabadi. "Natural diets versus factitious prey: comparative effects on development, fecundity and life table of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Systematic and Applied Acarology 22, no. 5 (May 11, 2017): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.5.10.

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Using the most suitable alternative diets that are easily available and less expensive than the natural diets may give rise to reduce the rearing costs of natural enemies. Alternative or additional food used for this purpose should be in accordance with the food spectrum of the respective mite species. To our knowledge no information is accessible on the comparison between natural diets and factitious prey for Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of three natural diets including almond pollen, maize pollen and Tetranychus urticae Koch, as well as four factitious prey comprising eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), decapsulated and encapsulated cysts of Artemia franciscana Leach for A. swirskii. The data would seem to suggest that developmental time of individuals fed on pollens was shorter than that of those fed on factitious prey. The gross and net reproductive rate, intrinsic and finite rate of increase of the individuals consumed factitious prey were lower than those of mites fed on natural food diets, for the simple reason of shorter developmental time and higher oviposition rate of this predator on the latter. In conclusion, our results showed that natural foods were more favorable than factitious prey and among them almond pollen and maize pollen were the most suitable for A. swirskii, and thus it should be taken into account for application in its mass production, and supporting its population in greenhouse or field conditions when used in an augmentative approach.
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13

Rodgers, Arthur R., and Martin C. Lewis. "Diet selection in Arctic lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus): forage availability and natural diets." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-253.

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We describe forage availability and diets of the lemmings Lemmus sibiricus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus at Igloolik Island, Northwest Territories. Summer and winter diets of Dicrostonyx were dominated by the evergreen shrub Dryas integrifolia and supplemented by the deciduous shrub Salix arctica. Lemmus ate mainly graminoids and some mosses in summer but the reverse in winter. In both species, winter diets were similar in different habitats. Comparison with diets of lemmings in Alaska show sufficient similarity to explain the synchrony of population fluctuations over wide geographical areas. Site-specific differences occur, however, and these are accounted for by an examination of the diet selection process in each species. These differences have important implications for the demography of lemmings at different sites.
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Missirian, Giani L. B., Manoel A. Uchôa-Fernandes, and Erich Fischer. "Development of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Navás) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae), in laboratory, with different natural diets." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23, no. 4 (December 2006): 1044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752006000400009.

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Antlions larvae are sit-and-wait predators that capture arthropod prey in conical sand pits. The aim of this paper were to determine the effect of different natural diets [leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp.), fruit fly larvae (Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata) and mixed diet (Atta spp. plus fruit fly larvae)] on the development of larvae and pupae of M. brasiliensis (Navás, 1914) and to estimate the number and size of prey caught in each instar and on each kind of diet. The average duration (days) of the second and third instars of M. brasiliensis was longer when larvae of antlion were fed with leaf-cutting ants. The diets did not affect the duration of the pupal stage nor the pupae size. The different diets did not affect the mean width of head capsule (mm), the mean weight (mg) or the mean body size (mm) in the different instars of M. brasiliensis. In the second and third instars, the larvae of M. brasiliensis fed with leaf-cutting ants consumed more prey than larvae kept on other diets. Adults whose larvae were fed fruit fly larvae were larger than adults on other diets. Although Myrmeleontidae are few studied in Brazil, these results contribute to knowledge of M. brasiliensis biology, but also suggest the need of studies about the development of larvae and pupae in natural environments.
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15

Pereira, Ricardo, Mónica Costa, Cristina Velasco, Luís M. Cunha, Rui C. Lima, Luís F. Baião, Sónia Batista, et al. "Comparative Analysis between Synthetic Vitamin E and Natural Antioxidant Sources from Tomato, Carrot and Coriander in Diets for Market-Sized Dicentrarchus labrax." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040636.

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Synthetic vitamin E is commonly used in aquafeeds to prevent oxidative stress in fish and delay feed and flesh oxidation during storage, but consumers’ preferences tend towards natural antioxidant sources. The potential of vegetable antioxidants-rich coproducts, dried tomato (TO), carrot (CA) and coriander (CO) was compared to that of synthetic vitamin E included in diets at either a regular (CTRL; 100 mg kg−1) or reinforced dose (VITE; 500 mg kg−1). Natural antioxidants were added at 2% to the CTRL. Mixes were then extruded and dried, generating five experimental diets that were fed to European sea bass juveniles (114 g) over 12 weeks. Vitamin E and carotenoid content of extruded diets showed signs of degradation. The experimental diets had very limited effects on fish growth or body composition, immunomodulatory response, muscle and liver antioxidant potential, organoleptic properties or consumer acceptance. Altogether, experimental findings suggest that neither a heightened inclusion dose of 500 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, nor a 2% inclusion of natural antioxidants provided additional antioxidant protection, compared to fish fed diets including the regular dose of 100 mg kg−1 of vitamin E.
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16

Devi, M. Soniya, and Rabinder Kaur. "Effect of different artificial diets on the adults biological attributes of sugarcane stalk borer, Chilo auricilius Dudgeon and evaluation of their costs." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.568.

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different artificial diets on the adult’s biological attributes of sugarcane stalk borer (Chilo auricilius Dudgeon) and their costs. Considering the mean values of first and second generation the maximum adult emergence (80.66 and 79.25), longer adult longevity (4.29 and 4.28), highest fecundity (233.45 and 225.98) and viability of egg (216.25 and 208.74) was recorded on diets A and C. Also the sex-ratio on diets A (M:F::1:1.16) and C (M:F::1:1) favoured the emergence of more number of females thanmales during development. On the basis of the economics also the artificial diets D, C and A (Rs. 48.62, Rs. 48.32, Rs. 103.43, respectively) were found relatively cheaper than the natural food (Rs 166.67). Thus, the overall performance of C. auricilius on diets A and C was found comparatively better than the other diets examined. Therefore, it can be used as an alternate diet other than natural diet E (sugarcane) for the mass rearing of C. auricilius in the laboratory.
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17

Joshua, Wizilla Janti, Mohd Salleh Kamarudin, Natrah Ikhsan, Fatimah Md Yusoff, and Zarirah Zulperi. "Development of enriched Artemia and Moina in larviculture of fish and crustaceans: a review." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 50, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol50-issue2-fulltext-2840.

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Inconsistencies in the nutritional values of live food such as Artemia and Moina are well-known issues. The enrichment of live food is necessary to obtain the optimum nutrients needed for the growth, survival, and immune competence of fish and crustaceans' larvae. The enhanced growth and survival of fish and crustaceans' larvae are vital to continuous aquaculture production. However, enriched live food could be species-specific as various aquatic larval species may respond differently to the enrichment diets. The enrichment of Artemia and Moina as the "bags of nutrients" has been widely studied and involved various enrichment diets such as commercial diets containing essential fatty acids, highly unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin C. The use of natural enrichment diets such as yeast, microalgae, and herbal extract, including the common name Chinese chaste tree leaf (Vitex negundo), is becoming popular in aquaculture nutritional development. These natural enrichment diets are more economical and environmentally friendly than commercial diets. The compositions of Artemia and Moina are both affected by the enrichment diets that they consumed, hence directly affecting the growth of the larvae that fed on them. Hence, this review highlights the development of enriched Artemia and Moina and their effects on the growth performance and the immune competence of fish and crustaceans' larvae.
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18

Pangle, Kevin L., Trent M. Sutton, and Paul B. Brown. "Evaluation of Practical and Natural Diets for Juvenile Lake Herring." North American Journal of Aquaculture 65, no. 2 (April 2003): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(2003)65<91:eopand>2.0.co;2.

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19

Krasnova, O. A., Ye V. Khardina, and S. A. Khramov. "EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL FEED ADDITIVES IN COW FEEDING DIETS-HEIFERS'." Bulletin of Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, no. 2 (2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48012/1817-5457_2020_2_30.

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20

Abaza, I. M., M. A. Shehata, M. S. Shoieb, and I. I. Hassan. "Evaluation of Some Natural Feed Additive in Growing Chicks Diets." International Journal of Poultry Science 7, no. 9 (August 15, 2008): 872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.872.879.

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21

Cohen, R. W., G. P. Waldbauer, and S. Friedman. "Natural diets and self-selection: Heliothis zea larvae and maize." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 46, no. 2 (February 1988): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb01107.x.

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22

A., Schnetzer, and Steinberg D. "Natural diets of vertically migrating zooplankton in the Sargasso Sea." Marine Biology 141, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0815-8.

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23

A., Schnetzer, and Steinberg D. "Natural diets of vertically migrating zooplankton in the Sargasso Sea." Marine Biology 141, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0917-3.

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24

Ivanova, Inna Evgenievna, and Natalya Vasilievna Pavlova. "USING A NATURAL ORIGIN FEED ADDITIVE IN SPORT HORSES DIETS." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 11 (2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2022-11-77-83.

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25

Rogaska, Anna, Julita Reguła, Joanna Suliburska, and Zbigniew Krejpcio. "A Comparative Study of the Bioavailability of Fe, Cu and Zn from Gluten-Free Breads Enriched with Natural and Synthetic Additives." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121853.

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The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of iron, copper and zinc from newly designed gluten-free breads enriched with natural and synthetic additives. The study was conducted on rats with induced Fe, Cu and Zn deficiency. The nutritional intervention with diets supplemented with a 70% addition of gluten-free breads enriched with natural additives and organic compounds to the control diet AIN-93M lasted 40 days. After the intervention, the rats were euthanized, the organs were collected and their mineral content was measured. Chemical analysis of diets with the addition of fortified gluten-free breads showed significantly higher amounts of iron, zinc and copper in diets with the addition of fortified breads compared to diets with the addition of unenriched breads. The type of additives did not influence the amount of minerals in diets. It is necessary to conduct further research to explain the interactions of ingredients and the factors affecting the bioavailability of Fe, Cu and Zn from gluten-free breads in order to obtain a product with a high bioavailability of these ingredients.
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Fresán, Ujué, and Joan Sabaté. "Vegetarian Diets: Planetary Health and Its Alignment with Human Health." Advances in Nutrition 10, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019): S380—S388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz019.

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ABSTRACT To maintain planetary health, human activities must limit the use of Earth's resources within finite boundaries and avoid environmental degradation. At present, food systems account for a substantial use of natural resources and contribute considerably to climate change, degradation of land, water use, and other impacts, which in turn threaten human health through food insecurity. Additionally, current dietary patterns, rich in animal products and excessive in calories, are detrimental to both population and planetary health. In order to resolve the diet-environment-health trilemma, population-level dietary changes are essential. Vegetarian diets are reported to be healthy options. Most plant-sourced foods are less resource intense and taxing on the environment than the production of animal-derived foods, particularly meat and dairy from ruminants. This review article explores simultaneously the environmental sustainability of vegetarian diets, and its alignment with people's health. In general, the progression from omnivorous to ovolactovegetarian and vegan diets is associated with increased environmental sustainability. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from vegan and ovolactovegetarian diets are ∼50% and ∼35% lower, respectively, than most current omnivore diets, and with corresponding reductions in the use of natural resources. Concomitant health benefits could be obtained by shifting from current dietary patterns to sustainable vegetarian diets. Thus, there seems to be an alignment of health and environmental outcomes for vegetarian diets. Although this shows the human health and environmental sustainability benefits of vegetarian diets in high-income countries, questions remain about the challenges in other contexts and the political will to promote meat-free diets as the social norm.
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Meyer, Hilary A., Steven R. Chipps, Brian D. S. Graeb, and Robert A. Klumb. "Growth, Food Consumption, and Energy Status of Juvenile Pallid Sturgeon Fed Natural or Artificial Diets." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/082015-jfwm-076.

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Abstract Stocking of hatchery-raised fish is an important part of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus recovery program. In the wild, juvenile pallid sturgeon consume primarily aquatic insects, although little is known about specific dietary needs. In hatchery settings, pallid sturgeon are fed commercial diets that are formulated for salmonids. To compare food consumption, growth, and energy status of pallid sturgeon fed artificial or natural diets, we conducted a laboratory study using 24 juvenile pallid sturgeon (initial fork length 153–236 mm). Pallid sturgeon were fed a daily ration of either commercial pellets (1 mm, slow sinking; 45% protein, 19% fat) or chironomid larvae for 5 wk. Natural-fed pallid sturgeon exhibited a greater specific growth rate (2.12% d−1) than pellet-fed fish (0.06% d−1). Similarly, relative condition was greater for natural-fed sturgeon (Kn = 1.11) than that observed for pellet-fed fish (Kn = 0.87). In contrast, the hepatosomatic index was significantly higher in pellet-fed fish (2.5%), indicating a high lipid diet compared with natural-fed sturgeon (1.4%). Given the importance of natural diets to fish digestion and growth, it is suggested that a more holistic approach be applied in the development of a practical diet for pallid sturgeon that incorporates attributes of natural prey.
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Khatun, Rikta, Md Golam Mostafa, Md Enamul Haque, Saadia Ahmad, and Tahmina Akter. "Formulation and evaluation of the efficacy of an artificial diet for two forensically-important flies." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v3i2.64786.

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The forensically-important Dipteran flies, Lucilia sericata and Megaselia scalaris, complete their life-cycles in perishable, filthy, unhygienic and fowl-smelled natural diets, which hinder the rearing work and the indoor environment of laboratory. To overcome this unhygienic condition, a newly formulated simple, comparatively more hygienic one was prepared and evaluated for the rearing of these two flies. This artificial diet, when compared to their natural diets for rearing at different temperatures, it demonstrated no significant difference for their developmental durations. Statistical analyses proved that the difference between the natural and formulated diet was not responsible for their developmental durations; rather their rearing temperatures played a significant role in this respect. Taken together, these findings showed that the newly formulated artificial diet might facilitate the hygienic and easy rearing of these flies for forensic and medical entomology as well as other research purposes in terms of nutrition, cost-effectiveness and availability of the ingredients of diets. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2018, 3 (2), 86-92
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Rabbane, Md Golam, and Md Rakibur Rahman. "Effects of natural and commercial diets on growth, reproductive performances and embryogenesis of zebrafish Danio rerio." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i2.46399.

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This study evaluated the effects of five diets (diet 1: Dried tubifex, diet 2: Artemia, diet 3: Artemia and commercial pellet feed, diet 4: Spirulina and commercial pellet feed; diet 5: commercial pellet feed) on growth, reproductive performances and embryogenesis of zebrafish Danio rerio for a period of 62 days. Significantly higher specific growth rate was found in diet 5 when compared with diet 1 but no significant difference was observed between diet 2, 3, 4 and 5. Mean weight and length gain were significantly greater in zebrafish fed diet 5 than diets 1 ‐ 4. While 100% survival was found in diet 4, the lowest level was 90.26 ± 1.06% in diet 1. Mean spawning success was significantly higher in zebrafish fed diet 5 than in those fed diets 1 ‐ 4. Mean fertilization and hatching rates were higher in the fish fed diet 3 ‐ 5 than in diets 1 and 2. Zebrafish consumed commercial pellet feed only resulted in more viable offsprings and grown better. Results suggested that commercial pellet is suitable in zebrafish culture for maximum growth and production of viable offspring in laboratory condition. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(2): 159-166, 2017 (July)
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Iraba, Nancy, Saleh Yahya, Jerry Mang'ena, and Fadhil Malesa. "Comparison of growth and survival rates of big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea, 1849) fed on natural and formulated diets in captivity." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 22, no. 1 (June 9, 2023): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v22i1.5.

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Comparative studies on growth and survival rates of Octopus cyanea fed on natural and formulated diets in captivity have never been conducted in Tanzania. This study aimed to investigate the growth and survival rates of O. cyanea using natural and formulated diets. The three formulated diets were made up of a mixture of sardines, fish waste, and alternating ratios of crab paste content across the different diet treatments. Treatment B had 75 % crab paste content, Treatment C had 50 % crab content and Treatment D had 0 % crab content while Treatment A was based on a natural diet of frozen crabs (Scylla serrata) and was used as a control. After five weeks of feeding, the effect of each diet was analyzed on growth performance and survival rates for the octopus. Results showed that there was a significant difference in growth rate in all the diet treatments (H=13.243, p=0.004, DF=3). Specific growth rates (SGR) were higher in octopuses fed in feed treatment A and lowest in feed treatment D. The survival rates were 100 % for treatment A and feed treatment B and 75 % for treatments C and D respectively. More research is needed to develop optimal nutritional diets for faster growth rates of O. cyanea in captivity.
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Bolu, S. A., and O. O. Balogun. "Effects of graded levels of iron-fortified locally produced natural vitamin premix on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 30, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v30i2.1529.

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A feeding trial was conducted using broilers to determine the optimum inclusion levels of locally produced natural vitamin premix (LPNVP) and compare the performance to a commercial vitamin mineral premix(CVMP) commonly sold within Nigeria. Feed intake, weight gain and feed utilization efficiency varied (P<0.05) among the various dietary treatments considered. Feed utilization efficiency and weight gain were inversely related to feed intake for birds fed LPNVP-based diets and these measurements were lower (P<0.05) than values observed for birds fed CVMP based diets. Nutrient retentions were also not influenced (P>0.05) by the various inclusion levels of LPNVP studied, although these criteria were also significantly lower for birds fed LPNVP-based diets compared with birds fed CWMP-based diets. Although, dressing percentage was not affected (P>0.05) by the dietary levels, relative fresh organs and primal cut weights were different (P<0.05) for birds fed the various levels of LPNVP and the control birds fed CVMP-based diets. It was however cheaper (P<0.05) to use LPNVP than CVMP as a source of vitamin for broilers.
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Matmor, Nurul Amirah, Hidayah Manan, Nor Azman Nor Azman, Mohamad Jalilah, Adnan Amin-Safwan, and Mhd Ikhwanuddin. "Gonad Quality of Banana Shrimp Male Broodstock Penaeus merguiensis (DeMan, 1888) Fed Different Natural Diets." Tropical Life Sciences Research 33, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2022.33.2.2.

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A study was carried out to determine the maturation period, quality and quantity of sperms production in Banana shrimp male broodstock, Penaeus merguiensis fed different natural diets. The three different natural diets namely; squid, fish and shrimp flesh used in this study were obtained from known sources and fed to the tested shrimp in triplicate groups. Based on the results obtained, squid seem to be the most effective natural diet as it enhances the sperms maturation within 20 days. Feeding fish and shrimp flesh as diets for the Banana shrimp broodstock resulted in the observation of maturation in 22 and 24 days, respectively. Similarly, squid diet also recorded the highest (p = 0.002; p < 0.05) sperms count (58.6 to 74.5) as compared to fish diet (44.0 to 61.3) or shrimp diet (28.0 to 42.8). Also, feeding squid diet resulted in a higher percentage of live sperms with ranged between 97.75% to 98.80%. On the other hand, broodstocks fed fish and squid flesh was observed with ranges of between 96% to 97.86% and 92.54% to 96.06%, respectively. It was therefore concluded that squid diet was most effective to improve sperm quality, quantity and maturation period in male broodstock of P. merguiensis. Further study should be carried on the reproductive performance of broodstock fed with squid as diets and it effect on the performances of post larvae obtained.
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Chaves, Claudiane Aparecida Rocha, Diogo Alvarenga Miranda, Adriano Geraldo, Luiz Carlos Machado, Jean Kaique Valentim, and Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia. "Natural and synthetic pigments in sorghum-based diets for laying hens." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (April 29, 2022): e53060. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53060.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of yellow natural pigment levels based on Marigold Flower extract (2%) and yellow synthetic pigment (Carophyll Yellow 10%) in sorghum-based rations for commercial laying hens and their influence on bird performance and egg quality. A completely randomized design was adopted with 5 treatments, 6 replicates, and 5 laying hens in each repetition. The treatments evaluated were: Sorghum based diet without supplementation with pigmentant - Negative Control; 150 g t-1 of Yellow Natural Pigment feed; 300 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 450 g t-1 of yellow natural pigment feed; 25 g t-1 of yellow industrial pigment feed. The Tukey test was applied at 5% for the analysis of the variables of performance and quality of the eggs. The variables related to external and internal egg quality and poultry yield performance did not present significant results (p > 0.05). Only the variable color of the yolk obtained significance (p < 0.01), with an increase according to the number of pigments included in the diet. Sorghum can be used together supplementation of natural and synthetic pigments in the diet to improve yolk pigmentation. It is recommended to include 450g t-1 of natural marigold flower pigment feed (2%) in sorghum-based diets for better pigmentation of the yolk in place of 25 g t-1 of yellow synthetic pigmented, by improving the color of the yolk and not interfering in the productive performance of the laying hens and the quality of the eggs.
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Nasim, Muhammad Jawad, Rama Alhasan, Ahmad Yaman Abdin, Faez Alnahas, and Claus Jacob. "Inspired by Nature: Redox Modulators and Natural Nanoparticles." Proceedings 11, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011024.

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Numerous secondary metabolites found in edible plants modulate intracellular redox processes and are suggested to prevent certain diseases, especially in ageing organisms. Since such nutraceuticals provide the basis for new and innovative designer diets and therapies, extracting these substances and their potential from plants has become a focus of research, with nanotechnology and natural nanoparticles at the centre of some of these developments.
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35

Toporowska-Kowalska, Ewa, Andrea Horvath, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, Jarosław Kierkuś, Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn, and Janusz Książyk. "“Real food” enteral formulas in everyday clinical practice." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 19, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2023.0052.

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Enteral nutrition is a component of therapy for children whose ability to take in food by the natural route is impaired but whose gastrointestinal tract capacity still allows for nutrient digestion and absorption. According to guidelines, the optimum types of food for enteral feeding are ready-to-use commercial formulas (food for a special medical purpose, FSMP), which are classified into polymeric, oligomeric and amino acid/elemental. Using a blended kitchen diet as a sole food source is currently not universally recommended due to the higher risk of nutritional deficiencies and contamination with pathogenic microorganisms. However, in everyday practice, given isolated reports indicating their beneficial effects on gastrointestinal function, blended diets are attracting increasing interest and popularity. The so-called “real food” diets, available in some European countries and the USA, are a step towards the standardised and microbiologically safe use of natural nutrients in enteral nutrition. These fall into the category of industrial diets but, in addition to cow’s milk protein, they contain various other natural foods. This article summarises current knowledge on the efficacy and safety of “real food” diets. A small number of studies with limited reliability have been identified, making a joint summary of the obtained results impossible. Despite the limited scientific evidence, the descriptions of various clinical situations presented in the literature show a good clinical response in patients receiving “real food” diets. This suggests that such treatment should be attempted for children with significant gastrointestinal complaints and poor tolerance to standard enteral formulas.
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36

Racette, Susan B., Xiaobo Lin, Lina Ma, and Richard E. Ostlund, Jr. "Natural Dietary Phytosterols." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeracette.

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Abstract Most clinical phytosterol studies are performed by adding purified supplements to smaller phytosterol amounts present in the natural diet. However, natural dietary phytosterols themselves may also have important effects on cholesterol metabolism. Epidemiological work using food frequency questionnaires to estimate dietary intake suggest that extremes of normal consumption may be associated with 3–14% changes in LDL cholesterol. Standardized food databases do not have enough phytosterol values to allow calculation of phytosterol intake for individuals outside of specialized studies. Natural diets contain phytosterol amounts ranging from less than 60 mg/2000 kcal to over 500 mg/2000 kcal. Physiological studies in which whole body cholesterol metabolism is investigated show large effects of natural dietary phytosterols on cholesterol absorption efficiency, cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol excretion which exceed the magnitude of changes in LDL cholesterol. The dual effects of natural phytosterols on both LDL-C and whole body cholesterol metabolism need to be considered in relating them to potential protection from coronary heart disease risk.
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Abdel-ghany, T., H. Abou-ead, M. Abouskken, and Amal Abou Hagar. "Using Bagasse as a natural adsorbent for aflatoxins in rabbit diets." Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesr.2020.136578.

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38

Zakes, Zdzislaw, and Krystyna Demska‐Zakes. "Intensive rearing of juvenileStizostedion lucioperca(Percidae) fed natural and artificial diets." Italian Journal of Zoology 65, sup1 (January 1998): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009809386875.

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39

Buff, P. R., R. A. Carter, J. E. Bauer, and J. H. Kersey. "Natural pet food: A review of natural diets and their impact on canine and feline physiology." Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 3781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-7789.

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40

Ginting, Sempurna, Tri Sunardi, Chaincin Buana Sari, and Risky Hadi Wibowo. "EVALUATION OF VARIOUS NATURAL DIETS FOR MASS REARING OF Spodoptera frugiperda J.E SMITH (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 21, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12143-48.

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Evaluation of various natural diets for mass rearing of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the pests that attack corn in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the most suitable dietfor rearing of S. frugiperda from various natural diets. The study was conducted in vitro. The treatments were consisted ofvariation on S. frugiperda natural diets, such as maize leaf, green mustard leaf, water spinach, sweet potato leaf, sugar caneleaf, and soybeans leaf. The observed variables were life cycle period, pupa size, and pupa weight. The results showed thatthe shortest life cycle period was on corn leaves diet (40.92 days), and the longest was on sugarcane leaves (45.01 days). Thelongest size of pupa were S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (12.86 mm) and corn leaves (12.56 mm), The heaviest pupaweights were observed in S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (0.18 mg), and corn leaves (0.16 mg). Based on the data, it couldbe concluded that corn leaves were the most suitable type of diet for the growth and development of S. frugiperda.
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Ginting, Sempurna, Tri Sunardi, Chaincin Buana Sari, and Risky Hadi Wibowo. "EVALUATION OF VARIOUS NATURAL DIETS FOR MASS REARING OF Spodoptera frugiperda J.E SMITH (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12143-48.

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Evaluation of various natural diets for mass rearing of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the pests that attack corn in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the most suitable diet for rearing of S. frugiperda from various natural diets. The study was conducted in vitro. The treatments were consisted of variation on S. frugiperda natural diets, such as maize leaf, green mustard leaf, water spinach, sweet potato leaf, sugar cane leaf, and soybeans leaf. The observed variables were life cycle period, pupa size, and pupa weight. The results showed that the shortest life cycle period was on corn leaves diet (40.92 days), and the longest was on sugarcane leaves (45.01 days). The longest size of pupa were S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (12.86 mm) and corn leaves (12.56 mm), The heaviest pupa weights were observed in S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (0.18 mg), and corn leaves (0.16 mg). Based on the data, it could be concluded that corn leaves were the most suitable type of diet for the growth and development of S. frugiperda.
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42

Svendsen, Camilla, Jan Alexander, Jan Erik Paulsen, Helle K. Knutsen, Hege Hjertholm, Anne Lise Brantsæter, and Trine Husøy. "The impact of commercial rodent diets on the induction of tumours and flat aberrant crypt foci in the intestine of multiple intestinal neoplasia mice." Laboratory Animals 46, no. 3 (July 2012): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/la.2012.011055.

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A large variation in spontaneous tumour development in the multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mouse model between laboratories has been reported. The composition of the diet might be an important factor. We examined the impact of five commercial rodent diets: the natural ingredient breeding diet Harlan Teklad 2018 (HT), the purified breeding diet AIN93G, the natural ingredient maintenance diet RM1, and the purified maintenance diets AIN93M and AIN76A, on the spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in the Min mouse model. The Min mice were fed one of two breeding diets during gestation and until four weeks of age, thereafter one of the three maintenance diets. Min mice bred on the breeding diet HT had significantly higher numbers and incidences of tumours in the colon, but fewer tumours in the small intestine than the breeding diet AIN93G. The maintenance diet RM1 gave a significantly higher number of small intestinal and colonic tumours and precancerous lesions called flat aberrant crypt foci (ACF) compared with the maintenance diets AIN93M and AIN76A. These findings show the importance of defining the type of diet used in experimental intestinal carcinogenesis studies, and that the diet should be taken into consideration when comparing results from different studies with Min mice.
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Aung, Min, Yin Yin Kyawt, Moe Thidar Htun, Khin San Mu, and Aung Aung. "In vitro fermentation of conventional diets commonly fed to dairy cows in Central Myanmar." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1, no. 3 (October 8, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2016.v1i3.29.

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This study consisted of two experiments conducted to evaluate the effective net gas, fermentation kinetics (experiment 1), methane gas concentration, partitioning factor (PF) for microbial protein synthesis and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (experiment 2) of conventional diets commonly fed to dairy cows in Central Myanmar. The conventional diets from four areas [diet from Sin Tel area (Diet-ST), diet from Myay Ngu area (Diet-MN), diet from Ta Pel area (Diet-TP) and diet from Amarapura area (Diet-AM)] were used as experimental diets in this study. In most of conventional diets, rice straw, sorghum stover and natural grass were used as roughage source and cotton seed cake and broken rice were used as concentrate. However in some diets, sesame residue and butter bean residue were used as roughage source instead of sorghum stover and natural grass. The roughage to concentrate ratio and crude protein (CP) content of conventional diets ranged from 53:47 to 72:28 and 11.46 to 17.96%, respectively. In experiment 1, the effective net gas volume of Diet-TP was lower (p<0.05) than Diet-ST and Diet-AM and generally, the fermentation kinetics (a, b, c and a+b) of Diet-TP were also lower than those of other diets. In the experiment 2, the lower value (p<0.05) of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) was found in Diet-MN and Diet-TP while the higher values (p<0.05) of metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were observed Diet-AM and Diet-TP. Although methane gas concentration of Diet-TP was higher (p<0.05) than those of other diets, the greater values of IVDMD and PF were observed in Diet-TP. According to these findings, it was perceived that all conventional diets have different nutritional qualities which are useful for production and health of dairy cows; however the Diet-TP possessed the highest nutritional qualities among the conventional diets.
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Kudupoje, Manoj B., Venkataramaiah Malathi, and Alexandros Yiannikouris. "Impact of a Natural Fusarial Multi-Mycotoxin Challenge on Broiler Chickens and Mitigation Properties Provided by a Yeast Cell Wall Extract and a Postbiotic Yeast Cell Wall-Based Blend." Toxins 14, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050315.

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Yeast cell wall-based preparations have shown efficacy against Aspergillus-based toxins but have lower impact against type-B trichothecenes. Presently, we investigated a combination of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T2) and zearalenone (ZEA), and the effect of a yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) and a post-biotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) with the objectives of preventing mycotoxins’ negative effects in commercial broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly allocated to: (1) control diet, (aflatoxins 6 µg/kg; cyclopiazonic acid 15 µg/kg; fusaric acid 25 µg/kg; fumonisin B1 310 µg/kg); (2) Diet1 + 0.2% YCWE; (3) Diet1 + 0.2% PYCW; (4) Contaminated diet (3.0 mg/kg DON; 2.17 mg/kg 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 104 g/kg T2; 79 g/kg ZEA); (5) Diet4 + 0.2% YCWE; and (6) Diet4 + 0.2% PYCW. Naturally contaminated diets adversely affected performance, serum biochemistry, liver function, immune response, altered cecal SCFA goblet cell count and architecture of intestinal villi. These adverse effects were reduced in birds fed PYCW and to a lesser extent YCWE, indicating protection against toxic assault. PYCW yielded better production performance and stimulated liver function, with higher response to NDV and IBV vaccination. Furthermore, mycotoxins were found to affect production outputs when evaluated with the European poultry production efficiency factor compared to control or YCWE and PYCW supplemented treatments. Taken together, YCWE, when complemented with nutritional add-ons (PYCW), could potentiate the remediation of the negative effects from a multi mycotoxins dietary challenge in broiler birds.
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Lynch, Heidi, Carol Johnston, and Christopher Wharton. "Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121841.

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Plant-based diets provide well-established physical and environmental health benefits. These benefits stem in part from the degree of restriction of animal-derived foods. Historically, meat and other animal-derived proteins have been viewed as an integral component of athletes’ diets, leading some to question the adequacy of vegetarian or vegan diets for supporting athletic performance. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of plant-based diets on human physical health, environmental sustainability, and exercise performance capacity. Based on currently available literature, it is unlikely that plant-based diets provide advantages, but do not suffer from disadvantages, compared to omnivorous diets for strength, anaerobic, or aerobic exercise performance. However, plant-based diets typically reduce the risk of developing numerous chronic diseases over the lifespan and require fewer natural resources for production compared to meat-containing diets. As such, plant-based diets appear to be viable options for adequately supporting athletic performance while concurrently contributing to overall physical and environmental health. Given the sparse literature comparing omnivore, vegetarian, and vegan athletes, particularly at the elite level, further research is warranted to ascertain differences that might appear at the highest levels of training and athletic performance.
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Hachem, Fatima, Davy Vanham, and Luis A. Moreno. "Territorial and Sustainable Healthy Diets." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 2_suppl (December 2020): 87S—103S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120976253.

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The rapid changes that societies have gone through in the last few decades have led to the increase in the prevalence of malnutrition in all its forms and to the degradation of natural resources and the environment. The change in the dietary habits and production systems are responsible for much of this change. Some territorial diets have been shown as potentially capable of reversing these trends by positively contributing to the health of people and the environment such as the Mediterranean Diet and the New Nordic Diet. In this paper, we review the contribution of these 2 diets to health and nutrition and to environmental, sociocultural, and economic sustainability proposing pertinent indicators. Learning from a culturally established diet and a constructed one, tradeoff could be reached to ensure better health and sustainability outcomes. Strong factors for achieving this goal lie in building on the sociocultural appropriation of diets, having the proper tools and indicators, investing in cross-sector collaboration and policy coherence, and having the necessary political support to push the agenda of sustainability forward.
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O’Brien, Claire L., and David M. Gordon. "Effect of diet and gut dynamics on the establishment and persistence of Escherichia coli." Microbiology 157, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 1375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.047092-0.

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Escherichia coli population dynamics and diversity in rats fed diets differing in their crude fibre content were assessed. Female Wistar rats (n = 40) were fed diets containing 1, 4, 18 or 26 % crude fibre. Animals were housed in pairs, and one animal was inoculated with a phylogroup B1 strain of E. coli, the other with a phylogroup B2 strain. Natural strain transmission was allowed to occur between the animals in each cage. As expected, the diets had a significant effect on gut dynamics. Mean gut retention times were shorter in animals fed the 18 and 26 % crude fibre diets compared with animals on the low-fibre diets. The effect of diet on gastrointestinal dynamics in turn affected E. coli population dynamics and clonal composition. Animals fed the low-fibre diets had higher cell densities than animals fed the high-fibre diets. E. coli populations dominated by phylogroup B2 strains exhibited lower cell densities in animals fed the high-fibre diets compared with cell densities in animals fed the low-fibre diets. Overall, E. coli cell densities declined as gut transit times decreased. Results from this experiment support the results garnered from prospective studies examining the distribution of E. coli from hosts with differing diets, gut morphology and dynamics.
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Kim, Jeong-Weon. "College Students’ Perception on Sustainable Diets." Korean Association of Practical Arts Education 35, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24062/kpae.2022.35.3.1.

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With with rapid change of climate, sustainable diets considering environmental, economic and social aspects of food system emerged as an important concept worldwide. In this study, the college students’ perceptions on sustainable diets were examined to diagnose their level of understanding and to be used for their future education. The basic data were collected from 115 college students taking an on-line class on food and diets in 2020 and 2021 located in Seoul. The word files of each report were analyzed by using Taguette program, an open-source software for qualitative research and Microsoft Excel. The results were as following. Firstly, the words occurred in the respondents’ mind by sustainable diets were health, environment, being eco-friendly, nutrition/nutrients in order. Abstract concepts occurred by sustainable diets were Health and nutrition, environment and being eco-friendly, and definite concepts related with food were vegetables, organic/no pesticide vegetables, local food, fruits, cooked rice for positive aspect and fast food/instant food, food waste for negative aspect. Secondly, the phrases describing the characteristics of sustainable vs non-sustainable diets were suggested as eco-friendly vs environmental contamination/destroy, health vs non-health, nutritionally balanced diet vs non-balanced diet/diet, eating proper amount vs overeating/eating at night, natural food vs processed food, vegetarian diet/vegetables vs meat diet/meat. Based on the results, the respondents seemed to perceive that sustainable diets are eco-friendly, healthy and nutritionally balanced diets by consuming proper amount of natural or vegetable food rather than process food. Thirdly, the definition of sustainable diets described as a sentence could be categorized into 9 groups by the key words of environment, health, and future. And the most frequent one was a diet that protects environment as well as human health. Above results showed that the respondents do not perceive social and economic aspects of sustainable diets other than envrionment and health when compared with the defition of FAO, the 3rd National Food Education Plan and concept of sustainability. Therefore, social and economic aspects of sustainable diet along with environment and health should be stressed and further education needs to be provided for college students to practice sustainable diets in their daily life.
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49

Stojkovic, Jovan, Zlatan Sinovec, Milan Adamovic, Magdalena Tomasevic-Canovic, Aleksandra Dakovic, and Ognjen Adamovic. "Efficiency of zeolite basis preparation in fattening Lamb diets." Veterinarski glasnik 58, no. 3-4 (2004): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0404327s.

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The paper presents results of investigations of the effect of a preparation based on natural zeolite on production results of fattening lambs. The experiment was performed on two groups of lamps (control ? K and experimental ? O), 15 animals per group, and for a duration of 90 days. The diet ration consisted of sheeps? milk, a compound mix for fattening lambs, and meadow hay. Lambs of the experimental group, contrary to those of the control group were administered preparations based on natural zeolite. The preparation Min-a-Zel? S (in the form of 25% suspension) was administered to lambs from birth until the 14th day of life, directly into the mouth, once daily (before the morning meal), 10 ml each. Min-a-Zel Plus was administered starting from the 15th day by adding it to the fodder mix (0.5%). Feeding was ad libitum. The average body mass of lambs at the end of the experiment, according to the sequence of treatments (K:O), was 24.40:26.94 kg (P<0.01). The daily groth of the lambs, during the course of the experiment, was 229:256 g, and was 27 g or 11.79% higher (P<0.01) in the experimental group. The experimental group had better utilization of dry matter, proteins and energy, which indicates that the use of a preparation based on natural zeolite in the diet of fattening lambs is justified.
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Kiziloğlu, Ümmühan, Önder Yıldırım, and İsmail Berat Çantaş. "Use of Coontail as a natural phytoremediation feed additive for common carp." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 52, no. 1 (March 18, 2023): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.1.08.

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Ceratophyllum demersum is a submerged, rootless, freefloating macrophyte and natural aquatic phytoremediation. C. demersum has high efficiency in absorbing large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in the aquatic environment. In this study, the effects of a natural phytoremediation Ceratophyllum demersum meal, as a dietary supplement, on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.,1758) were investigated. This was the first attempt to use coontail as a feed additive for common carp. Four isonitrogenous (38% crude protein), isolipidic (8% crude lipid), and isoenergetic (18 kJ g-1) diets were formulated control group (0%), CM5 group (5%), CM10 group (10%) and CM15 group (15%) in feed. Each dietary treatment was administered to triplicate in groups of 15 fish (~19 g). Carp were hand-fed to apparent saturation three times a day (09.00; 12.00 and 17.00). There was no difference between the control diet and 5% CM in terms of growth (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate) and feed utilization (feed conversion rate, feed intake, feed efficiency) (p < 0.05). Increasing algae levels in diets improved protein levels in body compositions while decreasing lipid. There was no sign of appeared fish health indicators (disease or deformity) in all diet groups. This study results showed that instead of soybean meal, 5.75% and 6.07% as natural phytoremediation, C. demersum optimized the best growth and feed utilization performance in carp diets.
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