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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural and technological hazards

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Academic literature on the topic 'Natural and technological hazards'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural and technological hazards"

1

Kasperson, Roger E., and K. David Pijawka. "Societal Response to Hazards and Major Hazard Events: Comparing Natural and Technological Hazards." Public Administration Review 45 (January 1985): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3134993.

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Liu, Baoyin, Xueyuan Han, Lianjie Qin, Wei Xu, and Jie Fan. "Multi-hazard risk mapping for coupling of natural and technological hazards." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2544–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2021.1969451.

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Bang, Henry Ngenyam. "A Concise Appraisal of Cameroon’s Hazard Risk Profile: Multi-Hazard Inventories, Causes, Consequences and Implications for Disaster Management." GeoHazards 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 55–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards3010004.

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The paucity of a comprehensive document on Cameroon’s hazard/disaster risk profile is a limitation to the country wide risk assessment and adequate disaster resilience. This article narrows this gap by retrospectively exploring Cameroon’s hazard/disaster profile. This has been achieved through an investigative approach that applies a set of qualitative methods to derive and articulate an inventory and analysis of hazards/disasters in Cameroon. The findings indicate that Cameroon has a wide array and high incidence/frequency of hazards that have had devastating consequences. The hazards have been structured along four profiles: a classification of all hazard types plaguing Cameroon into natural, potentially socio-natural, technological, and social and anthropogenic hazards; occurrence/origin of the hazards; their impacts/effects to the ‘at risk’ communities/populace and potential disaster management or mitigation measures. In-depth analysis indicate that natural hazards have the lowest frequency but the potential to cause the highest fatalities in a single incident; potentially socio-natural hazards affect the largest number of people and the widest geographical areas, technological hazards have the highest frequency of occurrence; while social/anthropogenic hazards are the newest in the country but have caused the highest population displacement. Arguably, the multi-hazard/disaster inventory presented in this article serves as a vital preliminary step to a more comprehensive profile of Cameroon’s disaster risk profile.

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Petrova, E. "Natural hazards and technological risk in Russia: the relation assessment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 4 (July 13, 2005): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-459-2005.

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Abstract. Almost every natural disaster is accompanied by some sort of technological one. A number of studies also show a correlation between technological disasters and various global processes such as solar disturbances, geophysical field variation etc. In this study we attempted to ascertain and codify the relationship between different types of technological disasters and natural hazards. Two types of natural hazards were found, based on their genesis, distribution in time, and impact pattern on the technosphere. Solar and geomagnetic disturbances generally affect technological risk through the failure of automatic machinery and the reduction of operator reliability. They increase the probability of transport accidents, fires, and catastrophic toxic emissions. These types of technological disasters are widely prevalent throughout Russia and in all federal regions. Geological, climatic, hydrological, and other natural hazardous processes increase technological risk through direct mechanical impacts. Their occurrence in space and time depends on the character of the natural process and the specific regional environment. The total number and proportion of technological disasters in federal regions results mainly from the concentration of industrial units and their type, as well as the local natural and social environment. Temporal changes in the number of technological disasters of different groups depend on the prevailing type of natural processes.

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Zain, Mohd Zainoor Annuar Bin Mohd. "Promoting Natural Hazards Triggering Technological Disasters (NATECH) in Malaysia." Journal of Humanities and Education Development 4, no. 4 (2022): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.4.4.9.

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Malaysia is a fast-growing country in Southeast Asia that is experiencing rapid technological development. This increases the risk of technological disasters and occupational hazards that can be triggered by natural hazards. This paper stresses the linkage of natural hazards with technological disasters, or NATECH, that remains a rather new term within the Malaysian context. Given the lack of current information on NATECH risk nationwide, this article intends to provide Malaysia-specific cases. This paper report on some significant local NATECH cases that have not been given any public access and not published in scholarly journal. I also highlight that communication and valuable information-sharing are crucial to an effective and efficient disaster management framework. There is still gaps and missing barriers in the nation’s readiness and resilience towards NATECH disasters. In Malaysia, the information regarding NATECH risks has hardly been shared outside of the industrial fence, resulting in low level of awareness on the lessons and knowledge for better future proofing.

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Petrova, E. G., and E. Krausmann. "Postface "From natural hazards to technological disasters"." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 21, 2011): 3063–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-3063-2011.

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Park, Hye Jeong, and Ki Hun Nam. "Cascading Effects of Natural Hazards: Lessons from Recent Natech Accidents and Practices." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 12, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/jscm.2022.9.35.

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Recent trends of disaster present that disasters are more uncertain and complex with unpredictable cascading effects owing to global environmental and climate change. As one of the significant phenomena, natural hazards triggering technological accidents, so-called Natech, which cause acute and prolonged terrifying consequences, have also been increased. Considering low probability but high consequences, Natech accidents often exceed the capacity of disaster preparedness and response of local government and professional responders. As a result, the need to better manage Natech risks has become a challenge in disaster risk management among all stakeholders, including government, disaster and safety experts, industry, and citizens. Although there have been numerous efforts undertaken by international organizations and individual countries to reduce Natech risks, there are still not sufficient reflections to reduce the risks of natural hazard triggering technological disasters in South Korea. Thus, this study highlights lessons from Natech risk reduction practices undertaken by individual countries and recent minor Natech cases to fullfill gaps in effective risk management considering for cascading effects.

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Petrova, E. G. "Natural factors of technological accidents: the case of Russia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2011): 2227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2227-2011.

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Abstract. The data base of technological accidents and disasters that have occurred in Russia has been created. More than 13 000 information units have been collected and analyzed. The proportion of accidents triggered by natural events (natural-technological accidents or NTA) in the total number of technological accidents as well as a part of every NTA type in the total number of NTA was estimated. About 10 percent of all accidents registered in the data base were caused by natural events; among some types of accidents this proportion is even higher. Transmission facilities with more than 90 percent of overhead lines are the most vulnerable to the impact of natural hazards. The contribution of different natural hazards was evaluated. Regions with the greatest NTA risk were revealed. The influence of natural events on the technosphere is stronger in the South of the European Russia and in the Russian Far East, which are more exposed to hurricanes, snowstorms, rainfalls, icing and other natural hazards producing NTA. The critical infrastructure needs special protection and modernization in these regions. The problem of the relationship between natural hazards and the technosphere is very complicated and needs further investigation, especially taking the expected climate changes into consideration.

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Ozunu, A., F. Senzaconi, C. Botezan, L. Ştefǎnescu, E. Nour, and C. Balcu. "Investigations on natural hazards which trigger technological disasters in Romania." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2011): 1319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1319-2011.

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Abstract. Romania faces the challenges of a developing country preparing to cope with disasters, be they natural or technological. The paper entails comprehensive research on technological accidents triggered by natural hazards (so-called Natech accidents). The research is based on a survey conducted by the competent authorities on the Seveso II Directive in 2009. This survey enabled the identification of Natech hazards and their correlation with the vulnerability of local communities and infrastructures. The Natech hazards were analyzed also in terms of their inclusion in the emergency planning process, starting from the current legislation. The results indicate that the number of incidents (including Natech events) has significantly decreased subsequent to the appropriate implementation of emergency plans and safety reports.

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Pijawka, K. David, Beverly A. Cuthbertson, and Richard S. Olson. "Coping with Extreme Hazard Events: Emerging themes in Natural and Technological Disaster Research." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 18, no. 4 (June 1988): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pn24-al37-f96j-rcnp.

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The field of thanatology has given extensive attention to death as an outcome of illness. A more comprehensive picture, however, would also encompass the hazards of natural and technological disasters. Deaths from both natural and technological disasters continue to increase in the United States, despite intensified government efforts to reverse this trend, and despite improved understanding of the cognitive processes of people who face either long-term or impending catastrophes. Key findings are reviewed in the areas of vulnerability to natural hazards, disaster behavior and risk perception, societal concern over technological hazard, and the social-psychological effects of disasters. It is noted that findings based upon natural disasters cannot necessarily be extrapolated to technological disasters, such as the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. Furthermore, data on long-term emotional recovery from natural disasters are inconsistent. Among areas requiring more extensive research is the role of the media, and the measurement of secondary consequences to disaster exposure. Improved methodologies for measuring distress over long periods of time must be developed. The disaster may never end for technological disaster victims because of the long latency period between exposure and disease manifestation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural and technological hazards"

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Мартиненко, Володимир Олександрович, Владимир Александрович Мартыненко, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Martynenko, and К. В. Черніговець. "Управління ризиками надзвичайних ситуацій природного та техногенного характеру." Thesis, Сумський національний аграрний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60169.

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LARI, SERENA. "Multi scale heuristic and quantitative multi-risk assessment in the Lombardy region, with uncertainty propagation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7550.

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In this thesis, some methodologies for multi-risk assessment are presented, that can be applied to regional or local scale. At the local scale, the problem of uncertainty propagation in risk assessment is treated, testing different methodology for calculation. The work is organised in four parts: 1. Multi risk analysis at the regional scale in Lombardy (PRIM project, 2007). The methodology integrates information with different degree of accuracy into an indicator based approach, in order to develop a regional scale multirisk assessment and to identify “hot spot” risk areas for more detailed analysis. Eventually, the sensitivity of weights is investigated, and the effect on risk assessment of different individual attitudes and perception (i.e., expert, social, political, risk aversion). 2. Quantitative multi risk assessment (QRA) at the local scale on the hot spots, for lower Valtellina and the area of Brescia and lower Val Trompia, Val Sabbia, and Valcamonica. The methodology is based on the use of historical data and modelling to assess for each threat the expected number of casualties and the expected economic damage. 3. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for floods, earthquakes and industrial accidents in the area of Brescia (420 km2), with uncertainty propagation analysis. Frequency-damage curves were calculated. Three methods were 6 used and compared to calculate the uncertainty of the expected economic losses: Monte Carlo Simulation, First Order Second Moment approach, and Point Estimate. 4. Realization of a tool based on a system of indicators aimed at assigning a priority for the realization of new mitigation works, at the evaluation of efficacy of existent works, and at the comparison of different alternatives for the same risk scenario. Indicators are referred to the risk scenario, to the most recent and most significant event occurred in the analysed area, to the planning stage of the work, and to the technical characteristics of realization and maintenance of the work itself.

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Lagos, González Tomás Ignacio. "Designing resilient power networks against natural hazards." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148468.

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Magíster en Gestión de Operaciones. Ingeniero Civil Industrial
Resiliencia en sistemas de potencia se está estudiando recientemente en la literatura, su principal preocupación es proporcionar la viabilidad de la red en caso de eventos de alto impacto y baja probabilidad (HILP). Las principales contribuciones de este trabajo son: (1) Proporcionar un marco novedoso que apoye la toma de decisiones estratégicas para maximizar la resiliencia del sistema eléctrico contra la amenaza de desastres naturales (el primero de acuerdo a la investigación realizada), en particular terremotos. (2) Proporcionar una alternativa a la planificación impulsada por incentivos económicos, que puede ser costrastada para decisiones de agregar nueva capacidad de generación y nuevas líneas. (3) Presentar un enfoque de optimización discreta vía simulación (DOvS) que aborda problemas que tienen incertidumbre en dos etapas. Los resultados computacionales preliminares muestran que se obtienen soluciones más robustas para este problema en particular. Se utiliza el algoritmo Industrial Strength COMPASS para abordar este problema de decisión discreto, donde la medida de resiliencia corresponde a la energía no suministrada esperada (EENS). La evaluación de la EENS se lleva a cabo a través de un simulador que cuantifica los impactos de los desastres naturales en la demanda y que contiene datos históricos sobre terremotos, curvas de fragilidad de los componentes de la red y un modelo operacional de la red eléctrica. A través de un caso de estudio, se demuestra la aplicabilidad de este método, sus principales características y, en última instancia, cómo un planificador de la red puede diseñar sistemas de potencia más resistentes frente a terremotos.
Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por UK Research Council y CONICYT por medio del Fondo Newton-Picarte

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Bergmeister, Konrad, Manfred Curbach, Evelin Kamper, Dirk Proske, Dieter Rickenmann, and Sigrid Wieshofer. "3rd Probabilistic Workshop Technical Systems, Natural Hazards." Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 2009. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A287.

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Modern engineering structures should ensure an economic design, construction and operation of structures in compliance with the required safety for persons and the environment. In order to achieve this aim, all contingencies and associated consequences that may possibly occur throughout the life cycle of the considered structure have to be taken into account. Today, the development is often based on decision theory, methods of structural reliability and the modeling of consequences. Failure consequences are one of the significant issues that determine optimal structural reliability. In particular, consequences associated with the failure of structures are of interest, as they may lead to significant indirect consequences, also called follow-up consequences. However, apart from determining safety levels based on failure consequences, it is also crucially important to have effective models for stress forces and maintenance planning ... (aus dem Vorwort)

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Threatt, Patrick Lee. "NATURAL HAZARDS IN MISSISSIPPI: REGIONAL PERCEPTIONS AND REALITY." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11092007-145929/.

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This study comprised of a survey of 807 students in geosciences classes at Mississippi State University to determine the perceived level of threat from eight natural hazards: hurricanes, hail, lightning, tornadoes, earthquakes, ice storms, floods, and wildfires. Responses were analyzed to detect spatial differences in perceptions of threats across the state of Mississippi for comparison. Actual occurrences of the natural hazards and preparations for dealing with these hazards were recorded by county and MEMA districts. Threat perceptions for hurricanes, ice storms, floods, and lightning showed spatial differences, whereas threats from hail, tornadoes, earthquakes, and wildfire showed no spatial differences. All perceived threats except ice storms paralleled the actual recorded occurrences of the respective hazards spatially. Preparations for each hazard included the adoption of MEMAs Basic Plan for the entire state.

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Threatt, Patrick Lee. "Natural hazards in Mississippi regional perceptions and reality /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11092007-145929.

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Duff, David Edwin. "A Comparative Study of Nuclear Power Risk Perceptions with Selected Technological Hazards." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27403.

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How people perceive risk or threats is important to many disciplines that seek to assist policy makers in developing policies, regulations and laws. Using the previous work of Slovic et al. (Fischhoff, Slovic, Lichtenstein, Read and Combs, 2000; Slovic P., 1992; Slovic, Fischhoff, and Lichtenstein, 2000) in development of the psychometric paradigm, a sample of residents (n=600) from a region with a large number of nuclear reactors was surveyed. The question set was expanded to include demographic questions to determine if they impact risk perception. Two aspects of risk perception were examined, perception of overall risk and perception of riskiness along specific dimensions of concern identified previously in the literature. For both risk and riskiness, respondents? perceptions of nuclear power were compared to three other perceptions of technologies including use of modern farming methods using chemicals, railroad transportation and coal-generated electricity. The recent increase in public concern about nuclear power following the meltdowns at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant led to the expectation that nuclear power would be rated higher in overall risk and riskiness than the other three technologies consistent with Slovic?s earlier work on risk perception. This expectation was generally supported although respondents tended to perceive modern farming methods using chemical as similar in overall risk and riskiness to nuclear power. The research specifically tested five hypotheses concerning the impact of five demographic factors: gender, race, income, education and political orientation on the overall perception of risk and riskiness. Subsequent analysis using analysis of variance and linear regression found that select demographics only explained 2% of the risk perception for nuclear power generation.

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García, Castillo Jorge M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Effects and mitigation of natural hazards in retail networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117797.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-89).
The number of natural hazards has been increasing over the last 10 years. Understanding the impact of natural hazards on retail networks is crucial to make effective planning against disruptions. We used daily sales and inventory data from a country-wide retail network and natural emergencies historic data to quantify the consequences triggered by these events in product and financial flows. We analyze sales and inventory flow through points of sale and distribution centers. We propose the Resilience Investment Model (RIM) to invest in resilience against the effects of natural hazards. This model takes into account the operational details of the organization. RIM is a two-stage multi-period inventory flow stochastic program. The resilience investments consist in acquiring additional inventory to buffer against disruptions and the use of real options contracts with suppliers to execute when a declared emergency happens. We use a set of risk profiles over the future costs to align the investment with the financials and preferences of the organization. This research shows how the risk profiles of the decision maker shape the location and distribution of backup stock in a retail network. We show that risk averse profiles reduce worst-case cost by 15% while increasing average cost by 2%. We recommend the use of risk profiles with cost targets to quantify the Value at Risk of the network due to natural hazards.
by Jorge García Castillo.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management

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Hunter, Alasdair. "Quantifying and understanding the aggregate risk of natural hazards." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15719.

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Statistical models are necessary to quantify and understand the risk from natural hazards. A statistical framework is developed here to investigate the e ect of dependence between the frequency and intensity of natural hazards on the aggregate risk. The aggregate risk of a natural hazard is de ned as the sum of the intensities for all events within a season. This framework is applied to a database of extra tropical cyclone tracks from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis for the October to March extended winters between 1950 and 2003. Large positive correlation is found between cyclone counts and the local mean vorticity over the exit regions of the North Atlantic and North Paci c storm tracks. The aggregate risk is shown to be sensitive to this dependence, especially over Scandinavia. Falsely assuming independence between the frequency and intensity results in large biases in the variance of the aggregate risk. Possible causes for the dependence are investigated by regressing winter cyclone counts and local mean vorticity on teleconnection indices with Poisson and linear models. The indices for the Scandinavian pattern, North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic Pattern are able to account for most of the observed positive correlation over the North Atlantic. The sensitivity of extremes of the aggregate risk distribution to the inclusion of clustering, with and without frequency intensity dependence, is investigated using Cantelli bounds and a copula simulation approach. The inclusion of dependence is shown to be necessary to model the clustering of extreme events. The implication of these ndings for the insurance sector is investigated using the loss component of a catastrophe model. A mixture model approach provides a simple and e ective way to incorporate frequency-intensity dependence into the loss model. Including levels of correlation and overdispersion comparable to that observed in the reanalysis data results in an average increase of over 30% in the 200 year return level for the aggregate loss.

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Xia, Xilin. "High-performance simulation technologies for water-related natural hazards." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3798.

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Water-related natural hazards, such as flash floods, landslides and debris flows, usually happen in chains. In order to better understand the underlying physical processes and more reliably quantify the associated risk, it is essential to develop a physically-based multi-hazard modelling system to simulate these hazards at a catchment scale. An effective multi-hazard modelling system may be developed by solving a set of depth-averaged dynamic equations incorporating adaptive basal resistance terms. High-performance computing achieved through implementation on modern graphic processing units (GPUs) can be used to accelerate the model to support efficient large-scale simulations. This thesis presents the key simulation technologies for developing such a novel high-performance water-related natural hazards modelling system. A new well-balanced smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) model is first presented for solving the shallow water equations (SWEs) in the context of flood inundation modelling. The performance of the SPH model is compared with an alternative flood inundation model based on a finite volume (FV) method in order to select a better numerical method for the current study. The FV model performs favourably for practical applications and therefore is adopted to develop the proposed multi-hazard model. In order to more accurately describe the rainfallrunoff and overland flow process that often initiates a hazard chain, a first-order FV Godunovtype model is developed to solve the SWEs, implemented with novel source term discretisation schemes. The new model overcomes the limitations of the current prevailing numerical schemes such as inaccurate calculations of bed slope or friction source terms and provides much improved numerical accuracy, efficiency and stability for simulating overland flows and surface flooding. To support large-scale simulation of flow-like landslides or debris flows, a new formulation of depth-averaged governing equations is derived on the Cartesian coordinate system. The new governing equations take into account the effects of non-hydrostatic pressure and centrifugal force, which may become significant over terrains with steep and curved topography. These equations are compatible with various basal resistance terms, effectively leading to a unified mathematical framework for describing different type of water-related natural hazards including surface flooding, flow-like landslides and debris flows. The new depthaveraged governing equations are then solved using an FV Godunov-type framework based on the second-order accurate scheme. A flexible and GPU-based software framework is further designed to provide much improved computational efficiency for large-scale simulations and ease the future implementation of new functionalities. This provides an effective codebase for the proposed multi-hazard modelling system and its potential is confirmed by successfully applying to simulate flow-like landslides and dam break floods.

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Books on the topic "Natural and technological hazards"

1

Gatrell, Anthony C. Managing natural and technological hazards: The role of GIS. London: Regional Research Laboratory Initiative, 1990.

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Philipp, Schmidt-Thomé, ed. Natural and technological hazards and risks affecting the spatial development of European regions. Espoo: Geological Survey of Finland, 2006.

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P, Singh R., Tare Vinod, and Indian Society of Remote Sensing., eds. Spatial technologies for natural hazards management: Proceedings of ISRS National Symposium, November 21-22, 2000, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. [Dehradun]: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2001.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, ed. A citizen's guide to monitored natural attenuation. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 2001.

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Showalter, Pamela Sands. Natural disasters as the cause of technological emergencies: A review of the decade, 1980-1989. [Boulder]: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, 1992.

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Showalter, Pamela Sands. Natural disasters as the cause of technological emergencies: A review of the decade 1980-1989. Boulder, Colo: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, 1992.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment. Hazardous waste treatment technology: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 2, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment. Hazardous waste treatment technology: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 2, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment. Hazardous waste treatment technology: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 2, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Keller, Edward A., Duane E. DeVecchio, and Robert H. Blodgett. Natural Hazards. Fifth edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019. | “Fourth edition published by Pearson Education, Inc. 2015”—T.p. verso. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164298.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural and technological hazards"

1

Krejsa, Peter. "Technological Hazards." In Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, 657–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55903-7_90.

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Lindell, Michael K., Pamela Murray-Tuite, Brian Wolshon, and Earl J. Baker. "Natural and Technological Hazards Requiring Evacuation Management." In Large-Scale Evacuation, 15–45. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315119045-2.

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Kasperson, Roger E., and K. David Pijawka. "Societal Response to Hazards and Major Hazard Events: Comparing Natural and Technological Hazards." In The Social Contours of Risk, 29–49. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781849772556-4.

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Orozova-Stanishkova, Ivanka, and Dario Slejko. "Seismic Hazard of Bulgaria." In Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 247–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0976-5_15.

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Amendola, Aniello, Tatiana Ermolieva, Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer, and Reinhard Mechler. "Catastrophe Models for Informing Risk Management Policy: An Introduction." In Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 3–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_1.

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Linnerooth-Bayer, Joanne, Love Ekenberg, and Anna Vári. "Catastrophe Models and Policy Processes: Managing Flood Risk in the Hungarian Tisza River Basin – An Introduction." In Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 171–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_10.

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Vári, Anna, Zoltan Ferencz, and Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler. "Social Indicators of Vulnerability to Floods: An Empirical Case Study in Two Upper Tisza Flood Basins." In Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 181–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_11.

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Linnerooth-Bayer, Joanne, Anna Vári, and Lisa Brouwers. "Designing a Flood Management and Insurance System in Hungary: A Model-Based Stakeholder Approach." In Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 199–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_12.

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Brouwers, Lisa, and Mona Riabacke. "Consensus by Simulation: a Flood Model for Participatory Policy Making." In Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 217–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_13.

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Danielson, Mats, and Love Ekenberg. "A Risk-Based Decision Analytic Approach to Assessing Multi-stakeholder Policy Problems." In Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 231–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural and technological hazards"

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Mebarki, Ahmed, Julien Baroth, and Frederic Mercier. "Technological (domino effect) and natural hazards: A probabilistic framework for structural vulnerability." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Reliability, Safety and Hazard - Risk-Based Technologies and Physics-of-Failure Methods (ICRESH). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icresh.2010.5779629.

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García, Hugo, Julián Corrales, Juan Diego Colonia, and Guillermo Jaramillo. "Technological Platform for the Monitoring of Natural Hazards in the OCENSA Pipeline System." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1912.

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The OCENSA pipeline system crosses two mountain ranges with diverse geological origins, as well as 288 river crossings and areas with diverse climates and seismic activity. To monitor these natural hazards, the OCENSA pipeline has implemented its own rain gauge network, which together with the satellite information service, electrical radar and seismic information, are integrated into a web platform that receives information in real time. This paper presents the equations that define the thresholds for rains that trigger landslides and the relationship between earthquakes and consequent probability of material affectation.

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Smetanin, I. A. "RESEARCH OF HAZARDOUS NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN URBAN NATURAL COMPLEXES." In Всероссийская научная конференция, посвященная памяти доктора технических наук, профессора Александра Дмитриевича Потапова. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" (НИУ МГСУ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/978-5-7264-2875-8.2021.146-151.

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The natural complex of Moscow, which includes the totality of all spatially isolated woodlands, protected areas, forests, water protection zones, historical and cultural monuments, and green spaces, makes up about 35 percent of the city's territory (without the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky administrative districts-TaNAD). The technogenic load of the surrounding megalopolis can provoke or strengthen the development of various types of dangerous exodynamic processes on the territory of natural complexes (landslides, gully erosion, the formation of sinkholes, etc.). This creates both an immediate threat to the lives of the population, and causes the risk of destruction of buildings and structures located near them. To prevent such events, it is necessary to develop a forecast of dangerous exodynamic processes and measures to eliminate their causes in a timely manner. This problem can be solved only on the basis of a series of consistently conducted studies.

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Chaves Agudelo, Julian, Jaime Aristizabal Ceballos, Carlos Motta Tierradentro, and Juan Alvarado Franco. "A New Approach for the Geotechnical Zoning of the Rights of Way." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5343.

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Abstract Usually, the definition of geotechnically homogeneous zones is established through the analysis of information on a regional (and even national) scale of those characteristics that define the topographic, geological, climatic, and land use conditions by categorizing them and applying algorithms of interaction between these variables. However, in technical literature and in technical reports of state entities that manage natural hazards, new advances are being made in the determination of other aspects or variables that detail the condition of geotechnical susceptibility; at the same time, nowadays there are technological tools for the massive analysis of information and its spatialization. This article presents a new approach to the definition of geotechnically homogeneous zones using these technological tools. A comparison is made against the conventional definition.

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Salimbeni, Michela, Maurizio De Angelis, Valerio Vezzari, and Mariano Ciucci. "Earthquake NaTech Risk Assessment, Monitoring and Management of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks With Floating Roof in Major-Hazard Industrial Plants." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84734.

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Abstract Earthquake is one of the natural events which is part of NaTech events (Natural Hazard Triggering Technological Disasters), due to interaction between natural and industrial risks. Industrial plants employ cylindrical liquid tanks with floating roof for storage of volatile and flammable products. Damages due to earthquakes affecting tanks with floating roof can cause major accidents involving dangerous substances, like hazardous releases, fires and explosions, especially due to the convective motion of the fluid caused by seismic excitation. The aim of this work is to inform about the most common damages in case of seismic event and to give some advice to seismic risk management through monitoring of critical elements of liquid storage tanks with floating roof. During an earthquake, damages to structural and non-structural elements can occur, and the non-structural elements are often the most involved in major accidents. In order to mitigate the consequences of a major accident, a monitoring system of the tank for management of the seismic risk can be installed, integrating new dedicated sensors into the existing monitoring network. The fiber optic sensors FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) and FSI (Fiber Segment Interferometry) are a robust, multifunctional and removable alternative to the sensors already in use in the industrial field.

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Coatsworth, A. "Natural Hazards – Man-Made Disasters." In 67th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.1.f021.

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Amórtegui, José Vicente. "Pipeline Vulnerability to Natural Hazards." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8504.

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The strength and stiffness of the pipelines allow them to tolerate the effects of natural hazards for some period of time. The amount of time depends on the strength and deformability, the stress state, the age, the conditions of installation and operation of the pipeline and their geometric arrangement with regard to the hazardous process. Accordingly, some of the hazards due to weather conditions and external forces would not be time independent. In consequence the designing of monitoring systems to predict the behavior of the pipelines against natural hazards is required in order to carry out the preventive actions which are necessary to avoid failure of the pipes due to the exposition to those hazards. In this paper a method for assessing the transport system vulnerability is developed, a function for risk analysis is proposed (which is determined by the probability of the natural hazard, the pipeline’s vulnerability to the hazard and the consequences of the pipe rupture). The elements that are part of that evaluation are presented and illustrated by means of examples.

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Kokavessis, Nikos K., and George S. Anagnostidis. "A Design Overview for the Engineering of an Onshore Extension of the Natural Gas Transmission System (NGTS) in the Northern Greece." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93267.

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This paper describes the framework developed for the geological investigation and crossings design of an onshore pipeline project being implemented in Northern Greece. Scientific and technological concepts for geological investigation are based on the results provided by local engineering companies and research institutes specialized in applied geotechnical and geophysical research. The basics of the crossings design are developed such as, the evaluation of the suitable pipe wall thickness and the design of the technically essential pipeline encroachments with railways, roads, channels, rivers, underground utilities, active faults and soils prone to liquefaction. Special reference has made to the seismic hazard assessment required for evaluation of the seismic characteristics at crossing areas, as well as the finite element study performed to define pipeline stresses and strains developing in active fault areas. Finally the severe seismic conditions of Greece entailing particular design requirements and protection measures for the buried pipeline are demonstrated.

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Gil, José Vicente Amórtegui. "Natural Hazards in Hydrocarbon Transportation Lines." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47631(410)36.

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Popescu, A. A., C. Vaduva, D. Faur, D. Raducanu, I. Gavat, and M. Datcu. "User image mining for natural hazards." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aqtr.2010.5520670.

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Reports on the topic "Natural and technological hazards"

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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Information physics and quantum space technologies for natural hazard sensing, modelling and prediction. Meteoceanics, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/210930.

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Disruptive socio-natural transformations and climatic change, where system invariants and symmetries break down, defy the traditional complexity paradigms such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. In order to overcome this, we introduced non-ergodic Information Physics, bringing physical meaning to inferential metrics, and a coevolving flexibility to the metrics of information transfer, resulting in new methods for causal discovery and attribution. With this in hand, we develop novel dynamic models and analysis algorithms natively built for quantum information technological platforms, expediting complex system computations and rigour. Moreover, we introduce novel quantum sensing technologies in our Meteoceanics satellite constellation, providing unprecedented spatiotemporal coverage, resolution and lead, whilst using exclusively sustainable materials and processes across the value chain. Our technologies bring out novel information physical fingerprints of extreme events, with recently proven records in capturing early warning signs for extreme hydro-meteorologic events and seismic events, and do so with unprecedented quantum-grade resolution, robustness, security, speed and fidelity in sensing, processing and communication. Our advances, from Earth to Space, further provide crucial predictive edge and added value to early warning systems of natural hazards and long-term predictions supporting climatic security and action.

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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.

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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.

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Gosselin, P., C. Campagna, D. Demers-Bouffard, S. Qutob, and M. Flannigan. Natural hazards. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329529.

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Clague, J. J. Chapter 21: Natural Hazards. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/134137.

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Wagenblast, G. R. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. WESF natural phenomena hazards survey. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663127.

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Tallman, A. M. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/670053.

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Conrads, T. J. Natural phenomena hazards, Hanford Site, Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148938.

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Tallman, A. M. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658878.

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Tallman, A. M. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658949.

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Tallman, A. M. Canister storage building natural phenomena hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654359.

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