Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural Diets'
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Boyle, David. "Metal bioavialability in natural diets : toxicological implications for fish." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2008. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/metal-bioavialability-in-natural-diets-toxicological-implications-for-fish(5fbbdac9-4057-4999-ac62-876306f46b75).html.
Full textLeal, Ana Maria. "Conditioning of Manila clam broodstock on natural and artificial diets." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conditioning-of-manila-clam-broodstock-on-natural-and-artificial-diets(0ec43f18-fa32-4d46-9dab-e8e7ea2979ee).html.
Full textPradhan, Bina. "Rearing and evaluation of performance of some common Lepidopteran tea pests on natural and artificial diets from Darjeeling region." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/995.
Full textAmjad, Shahid. "Growth and survival of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) larvae and postlarvae on natural and artificial diets." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/growth-and-survival-of-penaeus-monodon-fabricius-larvae-and-postlarvae-on-natural-and-artificial-diets(2904d474-9fa5-40aa-8b26-cabe6d85ce01).html.
Full textIngrassia, Amanda. "Larval competition between the native treehole mosquito Ochlerotatus triseriatus and the invasive mosquito Ochlerotatus japonicus using natural diets." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
Find full textPrasad, Anjali Km. "Food utilization efficiencies and developmental traits of common tea loopers (Geometridae:Lepidoptera) on natural host plants and synthetic diets." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2554.
Full textAli, Y. O. "Studies on the nutrition of cultured juvenile lobsters Homarus gammarus (L) : effects of natural, compounded and supplemented diets in relation to moulting difficulties." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305212.
Full textBrooke, Sandra Dawn. "A Comparison of Natural and Laboratory Diets for the Culture of Marine Invertebrate Larvae American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Queen Conch, Strombus gigas, and Milk Conch, Strombus costatus." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617706.
Full textGarcia, López Camila María, and Velarde Claudia Alexandra Infantas. "Variación de la calidad de la dieta por región natural del Perú en adolescentes y adultos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651871.
Full textObjective: To evaluate the diet quality in Peru by region in adolescents and adults. Materials and methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS) database. To measure diet quality, the HEI was calculated using information from a 24-hour food consumption reminder on two non-consecutive days. The HEI was classified as unhealthy (<60 HEI points), medium healthy (60-79 points) and healthy (>80 points). The sample was composed of 1113 subjects from four different regions of Peru: Lima Metropolitana, Costa, Sierra and Selva. A multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the effect of region, adolescents and adults. HEI score. Results: The mean HEI score was 71,0 (SD: 10,0), women scored higher than men (72,2 (10,0) vs 69,5 (9,7); p<0.001). Dairy products scored higher in the Sierra region and lower in the Selva region (6,76 (4,53) vs 2,86 (4,24); p<0. 001). Similarly, meats scored higher on the Costa region and the Jungle region and lower in the Sierra region (4,76 (0,89) vs. 4,76 (0,84) vs. 4,24 (1,49); p<0.001). The adjusted linear regression showed that the Sierra region has the highest HEI score (coef: 1.89, EE:0.75; p=0.012) and the Selva region the lowest score (coef: -5.31, EE:1.01; p<0.001). Conclusion: The region of residence affects the quality index, with the population of the Sierra having a higher index of healthy eating and the forest having the lowest score compared to the other regions. It is important to improve the quality of the population's diet across regions in Peru.
Tesis
Aragão, Valquiria. "Sobre a síntese de furanoeliangolidos pela reação de Diels-Alder." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-04072007-144124/.
Full textFuranoheliangolides are biologically active natural products containing a 11-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undecane skeleton. In this work we have investigated two different approaches to synthesize a model of the core structure of goyazensolide. Both approaches involve a Diels-Alder reaction and a bond breaking reaction to produce the polycyclic structure. In the first proposal we prepared mesylate compound. Attempts to effect an elimination reaction, however, resulted either in complex mixture or in undesired products. In the second proposal we prepared ester and investigated two alternative paths, out of several possibilities, to proceed the synthesis. In the first, ester was hydrolyzed to acid, but it was not possible to obtain the corresponding Weinreb amide. In the second path the ester was reduced to alcohol, that was oxidized to aldehyde; this, when treated with the anion from hydrazone, furnished hydrazone instead of the expected product of carbanion addition. Further studies should be developed in the future.
Gindri, Marcelo. "USO DO NIRS COMO FERRAMENTA DE DIAGNÓSTICO NUTRICIONAL DE ANIMAIS MANTIDOS EM PASTAGEM NATURAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10923.
Full textThe prediction of voluntary feed intake and digestibility of heterogeneous forages in rangeland is a challenge for researchers and technicians. The objective of this study was to develop models to predict the organic matter intake (OMI), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and crude protein (CP) of sheep diet grazing rangeland Pampa biome in southern Brazil through the faeces using the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (fecal NIRS). Six sheep were used in a natural pasture area in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. The last five day of each month (from June of 2014 to June of 2014), individual feces from animal bags, and individual forage samples was collected per animal through hard plucking and extrusas, collected at the beginning of the biggest daily meal of animals, and at the end the biggest meal. The meals were identified through behavioral assessment for 24 hours prior collections. The diet samples and feces were dried (55 ° C), ground (1 mm), and determined the contents of dry matter, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N). In the diet samples was also determined content of digestible organic matter (DOM) through real-in situ digestibility by 48 hours multiplied by the MO content. In fecal samples were collected absorbance spectra in the near infrared range. The OMI was estimated by daily fecal excretion of N (DFEN), using the model, OMI, g OM/animal/day = 1.1 x 101.2 + DFEN, (r2 = 0.83), proposed by KOZLOSKI (unpublished) to sheep fed the same diet of the animals in this study. The OMD was obtained by equation, OMD, % DM = (1 ((daily fecal excretion of OM) / OMI) x OM medium of simulation samples. The reference values of the diet composition and OMI were individually related to fecal spectra through the partial least squares regression method. For developing the models, 80% of the total sample was used, and the remainder was used for external validation. The performance of fecal NIRS models was dependete the accuracy of the reference methods. The best model was the OMD variable when estimated by fecal N, followed by variables from the samples extrusa independete hour of collection, and then the sample average hard plucking and daily per animal. The OMI model present excellent result front difficulty is predicting this variable, the large number of envlvidos factors besides diet chemistry. The technology of fecal NIRS can be used as a tool for predicting the OMI, CP and OMD of sheep diet on natural pasture Pampa biome in southern Brazil.
proteína bruta da dieta de ovinos em sistemas extensivos compostos por pastagens naturais heterogêneas é um desafio para pesquisadores e técnicos. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver modelos para prever o consumo de matéria orgânica (CMO), matéria orgânica digestível (MOD) e proteína bruta (PB) da deita de ovinos em pastejo sobre a pastagem natural do bioma Pampa no Rio Grande do Sul com o uso da espectroscopia da refletância no infravermelho próximo das fezes (NIRS fecal). Foi conduzido um ensaio com seis ovinos em uma área de pastagem natural em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Durante cinco dias, por treze meses consecutivos (2014/2015), foram coletadas as fezes dos animais com o uso de bolsas, e amostras de forragem individuais por animal, através do pastejo simulado e através da coleta de extrusas realizada no início da maior refeição diária dos animais, e no término da maior refeição. As refeições eram identificadas através da avaliação de comportamento por 24hs prévia as coletas. As amostras de dieta e fezes foram secas (55ºC), moídas (1 mm), e determinado os teores de matéria seca, matéria orgânica (MO), nitrogênio total (N). Nas amostras de dieta também foi determinado o teor de MO digestível (MOD) através da digestibilidade verdadeira in situ por 48hs multiplicado pelo teor de MO. Nas amostras fecais foram coletados os espectros de absorbância na faixa do infravermelho próximo. O CMO foi estimado por meio da excreção fecal diária de N (EFN), utilizando o modelo CMO, g MO/animal/dia = 1,1 + 101,2 x EFN, (r2=0,83) proposto por KOZLOSKI (dados não publicados) para ovinos recebendo a mesma dieta dos animais deste estudo. A MOD foi obtida pela equação, MOD, % MS = (1 ((excreção fecal diária de MO)/CMO))x MO médio das amostras de simulação. Os valores de referência da composição da dieta dos animais e o consumo foram relacionados com os expectros fecais através de modelos de regressão multipla (dieta/fezes) utilizando o método dos minimos quadrados parciais. Do total de amostras de cada variável modelada, 25% foram destinadas somente para validação externa dos modelos. O desempenho dos modelos NIRS fecal foi dependete da acurácia dos métodos de referência. O melhor modelo foi o da variável MOD quando estimada pelo N fecal, seguida pelas variáveis oriundas das amostras de extrusa, independete do horário de coleta, e posteriormente pelas amostras de simualção de pastejo média por animal e diárias. O modelo CMO apresentou excelente resultado frente a dificuldade que é predizer esta variável, pelo grande número de fatores envlvidos além da quimica da dieta. A tecnologia do NIRS fecal pode ser utilizada como ferramenta para a predição do CMO, PB e MOD da dieta de ovinos em pastagem natural do bioma Pampa no Rio Grande do Sul.
Leite, Pedro Terra. "História natural de Mastigodryas bifossatus (Serpentes, Colubridae) em domínio subtropical no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5249.
Full textMastigodryas bifossatus is a large snake in the Colubrinae subfamily. It s widely distributed in open areas over the entire South America. The dissection of 224 especimens of this snake, proceeding from the southern states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, stored in herpetological colections in Brazil, provides information on dietary habits, habitat use, daily and seazonal activities, sexual dimorphism and reproductive cycles of this snake in subtropical domains in Brazil. This snake eats mainly amphibians of the Leptodactylidae´s family (80%), mammals (10%) and lizards (2%). Eight percent of the items found could not be identified. There is no ontogenetic diet shift in M. bifossatus, but as the snake grows larger, the range of preys grow as well. Most specimens inhabit open areas during the day. The activity patterns are seazonal and unimodal. Adult specimens of M. bifossatus can reach average of 1115 mm in snout-vent-lenght, and female snakes are slightly bigger than male snakes. The reproductive cycle of females is seazonal, with vittelogenesis occuring from july on. Egg laying has been recorded from november to january. The average number of offsprings per clutch is 14 and there is positive correlation between clutch size and female lenght.
Mastigodryas bifossatus é uma serpente de grande porte pertencente à subfamília Colubrinae, família Colubridae. É distribuída ao longo de grande parte da América do Sul, onde vive em áreas abertas. A dissecação de 224 espécimes desta serpente provenientes dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Cataria e Paraná, depositados em coleções herpetológicas no Brasil, proveram dados sobre hábitos alimentares, uso do substrato, atividade diária e sazonal, dimorfismo sexual, comprimento corporal e ciclo reprodutivo desta serpente em domínio subtropical no Brasil. Esta espécie alimenta-se preferencialmente de anfíbios da família Leptodactylidae (80%), seguido de mamíferos (10%) e lagartos (2%). Não há mudança ontogenética na dieta de M. bifossatus, mas há um aumento na gama de presas à medida que esta serpente atinge comprimentos corporais maiores. É uma serpente diurna que habita áreas abertas. A atividade é sazonal, com padrão unimodal. Os exemplares adultos de M. bifossatus atingem em média 1115 mm de comprimento rostro - cloacal, sendo as fêmeas um pouco maiores que os machos. O ciclo reprodutivo das fêmeas é sazonal, com vitelogênese ocorrendo a partir do mês de julho. Oviposições foram registradas de novembro a janeiro. O número médio de filhotes por ninhada é 14 e há correlação positiva entre o tamanho da ninhada e o comprimento das fêmeas.
Rieucau, Audrey. "Les aidants dits naturels." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H126.
Full textIntroduction: Over the past years, authors have proposed a general theory of the caregiving relationship in order to highlight the importance of the place occupied by the families, who have an elderly relative suffering from Alzheimer's disease. However, it may be interesting to consider the caregiver with all his specificities, and as an individual affected by other problems than only the caregiving. We wonder to what extent the personality of a caregiver, the representations of the ageing process, the family relationship and the quality of the past relationships can influence the experience of caregiving. The studied caregivers were children or spouses of a patient losing his psychic autonomy, living at home or in an institution. Methods: We realized a study with 113 subjects (80 children and 33 spouses of an Alzheimer’s patient). Half of the patients were living at home and the other half in an institution. First, all caregivers filled a socio-demographic questionnaire and different clinical scales, assessing: the quality of the passed relationships (QRASA) ; the burden (ZBI) ; the difficulties (CADI ), satisfactions (CASI ) and strategies they used (CAMI) in the caregiving situations ; the personality (NEO PI-R) and the depression (BDI ). Second, 17 subjects have been seen in a semi-structured interview in order to qualitatively assess their experience of the caregiving, the past and present relationship they have with their parent or spouse. Results: The results of this study showed that the difficulties, the satisfactions which are experienced, and the strategies which are used in the caregiving relation are linked together. A balance between these variables is required for the family caregiver to invest his role. This balance is influenced by situational factors (the place where the patient lives), relational factors (the quality of the present and past relationship with the patient) as well as personal factors (personality and representations linked to the ageing process). Conclusion: The implications in terms of support and prevention for this population of caregivers are discussed
Mesquita, Paulo CÃsar Mattos Dourado de. "HistÃria natural das serpentes Oxibelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) (Squamata, Colubridae) e Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 (Squamata, Dipsadidae) em domÃnio de caatinga no estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6198.
Full textNeste trabalho foram realizados estudos detalhados sobre a ecologia de duas espÃcies serpentes ocorrentes no CearÃ, Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) e Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870. Ambas as espÃcies foram encontradas em campo durante todos os meses do ano, O. aeneus apresentou pico no perÃodo seco e P. nattereri foi mais facilmente encontrada no perÃodo chuvoso, ambas apresentaram atividade diurna, entretanto O. aeneus foi encontrada ativa principalmente nos horÃrios de temperatura mais amena enquanto, P. nattereri foi encontrada ativa nas horas mais quentes do dia. Quanto à alimentaÃÃo, observou-se que O. aeneus à especialista em lagartos, sendo capaz de predar anuros ocasionalmente e nÃo hà mudanÃas ontogenÃticas na preferÃncia alimentar desta espÃcie, enquanto P. nattereri à uma espÃcie generalista, havendo mudanÃa ontogenÃtica na alimentaÃÃo, jà que os adultos consomem um maior nÃmero de presas. Quanto à reproduÃÃo foi possÃvel saber que para O. aeneus, o ciclo reprodutivo das fÃmeas se ocorre estacionalmente de janeiro a julho e os machos apresentaram ciclo de produÃÃo de espermatozÃides prÃ-nupcial. Nesta espÃcie as fÃmeas apresentaram maior massa corpÃrea, porÃm nÃo foi encontrado dimorfismo em relaÃÃo ao comprimento caudal. O ciclo reprodutivo das fÃmeas de P. nattereri ocorre de fevereiro a outubro, e os machos aparentemente apresentam produÃÃo contÃnua de espermatozÃides. Esta espÃcie apresentou dimorfismo sexual em relaÃÃo ao comprimento caudal e a massa: os machos apresentaram a cauda relativamente mais longa e as fÃmeas, em geral, maior massa corpÃrea
It is presented a detailed study on the ecology of two species of snakes that occur on the state of CearÃ, Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) and Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870. Both species could be found in the field during all months of the year, O. aeneus presented a peak during the dry season while P. nattereri were more easily found during the raining season. Both presented diurnal activity but O. aeneus is active during the less warm hours of the day while P. nattereri is found during the warmer hours. About their dietary ecology we found that O. aeneus is a lizard-specialist that feed on frogs occasionally, there are no ontogenetic changes on this species diet and P. nattereri is a generalist predator with ontogenetic change in diet, once the adults feed on more categories of prey than the juveniles. We found that the reproductive cycle for females of O. aeneus goes from January to July and males present a pre-nuptial cycle. We found no sexual dimorphism in tail length for this species and females are usually heavier than the males. The reproductive cycle of P. nattereri is extended to females, from February to October and males apparently produce sperm continually. We found sexual dimorphism in tail length and mass, with male P. nattereri having relatively longer tails and females being heavier.
Argaez, Maria Adelaida Hoyos. "A cascavel neotropical Crotalus durissus: uma abordagem morfológica e da historia natural em populações do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-09082013-163503/.
Full textThe geographical variation is intimately associated to the ecological characteristics such as the historical process of a species. A few species of snakes have been studied adequately to determine an existence of geographical variation in morphology, reproduction and diet. Rattlesnakes (Crotalus) are considered a good model for geographical variation studies, due to their wide distribution that include several habitat types. The rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus is restricted to South America. In Brazil, this group is present throughout the country, except in states of Acre and Espírito Santo. In addition, there are isolated populations in open areas in Amazonia, in the Amazonian savannas in the states of Amazonas, Roraima, Pará and Amapá. Some populations of C. durissus show considerable variation in the morphology, reproduction and diet composition even with neighboring populations differing drastically from each other. Generally, there has been little research conducted of C. durissus in Brazil needing urgent investigation to this respect. A total of 870 specimens of C. durissus were examined. In general, according to the sexual dimorphism, the results indicated that the females have a higher number of ventral scales, while the males showed a greater number of scales associated to the tail and the lozanges. In a few cases, the females exhibited larger snout-vent length but larger head sizes were shown in this sex. Overall, males were longer than females, exhibiting tails and paravertebral stripes which were relatively longer. The discriminant analysis showed in general populations with patterns of highly complex morphological variability, even though the segregation of some populations may reflect strong evolutionary tendencies of their own within some groups. The analysis of geographic variation indicated that environmental variables partially influenced the morphological variability in populations according to their distribution. In accordance with parameters related to natural history, the reproductive cycle of females, was extremely conservative, reflecting a biennial seasonal pattern. In males, the spermatogenic cycle also shows a seasonal pattern, which demonstrated annual variations between populations. The association between the historical processes, physiological aspects and climatic conditions is probably the main factors that influenced these reproductive patterns in females and males. The diet was composed mainly of rodents, habit related to the abundance and availability of the prey, however teid lizards can also be considered as an important food item of the diet of C. durissus from Brazil.
Wee, Chorng Shin. "Theoretical studies of Diels-Alder reactions in natural product biosynthesis /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CHEM%202008%20WEE.
Full textLopes, Bruno de Sousa. "História natural e performance larval de Oospila pallidaria (Schaus, 1897) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae): uma mariposa esmeralda do Cerrado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-20072016-181713/.
Full textIt is estimated 90.000 species of insects for the Cerrado, the second largest Brazilian biome, with great diversity of habitats and rich fauna. Among these insects, Lepidoptera represents about 10% of all species. However, studies on their immature stages (egg, larvae and pupae) are incipient for the biome, mostly on moths, whose natural histories of many species are unknown. The lack of these studies makes the multitrophic interactions in that these organisms are involved ignored and, therefore, prevent future studies related to their role in communities and ecological networks. This is the case of many species of Geometridae, including Oospila pallidaria, which is an emerald moth (due to emerald green color of their wings). Oospila pallidaria is a herbivorous species that had not published any information on their biology and factors that influence their occurrence, such as: the phenology of the host plant, which can determine the time of better conditions for growth and reproduction; the nutritional quality of food resources (e. g. amount of water and nitrogen), which can determine what resources provide better development/performance to a herbivore; natural enemies, that could restrict the occurrence of herbivores and the temperature and rainfall, which can change the quality and geographical distribution of food resources used by herbivores. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to describe, for the first time, aspects of the biology and natural history of O. pallidaria (Chapter 1) and to assess their larval performance from different diets (Chapter 2). The results presented in Chapter 1 showed that eggs of O. pallidaria, green and lasting an average of seven days, were lonely and laid especially in trichomes of mature leaves. The larvae fed on mature leaves predominantly, but used young leaves and flower buds opportunistically. Larvae had cryptic coloration, they camouflaged among the leaves of Mimosa setosa (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), a single host, and developed the self-cleaning behavior. There are five larval instars, with color ranging from yellow to green. The larvae also had a pair of projections on prothorax and brown midline in the dorsal region. The maximum length of the larvaes body was 28 mm. The pupae were predominantly green, with a maximum of 10 mm in length. The development from egg to adult lasted about 50 days ( = 42, S = 6, n = 11). Their only natural enemy recorded was the microhymenopteran Cotesia sp. (Braconidae, Microgastrinae). Oospila pallidaria females produced 65 eggs on average (S = 7.07; n = 2). The occurrence of O. pallidaria was seasonal and overlapped on the peak presence of mature leaves. Larvae were negatively related to temperature and rainfall, with statistical significance only for the first (r = - 0.5889, P < 0.05). In Chapter 2, it was shown that mature leaves of M. setosa were the only food source available throughout the year. The flower buds were the resource with higher nutritional quality (relative water content and total nitrogen), followed by young and mature leaves respectively. However, the survival of O. pallidaria was greater with mature leaves. The results indicate that for the specialist herbivore O. pallidaria, the host plant phenology is critical for its survival, especially the presence of mature leaves of M. setosa. On the other hand, the flower buds are ephemeral resources, but important for the survival of the last instar larvae in the dry season, when mature leaves are withered and/or senescent.
Santos, Julia Tolledo 1987. "História natural de Rhinella jimi (Anura; Bufonidae) = uma espécie invasora em Fernando de Noronha." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316066.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A introdução de espécies exóticas de anfíbios é um fator que tem se mostrado preocupante por contribuir para o desequilíbrio de comunidades animais nativas. Estas espécies além de se alimentarem de espécies nativas, podem se multiplicar rapidamente devido à ausência de predadores e competidores, podem ainda transmitir doenças às espécies nativas e causar problemas devido à hibridização com espécies aparentadas. Rhinella jimi é um Bufonidae do grupo de R. marina que foi introduzido no arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha há, no máximo, 120 anos. Esta população apresenta alta prevalência de deformidades, sendo que quase 50 % dos indivíduos adultos apresentam alguma anomalia externa. Cerca de 20 % destes possuem problemas nos olhos, sendo alguns completamente cegos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar aspectos da história natural e biologia reprodutiva da população de Rhinella jimi de Fernando de Noronha, considerando a alta prevalência de deformidades nesta população.No primeiro capítulo foi feita a descrição do estágio larval de Rhinella jimi, necessária para a avaliação de deformidades, realizada no segundo capítulo. O terceiro capítulo trata-se de um estudo da dieta desta população, baseado em dados de conteúdo estomacal complementados por análises de composição isotópica. No quarto capítulo foi feita uma investigação da forma com que os indivíduos cegos localizam e capturam as presas, bem como das possíveis consequências que os problemas de visão podem trazer para as condições físicas dos animais. No quinto capítulo foi realizado um estudo de reprodução, com descrição das vocalizações e dos comportamentos observados. Os resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de deformidades entre os girinos, com mais da metade dos indivíduos deformados. As deformidades no estágio larval ocorrem principalmente no disco oral e estão ligadas a um menor tempo de forrageio e uma menor eficiência na aquisição de alimento. Apesar da ausência de presas no estômago de indivíduos cegos, o estudo de dieta dos adultos mostrou que estes têm a dieta mais parecida com a dos indivíduos caolhos (com apenas um olho funcional). Indivíduos caolhos e indivíduos sem deformidades (normais) apresentaram formigas como as principais presas, mas Diplopoda foi um grupo importante na dieta de caolhos, enquanto para os indivíduos normais Coleoptera se mostrou mais abundante. O comportamento alimentar diferiu entre indivíduos cegos (que caçam por espreita com base em estímulos táteis) e normais (que caçam ativamente baseados em estímulos visuais). Os problemas de visão também influenciam a massa corporal, com indivíduos cegos tendo menor massa. No estudo de reprodução observamos a ocorrência de dimorfismo sexual de tamanho (fêmeas maiores que os machos) e uma tendência ao maior esforço reprodutivo e número de ovos em indivíduos normais. Foram observadas duas estratégias reprodutivas adotadas pelos machos (tanto normais como cegos), a de vocalização e a de procura ativa por fêmeas. No geral, tanto girinos como adultos são prejudicados pelas deformações, e estas deficiências poderiam implicar em eliminação de indivíduos menos adaptados no âmbito da sua distribuição geográfica natural. No entanto, a população invasora e ilhada está conseguindo sobrevier e reproduzir com sucesso, mantendo altos níveis de deformidade
Abstract: The introduction of alien amphibian species has shown concern as it may contribute to the imbalance of native animal communities, causing environmental damage. These species feed on native species, breed rapidly due to the absence of predators and competitors, may also transmit diseases to native species and cause problems associated to hybridization with related species. Rhinella jimi is a Bufonidae of R. marina species group that was introduced in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha near 120 years ago. This population presents a high prevalence of deformities, as almost 50% of adults have some external anomaly. About 20% of them present eye problems, some being completely blind. The main objective of this research was to study the natural history and reproductive biology of the population of Rhinella jimi from Fernando de Noronha, considering the high incidence of deformities among the individuals of this population. In the first chapter we described the tadpoles of R. jimi, necessary for the assessment of deformities evaluated in the second chapter. The third chapter was a study of the diet of this population, based on data from stomach contents complemented by isotopic composition analysis. In the fourth chapter we investigated the way that blind individuals locate and capture prey, as well as the possible consequences that vision problems may have on the physical conditions of animals. The fifth chapter is a study of reproduction, with descriptions of vocalizations and behaviors. The results showed a high prevalence of deformities among tadpoles, with more than half of them being deformed. Deformities in larval stage occur mainly in the oral disc and are connected to a shorter time foraging and a lower efficiency in the acquisition of food. Despite the absence of prey in the stomach of blind subjects, the study showed that these toads have a diet similar to the half blind individuals (with only one functional eye). Half blind individuals and individuals with no deformity (normal) had ants as the main prey, but Diplopoda was an important item in the diet of half blinds, while for normal individuals Coleoptera was more abundant. The feeding behavior differed between normal and blind individuals, with blind ones using tactile stimuli and a sit-and-wait foraging strategy, and normal ones using visual stimuli and active search foraging strategy. Vision problems also affect the body mass of the toads, as blind individuals had lower body mass. We observed the occurrence of sexual dimorphism in size, with females larger than males, and a trend of higher egg production and reproductive effort in normal individuals. We observed two reproductive strategies adopted by males, both blind and normal individuals, the vocalization and the active search for females. Deformed individuals (tadpoles and adults) present disadvantages in comparison to normal ones. In all cases half blind individuals presented intermediate patterns between normal and blind ones. The extent of disadvantages observed could imply in individual elimination in the natural range of this species. However, in the island the conditions may support their existence up to successful reproduction
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia
Leite, Hélia Maria de Souza. "Substituição parcial do leite integral por soro de queijo in natura no aleitamento artificial de cabritos." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2013. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/348.
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This study aimed to evaluate the performance of crossbred goats fed whey associated with bovine milk , substituting goat milk until 60 days of life . We used 24 male goats , neutered without defined breed SPRD , being divided into three treatments and eight replications goat milk ( control), 50 % of bovine milk + 50 % of whey , milk cattle . The development was evaluated by weekly weighing and body measurements of withers height , hip height , heart girth and body length . Consumption estimates were made by measuring daily consumption of hay and concentrated by the method supply / spare. All variables were tested with Tukey comparison of means ( 5 % probability ) . Total consumption , weight gain as well as biometric measurements showed significant differences between treatments ( P < .05 ) . The Animis suckled with whey and bovine milk showed lower performance than other treatments
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho de cabritos mestiços alimentados com soro de queijo associado ao leite integral bovino, em substituição ao leite de cabra, até os 60 dias de vida. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos machos, não castrados, sem padrão racial definido SPRD, sendo distribuídos em três tratamentos e oito repetições: leite de cabra (controle); 50% de leite integral bovino + 50% de soro de queijo; leite integral bovino. O desenvolvimento foi avaliado através de pesagens semanais e mensurações corporais de altura de cernelha, altura de garupa, perímetro torácico e comprimento do corpo. As estimativas de consumo foram feitas por medições diárias de consumo de feno e concentrado pelo método oferta/sobra. Todas as variáveis foram submetidas ao teste de comparação de médias Tukey (5% de probabilidade). O consumo total, o ganho de peso assim como também as medidas biométricas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos (P<0,05). Os animis aleitados com soro de queijo e leite bovino apresentaram desempenho inferior aos demais tratamentos
Rosa, Mychelle Munyck Linhares. "Estudo de dieta total aplicado na avaliação de ingestão de elementos essenciais, tóxicos e radionuclídeos naturais nas populações urbana e rural de Poços de Caldas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-29082018-082934/.
Full textFood security is a fundamental need and a great public concern throughout the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the Total Diet Study (TDS) as the most appropriate method of estimating the intake of contaminants and nutrients for a country or large population groups. The implementation of a study relating food intake in a High Background Radiation Area (HBRA) motivated the present study, since in the Poços de Caldas plateau there are occurrences of radiative anomalies with significant natural concentrations of uranium and thorium. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate and to compare the intakes of essential, toxic elements, and radionuclides from the foods that composed the diets of the urban and rural populations of the city. The concentration determination of the essential and toxic elements was performed using the neutron activation analysis (As, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn) and atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace (Cd, Cu and Pb) and cold vapor atomic (Hg). The determination of radionuclides was performed by gamma spectrometry (40K), radiochemical separation followed by total alpha and beta counting (210Pb, 226Ra and 228Ra) and alpha spectrometry (210Po, 228Th, 230Th, 232Th, 234U, 235U and 238U). The food groups were established according to consumption data from the southeast region of the country obtained by the Household food budget survey POF 2008-2009 by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The final list contained 82 foods distributed in 20 groups, including drinking water, and with a total mass of 3.6180 kg. The TDS applied to the region of the Poços de Caldas Plateau allowed to observe that the average daily intakes for all the essential elements in the urban population diet presented higher values compared to the diet of the rural population but did not present statistical differences. The essential elements Ca, K, Mg and Se were deficient in the diets studied compared to the recommended daily intake values. The toxic element level of Cd and Pb in the present study were within the range reported by the WHO from TDS conducted in several countries and/or different regions in the world. The total intake of the toxic element Hg was found well below the established limit by WHO. Intake effective dose compromised calculation of the rural region (0.89 mSv/year) was 61% higher compared to the urban region (0.56 mSv/year). This can be explained by the fact that the highest points of radioactive anomalies in the plateau are located in the rural zone, but the values found in the present study do not present levels that represent a threat to the health of the population in this plateau.
Lucas, Priscila da Silva. "Taxocenose de répteis Squamata, com estudo dos hábitos alimentares de Enyalius bilineatus em uma área natural de cerrado no sul de Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1662.
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O atual conhecimento sobre a fauna de Squamata em Minas Gerais se baseia em grande parte por estudos realizados em áreas de Mata Atlântica, e o que se conhece sobre estudos relacionados à diversidade, conservação e outros aspectos ecológicos da fauna de Squamata em áreas de Cerrado são escassos. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em um remanescente de Cerrado no sul do Estado localizado no Município de Ingaí e teve como objetivos descrever a composição e estimar a riqueza da fauna de Squamata em diferentes fisionomias de Cerrado, além de avaliar a dieta de Enyalius bilineatus, baseada na análise dos conteúdos estomacais. A amostragem de Squamata em campo ocorreu entre novembro de 2010 a novembro de 2011, por procura visual limitada por tempo, armadilha de interceptação e queda e encontros ocasionais. Os espécimes de E. bilineatus analisados já estavam depositados na CRLZ do Unilavras e foram provenientes de amostragens anteriores sobre a fauna local. Considerando os métodos empregados foram amostradas seis espécies de serpentes (Colubridae (4) e Viperidae (2)) e 10 espécies de lagartos (Anguidae (1), Gymnophthalmidae (2), Leiosauridae(2), Scincidae (2), Teiidae (2) e Tropiduridae (1)) nas diferentes fitofisionomias e a estimativa de riqueza avaliada pela curva de acúmulo de espécies mostrou uma riqueza de 23,81 espécies. A mata de galeria foi a fitofisionomia que apresentou maior riqueza e abundância de espécies e distribuição das abundâncias relativas mais uniformes em relação a outras áreas. A espécie mais abundante foi T. itambere com 63,2% do número total de registros para a RBUB. Mata de galeria e cerrado stricto sensu foram as áreas que apresentaram maior semelhança (CM =0,45) compartilhando quatro espécies em comum. A maior riqueza e abundância de espécies na mata de galeria podem estar relacionadas com o maior tamanho desta, que é a fitofisionomia que predomina dentro da RBUB. Com relação aos dados de dieta, a partir de 22 espécimes com conteúdo estomacal foi registrado um total de 156 itens presa pertencentes a 12 grupos taxonômicos, a maioria artrópodes, evidenciando o caráter generalista da espécie. Formigas perfizeram a categoria mais frequente em termos de ocorrência para ambos os sexos e também foi importante em termos de frequência numérica e volume para machos e fêmeas. Não foram observadas diferenças quantitativas (número de itens ingeridos) na dieta de ambos os sexos, não evidenciando diferenças sexuais na dieta de E. bilineatus neste aspecto, em grande parte devido a ingestão de formigas que são itens presa pequenas e bastante ingeridos por lagartos independente do tamanho deste.
Current knowledge about the fauna of Squamata in Minas Gerais is based largely on studies conducted in areas of Atlantic Forest, and what is known about studies related to diversity, conservation and other ecological aspects of Squamata fauna in Cerrado areas are scarce. This study was conducted in a Cerrado remnant in the southern state located in the Municipality of Ingaí and aimed to describe the composition and estimate the richness of Squamata fauna in different Cerrado physiognomies, and to evaluate the diet of Enyalius bilineatus, based the analysis of stomach contents. The sampling of Squamata in the field occurred between November 2010 and November 2011 by time constrained search, pitfall traps and occasional encounters. Specimens of E. bilineatus analyzed were already deposited in the CRLZ of the Unilavras and were obtained from previous sampling on the local fauna. Considering the methods employed were sampled six species of snakes (Colubridae (4) and Viperidae (2)) and 10 species of lizards (Anguidae (1), Gymnophthalmidae (2), Leiosauridae(2), Scincidae (2), Teiidae (2) and Tropiduridae (1)) in different and the richness estimate measured by accumulation species curve showed a richness of 23.81 species. Gallery forest was the physiognomy with the highest species richness and abundance and distribution of the relative abundances more uniform compared to other areas. The most abundant species was T. itambere with 63.2% of the total number of records for RBUB. Gallery forest and cerrado stricto sensu were the areas with the highest similarity (CM = 0.45) sharing four species in common. The highest richness and abundance of species in gallery forest may be related to the larger size of this, which is the predominant physiognomy within the RBUB. Regarding the diet data from 22 specimens with stomach contents, was recorded a total of 156 prey items belonging to 12 taxonomic groups, most arthropods, emphasizing the generalist character of species. Ants amounted to the most frequent in terms of occurrence for both sexes and were also important in terms of numerical frequency and volume for males and females. There were no quantitative differences (number of items eaten) in the diet of sexes, showing no sex differences in the diet of E. bilineatus in this regard, largely due to ingestion of ants that are prey items small and quite ingested by lizards independent of the size thereof.
Legner, Kate A. "Seasonal movements, diet composition, and diet nutritional quality of Unimak Island caribou." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555871.
Full textThe Unimak Island caribou herd is in the midst of a population decline associated with low birth rates and calf survival. I evaluated the spatial and temporal complexity of caribou landscape use and the availability and nutritional quality of key forage species. First, I examined seasonal landscape use and movement using GPS collar data. Second, I determined seasonal diets to the species-level for spring, summer, and fall using a novel n-alkane and long-chain fatty acid (LCOH) method. Finally, I compared diet quality with needs for maintenance and to the quality of available plant species. Caribou home ranges were largest and movements least in the winter, and movements appeared dependent on plant phenology and weather conditions. Diets were complex and seasonally variable but generally contained higher proportions of forbs than other caribou herds likely due to their higher relative availability as compared to other preferred forages. Finally, animals foraged selectively each season, obtaining a diet that was higher in digestible dry matter and nitrogen than the average of plants available. Nutritional quality appeared to be well above requirements during the three seasons investigated. Overall, I concluded that spring, summer, and fall forage quality and availability do not impose strong constraints on Unimak Island caribou. However, I recommend that diet composition and quality be determined in the winter, the time when forage often limits the productivity of caribou herds.
Hirst, David J. "A Diels-Alder approach to naturally occurring octahydronaphthalenes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423647.
Full textZago, Daniane Cioccari. "ADIÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Aloysia triphylla EM DIETA PARA ZEBRAFISH." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5330.
Full textO uso de óleos essenciais (OE) ou extratos vegetais em dietas para peixes tem demonstrado efeitos positivos no desempenho produtivo, na eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes, no aumento da taxa de crescimento, na resistência ao estresse, imunidade e proteção contra patógenos. A Aloysia triphylla é utilizada como condimento e para fins medicinais e seu OE destaca-se por possuir propriedades anestésicas e sedativas, bloqueadoras de cortisol, além de promover proteção oxidativa e crescimento de jundiás. O zebrafish possui muitas características semelhantes a dos mamíferos, sendo considerado organismo modelo para pesquisas, possui disponibilidade genômica funcional e rápido desenvolvimento, facilitando estudos comportamentais, nutricionais e de crescimento. Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do OE de A. triphylla em zebrafish, analisando o crescimento, consumo de oxigênio, atividade exploratória, distância percorrida e cortisol corporal total. O experimento teve duração de 210 dias e o crescimento foi analisado no período de 90 dias. Foram avaliadas três dietas contendo (0.0; 1.0 e 2.0 mL/kg) de OE de A. triphylla adicionada à ração. A adição do OE à ração de zebrafish se mostrou eficiente reduzindo o consumo de oxigênio e atividade exploratória dos peixes tratados com dietas adicionadas OE à ração. Nenhuma diferença foi observada para o crescimento, distância percorrida e níveis de cortisol corporal total entre os tratamentos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a adição de 1.0 e 2.0 mL/kg de OE de A. triphylla adicionado à dieta é eficiente em promover redução do consumo de oxigênio e atividade exploratória em zebrafish.
Ikeda, Natália Yumi. "Utilização de própolis e probiótico em dietas para leitões recém-desmamados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-06042016-154010/.
Full textAntimicrobial growth promoter restriction in animal diets due to safety concerns enhanced the research of natural feed additive alternatives. In order to search for natural feed additive alternatives for weanling pigs, this study investigated independent and combined dietary effects of crude propolis and probiotic on weanling pigs\' performance, diarrhea, nutrients and energy digestibility, organ weights (digestive organs and spleen), intestinal epithelium histology (villus height, crypt depth and villus:crypt ratio), and intestinal microbial counts (agar plating assay) in comparison to an antimicrobial growth promoter (chlorohydroxiquinoline). One hundred and twenty 21-d weaned pigs were allotted in a randomized complete block design experiment with five treatments, eight replications and three animals per experimental unit (pen). Treatments, arranged in a 2x2+1 factorial design, were: control treatment consisted in a basal diet without any additive; propolis, basal diet with 0.4% of crude propolis; probiotic, basal diet with 0.1% of probiotic; propolis + probiotic, basal diet with 0.4% of crude propolis and 0.1% of probiotic and antimicrobial treatment, basal diet with antimicrobial growth promoter. Feed and water were given ad libitum during a 35-d nursery feeding experiment. Animals were weighed at d 0, 7, 21 and 35 of experiment. Diarrhea occurrence was registered every day. At the end of experimental period, an animal per pen was slaughtered for analyses of organ weights, intestinal epithelium histology and intestinal microbial counts. Data was analyzed by using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dunnett test was used to compare antimicrobial treatment with each other treatment. Dietary crude propolis and probiotic inclusion, isolated and combined, did not affected weanling pigs\' growth performance, diarrhea occurrence and intestinal epithelium histology. Dietary propolis reduced nitrogen-free extract digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary propolis and probiotic, isolated and combined, negatively affected nutrients and energy digestibility compared to antimicrobial treatment (p<0.05). Propolis and probiotic combination increased small intestine weight in comparison to antimicrobial treatment (p<0.05). In jejunum content, dietary probiotic increased Enterococcus sp. counts (p<0.05), while dietary propolis decreased Lactobacillus sp. counts (p<0.05). In cecum content, isolated propolis had higher Enterococcus sp. counts compared to antimicrobial (p<0.05). Moreover, antimicrobial treatment lowered Lactobacillus sp. counts compared to all other treatments (p<0.05). Overall, dietary propolis and probiotic, isolated and combined, did not enhanced growth performance compared to antimicrobial treatment in the present study.
Pepper, Adrian Gordon. "Asymmetric synthesis using acyl-nitroso cycloadditions : applications to natural product synthesis." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314011.
Full textBueno, Alessandra Angelica de Padua. "Dinâmica da alimentação em Aeglidae em ambiente natural (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/84906.
Full textThis work aims to characterise the feeding dynamics of Aegla platensis Schmitt and A. ligulata Bond-Buckup & Buckup, especially regarding feeding habits, trophic niche breadth and food preferences. We also identified the benthic fauna of the studied watercourses. Samplings were done from August 1999 to August 2000 on the Mineiro creek (29º 30' 0,2''S and 50º 46' 50''W), Taquara, and on a creek forming the Tainhas river (29º 15' 30,2''S and 50º 13' 12,5'' W), São Francisco de Paula, RS. The benthic fauna, collected with a Suber sampler, was analysed in the laboratory and the animals identified and quantified. For the stomach analysis we collected juveniles and adults of A. platensis and A. ligulata, at four different times of the day. Stomach contents were analysed using: the Fulness Degree (FD), the Frequency of Occurrence (FO), the Method of Points (MP) and the Feeding Index (FI). Cluster Analyses and Principal Coordinates Analyses were used to compare the diets of juvenile and adults, along with variations in food items across the size classes. We used Levins’s trophic niche breadth in the calculations. In the identification of food preferences three methods were employed: 1) Forage Ratio (FR), 2) Electivity Index (Ei) and Rank Preference Index (ti). The primary representatives of the benthonic macrofauna sampled in this study were Insecta, Crustacea, Acarina and Mollusca. In terms of the diversity indexes, the Tainhas creek had relatively higher average values than the Taquara creek. In the stomachs of the studied aeglids we found plant detritus, algae, sand, immature insects of the orders Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera and microcrustaceans. There were no significant differences between the feeding habits of males and females of both species. However, values of FD were higher at 24h em A. platensis and at 18h em A. ligulata. The multivariate analyses detected differences in the diets of juvenile and adults of both species. The analysis of the trophic niche breadth showed that A. platensis had larger values in autumn, whilst A. ligulata had larger values during winter. Regarding the food preference, it can be seen that for both species the favoured item was immature Insecta. Based on these information it can be concluded that these aeglids are, regarding their natural diet, omnivorous generalists, and also opportunistic.
Oliveira, Bruno Halluan Soares de. "Autoecologia do lagarto Anotosaura vanzolinia (squamata: gymnophthalmidade) em àrea de caatinga no estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8223.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The objectives this study were analyze aspects of the natural history of populations of the lizard Gymnophthalmidae Anotosaura vanzolinia present in Paraíba, through information about microhabitat, morphology, diet, and reproduction. The data used this study are samples from Forest Park Complexo Aluízio Campos and a forest located in the district São José da Mata, both in Paraíba. Sampling was conducted monthly from March-April, July-August 2011 and May 2013 to June 2014, using pitfall traps and active searching diurnal, from 08.00 to 17.00, where we analyzed the microhabitat use, air temperature and substrate and solar incidence. Individuals were collected in shaded environments, found mainly buried in the soil, confirming its fossorial behavior. Their diet consisted mainly of soil insects, being termites and ants the most important prey for their feed. Ants were more important for juveniles, which showed niche breadth significantly greater than adults. The species showed sexual dimorphism in size and body shape, with females larger snout-vent lengths than males. Its reproduction occurs during rainy season, with hatchling emerging at the end of the rainy season and early dry season, with average snout-vent length 18.85 ± 0.44 mm. The clutch size is fixed to two eggs per pregnant female and they deposit more than clutch during breeding season.
Os objetivos desse trabalho foram analisar aspectos da história natural de populações do lagarto Gymnophthalmidae Anotosaura vanzolinia presente na Paraíba, através de informações sobre uso do microhabitat, morfometria, dieta e reprodução. Os dados utilizados nesse estudo são provenientes de coletas realizadas no parque florestal Complexo Aluízio Campos e em um fragmento florestal localizado no distrito de São José da Mata, ambos na Paraíba. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente entre março-abril, julho-agosto de 2011 e de maio de 2013 a junho de 2014, utilizando-se de armadilhas de queda pitfall-traps e de buscas ativas diurnas, das 08h00 às 17h00, onde foram analisados o microhabitat utilizado, temperatura do ar e do substrato e a incidência solar. Os indivíduos foram coletados em ambientes sombreados, encontrados principalmente enterrados no solo, confirmando seu comportamento fossorial. Sua dieta consistiu principalmente de insetos de solo, sendo formigas e cupins as presas mais importantes de sua alimentação. Formigas foram mais importantes em indivíduos juvenis, que apresentaram largura de nicho significativamente menor que a de indivíduos adultos. A espécie apresentou dimorfismo sexual no tamanho e forma do corpo, sendo fêmeas com maiores comprimentos rostro-cloacal que machos. Sua reprodução ocorre durante a estação chuvosa, com filhotes emergindo no fim da estação chuvosa e início da estação seca, com médias de comprimento rostro-cloacal de 18,85 ± 0,44 mm. O tamanho da ninhada da espécie é fixado em dois ovos por fêmea grávida e elas depositam mais de uma ninhada durante a estação reprodutiva.
SALLES, Évila da Silva Lopes. "Responsividade das células natural killer uterinas DBA+ às alterações nutricionais durante a prenhez de camundongos." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2014. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/469.
Full textNutritional changes during pregnancy can be harmful to the mother's body and have direct effects in offspring, which can be clarified by uterine components analyses during pregnancy in animal models. Among these components, we can highlight the uterine natural killer cells (uNK), which representing 70% of the lymphocyte population in the murine and humans pregnant uterus. This work aims to evaluate the effects of nutritional changes during mice pregnancy through morphological and behavioral studies. Pregnant mice have received from 1st gestation day (gd) control diet (CD), high- carbohydrate (HC) carbohydrate- 77.7%, high-fat (HF) - 32.5% fat, high-protein (HP) - protein 31.26% and were exposed to food restriction (FR) – 4g CD/day. The animals are killed at 10th gd. Intake, behavior, morphology, cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, morphometry and stereological Analyzes was undertaken by focusing on uNK. Our data showed that food intake and blood glucose levels of all experimental groups didn’t change, although the weight increased in the HF and decreased in the FR animals. Behavioral analysis in the FR group showed an anxiolytic state, since HF exhibited similar apathy state. Part of the female FR and HC had gestational failure, and implantation sites (SI) resorption were identified in the FR. Analyses by DBA lectin cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry and stereological studies showed HF and HC diets were able to cause marked changes in uNK, decreasing the expression of uNK surface and granules Gal-D-NAc, which enabled the observation of an DBA-lectin altered kind of uterine NK cell (uNKa), with less reactivity to the perforin in their granules. In the endometrium, there was an increased reactivity for Casp-3 and a decreased expression of the α-actin vessels. The changes were less prominent in the uNK from HP and RA animals. HP uNKa were smaller in number than in HF and HC, and had increased morphological senescent uNK subtype, weak casp-3 reaction and strong blood vessels α-actin expression. Similarly to the control animals, in FR, the uNKa were rare, and there was not changes in the perforin or actin vessels expression. However, the FR animals showed a apparently delay in the uNK differentiation as large presence of casp-3. These results showed for the first time different diets could triggering uNK DBA-reactive response as can change mouse uterine microenvironment up to 10th gd.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG
Remeur, Camille. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de dérivés de la meiogynine A, un produit naturel, qui ciblent la restauration de l'apoptose." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS158.
Full textApoptosis, or programmed death, is used by multicellular organisms to regulate tissue homeostasis through the elimination of useless or potentially harmful cells. One of the main apoptotic pathways is controlled by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. These proteins are divided into pro-apoptotic members (as Bak or Bid) and anti-apoptotic members (as Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 or Bcl-2). In some cancers, they are often overexpressed in many kinds of cancer or are involved in the resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting these proteins is a highly promising strategy for anticancer therapy that has emerged over the last decades. Our team underwent a bioassay-guided screening of various plants extracts. A few years ago, meiogynin A, a dimeric sesquiterpenoid was isolated from a Malaysian tree bark using a bioassay-guided screening. This compound is a natural bcl-xL and Mcl-1 inhibitor. Total synthesis of meiogynine A was developped by our team and the final step is a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between a triene and a dienophile. Then, the synthesis of two anlogues was performed, where the cyclohexane is replaced by an aromatic, and they shown a good biological activity in vitro and in celullo. Nevertheless, the Diels-Alder reaction is very slow. In order to improve triene reactivity and to perform structure activity relationship in the south part of meiogynine A, the synthesis of various original chlorinated triene functionnalized in the aromatic was realised. Two differents dienophiles was synthesized in order to modify the east part of the molecule. Several analogues were obtained et were evaluated on Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 proteins.Also, preliminary studies on protein/ligand interaction was started by the synthesis of two photoactivable probes
Muscroft-Taylor, Andrew Clive. "Investigations of the type ii intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction directed toward natural product synthesis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1290.
Full textMcFarland, Heather Lynn. "An intramolecular Diels-Alder approach towards the total synthesis of the natural product phorbol." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337143.
Full textLai, Betty. "Exposure to a Natural Disaster (Hurricane Ike) and Children's Diet and Activity Levels." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/578.
Full textBeatriz, Adilson. "Estudos sobre a síntese de heliangolidos pela reação de Diels-Alder." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-25102001-125134/.
Full textThe aim of this work was to develop methods to synthesize the main carbon skeleton of the furanoheliangolides. Goyazensolide is a typical example of these natural products, whose core structure is a bicyclo[6.2.1]undecane. We envisioned that this framework could be prepared through the Diels-Alder reaction followed by a cleavage of an internal bond of the polycyclic ring system. In our first attempt, we were able to prepare the dimesilate 75, but the desired cleavage of the C2-C7 bond could not be effected, neither under solvolytic conditions, nor by base treatment, complex mixtures being the result in all attempts. Our next approach was based in the possible thermal rearrangement of the system consisting of two fused cyclobutane rings (a tetracyclo[6.2.1.02,7.03,6]undecane ring system). However, although compounds 87 and 101 could be prepared in good yields, no photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition product could be obtained from them. Finally, in our third approach, based in a retro aldol reaction, we succeeded in preparing the desired bicyclo[6.2.1]undecane system 117 by treatment of 116 with NaH in refluxing toluene. Compound 116 was prepared by two different ways, both involving Diels-Alder reactions.
Apoux, Sophie Arlette Berthe Helene. "An intramolecular Diels-Alder approach towards the colletofragarones using 2-vinylfuran substrates." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343325.
Full textOliveira, Camila. "História natural de Copionodon pecten, espécie de tricomicterídeo endêmica da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12927.
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CNPq
A história natural da Copionodon pecten é registrada aqui com base em observações de espécimes que habitam Rio Coisa Boa, na drenagem do Rio Paraguaçu, Chapada Diamantina. Este bagre é principalmente bentônico e habita áreas abaixo das corredeiras, sobre substrato rochoso. O período de atividade, distribuição espacial, estratégia de forrageamento, dieta e reação à variação de luminosidade variam de acordo com estágio ontogenético, juntamente com características de morfologia externa. Pequenos juvenis são ativos diurnos, principalmente na coluna da água da borda das piscinas, com uma dieta baseada principalmente em Spirogyra sp. Subadultos e adultos de C. pecten são principalmente ativos noturnos, quando se espalham em todas as áreas de piscinas rasas, são principalmente de fundo e se alimentam principalmente de um complexo de algas perifíticas raspado do substrato. O trato digestivo longo está de acordo com a dieta, principalmente nos que se alimentam de algas. Insetos aquáticos imaturos também são importante item alimentar ao longo da vida do peixe. Pistas químicas, táteis e visuais são utilizados por C. pecten para forrageamento. Individuos pequenos pessoas são preferencialmente gregários à noite, distintos de uma sociabilidade mais diurna em indivíduos maiores, geralmente com polarização contracorrente. Estes últimos são, aparentemente, mais numerosos na população. Nenhum período reprodutivo distinto foi registrado para C. pecten no período estudado, com a presença de indivíduos maduros durante todo o ano e ovócitos em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento em ovários, indicando desova múltipla durante um período reprodutivo longo. As espécies apresentam baixo número de oócitos, sem cuidado parental, ou dimorfismo sexual externo. Juvenis pequenos de C. pecten tem pouca reação ou sção indiferentes presença da luz, mas a medida que o peixe cresce começa uma reação mais evidente, com tendência a estar em lugares relativamente mais profundos ou um pouco protegidos. Pecten Copionodon é um peixe-gato de pouca territoridade, com dominância fraca e tamanho relacionado, principalmente apresentado em relação aos alimentos e abrigo, e ausência de repertório comportamental complexo.
Salvador
Aragão, Valquiria. "Síntese da estrutura macrocíclica dos furanoeliangolidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-16072007-140303/.
Full textFuranoheliangolides are bioactive natural products containing a peculiar macrocyclic structure. The synthesis of these compounds has been a matter of considerable interest to several researchers. In the last few years, our research group has dedicated some efforts to develop synthetic methods for the preparation of the core structure of the furanoheliangolides, particularly goyazensolide. The core structure of this natural product corresponds to the 7- oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undecane system. This natural product has several biological activities, such as schistosomicidal, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory. Our methodology uses, as a key step, the Diels-Alder reaction. After the preparation of the polycyclic system, the cleavage of the internal bond of the rings should furnish the desired macrocycle. In this work, three synthetic routes to the preparation of the core structure of the furanoheliangolides were studied. In the first route, the Diels-Alder reaction between 2-methylfuran and methyl 3-bromopropiolate, occurred with unusually high regioselectivity The cyclization reaction for the formation of the polycyclic system was investigated with three different compounds. However, none of these reactions furnished the desired product, but resulted instead in complex mixtures of products. These results showed the difficulty to perform cyclization reactions in compounds of this type. Other substrates could have been used, but considering these discouraging initial results, we preferred to start the studies of a new synthetic route. In the second route we were still attempting to introduce a three-carbon group to form the new six-membered ring; the main modification was that we would now start from the other side of the molecule. The aldehyde could be obtained in good yield, but the aldol reaction product of this aldehyde with the ketone is very unstable. As we have found in experiments with a simple ketal, the hydrolysis of ketals of this type require rather strong acidic treatment. Therefore, the aldol product would not withstand these conditions, so we abandoned these studies. In the third synthetic route, the methodology consisted of building the polycyclic system through two Diels-Alder reactions followed by an ozonolysis reaction to cleave the central double bond. The stereochemistry of the addut obtained in the second Diels-Alder reaction was confirmed by NMR studies. The ozonolysis of this product produced the desired core of the furanoheliangolides. As the imide group of this macrocycle is very resistant to hydrolysis and other reactions, we have also developed a modification that produces a more treatable product. The diene used in this second Diels-Alder reaction does not give Diels-Alder adduct with maleic anhydride, but it reacts well with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give correspondent addut. The two double bonds of this addut are sufficiently different from each other to permit the selective ozonolysis of the more nucleophilic central bond. In this last synthetic route, two macrocycles were prepared in seven steps, involving two Diels-Alder reactions, with overall yields of 36.3% and 42.1%, respectively.
Lizama, Valdivia Patricio Fernando. "Efecto de la incorporación de una zeolita natural sobre la palatabilidad de dietas para perros." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130976.
Full textSe evaluó la palatabilidad de dietas para perros adultos en mantención que incluían niveles crecientes (0; (Control)1,25; 2,50 y 3,75%) de una zeolita natural nacional del tipo Clinoptilolita. Se utilizó el tipo de ensayo de palatabilidad de dos comederos, en los que se utilizaron 19 perros adultos, los que fueron alimentados una vez al día, y se determino la primera selección y el consumo total de cada dieta. Los resultados fueron analizados por una prueba de “t” para muestras asociadas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la incorporación de 1,25% de zeolita en la dieta, aumentó significativamente (p≤0,05) el consumo de la dieta y lo inverso ocurrió cuando se incluyeron los niveles superiores (2,50 y 3,75%) de la zeolita. La dieta con 2,50% de zeolita, presentó un mayor consumo (p≤0,05) en relación a la dieta que contenía 3,75% de zeolita y por último la dieta control presentó un mayor consumo (p≤0,05) en relación a las dietas que contenían 2,50 y 3,75% de zeolita, respectivamente. La incorporación de 1,25% de zeolita en la dieta favoreció el primer consumo, en comparación a la dieta control y a las dietas que contenían concentraciones mayores de zeolita. Una respuesta similar se obtuvo con el porcentaje de incorporación del 3,75% al compararlo con la dieta control. A diferencia, la incorporación de 2,50% de zeolita en la dieta, no afectó el primer consumo al compararlo con las dietas que contenían 0 y 3,75% de zeolita
Bigaran, Joseane Thereza. "Consumo de frutas e hortaliças \"in natura\" no município de Piracicaba/SP e sua implicação socioeconômica no estado nutricional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-23102012-102047/.
Full textThis study aimed to identifying and quantifying the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables in Piracicaba/SP, and its involvement in nutritional status through a socioeconomic approach. The sample was defined by statistical methodology using probabilistic techniques of simple random with sampling aleatory households selection considering the residing in Piracicaba population. To calculate the sample size it was used the design sampling for proportions and percentages formula. In total 277 people were interviewed who had a mean age of 37 years. The results showed that 57% of the people interviewed have taken the 5 servings of fruits and vegetables recommended by health agencies, while 43% eat below the recommended.
Jorge, Sara Silva. "Effect of microalgae in Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) diets." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/94530.
Full textTu, Yu-Chia, and 杜宇佳. "Compare development of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) in different artificial diets and natural diets." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30480218587648622284.
Full text中興大學
昆蟲學系所
95
The Oriental latrine fly (Chrysomya megacephala) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is distributed worldwide and known for producing myiasis in humans and other animals and transmitting pathogens mechanically. The objective of this study is to compare the development performance of this fly on various diets. Larvae of the Oriental latrine fly were reared on two kinds of artificial diets and one natural food. One of the artificial diets is called the milky artificial diets, and the ingredients include whole dried milk, yeast powder, and agar. The other artificial diet is called the fish meal diet, and composed of fish meal powder, yeast powder, and agar. The natural food: flesh pork liver. The results indicated that no significant difference was observed in weight of pupa between two artificial diets and flesh pork liver. Fly reared on artificial diets had better pupating rate and emergence rate than those reared on flesh pork liver. The milky artificial diet seems to be a suitable diet for use in laboratory experiment.
Jorge, Sara Silva. "Effect of microalgae in Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) diets." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/94530.
Full textMoutinho, Sara Patrícia Pinto. "Potential use of meat and bone meal in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/82318.
Full textQuinzico, Isa da Silva. "Application of brewery spent grain by-product extract produced through solidstate fermentation in European sea bass diets." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132057.
Full textMoutinho, Sara Patrícia Pinto. "Potential use of meat and bone meal in diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/82318.
Full textCampos, Pedro Miguel Azevedo Reis Moreira. "Potential use of poultry meal in diets for gilthead seabream (sparus aurata): effect on growth performance, feed utilization and digestibility." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/100115.
Full textQuinzico, Isa da Silva. "Application of brewery spent grain by-product extract produced through solidstate fermentation in European sea bass diets." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132057.
Full textCampos, Pedro Miguel Azevedo Reis Moreira. "Potential use of poultry meal in diets for gilthead seabream (sparus aurata): effect on growth performance, feed utilization and digestibility." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/100115.
Full textVishnumohan, Shyamala Chemical Sciences & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Natural folates ?? method development, analysis andbioavailability of the most predominant 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in mixed diets in humans." 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41265.
Full textMateus, Rute Luis de Almeida. "EVALUATION OF ALGAL BIOMASSES IN DIETS FOR GILTHEAD SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) JUVENILES- EFFECTS ON IMMUNE CONDITION AND GENERAL PERFORMANCE." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/131972.
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