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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural compatibilizer'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Moolsin, Supat, Nattawud Saksayamkul, and Adul Na Wichien. "Natural rubber grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) as compatibilizer in 50/50 natural rubber/nitrile rubber blend." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 49, no. 5 (October 7, 2016): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244316671021.

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The effects of graft copolymers applied as compatibilizers for natural rubber/nitrile rubber (NR/NBR) blends at 50/50 (w/w) on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal properties, oil resistance, and morphology were investigated. The graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto NR initiated by benzoyl peroxide (NR- g-PMMA<BPO>) and by potassium persulfate (NR- g-PMMA<PPS>) under emulsion polymerization were synthesized and used to compatibilize the blends. The structures of the copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NR was blended with NBR via a two-roll mill at 70°C under the compatibilizer loading ranging from 0 to 10 parts per hundred of rubber (phr). The results showed that the tensile property and tear strength of the blends increased with the increasing amount of NR- g-PMMA<BPO> as a compatibilizer. Thermal aging determined in terms of tensile properties exhibited the smaller difference between before and after aging in an oven with the increasing compatibilizer loading. The morphology of the compatibilized NR/NBR vulcanizates was investigated by scanning electron microscopy of the tensile fracture surfaces, which exhibited the improvement of interfacial adhesion between the two rubber phases. The thermal properties of compatibilized NR/NBR vulcanizates were reported in terms of a glass transition temperature under differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The incorporation of an appropriate amount of the compatibilizer into the blends apparently improved the oil resistance of NR. Among them, the blend filled with 7.5 phr of NR- g-PMMA<BPO> showed the lowest volume change in IRM 903 oil.
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2

Roy, Kumarjyoti, Subhas Chandra Debnath, Aphiwat Pongwisuthiruchte, and Pranut Potiyaraj. "NATURAL RUBBER/MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE COMPOSITES WITH EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER AS COMPATIBILIZER." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 92, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.19.81533.

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ABSTRACT An exploration of the effect of epoxidized NR with 50 mole% epoxide groups (ENR-50) as compatibilizer on the rubber–filler interaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-filled NR composites was conducted. The compatibilizing efficiency of ENR-50 was systematically examined in terms of cure and mechanical and thermal properties of NR/MCC composites. ENR-50 compatibilized NR/MCC composites showed moderate enhancement in the maximum rheometric torque and tensile properties compared to either uncompatibilized NR/MCC composite or unfilled NR system. The solvent uptake measurements indicated improved interfacial interaction between NR matrix and MCC in presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. A thermogravimetric analysis confirmed excellent improvement in the thermal stability of NR/MCC composite in the presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to explain the probable mechanism of interaction between NR matrix and MCC in the presence of ENR-50.
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3

Hayeemasae, Nabil, Zareedan Sensem, Indra Surya, Kannika Sahakaro, and Hanafi Ismail. "Synergistic Effect of Maleated Natural Rubber and Modified Palm Stearin as Dual Compatibilizers in Composites based on Natural Rubber and Halloysite Nanotubes." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040766.

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The performance of rubber composite relies on the compatibility between rubber and filler. This is specifically of concern when preparing composites with very different polarities of the rubber matrix and the filler. However, a suitable compatibilizer can mediate the interactions. In this study, composites of natural rubber (NR) with halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were prepared with maleated natural rubber (MNR) and modified palm stearin (MPS) as dual compatibilizers. The MPS dose ranged within 0.5–1.5 phr, while the MNR dose was fixed at 10 phr in all formulations. It was found that the mixed MNR/MPS significantly enhanced modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength of the composites. The improvements were mainly due to improved rubber-HNT interactions arising from hydrogen bonds formed in the presence of these two compatibilizers. This was clearly verified by observing the Payne effect. Apart from that, the MPS also acted as a plasticizer to provide improved dispersion of HNT. It was clearly demonstrated that MNR and MPS as dual compatibilizers improved rubber-HNT interactions and reduced filler-filler interactions, which then improved tensile and tear strengths, as well as dynamical properties. Therefore, the mix of MNR and MPS had a great potential to compatibilize non-polar rubber with HNT filler.
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4

Nitiyah, K. K., Luqman Musa, M. S. M. Rasidi, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Rozyanty Rahman, Ahmad Azrem Azmi, and Allan Rennie. "A review on graft compatibilizer for thermoplastic elastomer blend." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2080, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012003.

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Abstract A biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend is developed by blending poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and natural rubber (NR) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and it is a sustainable substitution in recent years for synthetic polymers. PLA is high in mechanical strength and compostable, but it is highly stiff and brittle. The incorporation of NR or ENR to PLA increases the impact strength and toughness of PLA. However, the disparity in polarity between PLA and elastomer phase like NR and ENR results in TPE blend being incompatible. Hence, compatibilization is essential to improve its polarity and develop interactions. Compatibilizer that composed of two different polymer is known is graft compatibilizer with the aid of grafting agent. The graft compatibilizers are divided into two categories. The first type is made up of one polymer and grafting agent and, the other one is composed of two polymer groups and grafting agent. These two types of graft compatibilizer can be prepared via two different method such as direct melt blending and solution. Apart from this, the TPE blend is produced via the melt blending technique with mixing machines such as internal mixer and extruder. This article has reviewed the preparation of the graft compatibilizer and blending technique of TPE. Based on the findings, the graft compatibilizers has a significant role in improving miscibility and compatibility across blend composed of different phase.
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5

Sam, S. T., Nurul Hani, H. Ismail, Nik Noriman, and S. Ragunathan. "Investigation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR 50) as a Compatibilizer on Cogon Grass Filled Low Density Polyethylene/Soya Spent Flour." Materials Science Forum 803 (August 2014): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.803.310.

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Natural fiber reinforced composites are increasingly being used in various applications area. Therefore, the processing method and physical properties of these composites are very important parameters in product quality and quaranty. This paper focused on the tensile properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and water absorption of cogon grass (CG) with low density polyethylene (LDPE)/soya spent flour (SSF) composites. The tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb) of uncompatibilized CG with LDPE/ SSF decreased significantly with increasing of fiber content. However, the Young’s modulus increased with increasing of CG loading. The presence of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) as a compatibilizer increased the tensile strength, Eband Young’s modulus of the composites when compared to uncompatibilized composites. Fourier transform infrared results show distinguishable peaks for compatibilized and uncompatibilized composites. The water absorption for both uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites increased from day 1 until day 21. The presence of ENR 50 as compatibilizer showed lower water absorption percentage compared to uncompatibilized composites.
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6

Potiyaraj, Pranut, Sittiporn Ngamsurat, and Wasan Poklong. "Mechanical Properties of Montmorillonite-Filled Natural Rubbers Compatibilized by Epoxidized Natural Rubbers." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.93.

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The effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer in modified-montmorillonite filled natural rubber were studied. Natural rubber was compounded with 2, 5 and 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of organomodified montmorillonite as a reinforcing filler and cured by using a conventional sulfuric system. Epoxidized natural rubber with 25 and 50 mol% epoxidic units (ENR25 and ENR50, respectively) was used as compatibilizer at the amount of 5, 10 and 15 phr. Rubber compounds were then tested for their curing properties. Test specimens for mechanical testing were prepared by compression molding. The use of montmorillonite as a filler in natural rubber efficiently improved mechanical properties that are tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, tear strength and hardness, especially with the small amount of montmorillonite. This is supposed to be related to intercalation and exfoliation process. The increasing amount of montmorillonite caused the filler to be agglomerated thus the reinforcing efficiency was reduced and some mechanical properties were dropped. It was further founded that epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized montmorillonite filled natural rubber effectively. As the amount of epoxidized natural rubber increased, the mechanical properties tended to increase. The presence of epoxidized natural rubber improved filler-rubber interaction and filler dispersion. The compatibilizing efficiency of ENR25 was slightly superior to that of ENR50. This is because ENR 25 contains more double bonds than ENR 50 hence higher strain-induced crystallinity is occurred
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7

Tan, Jing-Hua, Xiao-Ping Wang, Yi-Wu Liu, Yuan-Fang Luo, De-Min Jia, Yue-Jun Liu, Yu-Feng Xiong, and Wen-Tao Wang. "Effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer on latex compounded natural rubber-clay nanocomposites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0366.

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Abstract Natural rubber (NR)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were produced by latex compounding method. The effects of ENR as a compatibilizer on NR/MMT nanocomposites were investigated. The addition of ENR brought intercalation or exfoliation of the clay, which improved the clay dispersion in the rubber matrix, as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). The interfacial interaction of ENR with MMT was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The vulcanization was hindered by the incorporation of ENR, while the mechanical performances, thermal stability and ageing resistance were improved. The glass transition temperature and storage modulus increased with ENR loading, which was corroborated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
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8

Prasertsri, Sarawut, Pranee Nuinu, Sansanee Srichan, Siriwat Radabutra, Chaiwute Vudjung, and Saowaluk Boonyod. "Compatibilization Efficiency of Polybutadiene-Grafted Maleic Anhydride in Ethylene-Propylene Diene Rubber/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends." Key Engineering Materials 705 (August 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.705.45.

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This research aims to investigate the efficiency of polybutadiene-grafted maleic anhydride (PB-g-MAH) as the compatibilizer for ethylene-propylene diene rubber and epoxidized natural rubber (EPDM/ENR) blends. PB-g-MAH was varied from 0-10 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and the cure characteristics, mechanical and dynamic properties of 70/30 EPDM/ENR blends with and without compatibilizer were evaluated. It was found that the minimum torque, maximum torque, scorch and cure times of the blends increased after adding PB-g-MAH, whereas cure rate decreased. The morphology of the blend is improved by the addition of PB-g-MAH in small amounts, owing to an improved compatibility of these rubbers confirmed by dynamic mechanical property. The hardness and oil resistance increased with increasing PB-g-MAH content. Of all blends investigated, the blend compatibilized with 2-4 phr of PB-g-MAH shows the optimum mechanical properties and thermal resistance.
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9

Siraj, Sidra, Ali H. Al-Marzouqi, and Muhammad Z. Iqbal. "Development and Mechano-Chemical Characterization of Polymer Composite Sheets Filled with Silica Microparticles with Potential in Printing Industry." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163351.

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Polymer composite sheets using a low-cost filler (local natural sand) and polymer (high-density polyethylene, HDPE) as a replacement of the traditionally used wood-fiber-based sheets for paper-based applications were developed. The sand/polymer composite sheets were prepared by melt extrusion in a melt blender followed by compression molding. The effects of varying particle size, concentration, and the use of a compatibilizer (polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride) was studied on the mechano-chemical performance properties of the composite sheets such as morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, and wettability characteristics used in the printing industry. In terms of thermal stability, filler (sand) or compatibilizer addition did not alter the crystallization, melting, or degradation temperatures significantly, thereby promoting good thermal stability of the prepared sheets. Compatibilization improved anti-wetting property with water. Additionally, for the compatibilized sheets prepared from 25 µm sand particles, at 35 wt%, the contact angle with printing ink decreased from 44° to 38.30°, suggesting improved ink-wetting performance. A decrease in the elastic modulus was also observed with the addition of the compatibilizer, with comparable results to commercial stone paper. Results from this study will be considered as a first step towards understanding compatibility of local natural sand and polymers for paper-based application.
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10

Faisal, Z. H. Tengku, Faisal Amri, and Iqmal Tahir. "EFFECT OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE POLYPROPYLENE ON THE PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL FILLED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERIC OLEFIN COMPOSITES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (July 21, 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21453.

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Coconut shell (CS) is one of agro-waste material which has high natural lignocellulosics content. This material provides a potential resource as a reinforcement agent in thermoplastic elastomeric olefin (TEO). In this study, CS was used as filler in TEO composites. The effect of CS loading and Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) as compatibilizer on mechanical properties, morphology and thermal properties were studied. Results show that the increasing of CS loading has increased the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus of TEO/CS composites. At similar content, the effect of PP-g-MA as compatibilizer has improved the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus of TEO/CS composites. The SEM study of the tensile fracture surface of compatibilized composites indicates that the presence of PP-g-MA increased the interfacial interaction. TGA results show that the composites with addition of MAPP as a compatibilizer has better the thermal stability compared to composites without addition of MAPP at 600 °C. DSC analysis showed that the addition of MAPP decreases the crystallinity of TEO/CS composites. It was found that the presence of MAPP will extended the molecular chain of the TEO/CS composites. Keywords: thermoplastic olefin, coconut shell, compatibilizer, composites
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11

Abdullah Sani, Nur Syazana, Agus Arsad, Abdul Razak Rahmat, and Nor Nisa Balqis Mohammad. "Effects of Compatibilizer on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA/NR Blends." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.241.

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The aim of the research is to study the effects of compatibilizer on thermal and mechanical properties ofbiopolymer poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and natural rubber (NR) blends. PLA was blended with NR in the composition of 95/5 weight percentage with present of compatibilizer. The compatibilizers, PLA grafted maleic anhydride (MA) (PLA-g-MA) and NR grafted MA (NR-g-MA) were synthesized in a composition of 9 phr of MA by using internal mixer in presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The formulations of PLA/NR blended with the compatibilizer were in the range of 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.% of PLA-g-MA and NR-g-MA, respectively. Blending process was conducted using twin screw extruder then were pelletized and hot pressed before characterized. The mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact) and thermal properties of the blends was investigated and from the results, the addition of PLA-g-MA in PLA/NR blendimproved the impact strength and elongation at break of the blends as compared with neat PLA and PLA/NR blend without compatibilizer and for thermal stability, it only had a slight influence on the blends. Addition of NR-g-MA on contrary did not give improvement on mechanical properties but increasing in thermal stability.
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12

Tuampoemsab, Surakit, Saad Riyajan, Thritima Sritapunya, and Pornsri Pakeyangkoon. "Effect of Epoxide Group in Thermoplastic Elastomer on the Properties of Polyamide6 and Low-Density Polyethylene Blends." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.143.

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Studies on the effect of percentages of epoxide group in thermoplastic elastomer as a compatibilizer on properties of polyamide6 (PA6) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was successfully carried out in this study. Thermoplastic epoxidized natural rubber (TPENR), made from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and LDPE, prepared from 3 types of ENR, i.e., ENR-20, ENR-50 and ENR-70, with the ratio of 90/10 of LDPE/ENR by weight. TPENR was applied as a compatibilizer into the blend of PA6/LDPE/TPENR at the ratio by weight of 80/20/1 by using a twin screw extruder at 235°C. All test specimens were characterized for phase morphology, impact strength and rheological behaviour. Results exhibited that phase morphology of PA6/LDPE blend was incompatible. The addition of TPENR improved the compatibility of PA6/LDPE blends. With inclusion of TPENR-20 as a compatibilizer, the uniformity and the maximum reduction of dispersed phase sized were observed. Moreover, it was revealed that the rheological properties such as shear viscosity increased when compared with PA6/LDPE incompatible blend. In addition, it was found that the highest shear viscosity and also the highest impact strength were obtained for the blend of PA6/LDPE compatibilized by TPENR-20. This result was further supported by SEM images, which showed that the smallest dispersed phase size occurred when a TPENR-20 was used as a compatibilizer. So, it was clearly demonstrated in this study that the suitable type of TPENR, i.e., TPENR-20, has an effect on improving phase morphology and properties of PA6/LDPE blends.
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13

Saramolee, Prachid, Kannika Sahakaro, Natinee Lopattananon, Wilma Dierkes, and Jacques W. M. Noordermeer. "Property Enhancement of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Compatibilized with Epoxidized Low Molecular Weight Rubber by Extra Sulfur." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.235.

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The properties of both compounds and vulcanizates of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compatibilized with epoxidized low molecular weight natural rubbers (ELMWNRs) consisting of 12 and 28 mol% epoxide are investigated. The ELMWNRs with a molecular weight range of 50,000 to 60,000 g/mol are produced by depolymerization of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) latex using periodic acid, and then used as compatibilizer in a range of 0 to 15 phr in virgin NR. The compounds with LMWNR without epoxide groups, and with bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) coupling agent are also prepared for comparison purpose. Incorporation of ELMWNRs lowers Mooney viscosity and Payne effect to the level closed to that of silica/TESPT compound, and clearly enhances the modulus and tensile strength of vulcanizates compared to the compounds with no compatibilizer and LMWNR. The higher epoxide groups content results in the better tensile properties but somewhat less than the compound with TESPT. Addition of extra sulfur into the compounds with LMWNR and ELMWNRs to compensate for the sulfur released from silane molecule in the silica/TESPT system shows small influence on Mooney viscosity, but remarkably enhances 300% modulus, tensile strength and loss tangent at 60°C as a result of the better network formation.
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14

Dahham, Omar Sabbar, N. Z. Noriman, Kamarudin Husin, S. T. Sam, M. F. Omar, A. M. Mustafa Al Bakri, and H. Rosniza. "The Effects of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) on the Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Natural Latex Gloves (NBR/NRL-G) Compounds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 815 (November 2015): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.815.59.

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The using of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) as a compatibilizer with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/recycled natural latex gloves (NBR/NRL-G) has been investigated. The compounds were prepared with different (TOR) loading (0, 2, 4,6 and 8 Phr) using two roll mills at room temperature. The properties such as cure characteristics, tensile properties, physical properties and morphology were studied. The compatibilized (NBR/NRL-G) compounds exhibited overall good cure characteristics, morphological and physical properties compared uncompatibilized (NBR/NRL-G) compound. The addition of the (TOR) up to 6 Phr was the optimum tensile strength.
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15

Sengloyluan, Karnda, Kannika Sahakaro, and Jacques W. M. Noordermeer. "Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Compounds Compatibilized through the Use of Epoxide Functional Groups and TESPT Combination." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.272.

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Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) were used to improve the properties of silica-filled NR. The use of ENR containing 51 mol% epoxide groups (ENR-51) as a compatibilizer without TESPT was optimized at 7.5 phr, based on the results of Payne effect and tensile strength. By using 7.5 phr of ENR-51 with varying amounts of TESPT in a range of 2 to 5 wt% relative to the silica, the properties of compounds were compared to those of the ones with optimum TESPT content (i.e. 8.6 wt% relative to the silica) and without. The addition of TESPT to the ENR-51 compatibilized silica-filled NR compound had no effect on Mooney viscosity but lowered the Payne effect to the same level as that of the silica/TESPT compound, and significantly decreased both scorch and optimum cure times. The silica-filled NR with ENR and the small amount of TESPT combination showed a further increase in tensile strength to match that of the optimized silica/TESPT system, while maintained the elongation at break. This work demonstrates that the use of ENR as compatibilizer clearly enhances the properties of silica-filled NR compounds, and that such properties can be further improved by adding TESPT at a half or less amount of TESPT normally needed for silica-filled compounds.
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16

Ismail, H., H. P. S. Khalil, and Y. Tsukahara. "Styrene butadiene rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends: Compatibilizer effects." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 51, no. 11 (January 2002): 1031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714975686.

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17

Fatin, M. H., N. Z. Noimam, S. T. Sam, M. Z. Salihin, Z. Norhafizah, and N. Z. Nik Yahya. "The Effect of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) as Compatibilizer on Recycled Nitrile Glove (NBRr) Filled Natural Rubber Compound: Tensile Test and Morphology Studies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.305.

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Tensile test and morphology studies were performed to determine the influences of Trans-polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) as compatibilizer of NBRr filled ENR 50 with composition of 15 phr. Fine size (300μm-700μm) of NBRr was used as fillers. Both uncompatibilized and compatibilized NBRr/ENR 50 were prepared using two roll mill at room temperature with different php of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0. It can be observed that tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were decreased as increased in TOR loading before started to increased at 1.5 up to 3.0. Meanwhile, the increment in the value of elongation at break when increased in the addition of TOR. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile surface fracture of increased TOR loading illustrated a better adhesion and dispersion in comparison of low amount of TOR loading.
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18

Hashim, Azanam S., and S?K Ong. "Study on polypropylene/natural rubber blend with polystyrene-modified natural rubber as compatibilizer." Polymer International 51, no. 7 (2002): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.920.

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19

Angnanon, Siriya, Pattarapan Prasassarakich, and Napida Hinchiranan. "Styrene/Acrylonitrile Graft Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer in Rubber Blends." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 50, no. 11 (July 15, 2011): 1170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2011.574667.

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20

Sánchez-Valdés, Saul, and M. L. López-Quintanilla. "Polyethylene-Clay Nanocomposites Using Ionomeric Compatibilizer." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1399.

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Nanocomposites made of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and two different types of clays were obtained and studied by using zinc neutralized carboxylate ionomer as a compatibilizer. Two different clays, natural montmorillonite (Closite Na+) and a chemically modified clay Closite 20A has been used. Nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder using two mixing methods: two-step mixing and one-step mixing. The relative influence of each compatibilizer was observed from structural analysis by WAXD, and mechanical properties. Experimental results confirms that the film samples with ionomer showed good mechanical performance and that the two step mixing conditions resulted in a better dispersion and intercalation for the nanofillers than one step mixing.
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21

Fatimah, A. R. H., A. Ghani Supri, and Z. Firuz. "Recycled High Density Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (RHDPE/EVA)/Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Composites: The Effect of Caprolactam-Maleic Anhydride on Tensile Properties and Swelling Behaviour." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.56.

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Natural fillers fulfill most requirements needed to replace synthethic fillers in thermoplastic composites. However, some disadvantages appear when natural fillers are used for composites. The poor compatibility between the hydrophilic fillers with the hydrophobic polymer matrix leads to a weak interface and hence, thus poor mechanical properties. In this research, caprolactam-maleic anhydride (CL-MAH) was used as the compatibilizer (6wt%) and the effect of compatibilizer on the composites was studied on mechanical properties and swelling behavior of RHDPE/EVA/Taro. The tensile strength for RHDPE/EVA/Taro composites decreased while increasing the filler loadings but adding caprolactam-maleic anhydride in the composite significantly improved the tensile properties. The swelling behavior results indicated that increased in Taro filler and addition of CL-MAH will increase the mass swell of the composites.
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22

Martani, Russita, Bahruddin Bahruddin, and Amun Amri. "Kesetimbangan Cair-Cair Sistem Polipropilena dan Maleated Natural Rubber." Journal of Chemical Process Engineering 4, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jcpe.v4i2.333.

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Pada campuran polipropilena (PP)-maleated natural rubber (MNR), MNR berfungsi sebagai compatibilizer yang melakukan modifikasi terhadap permukaan matrik PP untuk memudahkan masuknya filler sehingga dihasilkan campuran yang lebih kompatibel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kemampuan campur maleated natural rubber (MNR) dalam polipropilena (PP) pada berbagai variasi suhu. Penelitian diawali dengan prediksi kesetimbangan cair-cair sistem PP-MNR dengan menggunakan metode UNIFAC dilanjutkan dengan validasi model kesetimbangan. Validasi model kesetimbangan cair-cair sistem PP-MNR diawali dengan mencampurkan karet alam dan maleic anhydride (MAH) dalam internal mixer untuk penyiapan MNR. MNR yang telah disiapkan lalu dicampurkan dengan PP dalam internal mixer dengan kadar MNR dan temperatur proses divariasi berdasarkan prediksi kesetimbangan cair-cair UNIFAC. Kemudian campuran PP-MNR dianalisa dengan uji difference scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hasil uji DSC digunakan untuk melakukan validasi hasil perhitungan kesetimbangan cair-cair UNIFAC. Hasil perhitungan UNIFAC merupakan kesetimbangan cair-cair sistem PP-MNR berupa kadar MNR dan temperatur proses pencampuran. Pada campuran ini MNR berfungsi sebagai compatibilizer. Kadar MNR pada campuran adalah 4,4%–11,16% dan temperatur proses adalah 170 o C–210 o C. Semakin besar kadar MNR dalam campuran, semakin rendah suhu proses pencampuran. Hasil validasi uji DSC sesuai dengan prediksi kesetimbangan cair-cair sistem PP-MNR menggunakan metode UNIFAC.
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Suriyachi, P., S. Kiatkamjornwong, and P. Prasassarakich. "Natural Rubber-g-Glycidyl Methacrylate/Styrene as a Compatibilizer in Natural Rubber/PMMA Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77, no. 5 (November 1, 2004): 914–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547859.

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Abstract Graft copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and styrene onto natural rubber latex was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using cumene hydroperoxide and tetraethylene pentamine as a redox initiator. The effects of initiator and monomer concentration, reaction temperature and time on grafting efficiency and monomer conversion were investigated. The dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of grafted natural rubber were studied. The grafted natural rubber product could be used as a compatibilizer for natural rubber/PMMA blends. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, hardness, and impact energy were evaluated as a function of grafted natural rubber content. A good compatibility of natural rubber/PMMA blends was obtained at 5–10 phr of grafted natural rubber content. The fracture surface examined by scanning electron microscopy showed that the grafted natural rubber acted as an interfacial agent and gave a good adhesion between the two phases of the blend.
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Saengthaveep, Saravalee, Sadhan C. Jana, and Rathanawan Magaraphan. "Phase Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Nylon12/Natural Rubber Blends Using PS/MNR." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.53.

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To produce a tough material for application demanding high impact resistance and low moisture absorption, melt blending of Nylon12 (Polyamide 12, PA12) and natural rubber (NR) was carried out in a brabender plasticorder at 210 °C with rotor speed of 70 rpm in the presence of polystyrene/maleated natural rubber (PS/MNR) blend as a compatibilizer. The effect of compatibilizer content (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 phr) on phase morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of [Nylon12/NR]/[PS/MNR] blends was investigated by using SEM, DSC, and Izod impact tester, respectively. The result revealed that PS/MNR blend improved the compatibility of Nylon12/NR blends efficiently due to the presence of amide linkage at the interfaces from the reaction between the reactive groups of MNR and the NH2 end groups of Nylon12 during mixing. A fine phase morphology (good dispersion and small dispersed phase size of NR domains in Nylon12 matrix) of [Nylon12/NR]/[PS/MNR] blends was observed at the optimum compatibilizer content of 7 phr, relating to the improvement of mechanical property. The impact energy of [Nylon12/NR]/[PS/MNR] blends was 503 J/m higher than that of neat Nylon12 (115 J/m) and Nylon12/NR binary blend (241 J/m) due to the toughening effect of rubber and proper morphology. The melting temperature of all blends did not change obviously from thermal analysis. However, the presence of rubber particle obstructed the crystallization of Nylon12 phase, leading to the decreasing of %crystallinity from 93% to around 70%.
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Pham, Hien Quang, Son Thanh Thanh Do, and Nieu Huu Nguyen. "STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i1.1858.

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Natural rubber (NR), 30% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR30) and organoclays (Nanomer I28E and I30E) are blended in Brabender. Dispersions of the organoclay in NR are investigated by X – ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the increase of dispersion efficiency by the addition of ENR30 as a compatibilizer. The existence of organoclay I28E reduces the vulcanization time, while torque value increases slightly and mechanical properties (abrasion resistance, modulus M100, modulus M300, tensile strength, tear strength) are improved considerably.
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Sam, S. T., N. Z. Noriman, S. Ragunathan, O. H. Lin, and H. Ismail. "Thermal Properties of Linear-Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)/Soya Spent Powder Blends with the Addition of Epoxidised Natural Rubber." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.433.

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Soya spent powder as an inexpensive and renewable source has been used as a filler for linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE) in this study. Linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya spent powder composites were prepared by using Haake internal mixer. The mixing time was 10 minutes at 150°C with rotor speed 50 rpm. Epoxidised natural rubber (ENR 50) has been used as a compatibilizer in the present study. The thermal properties of the LLDPE/soya spent powder composites with and without ENR were studied with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallinity of the LLDPE/soya spent powder composites decreased with increasing soya spent powder content. However, the addition of ENR 50 as a compatibilizer increased the crystallinity of the LLDPE/soya spent powder composites.
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Ujianto, Onny, Marzuki, and Fitri Ayu Radini. "Natural Rubber Based Compatibilizer Prepared in Twin Screw Extruder: Optimization Percentage of Grafted Maleic Anhydride Using Experimental Design." Materials Science Forum 864 (August 2016): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.864.13.

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Maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber compatibilizer was prepared in molten state using twin screw extruder. Amount of maleic anhydride and initiator, as well as screw rotation were varied according to Box-Behnken experimental design. Titration of acid group from the anhydride function and FTIR spectra analysis were carried out as quantitative and qualitative analysis of grafted MA, respectively. The results showed that the percentages of grafted MA for all samples were ranged from 1.31 to 5.36%. The optimum conditions are predicted at 14.4 phr of MA level, 0.41 phr of BPO level, and 71 rpm screw rotation giving 5.39 ± 0.16% of grafted MA. FTIR spectra showed that the MA and carbonyl functional group were found in the compatibilizer suggested the presence of grafted MA and ring opening reaction.
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Rajasekar, R., Gert Heinrich, Amit Das, and Chapal Kumar Das. "Development of SBR-Nanoclay Composites with Epoxidized Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer." Research Letters in Nanotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/405153.

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The significant factor that determines the improvement of properties in rubber by the incorporation of nanoclay is its distribution in the rubber matrix. The simple mixing of nonpolar rubber and organically modified nanoclay will not contribute for the good dispersion of nanofiller in the rubbery matrix. Hence a polar rubber like epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) can be used as a compatibilizer in order to obtain a better dispersion of the nanoclay in the matrix polymer. Epoxidized natural rubber and organically modified nanoclay composites (EC) were prepared by solution mixing. The nanoclay employed in this study is Cloisite 20A. The obtained nanocomposites were incorporated in styrene butadiene-rubber (SBR) compounds with sulphur as a curing agent. The morphology observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) shows that the nanoclay is highly intercalated in ENR, and further incorporation of EC in SBR matrix leads to partial exfoliation of the nanoclay. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed an increase in storage modulus and lesser damping characteristics for the compounds containing EC loading in SBR matrix. In addition, these compounds showed improvement in the mechanical properties.
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Dahlan, H. M., M. D. Khairul Zaman, and A. Ibrahim. "Liquid natural rubber (LNR) as a compatibilizer in NR/LLDPE blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 78, no. 10 (2000): 1776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20001205)78:10<1776::aid-app90>3.0.co;2-g.

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Teh, P. L., Z. A. Mohd Ishak, A. S. Hashim, J. Karger-Kocsis, and U. S. Ishiaku. "Effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer in melt compounded natural rubber–organoclay nanocomposites." European Polymer Journal 40, no. 11 (November 2004): 2513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.06.025.

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Tomano, N., O. Boondamnoen, C. Aumnate, and P. Potiyaraj. "Development of green materials from ENR-25/PHBV blends: Curing characteristics and mechanical performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2175, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2175/1/012026.

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Abstract The objective of this work was to develop green materials from epoxidized natural rubber (25% epoxidation), (ENR-25), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), (PHBV), and polybutadiene adducted with maleic anhydride, (PB-g-MA) as compatibilizer. The ENR-25/PHBV blends were prepared at the ratio of 100/0, 90/10, and 80/20 with 0 and 10 %wt. PB-g-MA. The blends were prepared using an internal mixer, where PHBV was first melted at a temperature of 175 °C before mixing with ENR-25 and the incorporation of a compatibilizer. The mixing of ENR-25 and PHBV was continued at a temperature of 175 °C and mixing speed of 50 rpm until it reaches the complete blending time. All ENR-25/PHBV blends were then mixed with curing agents in an internal mixer at a temperature of 50 °C. The cure characteristics were determined using a moving die rheometer (MDR). Then vulcanization proceeded in a compression molding machine. The result shows that the addition of PHBV enhanced the modulus of ENR-25 for every blend ratio with and without compatibilizer owing to the mechanical properties of PHBV. Significantly, the PB-g-MA compatibilizer successfully improved the interface adhesion between ENR-25 and PHBV and the decrease in phase size was clearly seen in the SEM images.
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Phatcharasit, Kritsada, Wirach Taweepreda, and Patompong Phummor. "Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Sulfur-Cured Natural Rubber/Polyethylene/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.14.

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The polymer blend was prepared from natural rubber (NR) and polyethylene (PE) powder blended with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) by using an internal mixer. In this study, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was used as compatibilizer for the blends. Blending ENR with PE powder and NR were prepared at various compositions from 0-20% by weight. Then, specimens from the blends were produced by compression molding at 150 °C. The mechanical and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. It was found that the addition of ENR content has improved the tensile strength, compression set and hardness for the ternary compositions composed of NR/PE powder/ENR compared to the binary one (i.e. NR/PE powder). ENR contributed to a better dispersion between the NR and PE phases as observed in the scanning electron microscopy.
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33

Mohammad, N. N. B., A. Arsad, A. R. Rahmat, and N. S. Abdullah Sani. "Effects of Maleated Natural Rubber on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blends." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.284.

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Brittle Polylactic acid (PLA) was toughened by introducing 5-20 wt. % of Natural Rubber (NR) through melt blending in a twin screw extruder. The results of tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/NR blends were dramatically decreased. Maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber (NR-g-MA) was prepared and used to enhance the blends performance. The preparation of NR-g-MA was carried out using internal mixer by free radical melt grafting reaction followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze the incorporation of MA on the NR. The compatibilization effect on the mechanical properties of PLA/NR blends was investigated with addition of 3 phr NR-g-MA. Comparison between PLA/NR/Compatibilizer and virgin PLA/NR blends significantly improved on the mechanical properties. FTIR result confirmed grafting reaction occurred between MA and NR.
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34

Liao, Xiao Xue, Hai Sheng Tan, Ming Chao Luo, Bing Tang, Shuang Quan Liao, and Xiao Di Wei. "Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber and Chloroprene Rubber Latex Blends." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1601.

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The effects of the ratios of natural rubber latex (NRL)and chloroprene rubber latex(CRL) and the type of compatibilizer on physical and mechanical properties of latex film were researched.The oil resistance of vulcanized latex film was tested. The compatibility of the latex blends was also analyzed by TG/DTG method.The results showed that properties of latex film were best when ratio of NRL/CRL was 75/25. As the CRL content increased, oil resistance of latex film was improved. Epoxidized natural rubber latex improved compatibility of NRL and CRL blends.
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35

Hinchiranan, N., P. Wannako, B. Paosawatyanyong, and P. Prasassarakich. "2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methacrylate-graft-natural rubber: Synthesis and application as compatibilizer in natural rubber/fluoroelastomer blends." Materials Chemistry and Physics 139, no. 2-3 (May 2013): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.02.019.

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36

Roy, Kumarjyoti, and Pranut Potiyaraj. "Development of high performance microcrystalline cellulose based natural rubber composites using maleated natural rubber as compatibilizer." Cellulose 25, no. 2 (December 16, 2017): 1077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1613-2.

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37

Chuayjuljit, S., S. Moolsin, and P. Potiyaraj. "Use of natural rubber-g-polystyrene as a compatibilizer in casting natural rubber/polystyrene blend films." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 95, no. 4 (2004): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21246.

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38

Ahmad, Sahrim, Ibrahim Abdullah, Che Som Sulaiman, S. Kohjiya, and J. R. Yoon. "Natural rubber–HDPE blends with liquid natural rubber as a compatibilizer. I. Thermal and mechanical properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51, no. 8 (February 22, 1994): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510801.

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Mohammad, Nor Nisa Balqis, Agus Arsad, Abdul Razak Rahmat, Mohammad Shukor Talib, and Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa. "Influence of Compatibilizer on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.81.

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Derived from renewable resources, Poly (lactic) acid (PLA) exhibits good mechanical properties comparable with conventional polyolefins. However, major obstacle in PLA which may limit its application is due to brittleness. Thus, PLA requires toughening to overcome the weakness. In this study, PLA was blended with different ratio of natural rubber (0 to 20 wt.%) through melt blending in a twin screw extruder. The results of tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/NR blends were decreased. In order to enhance the blend performance, PLA grafted maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as compatibilizer. The preparation of PLA-g-MA was carried out using internal mixer by free radical melt grafting reaction followed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to confirm the grafting reaction. To investigate the compatibilization effect on the mechanical properties of PLA/NR blends, PLA-g-MA was added to the blends at various compositions (1 – 10 phr). Mechanical properties increased markedly compared to the virgin PLA/NR blends and FTIR result confirmed grafting reaction occurred between MA and PLA.
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Luo, Shupin, Jinzhen Cao, and Wenjing Sun. "Evaluation of Kraft lignin as natural compatibilizer in wood flour/polypropylene composites." Polymer Composites 38, no. 11 (October 8, 2015): 2387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.23821.

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41

Ngo, Thanh Dung, Thi My Hanh Le, The Huu Nguyen, Thien Vuong Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Trong Lu Le, Thi Thai Nguyen, Thi Thanh Van Tran, Thi Bich Thao Le, and Ngoc Hai Doan. "Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Fe3O4–Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles and Natural Rubber-Polyethylene Blends." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7478161.

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For the vulcanized natural rubber (NR), incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the NR matrix did not exhibit the bactericidal property against Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, incorporation of AgNPs into polyethylene (PE) matrix showed good antibacterial activities to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In the present work, NR/PE (85/15) blends have been prepared by melt blending with presence of compatibilizer in an internal mixer. To possess antibacterial property, AgNPs (5–10 nm) or Fe3O4–Ag hybrid nanoparticles (FAgNPs, 8 nm/16 nm) were added into PE matrix before its blending with NR component. The tensile test indicated that the presence of compatibilizer in NR/PE blend significantly enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break (up to 35% and 38% increases, resp.). The antibacterial activity test was performed by monitoring of the bacterial lag-log growth phases with the presence of nanocomposites in the E. coli cell culture reactor. The antibacterial test showed that the presence of FAgNPs in NR/PE blend had a better antibacterial activity than that obtained with the lone AgNPs. Two similar reasons were proposed: (i) the faster Ag+ release rate from the Fe3O4–Ag hybrid nanoparticles due to the electron transfer from AgNP to Fe3O4 nanoparticle and (ii) the fact that the ionization of AgNPs in hybrid nanostructure might be accelerated by Fe3+ ions.
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42

Sánchez-Safont, Estefanía Lidón, Abdulaziz Aldureid, José María Lagarón, Luis Cabedo, and José Gámez-Pérez. "Study of the Compatibilization Effect of Different Reactive Agents in PHB/Natural Fiber-Based Composites." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2020): 1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091967.

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Fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion is one of the key factors governing the final properties of natural fiber-based polymer composites. In this work, four extrusion reactive agents were tested as potential compatibilizers in polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB)/cellulose composites: dicumyl peroxide (DCP), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE), and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The influence of the fibers and the different reactive agents on the mechanical properties, physical aging, and crystallization behavior were assessed. To evaluate the compatibilization effectiveness of each reactive agent, highly purified commercial cellulose fibers (TC90) were used as reference filler. Then, the influence of fiber purity on the compatibilization effect of the reactive agent HMDI was evaluated using untreated (U_RH) and chemically purified (T_RH) rice husk fibers, comparing the results with the ones using TC90 fibers. The results show that reactive agents interact with the polymer matrix at different levels, but all compositions showed a drastic embrittlement due to the aging of PHB. No clear compatibilization effect was found using DCP, RDGE, or TGIC reactive agents. On the other hand, the fiber–polymer interfacial adhesion was enhanced with HMDI. The purity of the fiber played an important role in the effectiveness of HMDI as a compatibilizer, since composites with highly purified fibers showed the greatest improvements in tensile strength and the most favorable morphology. None of the reactive agents negatively affected the compostability of PHB. Finally, thermoformed trays with good mold reproducibility were successfully obtained for PHB/T_RH/HMDI composition.
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Lee, Sung-Hun, Su-Yeol Park, Kyung-Ho Chung, and Keon-Soo Jang. "Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142318.

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Rubber compounding with two or more components has been extensively employed to improve various properties. In particular, natural rubber (NR)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends have found use in tire and automotive parts. Diverse fillers have been applied to NR/EPDM blends to enhance their mechanical properties. In this study, a new class of mineral filler, phlogopite, was incorporated into an NR/EPDM blend to examine the mechanical, curing, elastic, and morphological properties of the resulting material. The combination of aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and stearic acid (SA) compatibilized the NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite, further improving various properties. The enhanced properties were compared with those of NR/EPDM/fillers composed of silica or carbon black (CB). Compared with the NR/EPDM/silica composite, the incompatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite without AEAPS exhibited poorer properties, but NR/EPDM/phlogopite compatibilized by AEAPS and SA showed improved properties. Most properties of the compatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite were similar to those of the NR/EPDM/CB composite, except for the lower abrasion resistance. The NR/EPDM/phlogopite/AEAPS rubber composite may potentially be used in various applications by replacing expensive fillers, such as CB.
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Shahdan, Dalila, Noor Afizah Rosli, Ruey Shan Chen, and Sahrim Ahmad. "A Feasible Compatibilization Processing Technique for Improving the Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Rubbery Biopolymer/Graphene Nanocomposites." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 5009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14225009.

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Over the last few decades, processing and compatibility have become challenging and interesting investigation areas of polymer matrix nanocomposites. This study investigated the addition of maleic anhydride (MAH) at different ratios with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) in poly(lactic acid)/modified natural rubber/polyaniline/GnP (PLA/m-NR/PANI/GnP) nanocomposites via two processing methods: a two-step technique and a one-pot technique. The former technique involved first preparing a master batch of PLA grafted with MAH, followed by a second step involving the melt blending of the nanocomposite (T1) using MAH-g-PLA. On the other hand, the one-pot technique involved the direct mixing of MAH during the melt-blending process (T2). The mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites were investigated. The findings showed that adding MAH significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation at break by about 25% for PLA/m-NR/PANi/GnP nanocomposites, with an optimal ratio of 1:1 of MAH-g-PLA to GnP loading using the T1 technique. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical interaction between MAH and PLA for T1 nanocomposites, which exhibited improved phase morphology with smoother surfaces. MAH-compatibilized nanocomposites had enhanced thermal stabilities when compared to the sample without a compatibilizer. The findings show that the compatibilized PLA nanocomposite is potentially suitable for bio-inspired materials.
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Dianursanti and SA Khalis. "The Effect of Compatibilizer Addition on Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Utilization as a Mixture for Bioplastic." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703047.

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Nowadays, plastic waste is the biggest environmental issues. Since the usage of conventional plastic which come from synthesis polymer that can not be decomposed by decomposer. One of the solution is bioplastic. This study used Chlorella vulgaris and PVA as the based materials to made bioplastic. Chlorella vulgaris is chosen as the new potential of raw material for its high amount of biopolymer (Protein, carbs). However, Chlorella/PVA has some weakness such as poor physical- chemical properties. Compatibilizer is needed to improve the homogeneity and compatibility of natural and synthetic mixtures as both materials have different properties. This study aims to obtain the best maleic anhydrates concentration as compatibilizer for PVA-Chlorella plastic based. Maleic anhydrate-grafted PVA (PVA-g-MAH) was synthesized by blending PVA, maleic anhydrate, DMSO and KPS with temperature 120°C. Chlorella was modified by mixing distillated water and glycerol. Both of them are mixed well then molding by temperature 120°C. The addition of maleic anhydrates concentration (2%, 4%, 5% wt of PVA) respectively improve surface structure and cause increasing in tensile strength from 31.27 to 42.25 kgf/cm2 and also increasing elongation from 10.86 to 13.00 %. With this result, it can be indicated that compatibilizer addition can improve the homogeneity and elasticity the mixture of PVA-Chlorella plastic film.
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46

Kakhramanov, N. T., R. V. Kurbanova, A. D. Quliyev, and V. S. Osipchik. "Reaction extrusion of organic-inorganic hybrid gels based on modified polyolefins and dressed mineral fillers." Plasticheskie massy, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2021): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2021-1-2-57-61.

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The article discusses the technological features of the reaction extrusion of nanocomposites based on dressed natural minerals and high density polyethylene modified with compatibilizer and polypropylene. Clinoptilolite, vesuviane, bentonite and talc were used as natural minerals. The optimal technological mode of reaction extrusion was selected. Dicumyl peroxide in the amount of 0.25 and 0.5 wt.% was used as a vulcanization agent. The influence of technological features of reaction extrusion on the basic physicomechanical properties of nanocomposites based on polyolefins is considered.
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47

Ramesh, P., and S. K. De. "Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber as a Reactive Compatibilizer for Blends of Chlorinated Natural Rubber and Epoxidized Natural Rubber." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 25, no. 2 (April 1993): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009524439302500201.

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48

Wimalasiri, Veromee Kalpana, Helapiyumi Uthpala Weerathunga, Nilwala Kottegoda, and Veranja Karunaratne. "Silica Based Superhydrophobic Nanocoatings for Natural Rubber Surfaces." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2102467.

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Silica based nonfluorinated superhydrophobic coatings for natural rubber surfaces have been developed. The coating was synthesized using nanosilica dispersion and a polychloroprene type binder as a compatibilizer. This nanocoating of silica was applied on to the surface of finished natural rubber gloves, by spray coating or dipped coating methods. The nanocoating demonstrates a water contact angle of more than 150° and sliding angle of 7°. The morphological features of the coating have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to understand the nature of surface functional groups. Both imaging techniques provided evidence for the presence of nanosized particles in the coating. Coated gloves demonstrated comparable mechanical properties and significantly better alcohol resistivity when compared to those of the uncoated gloves.
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Ahad, Nor Azwin, Sahrim Haji Ahmad, and Norazwani Muhammad Zain. "The Compatibilty of TPU and NR Blends." Advanced Materials Research 879 (January 2014): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.879.107.

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Abstract:
The blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with natural rubber (NR) at four different blends ratios were prepared via melt blending, with addition of liquid natural rubber (LNR) as compatibilizer. The effect of blend ratio and temperature on the tensile properties and swelling ratio was studied. The addition of NR and LNR into TPU produces a decrease of tensile strength. The swelling ratio increased with the increasing of NR content in the blends. The temperatures of blending also give effects to tensile properties and swelling behavior.
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50

Asaletha, R., Sabu Thomas, and M. G. Kumaran. "The Technological Compatibilization of Natural Rubber/Polystyrene Blends by the Addition of Natural Rubber-graft-Polystyrene." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 68, no. 4 (September 1, 1995): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538766.

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Abstract:
Abstract Compatibility of natural rubber (NR)/polystyrene (PS) blend is poor and can be enhanced by the addition of a graft copolymer of natural rubber and polystyrene (NR-graft-PS). The effects of homopolymer molecular weight, copolymer molecular weight, copolymer concentration, processing conditions and mode of addition on the morphology of the dispersed phase have been investigated by means of optical microscopy. The addition of a small percentage of the compatibilizer decreases the domain size of the dispersed phase. The effect levels off at higher concentrations. The leveling off could be an indication of interfacial saturation. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical predictions of Noolandi and Hong. The addition of the graft copolymer improves the mechanical properties of the blend and attempts were made to correlate the mechanical properties with the morphology of the system. Attempts were also made to understand the conformation of the graft copolymer at the interface.
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