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1

Abduganiev, Olimjon I., and Elyorbek G. Makhkamov. "ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS." Journal of Geography and Natural Resources 02, no. 02 (June 1, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jgnr-02-02-04.

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In the article, protected natural areas are considered as objects of ecological tourism. as well as the geo-ecological classification of protected natural areas makes it possible to organize ecological tourism according to their categories.
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2

Boyd, Roger L. "Baker University Natural Areas." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-) 91, no. 1/2 (1988): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3628299.

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Link, Steven O. "Restoration Perspectives for Natural Areas." Natural Areas Journal 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0101.

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Link, Steven O. "The Value of Natural Areas." Natural Areas Journal 26, no. 3 (July 2006): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[232:tvona]2.0.co;2.

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5

Link, Steven O. "Climate Change and Natural Areas." Natural Areas Journal 28, no. 1 (January 2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[5:ccana]2.0.co;2.

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6

Van Miegroet, Helga. "Natural Areas Facing Climate Change." Journal of Environmental Quality 20, no. 3 (July 1991): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000030033x.

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7

Wilson, Chris. "Twenty-Second Natural Areas Conference." Ecological Restoration 14, no. 1 (1996): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.14.1.39.

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8

Spencer, Dwight. "Emporia State University Natural Areas." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-) 91, no. 1/2 (1988): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3628293.

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9

Ford, S. D., and C. S. Ford. "Pittsburg State University Natural Areas." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-) 91, no. 1/2 (1988): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3628295.

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10

Legg, C., and G. P. Malanson. "Natural Areas Facing Climate Change." Journal of Ecology 79, no. 1 (March 1991): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260802.

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11

Robinson, Mark V. "Restoring Natural Areas in Australia." Ecological Management & Restoration 11, no. 3 (November 29, 2010): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2010.00559.x.

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12

Harrington, J. B. "Natural Areas Facing Climate Change." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 58, no. 1-2 (March 1992): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(92)90118-n.

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13

Wang, Xianpu. "Protected Natural Areas in China." Arnoldia 46, no. 4 (1986): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.258559.

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14

Vacek, S. "Minimum area of forests left to spontaneous development in protected areas." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 8 (January 16, 2012): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4709-jfs.

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Search for ecological criteria for decisions on forests to be left to spontaneous development in specially protected areas is based on the knowledge of regularities of autochthonous or natural forests. They are mainly relative constancy of the species composition of communities, relative all-agedness, relative equability of growing stock and relatively small areas of the particular developmental phases and stages. They will lead to the maintenance of ecological autonomy and equability of natural forest; their basic condition is to determine a minimum range (area) of forest stand when the populations are still maintained by autoregulation. The output of this study is applicable methodology and tests of its applicability in 36 localities in spruce woods, beech woods, mixed stands, scree forests, oak woods, floodplain forests and pine woods [in Šumava National Park (ŠNP), Krkonoše National Park (KNP), Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Broumovsko, PLA Český kras, PLA Jizerské hory Mts., in nature reserves at the foothills of the Orlické hory Mts. and in Polabí Lowland]. The objective was to define minimum ranges for natural environmental conditions and for two situations under the existing air pollution environmental conditions.
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15

Loeb, Robert E., Samuel King, and James Helton. "Ridge Forests in Urban Natural Areas." Natural Areas Journal 35, no. 2 (April 2015): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.035.0211.

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16

Noss, Reed, and R. Sanjayan. "Perspectives on Natural Areas and Conservation." Natural Areas Journal 36, no. 3 (July 2016): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.036.0304.

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17

Menges, Eric. "Editorial: Big Challenges for Natural Areas." Natural Areas Journal 39, no. 4 (November 22, 2019): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.039.0401.

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18

Link, Steven O. "A Savings Account for Natural Areas." Natural Areas Journal 28, no. 2 (April 2008): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[103:asafna]2.0.co;2.

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19

Munro, Jennifer K., Angus Morrison-Saunders, and Michael Hughes. "Environmental Interpretation Evaluation in Natural Areas." Journal of Ecotourism 7, no. 1 (August 2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/joe137.0.

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20

Fleharty, E. D., and G. K. Hulett. "Fort Hays State University Natural Areas." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-) 91, no. 1/2 (1988): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3628294.

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21

Wilson, Mark V., Edward R. Alverson, Deborah L. Clark, Richard H. Hayes, Cheryl A. Ingersoll, and Maura B. Naughton. "The Willamette Valley Natural Areas Network." Ecological Restoration 13, no. 1 (1995): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.13.1.26.

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22

Marian, Zaharia, Rodica-Manuela Gogonea, and Daniela Ruxandra Andrei. "Protected Natural Areas and Sustainable Development." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2015010101.

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The process of tourism development has come to include, step by step, the expansion potential of areas where it could be practiced in less accessible natural spaces, which are more problematic from the point of view of tourist penetration and the organization of tourism activities. In this context, making tourism under the umbrella of this concept of expansion, has led, on the one hand, to the expansion of protected natural areas, to their advertising and implicitly to the increase of demand for this type of tourism, and, on the other hand, to the amplification of danger posed to the integrity of the ecosystems included in the tourism circuit. The paper, starting from the actual context of sustainable development, highlights the fact that the tourism potential of protected natural areas constitute an important factor for sustainable development only, if is doing in condition of responsibility and respect for environmental conservation and regeneration of environmental resources
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23

Westing, Arthur H. "Protected Natural Areas and the Military." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 4 (1992): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900031477.

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Examined here is the impact exerted by the military sector of human society on national parks and other protected natural areas. Disruption during wartime, both by regular and by insurgent armed forces, results largely from the collateral effects of their operations and weapons as well as from illegal logging, hunting, fishing, and pillaging. Disruption during peacetime results largely from training exercises and poaching.A number of actions are suggested to mitigate the military impact on protected natural areas, among them: enhanced environmental education and training (in both the civil and military sectors), greater local participation in the management of protected natural areas, creation of greater respect for an expanded system of demilitarized World Natural Heritage Sites, and especially the nurturing among all peoples of a greater respect for Nature.
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24

Cullen, Ross. "Zero prices, equity and natural areas." International Journal of Social Economics 25, no. 6/7/8 (July 1998): 1300–1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299810212766.

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25

Lockwood, Michael. "Integrated value theory for natural areas." Ecological Economics 20, no. 1 (January 1997): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(96)00075-4.

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26

Theodossiou-Drandaki, Irini. "The natural environment in urban areas." Geologica Balcanica 28, no. 3-4 (December 30, 1998): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.28.3-4.143.

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The natural environment is, in people’s mind, out of the cities, and could not belong to the urban environment. It is separated far from the cities. As a consequence, people are very surprised when speaking of geoconservation or geological heritage inside urbanized areas, just in their doorstep. Living in towns and cities does not mean that we have to renounce completely our relation with nature. On the contrary, town-dwellers need an every day contact with nature. This contact improves the quality of human life. Of course in some modern cities this demand will be hard to achieve in short term, but it should be a long-term aim, through a conservation and protection of free spaces policy. Such a policy has to be incorporated in all other policies. The result will be the harmonicus coexistence of nature and city. In the case of Pireas, the main international harbour and one of the biggest cities in Greece, the conditions are far from being sufficient concerning the above mentioned problematics. However, Pireas is a very nice city by nature, degraded by men. Few natural sites are left, always under threat regime because of the pressure of other priorities and the high ground prices. The rapid disappearance of sites and consequently the irreversible loss of information is between the geoscientific issues in relation with the modern cities that should be included in the urban geology topics.
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27

Toshboev, Z. M., I. M. Urozaliev, and J. R. Khamzaev. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS." Journal of Geography and Natural Resources 02, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jgnr-02-01-11.

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Today in our country much attention is paid to the development of ecotourism in specially protected natural areas, there is a growing interest in its study in order to develop ecotourism. This article discusses the importance of developing ecotourism in protected natural areas.
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28

Jakub, Husak, and Hudeckova Helena. "Utilisation of the natural potential of rural areas for social inclusion." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 4 (April 12, 2018): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2016-agricecon.

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The paper presents selected results of the sociological research focused on social inclusive activities that use and are located in the natural environment of rural areas. The paper is based on the contemporary form of the concept of a fully integrated modern society, and deals with the implementation of this concept within the strategy of social inclusion in both the European and Czech context. The authors have created, based on secondary research, a typology of social inclusive activities within Czech rural areas. Primary research, consisting of a questionnaire survey, was used to study the awareness of these issues among the rural population. Based on the selected results of both the primary and secondary research, the authors conclude that a possible path to social inclusion, is, alongside specific social services, social farming, which harmonizes the potential of the rural natural environment with the attitudes of the rural population (the actors and observers of social inclusive activities within their locality).The ongoing research is focused on monitoring barriers to the development of this business sector, which are crucial for the rural actors.
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29

Zielińska, Anetta. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A DETERMINANT OF FUNCTIONING THE VALUABLE NATURAL AREAS." Economics & Sociology 3, no. 1a (July 20, 2010): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2010/3-1a/11.

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30

Koh, Insu, and Jeffrey D. Holland. "Grassland plantings and landscape natural areas both influence insect natural enemies." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 199 (January 2015): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.09.007.

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31

Russart, Brian. "The Next Generation of Natural Areas Managers." Natural Areas Journal 32, no. 1 (January 2012): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.032.0112.

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32

Nelson, Paul W. "Will Missouri's Natural Areas Endure Landscape Transformation?" Natural Areas Journal 38, no. 2 (April 2018): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.038.0210.

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33

Matsil, Marc A., and Michael J. Feller. "Natural Areas Restoration in New York City." Ecological Restoration 14, no. 1 (1996): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.14.1.5.

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34

Martincová, Janka. "Estoration of damaged areas by natural methods." Acta Universitatis Matthiae Belii series Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/actaem.2018.20.2.19-29.

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35

Markovsky, Alexander Vladimirovich. ""Preserving valuable natural areas in Northwest Russia"." Principles of the Ecology 1, no. 1 (March 2012): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2012.661.

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36

Liechti, Paul M. "Overview of University and College Natural Areas." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-) 91, no. 1/2 (1988): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3628290.

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37

Satbaeva, G. S., and R. A. Salimbaeva. "Economic evaluation of specially protected natural areas." Eurasian Journal of Ecology 3, no. 48 (2016): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/eje-2016-3-893.

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38

Corneloup, Jean, Philippe Bourdeau, and Pascal Mao. "The cultural labelling of natural tourist areas." Revue de géographie alpine 92, no. 4 (2004): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rga.2004.4661.

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39

Kesavan, P. C., and M. S. Swaminathan. "Managing extreme natural disasters in coastal areas." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1845 (June 27, 2006): 2191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1822.

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Extreme natural hazards, particularly the hydro-meteorological disasters, are emerging as a cause of major concern in the coastal regions of India and a few other developing countries. These have become more frequent in the recent past, and are taking a heavy toll of life and livelihoods. Low level of technology development in the rural areas together with social, economic and gender inequities enhance the vulnerability of the largely illiterate, unskilled, and resource-poor fishing, farming and landless labour communities. Their resilience to bounce back to pre-disaster level of normality is highly limited. For the planet Earth at crossroads, the imminent threat, however, is from a vicious spiral among environmental degradation, poverty and climate change-related natural disasters interacting in a mutually reinforcing manner. These, in turn, retard sustainable development, and also wipe out any small gains made thereof. To counter this unacceptable trend, the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation has developed a biovillage paradigm and rural knowledge centres for ecotechnological and knowledge empowerment of the coastal communities at risk. Frontier science and technologies blended with traditional knowledge and ecological prudence result in ecotechnologies with pro-nature , pro-poor and pro-women orientation. The rural communities are given training and helped to develop capacity to adopt ecotechnologies for market-driven eco-enterprises. The modern information and communication-based rural knowledge centres largely operated by trained semi-literate young women provide time - and locale - specific information on weather, crop and animal husbandry, market trends and prices for local communities, healthcare, transport, education, etc. to the local communities. The ecotechnologies and time- and locale-specific information content development are need-based and chosen in a ‘bottom-up’ manner. The use of recombinant DNA technology for genetic shielding of agricultural crops for coastal regions against abiotic stress (induced by the water- and weather-related natural disasters), strengthens the foundations of sustainable agriculture undertaken by the resource-poor small farm families.
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40

Slezak, Michael. "Climate change hits world's outstanding natural areas." New Scientist 227, no. 3029 (July 2015): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(15)30723-5.

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41

Howard, Peter, Tim Davenport, and Fred Kigenyi. "Planning conservation areas in Uganda's natural forests." Oryx 31, no. 04 (October 1997): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022213.

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42

Fazey, Ioan, and Andy McQuie. "Applying conservation theory in natural areas management." Ecological Management and Restoration 6, no. 2 (August 2005): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2005.230-6.x.

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43

Siebein, Gary W., and Reece Skelton. "Soundscape documentation of parks and natural areas." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126, no. 4 (2009): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3249513.

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44

Allan, Donald. "Threatened ‘Protected Natural Areas’ of the World." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 1 (1985): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015204.

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45

León, Carmelo J. "Valuing International Tourism Benefits from Natural Areas." Tourism Economics 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300202.

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Tourism involves intensive utilization of environmental assets and natural resources. Valuing these assets may be relevant for policy purposes. This paper presents results from a contingent valuation study of the benefits experienced by tourist visitors to natural areas in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Construct validity is approached by investigating question format effects. The open-ended format is compared with dichotomous choice methods using a general parametric testing procedure. In general, the single-bounded method does produce larger estimates of consumer surplus than the open-ended method, but these divergences were not significant for German and Italian tourists. In addition, the double-bounded method converges to open-ended results, especially for UK tourists. The former method is also robust with respect to the choice of the bid vector design. The assessed benefits highlight the economic contribution of these assets to the tourism industry.
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46

Howard, Peter, Tim Davenport, and Fred Kigenyi. "Planning conservation areas in Uganda's natural forests." Oryx 31, no. 4 (October 1997): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-124.x.

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In the late 1980s the Ugandan Government decided to dedicate a fifth (3000 sq km) of the country's 15,000-sq-km forest estate to management as Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs)for the protection of biodiversity. The Forest Department subsequently undertook a 5-year programme of biological inventory and socioeconomic evaluation to select appropriate areas for designation. Sixty-five of the country's principal forests (including five now designated as National Parks) were systematically evaluated for biodiversity, focusing on five ‘indicator’ taxa (woody plants, birds, small mammals, butterflies and large moths). A scoring system was developed to compare and rank sites according to their suitability for nature reserve establishment and 11 key sites were identified, which, when combined with the country's 10 national parks, account for more than 95 per cent of Uganda's species. In order to satisfy multiple-use management objectives, the Man and the Biosphere model of reserve design is being applied at each forest, by designating a centrally located core area as SNR, with increasingly intensive resource use permitted towards the periphery of each reserve and adjacent rural communities.
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47

Popadynets, N., O. Hrafska, and O. Halachenko. "Foreign experience in managing natural park areas." Balanced nature using, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2023.289321.

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Although the importance of preserving the environment and encouraging public recreation in national parks is widely recognized, challenges to achieving these goals remain. With over a century of national park management experience, the institutional knowledge of national park systems in the European Union and the United States can offer valuable insights into best management practices. Effective and sustainable management of a national park requires an organizational structure at the state level with respect for local institutions at the park level, involvement of stakeholders in park management decisions, public involvement encouraged by information sharing and education, clarity of boundaries, improved relations with landowners of adjacent lands, and give priority to improving relations with the indigenous population. It has been determined that better park management relies on education to increase public awareness of the importance of national parks and park systems. Tourism and climate change were identified as creating increasing challenges for park management, underscoring the shared urgency of addressing these challenges. The foreign experience on the example of the European Union and the United States of America regarding the management of the territories of natural parks is studied. Three methods of using information on management efficiency are characterized: programming, which includes identifying problems and setting priorities; adaptive management, which is based on the use of performance data for the purpose of continuous improvement of management processes; accountability, which means providing reports and answers about activities and performance. It has been proven that in modern times, due to restrictions established by legislation, the territories of national parks in Ukraine do not have wide access for organized mass tourism and recreation.
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48

Ramírez Sánchez-Maroto, Carlos. "Evolución histórica de la protección ambiental en la minería en España." Áreas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales, no. 38 (June 29, 2019): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/areas.386051.

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En este trabajo se analiza la gestación de la normativa de protección ambiental relacionada con las actividades mineras, así como disposiciones específicas mineras que se fueron aprobando y tuvieron incidencia para reducir los efectos negativos al medio natural. Las normativas mineras que se aprobaron en la Edad Moderna preveían algunas medidas a fin de evitar perjuicios a la agricultura, ganado y a pueblos en el entorno de actividades mineras. En el siglo XIX, con un Estado liberal, se fueron aprobando lentamente a partir de mitad de siglo diversas leyes y reglamentos mineros, debido a conflictos sociales, que introdujeron medidas con efectos de protección a la salud y al medio natural. Con un mayor grado de intervencionismo estatal en el siglo XX se fueron aprobando, en un contexto de presión de grupos sociales afectados, diversas normas sectoriales de protección a ríos y arroyos. La Ley de Minas vigente introdujo que se aprobase por decreto el fijar las condiciones imperativas de protección del ambiente, siendo el origen del primer Real Decreto de restauración de actividades mineras de 1982. This paper analyzes the gestation of environmental protec-tion regulations related to mining activities, as well as specific mining provisions that were approved and had an impact to reduce the negative effects to the natural environment. The mining regulations that were approved in the Modern Age envisaged some measures in order to avoid damage to agri-culture, livestock and to villages in the environment of mining activities. In the XIX century, with a liberal State, several laws and mining regulations were slowly being adopted from the middle of the century, due to social conflicts, which introduced measures with health and natural protection effects. With a greater de-gree of state interventionism in the XX century, in a context of pressure from affected social groups, various sectoral rules for the protection of rivers and streams were approved. The Law of Mines in force introduced that it was approved by decree to fix the imperative conditions of protection of the environ-ment, being the origin of the first Royal Decree of restoration of mining activities of 1982.
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49

Becken, Susanne, and Pei Yu Ren. "Challenges for Tourism in Natural Areas – Cost of Carbon and Natural Disasters." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.266.

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Tourism involves travel, and travelling is inherently dependent on carbon-based fuel. The low cost of carbon fuels resulted in massive expansions of global tourism with many countries now depending on tourism exports for their national economies. However, oil is a finite resource and tourism’s dependence on it creates major vulnerabilities. It is also increasingly recognised that to combat man-made global climate change it is essential to put a price on carbon, for example through carbon taxes or Emissions Trading Schemes. The implications of a diminishing availability of cheap carbon-based fuel are extremely complex and far reaching, both for society as a whole and for tourism.
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50

Korolev, A. Yu. "Structure of the natural recreation system." Regional nye issledovaniya, no. 4 (2020): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2020-4-8.

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The article discusses the concept of a natural recreational system (NRS) as a set of interconnected areas of inaccessibility, tourists, regulatory authorities and service personnel. For the development of tourism in natural areas, it is necessary to study the connections between these subsystems, which determined the purpose of the study – to structure the NRS, for which it is necessary: to study the subsystem of tourists, engaged in various types of nature-oriented tourism; examine the subsystems of regulatory bodies and service personnel and determine their functions; to analyze the mutual influence of four NRS subsystems. The first subsystem includes areas of inaccessibility, on the territory of which different types of travel are carried out. The second subsystem consists of tourists traveling in areals of inaccessibility, where they are engaged in nature-oriented, active, sports, ecological and extreme tourism, as well as recreation. The third subsystem consists of bodies that control tourist processes in areas of inaccessibility. This includes the Ministry of Emergencies, which regulates the activities of search and rescue services responsible for search and rescue on the territory of Russia. Route qualification commissions are the controlling body of sports tourism. Insurance companies can interact with tourists involved in all types of nature tourism. The fourth subsystem is optional; it consists of service personnel and, in some cases, tourist infrastructure. At the same time, there are direct and feedback links between the subsystem of tourists and the subsystems of regulatory bodies and service personnel. There are only direct links between the tourist subsystem and areals of inaccessibility.
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