Journal articles on the topic 'Natural bioactive metabolite'
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1
Christodoulou, Maria, Jouni Jokela, Matti Wahlsten, Lyudmila Saari, Athena Economou-Amilli, Marli de Fatima Fiore, and Kaarina Sivonen. "Description of Aliinostoc alkaliphilum sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a New Bioactive Metabolite-Producing Strain from Salina Verde (Pantanal, Brazil) and Taxonomic Distribution of Bioactive Metabolites in Nostoc and Nostoc-like Genera." Water 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162470.
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Cyanobacteria are a group of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes found in almost all habitats on earth including those characterized as extreme environments. It has been observed that the number of studies dealing with the biodiversity of extremophilic cyanobacteria is limited while studies exploring their bioactive potential are even scarcer. The taxonomy of three Nostoc-like cyanobacterial strains isolated from a shallow lake in Brazil was studied by applying a polyphasic approach. The bioactive potential of the strains was also evaluated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The metabolites present in the bioactive HPLC fractions were identified by UPLC/ESI/Q-TOF. Based on our phylogenetic inferences in combination with morphological and ecological information, we describe Aliinostoc alkaliphilum sp. nov., exhibiting antibacterial and antifungal activities. The main bioactive metabolite in all three strains was nocuolin A, which represents the first report of this metabolite in Aliinostoc. Our phylogenetic studies also revealed that many bioactive metabolite-producting strains that are currently assigned to Nostoc belong to other distinct evolutionary lineages. These findings highlight the importance of polyphasic approach studies in both cyanobacterial taxonomy and natural product discovery programs.
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Sriwastava, Akanksha Raj, and Vivek Srivastava. "GC-MS Profiling and Antifungal Activity of Secondary Metabolite from Endophytic Fungus of Giloy." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2948.
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The endophytic microbiota is considered to be one of the consistent and noble souce of potential and unique natural amalgams. These natural amalgams carry diverse pharmaceutical significance which the reason for their importance among research fields. The diversity of plants carries much more diversity of the endophytes as their mutual parts where both are benefited from each other. The current work deals with the isolation of the endophytic fungus from Tinospora cordifolia, for which the leaves were used after the surface sterilization, followed by the production of secondary metabolite by the endophytic isolates through submerged fermentation technique. The produced metabolite was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique, which was further used for evaluating its antifungal potential against Candida albicans and the obtained results show their considerable potential. The GC-MS profiling of secondary metabolite was conducted to determine the presence of some bioactive compounds in them, and as a result, some potential compounds detected are Levoglucosenone, Silanediol, Nonane, D-Allose, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Since these compounds are biologically important in various aspects which gives the diversified application to the secondary metabolites. The study concludes the potential of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus of Tinospora cordifolia and further investigation can be approached on determining the same from other plants, and also evaluating another bioactive potential of secondary metabolites.
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Simkhada, Dinesh, Huitu Zhang, Shogo Mori, Howard Williams, and Coran M. H. Watanabe. "Activation of cryptic metabolite production through gene disruption: Dimethyl furan-2,4-dicarboxylate produced by Streptomyces sahachiroi." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (August 29, 2013): 1768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.205.
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At least 65% of all small molecule drugs on the market today are natural products, however, re-isolation of previously identified and characterized compounds has become a serious impediment to the discovery of new bioactive natural products. Here, genetic knockout of an unusual non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) C-PCP-C module, aziA2, is performed resulting in the accumulation of the secondary metabolite, dimethyl furan-2,4-dicarboxylate. The cryptic metabolite represents the first non-azinomycin related compound to be isolated and characterized from the soil bacterium, S. sahachiroi. The results from this study suggest that abolishing production of otherwise predominant natural products through genetic knockout may constitute a means to “activate” the production of novel secondary metabolites that would otherwise lay dormant within microbial genome sequences.
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Chrzanowski, Grzegorz. "Saccharomyces Cerevisiae—An Interesting Producer of Bioactive Plant Polyphenolic Metabolites." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 7343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197343.
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Secondary phenolic metabolites are defined as valuable natural products synthesized by different organisms that are not essential for growth and development. These compounds play an essential role in plant defense mechanisms and an important role in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and agricultural industries. Despite the vast chemical diversity of natural compounds, their content in plants is very low, and, as a consequence, this eliminates the possibility of the production of these interesting secondary metabolites from plants. Therefore, microorganisms are widely used as cell factories by industrial biotechnology, in the production of different non-native compounds. Among microorganisms commonly used in biotechnological applications, yeast are a prominent host for the diverse secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often regarded as a better host organism for the heterologous production of phenolic compounds, particularly if the expression of different plant genes is necessary.
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D’Alessandro, Rosa, Teresa Docimo, Giulia Graziani, Vincenzo D’Amelia, Monica De Palma, Elisa Cappetta, and Marina Tucci. "Abiotic Stresses Elicitation Potentiates the Productiveness of Cardoon Calli as Bio-Factories for Specialized Metabolites Production." Antioxidants 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061041.
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Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var altilis) is a Mediterranean traditional food crop. It is adapted to xerothermic conditions and also grows in marginal lands, producing a large biomass rich in phenolic bioactive metabolites and has therefore received attention for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and innovative materials applications. Cardoon cell cultures can be used for the biotechnological production of valuable molecules in accordance with the principles of cellular agriculture. In the current study, we developed an elicitation strategy on leaf-derived cardoon calli for boosting the production of bioactive extracts for cosmetics. We tested elicitation conditions that trigger hyper-accumulation of bioactive phenolic metabolites without compromising calli growth through the application of chilling and salt stresses. We monitored changes in growth, polyphenol accumulation, and antioxidant capability, along with transcriptional variations of key chlorogenic acid and flavonoids biosynthetic genes. At moderate stress intensity and duration (14 days at 50–100 mM NaCl) salt exerted the best eliciting effect by stimulating total phenols and antioxidant power without impairing growth. Hydroalcoholic extracts from elicited cardoon calli with optimal growth and bioactive metabolite accumulation were demonstrated to lack cytotoxicity by MTT assay and were able to stimulate pro-collagen and aquaporin production in dermal cells. In conclusion, we propose a “natural” elicitation system that can be easily and safely employed to boost bioactive metabolite accumulation in cardoon cell cultures and also in pilot-scale cell culture production.
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Kuo, Yu-Hsuan, Ting-Wei Lin, Jing-Yi Lin, Yu-Wen Chen, Tsung-Ju Li, and Chin-Chu Chen. "Identification of Common Liver Metabolites of the Natural Bioactive Compound Erinacine A, Purified from Hericium erinaceus Mycelium." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031201.
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Metabolite identification, in the early stage, for compound discovery is necessary to assess the knowledge for the pharmaceutical improvement of drug safety and efficacy. Even if the drug has been released into the market, identification and continuous evaluation of the metabolites are required to avoid the risk of post-marketing withdrawal. Hericium erinaceus (HE), a medicinal mushroom, has broadly documented nutraceutical benefits, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging, hypolipidemic, and gastric mucosal protection effects. Recently, erinacine A has been reported as the main natural bioactive compound in the mycelium of HE for functional food development. In neurological studies, the consumption of enrinacine A enriched HE mycelium demonstrates its significant nutraceutical effects in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and ischemic stroke. For the first time, we explored the metabolic process of erinacine A molecule and identified its metabolites from the rat and human liver S9 fraction. Using a liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for quantitative analysis, we observed that 75.44% of erinacine A was metabolized within 60 min in rat, and 32.34% of erinacine A was metabolized within 120 min in human S9. Using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to identify the metabolites of erinacine A, five common metabolites were identified, and their possible structures were evaluated. Understanding the metabolic process of erinacine A and establishing its metabolite profile database will help promote the nutraceutical application and discovery of related biomarkers in the future.
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Rehan, Medhat, Abdellatif Gueddou, Abdulaziz Alharbi, and Imen Ben Abdelmalek. "In Silico Prediction of Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Analysis of Streptomyces thinghirensis HM3 Isolated from Arid Soil." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010065.
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Natural products produced by microorganisms are considered an important resource of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as anticancer, antifungal, antibiotic, and immunosuppressive molecules. Streptomyces are the richest source of bioactive natural products via possessing a wide number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs). Based on rapid development in sequencing technologies with advances in genome mining, exploring the newly isolated Streptomyces species for possible new secondary metabolites is mandatory to find novel natural products. The isolated Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 from arid and sandy texture soil in Qassim, SA, exerted inhibition activity against tested animal pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and pathogenic fungal species. In this study, we report the draft genome of S. thinghirensis strain HM3, which consists of 7,139,324 base pairs (bp), with an average G+C content of 71.49%, predicting 7949 open reading frames, 12 rRNA operons (5S, 16S, 23S) and 60 tRNAs. An in silico analysis of strain HM3 genome by the antiSMASH and PRISM 4 online software for SM-BGCs predicted 16 clusters, including four terpene, one lantipeptide, one siderophore, two polyketide synthase (PKS), two non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) cluster)/NRPS-like fragment, two RiPP/RiPP-like (ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptide product), two butyrolactone, one CDPS (tRNA-dependent cyclodipeptide synthases), and one other (cluster containing a secondary metabolite-related protein that does not fit into any other category) BGC. The presented BGCs inside the genome, along with antibacterial and antifungal activity, indicate that HM3 may represent an invaluable source for new secondary metabolites.
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Eliwa, Duaa, Amal Kabbash, Mona El-Aasr, Haytham O. Tawfik, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Michel De Waard, Wagdy M. Eldehna, and Abdel-Rahim S. Ibrahim. "Papaverinol-N-Oxide: A Microbial Biotransformation Product of Papaverine with Potential Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Activity Unveiled with In Silico Screening." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041583.
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Bioconversion of biosynthetic heterocyclic compounds has been utilized to produce new semisynthetic pharmaceuticals and study the metabolites of bioactive drugs used systemically. In this investigation, the biotransformation of natural heterocyclic alkaloid papaverine via filamentous fungi was explored. Molecular docking simulations, using protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase (PL) as target enzymes, were performed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of papaverine and its metabolites in silico. The metabolites were isolated from biotransformation of papaverine with Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 2310, Rhodotorula rubra NRRL y1592, Penicillium chrysogeneum ATCC 10002 and Cunninghamella blackesleeana NRRL 1369 via reduction, demethylation, N-oxidation, oxidation and hydroxylation reactions. Seven metabolites were isolated: namely, 3,4-dihydropapaverine (metabolite 1), papaveroline (metabolite 2), 7-demethyl papaverine (metabolite 3), 6,4′-didemethyl papaverine (metabolite 4), papaverine-3-ol (metabolite 5), papaverinol (metabolite 6) and papaverinol N-oxide (metabolite 7). The structural elucidation of the metabolites was investigated with 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy (EI and ESI). The molecular docking studies showed that metabolite 7 exhibited better binding interactions with the target enzymes PTP1B, α-glucosidase and PL than did papaverine. Furthermore, papaverinol-N-oxide (7) also displayed inhibition of α-glucosidase and lipase enzymes comparable to that of their ligands (acarbose and orlistat, respectively), as unveiled with an in silico ADMET profile, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for enhanced inhibition of PTP1B, α-glucosidase and PL via some papaverine fungal transformation products and, therefore, potentially better antidiabetic and antiobesity effects than those of papaverine and other known therapeutic agents.
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Li, Xiaolin, Huayan Xu, Yuyue Li, Shengrong Liao, and Yonghong Liu. "Exploring Diverse Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms Using Co-Culture Strategy." Molecules 28, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 6371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176371.
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The isolation and identification of an increasing number of secondary metabolites featuring unique skeletons and possessing diverse bioactivities sourced from marine microorganisms have garnered the interest of numerous natural product chemists. There has been a growing emphasis on how to cultivate microorganisms to enhance the chemical diversity of metabolites and avoid the rediscovery of known ones. Given the significance of secondary metabolites as a means of communication among microorganisms, microbial co-culture has been introduced. By mimicking the growth patterns of microbial communities in their natural habitats, the co-culture strategy is anticipated to stimulate biosynthetic gene clusters that remain dormant under traditional laboratory culture conditions, thereby inducing the production of novel secondary metabolites. Different from previous reviews mainly focusing on fermentation conditions or metabolite diversities from marine-derived co-paired strains, this review covers the marine-derived co-culture microorganisms from 2012 to 2022, and turns to a particular discussion highlighting the selection of co-paired strains for marine-derived microorganisms, especially the fermentation methods for their co-cultural apparatus, and the screening approaches for the convenient and rapid detection of novel metabolites, as these are important in the co-culture. Finally, the structural and bioactivity diversities of molecules are also discussed. The challenges and prospects of co-culture are discussed on behave of the views of the authors.
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Tawfike, Ahmed, Grainne Abbott, Louise Young, and RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel. "Metabolomic-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Curvularia sp., an Endophytic Fungus of Terminalia laxiflora." Planta Medica 84, no. 03 (August 28, 2017): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-118807.
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AbstractEndophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are a potential source of novel chemistry and biology. Metabolomic tools were successfully employed to compare the metabolite fingerprints of solid and liquid culture extracts of endophyte Curvularia sp. isolated from the leaves of Terminalia laxiflora. Natural product databases were used to dereplicate metabolites in order to determine known compounds and the presence of new natural products. Multivariate analysis highlighted the putative metabolites responsible for the bioactivity of the fungal extract and its fractions on NF-κB and the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. Metabolomic tools and dereplication studies using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry directed the fractionation and isolation of the bioactive components from the fungal extracts. This resulted in the isolation of N-acetylphenylalanine (1) and two linear peptide congeners of 1: dipeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanine (2) and tripeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (3).
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Alors, David, Pradeep Kumar Divakar, Anjuli Calchera, Imke Schmitt, Ana Crespo, and María Carmen Molina. "The Temporal Variation of Secondary Metabolites in the Mycobiont Culture and Thallus of Parmelina carporrhizans and Parmelina quercina Analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Separations 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2023): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10070399.
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Lichens are composite organisms that produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites; many of the compounds have a high potential as bioactive compounds. The major limitations of using bioactive compounds from lichens is their slow growth rate and the damage to environmental populations caused by massive collection. The alternative to the massive collection of lichens in the field is their culture under laboratory conditions. We chose two related lichen species of Parmeliaceae that produce similar metabolites and isolated from spores in cultures placed under axenic conditions for over 550 days. From these cultures, we sampled 35 mg of each species from different culture media at two sampling times. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect and identify major compounds. We found no differences in the metabolites produced within the species in comparisons between different culture media. Our results show that the mycobiont cultures produced different secondary metabolites than those found in natural lichen thalli. Moreover, different secondary metabolites between species and different metabolites over time were observed. We conclude that mycobiont cultures are a promising alternative for determining bioactive compounds and enhancing the efficiency of growth and production. These could be a good option for eco-friendly metabolite production.
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Jourjine, Ilya A. P., Carolin Bauernschmidt, Christoph Müller, and Franz Bracher. "A GC-MS Protocol for the Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Alkaloids from Annonaceae." Molecules 27, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 8217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238217.
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The Annonaceae are an old family of flowering plants belonging to the order Magnoliales, distributed mainly in tropical regions. Numerous Annonaceae species find ethnobotanical use for curing a broad range of diseases, among them cancer and infections by diverse pathogens. Hence, bioactive natural products from Annonaceae have received considerable interest in drug development. Beyond cytotoxic acetogenins, unique aporphine-derived polycyclic aromatic alkaloids are characteristic constituents of Annonaceae. Among them are unique tri- and tetracyclic aromatic alkaloids like azafluorenones, diazafluoranthenes, azaanthracenes, and azaoxoaporphines. The complex substitution pattern of these alkaloids represents a major challenge in structure elucidation of isolated natural products. Based on a broad spectrum of alkaloids available from our previous work, we present a GC-MS protocol for the identification of over 20 polycyclic aromatic alkaloids from Annonaceae. This collection of data will contribute to the future identification of the metabolite patterns of extracts from Annonaceae as an important source of novel bioactive secondary metabolites.
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Kamble, Geetanjali R., Babu K. Gireesh, Shivaprakash V. Hiremath, and Murigendra B. Hiremath. "In vitro antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activity of crude methanolic extract of pigment from Streptomycetes spp. on HT-1080 fibro sarcoma cell line." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1705rjbt64069.
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The ability to produce secondary metabolites like antibiotics is the characteristic feature of Streptomyces. Besides antibiotics, they are also seen to produce other bioactive compounds of economic importance like pigments which are potentially used in industries with remarkably appealing results. Under this backdrop, extraction of such priceless molecule from microbial source was the aim of this work. Actinomycetes strain isolated from water sample was identified as Streptomycetes with conventional and molecular approach. The metabolite exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity as evident from the liquid fermentation. The crude ethanolic pigment extract was shown to be antibacterial on gram negative human pathogens. Also it exhibited antioxidant and anticancer activity against two cancer cell lines i.e. HeLa and HT-1080. Pigments from bacteria can be effectively used as natural source of treatment against various human ailments. Our results provide insights into effective role of pigment as potent bioactive metabolites with effective pharmaceutical properties.
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Phonghanpot, Suranat, and Faongchat Jarintanan. "Secondary Metabolism Gene Diversity and Cocultivation toward Isolation and Identification of Potent Bioactive Compounds Producing Bacterial Strains from Thailand’s Natural Resources." Scientifica 2022 (May 29, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2827831.
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Thailand was proposed to be rich unexplored source of microorganisms, especially bacterial strains. There should be bacteria with high secondary metabolite production potential in the natural resources that are still unidentified. Moreover, they might not produce secondary metabolites in standard laboratory culture condition after isolation, in which coculture condition would help us pursuing the bacteria to produce bioactive metabolites. Here, we aimed to identify new bacterial strains with high secondary metabolite production potential from Thailand’s natural resources. To achieve the goal, we performed bacteria isolation, phylogenetic analysis, degenerate PCR of secondary metabolism genes, cocultivation, antibacterial analysis, and HPLC chemical profiling. We isolated distinct 40 bacterial strains, which have over 98% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with known species. There were 22, 31, and 29 strains giving positive PCR amplification of NRPS, PKS, and TPS genes, respectively. Among them, Bacillus licheniformis RSUCC0101 had the highest number of PCR products, 26. In standard single culture condition, crude extracts prepared from Bacillus safensis RSUCC0021 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RSUCC0282 could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. Furthermore, the cocultivation and HPLC analyses showed that the extracts prepared from 3 pairs of culture between Staphylococcus sp. RSUCC0020, Micrococcus luteus RSUCC0053, Staphylococcus sp. RSUCC0087, and Staphylococcus pasteuri RSUCC0090 could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and produced distinct chemical profiles from their single culture condition. Our study led to the isolation and identification of several promising bacterial strains for production of secondary metabolites that might be useful in biomedical applications.
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Kang, Dingrong, Saeed Shoaie, Samuel Jacquiod, Søren J. Sørensen, and Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro. "Comparative Genomics Analysis of Keratin-Degrading Chryseobacterium Species Reveals Their Keratinolytic Potential for Secondary Metabolite Production." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9051042.
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A promising keratin-degrading strain from the genus Chryseobacterium (Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2) was investigated using comparative genomic tools against three publicly available reference genomes to reveal the keratinolytic potential for biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites. Genomic features and metabolic potential of four species were compared, showing genomic differences but similar functional categories. Eleven different secondary metabolite gene clusters of interest were mined from the four genomes successfully, including five common ones shared across all genomes. Among the common metabolites, we identified gene clusters involved in biosynthesis of flexirubin-type pigment, microviridin, and siderophore, showing remarkable conservation across the four genomes. Unique secondary metabolite gene clusters were also discovered, for example, ladderane from Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2. Additionally, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the potential metabolic pathways of keratin utilization in Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2, with the involvement of amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism, and sulfate reduction. This work uncovers the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite gene clusters from four keratinolytic Chryseobacterium species and shades lights on the keratinolytic potential of Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2 from a genome-mining perspective, can provide alternatives to valorize keratinous materials into high-value bioactive natural products.
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Govind, Govind Gulabrao Dhage, R. N. Ganbas Ravindra, and A. M. Garode Anil. "A review on Industrially important metabolite from Actinomycetes." International Journal of Applied and Advanced Biology (IJAAB) 2, no. 1 (September 2, 2023): 07–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.60013/ijaab.v2i1.89.
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Microbial biotic compounds such as enzymes, pigments, antibiotics, and antimicrobial chemicals play an important function as metabolites, resulting in a wide range of applications and uses in a variety of sectors. Nowadays, the entire world is migrating away from synthetic and chemical products in favor of natural ones. Consistent study for novel microbial metabolites that could be employed in industrial processes, thereby driving profit growth in a variety of businesses. Actinomycetes are a major microbial population found in soil, plant tissues, fresh water, and marine settings. Many useful extracellular enzymes, pigments, antibiotics, and antibacterial compounds are produced by actinomycetes. Enzymes like cellulases from Streptomyces albus; pigments like Violacein from Streptomyces violaceus; antibiotics like Tetracycline from Streptomyces aureofaciens, produced by Actinomycetes and applied in different industries. Actinomycetes found in severe conditions are known to create novel bioactive compounds with high industrial potential. This article attempts to summarize Actinomycetes' ability to create bioactive secondary metabolites from actinomycetes and its applications in various industries.
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Utermann, Caroline, Vivien A. Echelmeyer, Martina Blümel, and Deniz Tasdemir. "Culture-Dependent Microbiome of the Ciona intestinalis Tunic: Isolation, Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111732.
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Ascidians and their associated microbiota are prolific producers of bioactive marine natural products. Recent culture-independent studies have revealed that the tunic of the solitary ascidian Cionaintestinalis (sea vase) is colonized by a diverse bacterial community, however, the biotechnological potential of this community has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed at isolating the culturable microbiota associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis collected from the North and Baltic Seas, to investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and to gain first insights into their metabolite repertoire. The tunic of the sea vase was found to harbor a rich microbial community, from which 89 bacterial and 22 fungal strains were isolated. The diversity of the tunic-associated microbiota differed from that of the ambient seawater samples, but also between sampling sites. Fungi were isolated for the first time from the tunic of Ciona. The proportion of bioactive extracts was high, since 45% of the microbial extracts inhibited the growth of human pathogenic bacteria, fungi or cancer cell lines. In a subsequent bioactivity- and metabolite profiling-based approach, seven microbial extracts were prioritized for in-depth chemical investigations. Untargeted metabolomics analyses of the selected extracts by a UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking approach revealed a vast chemical diversity with compounds assigned to 22 natural product families, plus many metabolites that remained unidentified. This initial study indicates that bacteria and fungi associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis represent an untapped source of putatively new marine natural products with pharmacological relevance.
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Lin, Xing’e, Hongmao Gao, Zheli Ding, Rulin Zhan, Zhaoxi Zhou, and Jianhong Ming. "Comparative Metabolic Profiling in Pulp and Peel of Green and Red Pitayas (Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus) Reveals Potential Valorization in the Pharmaceutical and Food Industries." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 12, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6546170.
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Pitaya (Hylocereus genus) is a popular plant with exotic and nutritious fruit, which has widespread uses as a source of nutrients and raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the potential of pitaya peel as a natural source of bioactive compounds has not yet fully been explored. Recent advances in metabolomics have paved the way for understanding and evaluating the presence of diverse sets of metabolites in different plant parts. This study is aimed at exploring the diversity of primary and secondary metabolites in two commercial varieties of pitaya, i.e., green pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) and red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). A total of 433 metabolites were identified using a widely targeted metabolomic approach and classified into nine known diverse classes of metabolites, including flavonoids, amino acids and its derivatives, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, lipids, and lignans. Red pitaya peel and pulp showed relatively high accumulation of metabolites viz. alkaloids, amino acids and its derivatives, and lipids. Differential metabolite landscape of pitaya fruit indicated the presence of key bioactive compounds, i.e., L-tyrosine, L-valine, DL-norvaline, tryptophan, γ-linolenic acid, and isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside. The findings in this study provide new insight into the broad spectrum of bioactive compounds of red and green pitaya, emphasizing the valorization of the biowaste pitaya peel as raw material for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Widada, Jaka. "Discovery of novel bioactive natural products from Streptomyces driven by a bottom-up approach." BIO Web of Conferences 41 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20214102003.
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Streptomyces strains are a very potential source for bioactive natural products of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry such as antibiotics, anticancer chemotherapy, immunosuppressants, etc. About two thirds of all known antibiotics are produced by actinomycetes, mostly by Streptomyces. However, in recent years, the chances of discovering new and bioactive natural products from Streptomyces have decreased significantly. In general, the selection of antibioticproducing Streptomyces was done by using an antagonist to test a number of microbial pathogens so that only strains that had the inhibitory ability were forwarded for further investigation, while strains that did not have the ability were discarded. For our research group, it is also interesting to explore furtherStreptomyces strains that do not produce antifungal compounds in producing new bioactive natural products such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. Our hypothesis is that the bioactive natural products produced from this strain will be safe if the compound is developed as a drug, because of its low cytotoxicity to non-target cells. The bottom-up approach through genome sequencing has provided access to a large number of BGC bioactive natural products embedded in the Streptomyces genome. In addition, metabolomics studies provide a portfolio of the entire metabolite producedfrom the strain of interest. Therefore, in this presentation, we will present a bottomup approach to accelerate the discovery of bioactive natural products especially anticancer from Streptomyces sp. GMY01 isolated from the sediments of the southerncoast of Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta by combining genomic mining and metabolomic approaches.
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Al-shaibani, Muhanna Mohammed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Nik Marzuki Sidik, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Adel Al-Gheethi, Efaq Noman, Nabil Ali Al-Mekhlafi, and Noraziah Mohamad Zin. "Biodiversity of Secondary Metabolites Compounds Isolated from Phylum Actinobacteria and Its Therapeutic Applications." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 4504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154504.
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The current review aims to summarise the biodiversity and biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites compounds, of the phylum Actinobacteria and the diverse range of secondary metabolites produced that vary depending on its ecological environments they inhabit. Actinobacteria creates a wide range of bioactive substances that can be of great value to public health and the pharmaceutical industry. The literature analysis process for this review was conducted using the VOSviewer software tool to visualise the bibliometric networks of the most relevant databases from the Scopus database in the period between 2010 and 22 March 2021. Screening and exploring the available literature relating to the extreme environments and ecosystems that Actinobacteria inhabit aims to identify new strains of this major microorganism class, producing unique novel bioactive compounds. The knowledge gained from these studies is intended to encourage scientists in the natural product discovery field to identify and characterise novel strains containing various bioactive gene clusters with potential clinical applications. It is evident that Actinobacteria adapted to survive in extreme environments represent an important source of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Actinobacteria have a large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. They can synthesise thousands of subordinate metabolites with different biological actions such as anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-virus, anti-cancer and growth-promoting compounds. These are highly significant economically due to their potential applications in the food, nutrition and health industries and thus support our communities’ well-being.
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Soldatou, Sylvia, Grímur Hjörleifsson Eldjárn, Andrew Ramsay, Justin J. J. van der Hooft, Alison H. Hughes, Simon Rogers, and Katherine R. Duncan. "Comparative Metabologenomics Analysis of Polar Actinomycetes." Marine Drugs 19, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020103.
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Biosynthetic and chemical datasets are the two major pillars for microbial drug discovery in the omics era. Despite the advancement of analysis tools and platforms for multi-strain metabolomics and genomics, linking these information sources remains a considerable bottleneck in strain prioritisation and natural product discovery. In this study, molecular networking of the 100 metabolite extracts derived from applying the OSMAC approach to 25 Polar bacterial strains, showed growth media specificity and potential chemical novelty was suggested. Moreover, the metabolite extracts were screened for antibacterial activity and promising selective bioactivity against drug-persistent pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii was observed. Genome sequencing data were combined with metabolomics experiments in the recently developed computational approach, NPLinker, which was used to link BGC and molecular features to prioritise strains for further investigation based on biosynthetic and chemical information. Herein, we putatively identified the known metabolites ectoine and chrloramphenicol which, through NPLinker, were linked to their associated BGCs. The metabologenomics approach followed in this study can potentially be applied to any large microbial datasets for accelerating the discovery of new (bioactive) specialised metabolites.
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Riaz, Ammara, Azhar Rasul, Nazia Kanwal, Ghulam Hussain, Muhammad Ajmal Shah, Iqra Sarfraz, Rubab Ishfaq, Rabia Batool, Fariha Rukhsar, and Şevki Adem. "Germacrone: A Potent Secondary Metabolite with Therapeutic Potential in Metabolic Diseases, Cancer and Viral Infections." Current Drug Metabolism 21, no. 14 (December 30, 2020): 1079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200221999200728144801.
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: Natural products, an infinite reserve of bioactive molecules, will continue to serve humans as an important source of therapeutic agents. Germacrone is a bioactive natural compound found in the traditional medicinal plants of family Zingiberaceae. This multifaceted chemical entity has become a point of focus during recent years due to its numerous pharmacological applications, e.g., anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, anti-androgenic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and neuroprotective. Germacrone is an effective inducer of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancers (breast, brain, liver, skin, prostate, gastric, and esophageal) via modulation of different cell signaling molecules and pathways involved in cancer proliferation. This is the first report highlighting the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities exhibited by germacrone. The reported data collected from various shreds of evidences recommend that this multifaceted compound could serve as a potential drug candidate in the near future.
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Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Cristina Quispe, Carla Marina Salgado Castillo, Rodrigo Caroca, Marco A. Lazo-Vélez, Halyna Antonyak, Alexandr Polishchuk, et al. "Ellagic Acid: A Review on Its Natural Sources, Chemical Stability, and Therapeutic Potential." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3848084.
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Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseases.
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Nurcahyaningtyas, Haviani Rizka, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra, and Arry Yanuar. "REVIEW: NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS POTENTIAL ON INHIBITION OF TRANSMEMBRANE SERINE PROTEASE 2 WITH STRUCTURE-BASED VIRTUAL SCREENING METHOD." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 8, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 1089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/ms.v8i3.806.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health emergency. Suitable medications are required to prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human transmembrane serine protease 2, which is required for viral entry into the host cells, was identified as the target protein. The present study was designed to synthesize, through a systematic review, evidence of phytochemicals found in plants that can inhibit transmembrane serine protease 2 in silico. The databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Nature, and SpringerLink were used for systematic exploration. Among the 113 studies retrieved, 11 were selected for the entire read and 7 studies were deemed appropriate for the qualitative synthesis. Flavonoids, including the bioactive substances luteolin, vicenin 2, naringin, 8-geranylapigenin, phenylethyl-D-rutinoside morusin, sanggenol L, and kaempferol, are the most widely studied classes of secondary metabolites. Other classes that were also evaluated were lactones, terpenoids, and saponins with withanoside-V, 11-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)abieta-5,7,9(11),13-tetraene-12- one, and licorice as active substances, respectively. This review indicates the most bioactive components of each group of metabolites that demonstrated the greatest binding affinity for the transmembrane serine protease 2 receptor, as an initial point for selecting substances and exploring additional laboratory research and clinical studies to identify novel medication candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Keywords: Secondary metabolite, SARS-CoV-2, structure-based virtual screening, transmembrane serine protease 2, Plants
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Zamani, N. P., L. Rahman, R. L. Rosada, and W. Tirtama. "Overview of bioactivity studies on marine natural products." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 944, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012029.
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Abstract Marine natural products are sourced from marine biodiversity as natural raw materials for various commercial products. This study aims to review natural products of marine organisms and gap analysis for future research or challenges. A total of 109 references from 24 countries were collected. The analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The bioactive compounds produced wereantioxidants, antibacterial, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-fouling, antifungal, and anti-tumoral substances. Some marine organisms that can store chemical compounds through secondary metabolite processes are mangroves, seagrasses, macroalgae, microalgae, soft corals, molluscs, echinoderms, gastropods, cnidarians, sponges, fungi, and bacteria. Most of the papers only discuss the identification stage of the active compound, and some focus on product development. There are very few studies on prospects of commercialization and mass production. The problem to achieve mass production is due to the lack of interdisciplinary research collaboration. Future research challenges need to develop a transdisciplinary approach to study bioprospection research from upstream to downstream, starting from the potential identification of bioactive ingredients, product development, the availability of raw materials for mass production as well as commercialization and marketing.
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Giubergia, Sonia, Christopher Phippen, Charlotte H. Gotfredsen, Kristian Fog Nielsen, and Lone Gram. "Influence of Niche-Specific Nutrients on Secondary Metabolism in Vibrionaceae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 13 (April 29, 2016): 4035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00730-16.
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ABSTRACTMany factors, such as the substrate and the growth phase, influence biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in microorganisms. Therefore, it is crucial to consider these factors when establishing a bioprospecting strategy. Mimicking the conditions of the natural environment has been suggested as a means of inducing or influencing microbial secondary metabolite production. The purpose of the present study was to determine how the bioactivity ofVibrionaceaewas influenced by carbon sources typical of their natural environment. We determined how mannose and chitin, compared to glucose, influenced the antibacterial activity of a collection ofVibrionaceaestrains isolated because of their ability to produce antibacterial compounds but that in subsequent screenings seemed to have lost this ability. The numbers of bioactive isolates were 2- and 3.5-fold higher when strains were grown on mannose and chitin, respectively, than on glucose. As secondary metabolites are typically produced during late growth, potential producers were also allowed 1 to 2 days of growth before exposure to the pathogen. This strategy led to a 3-fold increase in the number of bioactive strains on glucose and an 8-fold increase on both chitin and mannose. We selected two bioactive strains belonging to species for which antibacterial activity had not previously been identified. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioassay-guided fractionation, we found that the siderophore fluvibactin was responsible for the antibacterial activity ofVibrio furnissiiandVibrio fluvialis. These results suggest a role of chitin in the regulation of secondary metabolism in vibrios and demonstrate that considering bacterial ecophysiology during development of screening strategies will facilitate bioprospecting.IMPORTANCEA challenge in microbial natural product discovery is the elicitation of the biosynthetic gene clusters that are silent when microorganisms are grown under standard laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that, since the clusters are not lost during proliferation in the natural niche of the microorganisms, they must, under such conditions, be functional. Here, we demonstrate that an ecology-based approach in which the producer organism is allowed a temporal advantage and where growth conditions are mimicking the natural niche remarkably increases the number ofVibrionaceaestrains producing antibacterial compounds.
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Nagabhishek, Sirpu Natesh, and Arumugam Madankumar. "A novel apoptosis-inducing metabolite isolated from marine sponge symbiont Monascus sp. NMK7 attenuates cell proliferation, migration and ROS stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells." RSC Advances 9, no. 11 (2019): 5878–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09886g.
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Awakawa, Takayoshi, and Ikuro Abe. "Reconstitution of Polyketide-Derived Meroterpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Aspergillus oryzae." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060486.
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The heterologous gene expression system with Aspergillus oryzae as the host is an effective method to investigate fungal secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways for reconstruction to produce un-natural molecules due to its high productivity and genetic tractability. In this review, we focus on biosynthetic studies of fungal polyketide-derived meroterpenoids, a group of bioactive natural products, by means of the A. oryzae heterologous expression system. The heterologous expression methods and the biosynthetic reactions are described in detail for future prospects to create un-natural molecules via biosynthetic re-design.
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Ding, Zhuang, Haibo Zhou, Xiao Wang, Huiming Huang, Haotian Wang, Ruiyan Zhang, Zhengping Wang, and Jun Han. "Deletion of the Histone Deacetylase HdaA in Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701 Induces the Complex Response of Multiple Bioactive Secondary Metabolite Production and Relevant Gene Cluster Expression." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 3657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163657.
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Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in controlling fungal secondary metabolism. Here, we report the pleiotropic effects of the epigenetic regulator HdaA (histone deacetylase) on secondary metabolite production and the associated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) expression in the plant endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701. Deletion of the hdaA gene in strain Fes1701 induced a significant change of the secondary metabolite profile with the emergence of the bioactive indole alkaloid meleagrin. Simultaneously, more meleagrin/roquefortine-related compounds and less chrysogine were synthesized in the ΔhdaA strain. Transcriptional analysis of relevant gene clusters in ΔhdaA and wild strains indicated that disruption of hdaA had different effects on the expression levels of two BGCs: the meleagrin/roquefortine BGC was upregulated, while the chrysogine BGC was downregulated. Interestingly, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that different functional genes in the same BGC had different responses to the disruption of hdaA. Thereinto, the roqO gene, which encodes a key catalyzing enzyme in meleagrin biosynthesis, showed the highest upregulation in the ΔhdaA strain (84.8-fold). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the upregulation of HdaA inactivation on meleagrin/roquefortine alkaloid production in the endophytic fungus P. chrysogenum. Our results suggest that genetic manipulation based on the epigenetic regulator HdaA is an important strategy for regulating the productions of secondary metabolites and expanding bioactive natural product resources in endophytic fungi.
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Šimat, Vida, Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod, Martina Čagalj, Imen Hamed, and Ivana Generalić Mekinić. "Astaxanthin from Crustaceans and Their Byproducts: A Bioactive Metabolite Candidate for Therapeutic Application." Marine Drugs 20, no. 3 (March 12, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20030206.
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In recent years, the food, pharma, and cosmetic industries have shown considerable interest in bioactive molecules of marine origin that show high potential for application as nutraceuticals and therapeutic agents. Astaxanthin, a lipid-soluble and orange-reddish-colored carotenoid pigment, is one of the most investigated pigments. Natural astaxanthin is mainly produced from microalgae, and it shows much stronger antioxidant properties than its synthetic counterpart. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the important aspects and recent findings associated with the possible use of crustacean byproducts as a source of astaxanthin. In the last five years of research on the crustaceans and their byproducts as a source of natural astaxanthin, there are many new findings regarding the astaxanthin content in different species and new green extraction protocols for its extraction. However, there is a lack of information on the amounts of astaxanthin currently obtained from the byproducts as well as on the cost-effectiveness of the astaxanthin production from the byproducts. Improvement in these areas would most certainly contribute to the reduction of waste and reuse in the crustacean processing industry. Successful exploitation of byproducts for recovery of this valuable compound would have both environmental and social benefits. Finally, astaxanthin’s strong biological activity and prominent health benefits have been discussed in the paper.
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Ricciardi, M. R., R. Licchetta, S. Mirabilii, M. Scarpari, A. Parroni, A. A. Fabbri, P. Cescutti, M. Reverberi, C. Fanelli, and A. Tafuri. "Preclinical Antileukemia Activity of Tramesan: A Newly Identified Bioactive Fungal Metabolite." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5061639.
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Despite improvements that occurred in the last decades in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, clinical results are still unsatisfactory. More effective therapies are required, and innovative approaches are ongoing, including the discovery of novel antileukemia natural compounds. Several studies have described the activity of extracts from mushrooms which produce compounds that exhibited immunological and antitumor activities. The latter has been demonstrated to be promoted in vitro by mushroom polysaccharides via induction of apoptosis. However, the antileukemia activity of these compounds on primary cells is still not reported. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of Tramesan (TR), a bioactive compound extracted from Trametes versicolor, on leukemic cell lines and primary cells. Our results demonstrated that TR induced a marked growth inhibition of leukemic cell lines and primary cells from AML patients. The antiproliferative effects of TR were associated in primary AML cells with a significant increase of apoptosis. No significant cytotoxic effects were observed in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from healthy donors. Our data demonstrated a cytotoxic activity of TR on leukemia cells prompting further translational applications. Ongoing studies are elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying its antileukemic activity.
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Andryukov, Boris, Valery Mikhailov, and Nataly Besednova. "The Biotechnological Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Bacteria." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7060176.
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Marine habitats are a rich source of molecules of biological interest. In particular, marine bacteria attract attention with their ability to synthesize structurally diverse classes of bioactive secondary metabolites with high biotechnological potential. The last decades were marked by numerous discoveries of biomolecules of bacterial symbionts, which have long been considered metabolites of marine animals. Many compounds isolated from marine bacteria are unique in their structure and biological activity. Their study has made a significant contribution to the discovery and production of new natural antimicrobial agents. Identifying the mechanisms and potential of this type of metabolite production in marine bacteria has become one of the noteworthy trends in modern biotechnology. This path has become not only one of the most promising approaches to the development of new antibiotics, but also a potential target for controlling the viability of pathogenic bacteria.
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Wolfender, Jean‐Luc, Emerson Ferreira Queiroz, and Pierre‐Marie Allard. "Massive metabolite profiling of natural extracts for a rational prioritization of bioactive natural products: A paradigm shift in pharmacognosy." Food Frontiers 1, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fft2.7.
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Cassiano, Chiara, Agostino Casapullo, Alessandra Tosco, Maria Chiara Monti, and Raffaele Riccio. "In Cell Interactome of Oleocanthal, an Extra Virgin Olive Oil Bioactive Component." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 6 (June 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000654.
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A copper-(I)-catalyzed variation of the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been applied to lead the in living-cell mass-spectrometry based identification of protein targets of oleocanthal, a natural metabolite daily ingested by millions of people. Chemical proteomics revealed heat-shock proteins, HSP70 and HSP90, as main oleocanthal interactors in living systems. These two proteins are involved in cancer development and, thus, our findings could have important outcomes for a deep evaluation of the bio-pharmacological significance of oleocanthal.
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Gokilavani, R., and Banu H. Rehana. "GC-MS analysis of endolichenic fungus isolated from Hypotrachyna infirma (Kurok.)Hale." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1706rjbt1160121.
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Lichen is a stable, ecologically obligate, self-supporting mutualism between an exhabitant fungus and one or more inhabitant extracellularly located unicellular or filamentous photoautotrophic partners. Endolichenic fungi are an emerging group of endosymbiotic microorganisms that live within the lichen thalli. Natural products from endolichenic fungi isolated from variety of different lichen species, have been attracting increased attention for their potential to produce bioactive metabolites. The bioactive metabolite produced by endolichenic fungi originate from multiple biosynthetic pathways and occupy different chemical structure classes which including steroids, quinones, terpenoids, peptides, xanthones etc. With this background, ethyl acetate extract of endolichenic fungus (Nigrospora oryzae (Berk and Broome)) isolated from Hypotrachyna infirma was subjected to Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using Perkin-Erlenmer Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of different phytochemical compounds in the extract of the endolichenic fungus 30 compounds were identified with valuable biological activity in the above extracts. From the results, it is evident that endolichenic fungus contain various phyto components and can be recommended as the fungus of phytopharmaceutical importance.
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Kim Tiam, Sandra, Muriel Gugger, Justine Demay, Séverine Le Manach, Charlotte Duval, Cécile Bernard, and Benjamin Marie. "Insights into the Diversity of Secondary Metabolites of Planktothrix Using a Biphasic Approach Combining Global Genomics and Metabolomics." Toxins 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090498.
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Cyanobacteria are an ancient lineage of slow-growing photosynthetic bacteria and a prolific source of natural products with diverse chemical structures and potent biological activities and toxicities. The chemical identification of these compounds remains a major bottleneck. Strategies that can prioritize the most prolific strains and novel compounds are of great interest. Here, we combine chemical analysis and genomics to investigate the chemodiversity of secondary metabolites based on their pattern of distribution within some cyanobacteria. Planktothrix being a cyanobacterial genus known to form blooms worldwide and to produce a broad spectrum of toxins and other bioactive compounds, we applied this combined approach on four closely related strains of Planktothrix. The chemical diversity of the metabolites produced by the four strains was evaluated using an untargeted metabolomics strategy with high-resolution LC–MS. Metabolite profiles were correlated with the potential of metabolite production identified by genomics for the different strains. Although, the Planktothrix strains present a global similarity in terms of a biosynthetic cluster gene for microcystin, aeruginosin, and prenylagaramide for example, we found remarkable strain-specific chemodiversity. Only few of the chemical features were common to the four studied strains. Additionally, the MS/MS data were analyzed using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) to identify molecular families of the same biosynthetic origin. In conclusion, we depict an efficient, integrative strategy for elucidating the chemical diversity of a given genus and link the data obtained from analytical chemistry to biosynthetic genes of cyanobacteria.
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Boustie, Joël, and Martin Grube. "Lichens—a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites." Plant Genetic Resources 3, no. 2 (August 2005): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr200572.
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Lichen-forming fungi are unique organisms, producing biologically active metabolites with a great variety of effects, including antibiotic, antimycobacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities. However, only very limited numbers of lichen substances have been screened for their biological activities and their therapeutic potential in medicine. This is certainly due to the difficulties encountered in identification of the species, collection of bulk quantities, and the isolation of pure substances for structure determination and testing activity. Recently, possibilities for bypassing some of these former difficulties have arisen by the introduction of new techniques. This includes axenic cultivation for production of the genuine compounds or new ones, extraction of focused compounds, or synthesis of natural products or their derivatives for testing. Utilizing these new opportunities, the discovery of novel active metabolites, which could serve as lead compounds, is significantly facilitated. At the same time, the evolution of secondary metabolite patterns is studied using phylogenetic approaches. Yet, the genetic background of the complex chemical patterns is poorly understood. The scattered occurrence of some compounds suggests that their production evolved either in parallel or that ancient biosynthetic pathways are abandoned in many lineages. At least, studies on polyketide synthase genes from different lichen groups suggest a high level of gene paralogy. In this context, clades of orthologous polyketide synthase genes, which are often shared with distantly related non-lichenized fungi, can roughly be identified by their sequence similarity and their similar patterns of substitution rates. The functional assignment of paralogs is nevertheless difficult and reasonable only in a few cases. A global approach of the lichen metabolomic features appears to be essential in developing new and viable biotechnological processes which could afford suitable amounts of unique lichen compounds.
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Brito-Bello, Alethia A., and Damar Lopez-Arredondo. "Bioactive Compounds with Pesticide Activities Derived from Aged Cultures of Green Microalgae." Biology 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2023): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081149.
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The excessive use of synthetic pesticides has caused environmental problems and human health risks and increased the development of resistance in several organisms. Allelochemicals, secondary metabolites produced as part of the defense mechanisms in plants and microorganisms, are an attractive alternative to replace synthetic pesticides to remediate these problems. Microalgae are natural producers of a wide range of allelochemicals. Thus, they provide new opportunities to identify secondary metabolites with pesticide activities and an alternative approach to discover new modes of action and circumvent resistance. We screened 10 green microalgae strains belonging to the Chlorophyta phylum for their potential to inhibit the growth of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organisms. Bioassays were established to assess microalgae extracts’ effectiveness in controlling the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana, Arabidopsis thaliana, Amaranthus palmeri, and the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. All tested strains exhibited herbicidal, nematocidal, or algicidal activities. Importantly, methanol extracts of a Chlamydomonas strain effectively controlled the germination and growth of a glyphosate-resistant A. palmeri biotype. Likewise, some microalgae extracts effectively killed C. elegans L1 larvae. Comprehensive metabolic profiling using LC-MS of extracts with pesticide activities showed that the metabolite composition of Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, and Chloroidium extracts is diverse. Molecules such as fatty acids, isoquinoline alkaloids, aldehydes, and cinnamic acids were more abundant, suggesting their participation in the pesticide activities.
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Raimundo, Inês, Sandra Silva, Rodrigo Costa, and Tina Keller-Costa. "Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Octocoral-Associated Microbes—New Chances for Blue Growth." Marine Drugs 16, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120485.
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Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa Octocorallia) are magnificent repositories of natural products with fascinating and unusual chemical structures and bioactivities of interest to medicine and biotechnology. However, mechanistic understanding of the contribution of microbial symbionts to the chemical diversity of octocorals is yet to be achieved. This review inventories the natural products so-far described for octocoral-derived bacteria and fungi, uncovering a true chemical arsenal of terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and polyketides with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antifouling, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimalarial activities of enormous potential for blue growth. Genome mining of 15 bacterial associates (spanning 12 genera) cultivated from Eunicella spp. resulted in the identification of 440 putative and classifiable secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), encompassing varied terpene-, polyketide-, bacteriocin-, and nonribosomal peptide-synthase BGCs. This points towards a widespread yet uncharted capacity of octocoral-associated bacteria to synthetize a broad range of natural products. However, to extend our knowledge and foster the near-future laboratory production of bioactive compounds from (cultivatable and currently uncultivatable) octocoral symbionts, optimal blending between targeted metagenomics, DNA recombinant technologies, improved symbiont cultivation, functional genomics, and analytical chemistry are required. Such a multidisciplinary undertaking is key to achieving a sustainable response to the urgent industrial demand for novel drugs and enzyme varieties.
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Padma B., Jessy, Saraswathi K., Arumugam P., and Anna Shiny R. "Isolation, characterization and evaluation of antioxidant activities of secondary metabolites producing actinomycetes of terrestrial origin." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180643.
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Background: Microbial secondary metabolites are important sources of natural compounds when compared to others with potential, beneficial therapeutic applications. There are chances of discovery of new Streptomyces species and new compounds from the respective genus. Due to ever and over increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to our current arsenal of antibiotics, a great need exists for the isolation and discovery of new antibiotics and other drug agents. Based on the above concept actinomycetes are mainly targeted for secondary metabolites production and evaluation of compounds therapeutically.Methods: Totally 15 pure isolates were obtained from two different soil samples by spread plate and quadrant streak techniques. Their colony and surface morphology were studied by morphological and biochemical characterization. Secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction and the presence of bioactive compounds was detected by thin layer chromatography. The antioxidant potential was determined by Dot plot, DPPH and Phosphomolybdenum assay. The nature and the number of active compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis.Results: Among the 15 isolates, 10 isolates were found to have characteristic features of actinomycetes and 8 isolates were found to be fast growing actinomycetes. Among these 8 isolates, isolates of terrestrial origin were found to possess more bioactive compounds than those of marine origin and the four terrestrial isolates selected for evaluation of bioactive compounds and determination of antioxidant potential showed that the isolate TS 1010 had better and efficient secondary metabolite activity.Conclusions: Thus, from the above study it is seen that not only actinomycetes of marine origin, but terrestrial origin are also fast growers and possess better antioxidant and radical scavenging activity.
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Anand, Anupama, Anshu Sharma, Harpreet Kaur Saini, Somesh Sharma, Ruchi Sharma, Chahat Thakur, Priyanka, Maria Atanassova, Gianluca Caruso, and Ardalan Pasdaran. "Profiling of Plant Derived Natural Constituents by Using Magnetic Resonance Techniques." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5705637.
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Plants are reservoirs of naturally occurring chemical constituents with a wide range of structural diversity. These biological compounds can be derived from different parts of plants such as leaves, barks, seeds, seed coats, flowers, and roots. A broad array of secondary metabolic compounds is present in the plants such as antibiotics, alkaloids, antimicrobials, food-grade pigments, and phenolics which have been reported to possess numerous health-related benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiobesity activities. Therefore, the identification and detection of these compounds are of utmost importance in order to utilise their benefits into various fields. Wherein, magnetic resonance techniques, such as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance), being far more reproducible, nondestructive, than other analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography, mass spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography cover a much wider dynamic range of metabolites with easy sample preparation techniques with high speed and fidelity. Hence, these magnetic resonance techniques have been proven to be extremely useful in plant metabolite profiling and disease metabolomics, along with structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from plant sources. Therefore, the present review focuses on the effectiveness of magnetic resonance for the detection of plant-derived metabolites that may lead to new areas of research in various fields such as drug discovery and development, metabolomics, combinatorial chemistry, and assessing overall food safety and quality.
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Xue, Yutong, Zhiyan Zhou, Fangjian Feng, Hang Zhao, Shuangling Tan, Jinling Li, Sitong Wu, Zhiran Ju, Shan He, and Lijian Ding. "Genomic Analysis of Kitasatospora setae to Explore Its Biosynthetic Potential Regarding Secondary Metabolites." Antibiotics 13, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050459.
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Actinomycetes have long been recognized as important sources of clinical antibiotics. However, the exploration of rare actinomycetes, despite their potential for producing bioactive molecules, has remained relatively limited compared to the extensively studied Streptomyces genus. The extensive investigation of Streptomyces species and their natural products has led to a diminished probability of discovering novel bioactive compounds from this group. Consequently, our research focus has shifted towards less explored actinomycetes, beyond Streptomyces, with particular emphasis on Kitasatospora setae (K. setae). The genome of K. setae was annotated and analyzed through whole-genome sequencing using multiple bio-informatics tools, revealing an 8.6 Mbp genome with a 74.42% G+C content. AntiSMASH analysis identified 40 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), approximately half of which were recessive and unknown. Additionally, metabolomic mining utilizing mass spectrometry demonstrated the potential for this rare actinomycete to generate numerous bioactive compounds such as glycosides and macrolides, with bafilomycin being the major compound produced. Collectively, genomics- and metabolomics-based techniques confirmed K. setae’s potential as a bioactive secondary metabolite producer that is worthy of further exploration.
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Caprara, Carolina da Silva Canielles, Tatiane Ksyvickas Mathias, Maria de Fátima C. Santos, Marcelo G. M. D’Oca, Caroline Da R. M. D’Oca, Fabio Roselet, Paulo Cesar Abreu, and Daniela Fernandes Ramos. "Application of 1H HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolite Fingerprinting of Marine Microalgae." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020202.
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Natural products from the marine environment as well as microalgae, have been known for the complexity of the metabolites they produce due to their adaptability to different environmental conditions, which has been an inexhaustible source of several bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, and antimicrobial. This study aims to characterize the main metabolites of three species of microalgae (Nannochloropsis oceanica, Chaetoceros muelleri, and Conticribra weissflogii), which have important applications in the biofuel and nutrition industries, by 1H High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR), a method which is non-destructive, is highly reproducible, and requires minimal sample preparation. Even though the three species were found in the same ecosystem and a superior production of lipid compounds was observed, important differences were identified in relation to the production of specialized metabolites. These distinct properties favor the use of these compounds as leaders in the development of new bioactive compounds, especially against environmental, human, and animal pathogens (One Health), and demonstrate their potential in the development of alternatives for aquaculture.
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Misra, Ankita, Mridul Kant Chaudhary, Pushpendra Shukla, and Sharad Srivastava. "Simultaneous Quantification of Pharmacologically Active Alkaloid Metabolites Colchicine and Gloriosine in Gloriosa Superba L. collected from Western Ghats (India) and Adjoining Areas for the Identification of Elite Chemotype(s)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 104, no. 4 (January 23, 2021): 1155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsab007.
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Abstract Background Gloriosa superba is a valuable Ayurvedic medicinal plant and is in high demand in the world market for its colchicine content, which is used to treat gout. Objective The study aims (1) to record the metabolic variations in major bioactive metabolites, colchicine and gloriosine, in the natural populations of G. superba from Western Ghats and adjoining areas in India and (2) to develop HPTLC protocol for the identification of elite chemotypes of species and regulation of quality raw material, extract, and finished material. Method Simultaneous quantification of colchicine and gloriosine in 22 natural populations through validated HPTLC as per ICH guidelines. Results Colchicine and gloriosine were identified at Rf 0.51 ± 0.03 and 0.41 ± 0.05 and the content varied from 0.021 to 0.86% and 0.003 to 0.198%. The method was found linear at a concentration range of 0.1–0.7 µg/spot, and LOD (3.3 σ/S) and LOQ (10 σ/S) was 0.71 and 2.16 µg/spot. The method was precise in the concentration range of 100–300 ng/spot, with 98.29% and 101.12% recovery (% RSD) for colchicine and gloriosine. Subsequently, four elite chemotypes were identified based on cluster analysis of metabolite content. Conclusion The developed HPTLC method is linear, accurate, precise, and robust for simultaneous quantification of colchicine and gloriosine metabolite(s). Intraspecific metabolic variation was significant among the collected population, leading to the identification of four elite chemotypes. Highlights Colchicine is an industrially viable metabolite and is therefore quintessential to the development of an economical and analytical method to regulate the quality of raw material, extract, and finished products.
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N. S, Bhadekar, and Zodape G.V. "Isolation and Partial Purification of Bioactive Compounds from Sponge Sigmadocia Fibulata (Schmidt) Collected from West Coast of Mumbai, India." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 1675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2269.
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The sponge Sigmadocia fibulata (Schmidt) was collected during low tides from West Coast of Mumbai. Crude extract was obtained by taking 10 gram of sponge samples in10 ml of methanol. The preparative TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) was performed by using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Diethylamine (7:2:1) (v/v). The isolated compounds were subjected to GC-MS and FTIR analysis. The structural properties of bio active compounds were determined.From the structural determination it was confirmed that S. fibulata contains bioactive compounds as Triacontanoic acid, methyl ester – (Skin irritant), Hexadecanoic acid, 2- hydroxyl- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester – (Fatty acid, Metabolite and Irritant) and 2-Nitro-1, 3-bis-oclyoxy-benzene, (A natural product found in Neolitsea daibuensis. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite). From their biological properties it was confirmed that S. fibulata contains bio active compound, which has biomedical and pharmaceutical properties.
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Guo, Yue, Wanda J. Weber, Dan Yao, Luciano Caixeta, Noah P. Zimmerman, Jesse Thompson, Elliot Block, Thomas G. Rehberger, Brian A. Crooker, and Chi Chen. "Forming 4-Methylcatechol as the Dominant Bioavailable Metabolite of Intraruminal Rutin Inhibits p-Cresol Production in Dairy Cows." Metabolites 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010016.
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Rutin, a natural flavonol glycoside, elicits its diverse health-promoting effects from the bioactivities of quercetin, its aglycone. While widely distributed in the vegetables and fruits of human diet, rutin is either absent or inadequate in common animal feed ingredients. Rutin has been supplemented to dairy cows for performance enhancement, but its metabolic fate in vivo has not been determined. In this study, plasma, urine, and rumen fluid samples were collected before and after the intraruminal dosing of 100 mg/kg rutin to 4 Holsteins, and then characterized by both targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis. In plasma and urine, 4-methylcatechol sulfate was identified as the most abundant metabolite of rutin, instead of quercetin and its flavonol metabolites, and its concentration was inversely correlated with the concentration of p-cresol sulfate. In rumen fluid, the formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) and 4-methylcatechol after rapid degradation of rutin and quercetin concurred with the decrease of p-cresol and the increase of its precursor, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Overall, the formation of 4-methylcatechol, a bioactive microbial metabolite, as the dominant bioavailable metabolite of rutin and quercetin, could contribute to their beneficial bioactivities in dairy cows, while the decrease of p-cresol, a microbial metabolite with negative biological and sensory properties, from the competitive inhibition between microbial metabolism of rutin and tyrosine, has the potential to reduce environmental impact of dairy operations and improve the health of dairy cattle.
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Jan, Rahmatullah, Sajjad Asaf, Muhammad Numan, Lubna, and Kyung-Min Kim. "Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050968.
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Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant survival and in creating ecological connections between other species. In addition to providing a variety of valuable natural products, secondary metabolites help protect plants against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. Given their sessile nature, plants must protect themselves from such situations through accumulation of these bioactive compounds. Indeed, secondary metabolites act as herbivore deterrents, barriers against pathogen invasion, and mitigators of oxidative stress. The accumulation of SMs are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility, and salinity. For most plants, a change in an individual environmental factor can alter the content of secondary metabolites even if other factors remain constant. In this review, we focus on how individual environmental factors affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants during both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the application of abiotic and biotic elicitors in culture systems as well as their stimulating effects on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Specifically, we discuss the shikimate pathway and the aromatic amino acids produced in this pathway, which are the precursors of a range of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. We also detail how the biosynthesis of important metabolites is altered by several genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in various plant species during stress conditions are regulated by transcriptional factors such as WRKY, MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, bHLH, and NAC, which are also discussed here.
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Bignell, Elaine, Timothy C. Cairns, Kurt Throckmorton, William C. Nierman, and Nancy P. Keller. "Secondary metabolite arsenal of an opportunistic pathogenic fungus." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1709 (December 5, 2016): 20160023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0023.
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Aspergillus fumigatus is a versatile fungus able to successfully exploit diverse environments from mammalian lungs to agricultural waste products. Among its many fitness attributes are dozens of genetic loci containing biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing bioactive small molecules (often referred to as secondary metabolites or natural products) that provide growth advantages to the fungus dependent on environment. Here we summarize the current knowledge of these BGCs—18 of which can be named to product — their expression profiles in vivo , and which BGCs may enhance virulence of this opportunistic human pathogen. Furthermore, we find extensive evidence for the presence of many of these BGCs, or similar BGCs, in distantly related genera including the emerging pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans , the causative agent of white-nose syndrome in bats, and suggest such BGCs may be predictive of pathogenic potential in other fungi. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
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Qi, Jianzhao, Dacheng Wang, Xia Yin, Qiang Zhang, and Jin-Ming Gao. "New Metabolite With Inhibitory Activity Against α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase From Endophytic Chaetomium globosum." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 7 (July 2020): 1934578X2094133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20941338.
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An efficient bioactive tracking separation strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed and used to isolate bioactive natural products from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum residing in Ginkgo biloba. Using HSCCC, the novel metabolite chaetoglobol acid (1) as well as 11 known compounds (2-12), including 6 chlorinated azaphilones and 3 cytochalasans, were successfully isolated. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated through spectroscopic analyses and HRESIMS data. Compound 1 possesses a rare C11-polyketide skeleton. All isolates were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities in vitro. Compound 1 showed high inhibition against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.04 μM), 18-fold higher than that of acarbose (IC50 = 54.74 μM), and also displayed moderate inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 22.18 μM). As the results indicated that 1 has inhibitory effects against both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, 1 may be a promising candidate for mediating type 2 diabetes.
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Fathoni, Ahmad, Andi Saptaji Kamal, Lukman Hafid, Lina Marlina, Oscar Efendy, Ade Lia Putri, Praptiwi Praptiwi, and Andria Agusta. "ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM TERMITE NESTS." Berita Biologi 23, no. 1 (April 16, 2024): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/beritabiologi.2024.3618.
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Actinomycetes are an important source for the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolite compounds. Over 10,000 bioactive metabolite compounds have been isolated from terrestrial actinomycetes with various biological activities, such as antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, and antioxidant. One source of origin for actinomycetes is soil, including termite nests. Utilization of natural sources such as actinomycetes from termite nests as antioxidants and antibacterials can be an alternative source of production of new secondary metabolite compounds. This research aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of actinomycete extracts from termite nests. Antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity were performed by using the TLC dot-blot, TLC bioautography, and microdilution methods to determine the inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50), antioxidant activity index (AAI), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). From the 33 extracts tested, 16 extracts showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values range of 76.64-126.22 µg/mL or AAI value > 0.05 (moderate), and 8 extracts had moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC values range of 256-512 µg/mL). Future research for scaling-up of actinomycete culture, isolating of active compounds, determining of the chemical structure of active compounds, and further testing as antioxidants and antibacterials still need to be carried out.