Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural and artificial ageing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Natural and artificial ageing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural and artificial ageing"

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Røyset, Jostein, Tore Stene, Jan Anders Sæter, and Oddvin Reiso. "The Effect of Intermediate Storage Temperature and Time on the Age Hardening Response of Al-Mg-Si Alloys." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.239.

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Specimens of three Al-Mg-Si alloys, 6060, 6005 and 6082, were solution heat treated, stored at different temperatures for different time, and artificially aged. Properties were measured before and after artificial ageing. The natural ageing response of the alloys is dependent on the storage temperature. Decreasing storage temperature leads to a delayed onset of natural ageing, but also to a higher strength after prolonged ageing, particularly for lean alloys such as 6060. The temperature and time of intermediate storage between solution heat treatment and artificial ageing has a significant effect on the strength of the artificially aged material. For the 6005 and 6082 alloys the processes that take place during natural ageing lead to a reduced strength after artificial ageing.
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Zhang, Xingpu, Meng Liu, Jiangwei Wang, Jixue Li, and John Banhart. "Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys." Journal of Materials Science 57, no. 3 (January 2022): 2149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06654-y.

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AbstractBoth Sn addition and pre-ageing are known to be effective in maintaining the artificial ageing potential after natural ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys. In this study, the combined effects of Sn addition and pre-ageing at 100 °C or 180 °C on natural secondary ageing and subsequent artificial ageing of an alloy AA6014 were investigated using hardness, electrical resistivity, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy characterizations. It is found that pre-ageing can suppress natural secondary ageing and improve the artificial ageing hardening kinetics and response after 1 week of natural secondary ageing in both alloys with and without Sn addition. The effect of pre-ageing at 100 °C is more pronounced in the Sn-free alloy while the combination of pre-ageing at 180 °C and adding Sn shows superiority in suppressing natural secondary ageing and thus avoiding the undesired hardening before artificial ageing. Moreover, when natural ageing steps up to 8 h are applied before pre-ageing at 100 °C, the effect of pre-ageing in Sn-added alloy can be further improved. The influence of Sn on vacancies at different ageing temperatures is discussed to explain the observed phenomena. Graphical abstract
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Aze, Sébastien Vallet, Alain Baronnet, and Olivier Grauby. "Red lead darkening in wall paintings: natural ageing of experimental wall paintings versus artificial ageing tests." European Journal of Mineralogy 19, no. 6 (December 17, 2007): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-1771.

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Laurenzi Tabasso, Marisa, and Anna María Mecchi. "Envejecimiento natural y artificial para evaluar los tratamientos para impermeabilización del mármol." Materiales de Construcción 42, no. 226 (June 30, 1992): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.1992.v42.i226.700.

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Tai, Cheng-Ling, Po-Jui Tai, Ting-Jung Hsiao, Po-Han Chiu, Chien-Yu Tseng, Tzu-Ching Tsao, Tsai-Fu Chung, et al. "Effect of Natural Ageing on Subsequent Artificial Ageing of AA7075 Aluminum Alloy." Metals 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101766.

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The effects of natural ageing treatment prior to artificial ageing treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of AA7075 Al-5.7Zn-2.6Mg-1.5Cu-0.18Cr-0.08Mn-0.05Si-0.17Fe (wt.%) aluminum alloy have been investigated. The hardness of solution-treated samples (91.0 HV) profoundly increased to 146.8 HV after 7 days of natural ageing. The purpose of the present work was to examine the kinetic hardening evolution in subsequent artificial ageing treatments of samples naturally aged for 7 days and their counterparts without natural ageing. The former were labelled as NA-7d samples, and the latter, NA-0d samples. After artificial ageing at 120 °C for 2 h, the hardness of NA-0d samples increased rapidly to 148.2 HV, which was approximately the same as that of the specimens with natural ageing for 7 days, compensating for the prior state of lower hardness without natural ageing. After being treated at 120 °C for 16 h, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of NA-7d reached the highest value, respectively, 601 MPa and 539 MPa, followed by a slight decrement of UTS when aged to 24 h. On the other hand, NA-0d specimens aged at 120 °C for 16 and 24 h showed nearly the same UTS (598 MPa); the former possessed YS of 538 MPa, and the latter, 545 MPa. The results presumably reveal that the peak ageing condition for NA-0d samples can be achieved under 24 h ageing at 120 °C. Under the same treatment at 120 °C for 24 h, the size of η’ phase in NA-7d sample (with a length of 4.96 nm) coarsened and grew larger than that in NA-0d sample (with a length of 3.46 nm). In addition, some η’ phase in the NA-7d sample was found to be transformed into the η2 phase. The results indicated that the naturally aged specimens (NA-7d) reached the peak ageing condition earlier, but did not significantly enhance the UTS in AA7075 aluminum alloy, as compared to the samples without prior natural ageing (NA-0d).
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Cao, Ling Fei, Paul A. Rometsch, Hao Zhong, and Barry C. Muddle. "Effect of Pre-Ageing on the Artificial Ageing Response of Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) Alloys." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.918.

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The effect of different pre-ageing treatments on the subsequent artificial ageing response of Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) alloys have been investigated using hardness, tensile and electrical conductivity testing. The microstructural evolution was characterised by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and 3-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis. Pre-ageing treatments were carried out at 160-250°C for short times. Results show that the early stage artificial ageing response after 30 minutes at 170°C is strongly influenced by the pre-ageing and natural ageing conditions. A pre-ageing treatment performed for a short time at a high temperature and within a short delay after solution treatment and quenching was found to give a promising hardening response during subsequent artificial ageing. The mechanisms by which pre-ageing can reduce the detrimental effect of natural ageing on the artificial ageing response will be discussed in relation to the formation and distribution of clusters, GP zones and/or precipitates.
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Volk, Gregor, Alan G. Leacock, and Desmond Brown. "Profile Correction of a Stretch Formed Aluminium Alloy during Artificial Ageing." Key Engineering Materials 549 (April 2013): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.549.213.

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A method of springback reduction is presented which involves a combination of solution heat treatment, natural ageing, stretch forming and artificial ageing. A commercial aluminium alloy, 2219-O Hi-Form, is solution heat treated and subjected to two pre-form natural ageing periods of one and seven hours before the stretch forming process. Following the forming process an artificial ageing process combined with creep age forming techniques is used. Springback is assessed following the stretch forming and artificial ageing processes. This process is shown to provide a controlled means of correcting the springback following stretch forming.
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Hou, Yan Hui, Zhi Yi Liu, and Yan Bin Liu. "Modeling and Analysis of Effect of Thermal Exposure on Fatigue Crack Growth of Al-Cu-Mg Alloys with Low Cu/Mg Ratio." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.111.

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Effect of thermal exposure on FCG of Al-Cu-Mg alloys with low Cu/Mg ratio in artificial and natural ageing conditions were modeled and analyzed. Three FCG rate models, namely Collipriest, Priddle, and Modified Forman model were examined to research the effect of thermal exposure on FCG of Al-Cu-Mg alloys with low Cu/Mg ratio in artificial and natural ageing conditions. The results showed that Priddle model provided the best fit. Priddle model was used to fit FCG data of (a) 170°C/30min ageing; (b)170°C/30min ageing +100°C/2000h exposure; (c)T351 ageing+100°C/2000h exposure; (d)T351 ageing. The fitted results indicated that the FCP resistance can be increased by slight artificial aging, and artificial aging can delay the degradation of the fatigue properties
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Möller, Heinrich, Pfarelo Daswa, and Gonasagren Govender. "The Heat Treatment of Rheo-High Pressure Die Cast 6xxx Series Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.137.

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Limited information is available regarding the heat treatment response of age-hardenable wrought Al-alloys produced by semi-solid metal forming. In this study, the effects of chemical composition, natural pre-ageing and artificial ageing on the T6 properties of rheo-high pressure die cast 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloys are investigated. A Cu-free alloy 6082 is compared with Cu-containing alloys 6013 and 6111. The effects of Mg:Si ratio of the alloys are also quantified by means of a comparison between alloys 6111 and 6013. Artificial ageing curves following either no or 5 days of natural pre-ageing are also presented.
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Hussain, Maruff, P. Nageswara Rao, Dharmendra Singh, and R. Jayaganthan. "Effect of Pre-Ageing on the Age Hardening Response of Cryorolled Al-Mg-Si Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 877 (February 2018): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.137.

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The present work investigates about the effect of pre-ageing on hardening behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloys processed by cryorolling and its age hardening behavior. Ageing conditions were examined at natural ageing for 2days and pre-ageing at 100 °C, 130°C and 170 °C for 4 hours, 2 hours and 30 minutes respectively. The observations revealed that, the pre-ageing before cryorolling is useful to enhance the dislocation density during cryorolling. However artificial ageing of cryorolled samples is not influenced much with pre-ageing. It is revealed that, maturing at room temperature of CR samples for 30 days has resulted better hardening response during artificial ageing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural and artificial ageing"

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Nguyen, Thanh Hoi. "Vieillissement artificiel et vieillissement naturel en ambiance tropicale de composites modèles époxy/verre : approche nanoscopique de l'étude des interphases." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942583.

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Un composite époxy/fibre de verre élaboré à partir de matériaux simplifiés a été soumis en parallèle à du vieillissement artificiel (UV et thermohydrique) et à du vieillissement naturel (climat tropical humide). Une étude des matériaux (résine seule et composite) à travers un large panel de techniques de caractérisation physico-chimiques, mécaniques et de moyens d'observation (MEB, AFM) a permis d'identifier clairement la structure, la morphologie et les principales propriétés du réseau époxy-amine de l'état initial. Une caractérisation systématique des échantillons par couches de 20 microns d'épaisseur a permis, en particulier, d'identifier un gradient de structure et de propriétés dans les 200 premiers microns à la surface des plaques de résine et de composite. Ce gradient est attribué à l'évaporation du durcisseur amine lors de l'élaboration des matériaux. Dans les plaques de composites, le DMA ainsi que l'AFM ont permis de mettre en évidence une zone d'interphase autour des fibres pour laquelle le réseau époxy-amine présente des caractéristiques différentes de celles de la résine en masse.La même méthodologie a été adoptée pour suivre l'évolution de ces matériaux lors des vieillissements artificiels et naturels.Les études séparées des vieillissements UV et thermohydrique ont permis de mettre en évidence les altérations chimiques et physico-chimiques de la matrice seule d'une part, et des interphases fibres/matrice d'autre part. Le vieillissement photochimique se montre le plus dégradant pour la surface des plaques, alors que les effets du vieillissement thermohydrique sont principalement observés au niveau des interfaces fibres/matrice dans les composites. Dans les deux cas également, nous pouvons proposer des mécanismes simplifiés de dégradation de la résine époxy-amine.Enfin, les résultats de caractérisation après le vieillissement naturel nous permettent de faire des corrélations avec les vieillissements artificiels et de pointer les effets prépondérants des deux paramètres de vieillissement, ainsi que d'avancer un facteur d'accélération.
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Panesar, Kulvinder. "Natural language processing (NLP) in Artificial Intelligence (AI): a functional linguistic perspective." Vernon Press, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18140.

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Yes
This chapter encapsulates the multi-disciplinary nature that facilitates NLP in AI and reports on a linguistically orientated conversational software agent (CSA) (Panesar 2017) framework sensitive to natural language processing (NLP), language in the agent environment. We present a novel computational approach of using the functional linguistic theory of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) as the linguistic engine. Viewing language as action, utterances change the state of the world, and hence speakers and hearer’s mental state change as a result of these utterances. The plan-based method of discourse management (DM) using the BDI model architecture is deployed, to support a greater complexity of conversation. This CSA investigates the integration, intersection and interface of the language, knowledge, speech act constructions (SAC) as a grammatical object, and the sub-model of BDI and DM for NLP. We present an investigation into the intersection and interface between our linguistic and knowledge (belief base) models for both dialogue management and planning. The architecture has three-phase models: (1) a linguistic model based on RRG; (2) Agent Cognitive Model (ACM) with (a) knowledge representation model employing conceptual graphs (CGs) serialised to Resource Description Framework (RDF); (b) a planning model underpinned by BDI concepts and intentionality and rational interaction; and (3) a dialogue model employing common ground. Use of RRG as a linguistic engine for the CSA was successful. We identify the complexity of the semantic gap of internal representations with details of a conceptual bridging solution.
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au, os goh@murdoch edu, and Ong Sing Goh. "A framework and evaluation of conversation agents." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081020.134601.

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This project details the development of a novel and practical framework for the development of conversation agents (CAs), or conversation robots. CAs, are software programs which can be used to provide a natural interface between human and computers. In this study, ‘conversation’ refers to real-time dialogue exchange between human and machine which may range from web chatting to “on-the-go” conversation through mobile devices. In essence, the project proposes a “smart and effective” communication technology where an autonomous agent is able to carry out simulated human conversation via multiple channels. The CA developed in this project is termed “Artificial Intelligence Natural-language Identity” (AINI) and AINI is used to illustrate the implementation and testing carried out in this project. Up to now, most CAs have been developed with a short term objective to serve as tools to convince users that they are talking with real humans as in the case of the Turing Test. The traditional designs have mainly relied on ad-hoc approach and hand-crafted domain knowledge. Such approaches make it difficult for a fully integrated system to be developed and modified for other domain applications and tasks. The proposed framework in this thesis addresses such limitations. Overcoming the weaknesses of previous systems have been the key challenges in this study. The research in this study has provided a better understanding of the system requirements and the development of a systematic approach for the construction of intelligent CAs based on agent architecture using a modular N-tiered approach. This study demonstrates an effective implementation and exploration of the new paradigm of Computer Mediated Conversation (CMC) through CAs. The most significant aspect of the proposed framework is its ability to re-use and encapsulate expertise such as domain knowledge, natural language query and human-computer interface through plug-in components. As a result, the developer does not need to change the framework implementation for different applications. This proposed system provides interoperability among heterogeneous systems and it has the flexibility to be adapted for other languages, interface designs and domain applications. A modular design of knowledge representation facilitates the creation of the CA knowledge bases. This enables easier integration of open-domain and domain-specific knowledge with the ability to provide answers for broader queries. In order to build the knowledge base for the CAs, this study has also proposed a mechanism to gather information from commonsense collaborative knowledge and online web documents. The proposed Automated Knowledge Extraction Agent (AKEA) has been used for the extraction of unstructured knowledge from the Web. On the other hand, it is also realised that it is important to establish the trustworthiness of the sources of information. This thesis introduces a Web Knowledge Trust Model (WKTM) to establish the trustworthiness of the sources. In order to assess the proposed framework, relevant tools and application modules have been developed and an evaluation of their effectiveness has been carried out to validate the performance and accuracy of the system. Both laboratory and public experiments with online users in real-time have been carried out. The results have shown that the proposed system is effective. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the CA could be implemented on the Web, mobile services and Instant Messaging (IM). In the real-time human-machine conversation experiment, it was shown that AINI is able to carry out conversations with human users by providing spontaneous interaction in an unconstrained setting. The study observed that AINI and humans share common properties in linguistic features and paralinguistic cues. These human-computer interactions have been analysed and contributed to the understanding of how the users interact with CAs. Such knowledge is also useful for the development of conversation systems utilising the commonalities found in these interactions. While AINI is found having difficulties in responding to some forms of paralinguistic cues, this could lead to research directions for further work to improve the CA performance in the future.
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Ray, Arijit. "The Art of Deep Connection - Towards Natural and Pragmatic Conversational Agent Interactions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78335.

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As research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) advances, it is crucial to focus on having seamless communication between humans and machines in order to effectively accomplish tasks. Smooth human-machine communication requires the machine to be sensible and human-like while interacting with humans, while simultaneously being capable of extracting the maximum information it needs to accomplish the desired task. Since a lot of the tasks required to be solved by machines today involve the understanding of images, training machines to have human-like and effective image-grounded conversations with humans is one important step towards achieving this goal. Although we now have agents that can answer questions asked for images, they are prone to failure from confusing input, and cannot ask clarification questions, in turn, to extract the desired information from humans. Hence, as a first step, we direct our efforts towards making Visual Question Answering agents human-like by making them resilient to confusing inputs that otherwise do not confuse humans. Not only is it crucial for a machine to answer questions reasonably, it should also know how to ask questions sequentially to extract the desired information it needs from a human. Hence, we introduce a novel game called the Visual 20 Questions Game, where a machine tries to figure out a secret image a human has picked by having a natural language conversation with the human. Using deep learning techniques like recurrent neural networks and sequence-to-sequence learning, we demonstrate scalable and reasonable performances on both the tasks.
Master of Science
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Datsiou, Kyriaki Corinna. "Design and performance of cold bent glass." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269408.

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The demand for flat glass is high and increasing significantly in the building industry as a direct result of architectural requirements for lightness, transparency and natural light. Current architectural trends require glass in curvilinear forms for smooth free-form façades. Two principal challenges arise from this: to cost-effectively produce the desired curvature and; to ensure its safe performance after exposure to ageing. The recent availability of high strength glass provides an opportunity to address the first challenge by developing cold bent glass. Cold bending involves the straining of relatively thin glass components, at ambient temperatures, and is a low energy and cost effective manner of creating curvilinear forms. However, cold bending is not yet widely established as a reliable method. The aim of this thesis is to develop the understanding of cold bent glass during the bending process and to evaluate its post-ageing performance. This thesis, firstly, investigates the mechanical response of monolithic glass plates during the cold bending process. The stability of cold bent glass is investigated experimentally by bending it in double curved anticlastic shapes. A parametric numerical analysis involves different boundary conditions, geometrical plate characteristics and bending parameters. The principal outcome is that a local instability, now termed cold bending distortion, occurs when certain displacement limits are exceeded and could degrade the optical quality of the glass. An evaluation procedure is also formulated to set limits and aid designers/manufacturers to predict the mechanical response and the optical quality of the glass. Cold bent glass is subjected to permanent bending stresses throughout its service life and therefore, its strength degradation after ageing needs to be quantified. Analytical, experimental and numerical investigations are undertaken in this thesis to identify the most effective method for estimating glass strength (evaluation of destructive tests, required number of specimens, statistical analysis methods and sub-critical crack growth). The limited availability of naturally aged toughened glass and the absence of a reliable ageing standard impede the evaluation of its aged performance. Therefore, a parametric experimental investigation of artificial ageing methods on glass is undertaken in this thesis. A procedure for the evaluation of the strength of aged glass is finally, formulated to allow the selection of artificial ageing parameters that correspond to a target level of erosion. The knowledge on artificial ageing and strength prediction acquired above is finally implemented on different types of glass to determine their strength after ageing and assess their safe use in cold bending / load bearing applications. The investigation showed that fully toughened glass has a superior performance to chemically toughened or annealed glass. Overall, the research presented in this thesis demonstrates that high quality cold bent toughened glass can be created when certain applied displacement limits are respected. These can be used as a safe, cost-effective and energy efficient replacement to the more conventional hot bent glass. However, cold bending / load bearing applications in which the stressed glass surface is exposed to ageing, require glass with a relatively high case depth such as fully toughened or bi-tempered glass.
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Al, Kindi Suad Said. "Artificial chemical ageing of atmospheric aerosol." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5550/.

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An aerosol chemical ageing (ACA) system has been developed for artificially processing atmospheric particles. An aerosol flow tube coupled to a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) have been proposed to study the heterogeneous reaction (HR) between two oxidants, ozone (O\(_3\)) and hydroxyl radical (OH), and three different single organic aerosol proxies: oleic acid (OL), maleic acid (MA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (BES). The ACA system operates under conditions equivalent to ambient processing times of 1 and 20 days with respect to ozone and OH ambient levels, respectively. The study provides evidence for the ageing process of organic aerosol. The physical characterisation of aged particles suggests the formation of volatile products resulting in appreciable decrease in particles size and mass. The chemical study, however, shows that the properties of the aged particles are sensitive to the oxidant and organic material identities, the particle size and the oxidation environment. The applicability of the developed ageing technique has been tested on real atmospheric particles, however, it is concluded that extrapolating laboratory procedures to ambient atmosphere may be challenging due to the complexity of the real atmosphere, particularly, the urban atmosphere.
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Desai, Krutarth. "California State University, San Bernardino Chatbot." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/775.

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Now-a-days the chatbot development has been moving from the field of Artificial-Intelligence labs to the desktops and mobile domain experts. In the fastest growing technology world, most smartphone users spend major time in the messaging apps such as Facebook messenger. A chatbot is a computer program that uses messaging channels to interact with users using natural Languages. Chatbot uses appropriate mapping techniques to transform user inputs into a relational database and fetch the data by calling an existing API and then sends an appropriate response to the user to drive its chats. Drawbacks include the need to learn and use chatbot specific languages such as AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language), high botmaster interference, and the use of non-matured technology. In this project, Facebook messenger based chatbot is proposed to provide domain independent, an easy to use, smart, scalable, dynamic and conversational agent in order to get information about CSUSB. It has the unique functionalities which identify user interactions made by their natural language, and the flawless support of various application domains. This provides an ample of unique scalabilities and abilities that will be evaluated in the future phases of this project.
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Elvir, Miguel. "EPISODIC MEMORY MODEL FOR EMBODIED CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3000.

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Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA) form part of a range of virtual characters whose intended purpose include engaging in natural conversations with human users. While works in literature are ripe with descriptions of attempts at producing viable ECA architectures, few authors have addressed the role of episodic memory models in conversational agents. This form of memory, which provides a sense of autobiographic record-keeping in humans, has only recently been peripherally integrated into dialog management tools for ECAs. In our work, we propose to take a closer look at the shared characteristics of episodic memory models in recent examples from the field. Additionally, we propose several enhancements to these existing models through a unified episodic memory model for ECAÂ s. As part of our research into episodic memory models, we present a process for determining the prevalent contexts in the conversations obtained from the aforementioned interactions. The process presented demonstrates the use of statistical and machine learning services, as well as Natural Language Processing techniques to extract relevant snippets from conversations. Finally, mechanisms to store, retrieve, and recall episodes from previous conversations are discussed. A primary contribution of this research is in the context of contemporary memory models for conversational agents and cognitive architectures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at providing a comparative summary of existing works. As implementations of ECAs become more complex and encompass more realistic conversation engines, we expect that episodic memory models will continue to evolve and further enhance the naturalness of conversations.
M.S.Cp.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering MSCpE
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Azis, Norhafiz. "Ageing assessment of insulation paper with consideration of in-service ageing and natural ester application." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ageing-assessment-of-insulation-paper-with-consideration-of-inservice-ageing-and-natural-ester-application(a4c668ed-31f3-41fe-9e8a-7ee51453ebe8).html.

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One of the cellulose insulation in high voltage power transformers is paper, and it is widely used in transformers due to low cost and excellent physical/electrical properties. However, the performance of paper could be affected by ageing. Ageing of paper is a complex phenomenon and can be influenced by many factors. This PhD thesis aimed to examine the ageing of paper in transformers based on Tensile Index (TI), dielectric strength and Low Molecular Weight Acid (LMA) measurements. The effect of ageing on the dielectric strength of paper was examined, through studying the influence of paper and oil ageing by-products such as LMA and HMA on the AC breakdown voltage. Meanwhile, the end of life for transmission transformer population in the UK was examined by studying the profile of LMA and TI of paper in scrapped transformers, with phase, winding, and layer locations taken into consideration. The relationship between TI, LMA and transformer age was modelled using previously published formulae in literature. The partitioning of LMA and HMA between mineral oil and paper was also investigated. Since TI is not directly measureable when a transformer is in-service, a TI prediction model was developed based on LMA measured in oil. The results indicated that there is no reduction effect of ageing (moderate towards severe) on the dielectric strength of paper, whereas the dielectric strength of paper is mainly influenced by the oil condition. LMA significantly reduces the breakdown voltage and accelerates the ageing of paper in mineral oil. The end of life based on TI is best represented by the 20 % retention of TI. Based on the case studies, the estimated end of life of transmission transformer population in the UK is around 43 years. The vertical distribution profile of LMA in paper and TI of paper along a winding is mainly influenced by vertical temperature profile. As paper ages, the amount of LMA in paper tends to increase as TI reduces. The percentage of LMA in service aged oil is about one fourth of Total Acid Number (TAN). The partition of LMA in mineral oil and paper favours its stay in paper and is heavily influenced by the weight ratio of paper and oil. The performance of the natural ester under high temperature ageing in open or sealed condition was evaluated based on TAN and viscosity measurements. The ratio of LMA and HMA in aged natural ester was examined. The effect of LMA and HMA on the AC breakdown voltage of natural ester and ageing of paper was also investigated. It was suggested that natural ester is suitable for application in hermetically sealed transformers. High temperature oxidation has significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of natural ester. Due to the polar nature of natural ester, the stay of LMA in natural ester is favoured over in paper which could be the reason why the breakdown voltage of natural ester and the ageing of paper are not significantly affected by LMA as in mineral oil.
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Brock, Walter A. "Alternative Approaches to Correction of Malapropisms in AIML Based Conversational Agents." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/20.

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The use of Conversational Agents (CAs) utilizing Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) has been studied in a number of disciplines. Previous research has shown a great deal of promise. It has also documented significant limitations in the abilities of these CAs. Many of these limitations are related specifically to the method employed by AIML to resolve ambiguities in the meaning and context of words. While methods exist to detect and correct common errors in spelling and grammar of sentences and queries submitted by a user, one class of input error that is particularly difficult to detect and correct is the malapropism. In this research a malapropism is defined a "verbal blunder in which one word is replaced by another similar in sound but different in meaning" ("malapropism," 2013). This research explored the use of alternative methods of correcting malapropisms in sentences input to AIML CAs using measures of Semantic Distance and tri-gram probabilities. Results of these alternate methods were compared against AIML CAs using only the Symbolic Reductions built into AIML. This research found that the use of the two methodologies studied here did indeed lead to a small, but measurable improvement in the performance of the CA in terms of the appropriateness of its responses as classified by human judges. However, it was also noted that in a large number of cases, the CA simply ignored the existence of a malapropism altogether in formulating its responses. In most of these cases, the interpretation and response to the user's input was of such a general nature that one might question the overall efficacy of the AIML engine. The answer to this question is a matter for further study.
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Books on the topic "Natural and artificial ageing"

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René, Larsen, Vest Marie, Kejser Ulla Bøgvad, Konservatorskolen (Copenhagen Denmark), and European Commission. Directorate-General XII, Science, Research, and Development, eds. STEP Leather Project: Evaluation of the correlation between natural and artificial ageing of vegetable tanned leather and determination of parameters for standardization of an artificial ageing method. København: Bjarnholt Repro, 1994.

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Rene, Larsen, ed. STEP leather project: Evaluation of the correlation between natural and artificial ageing of vegetable tanned leather anddetermination of pparameters for standardization of an artificial ageing method : sponsored by the "Protection and Conservation of the European Cultural Heritage" area of the "Science and Technology in Environmental Protection" research program of the European Commission, the General Directorate XII for Science, Research and Development. Copenhagan: Bjarnholt Repro, 1994.

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1935-, Lasker G. E., International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics., and International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics, and Cybernetics. (10th : 1998 : Baden-Baden, Germany), eds. Advances in artificial intelligence and engineering cybernetics: Neural networks, anticipatory systems, the evolution of autonomous agents, multi-agent systems development, intelligent systems in process control, knowledge organization, formal representation of meaning, space-time logic, logic networks, time and threshold dependent logic operators, natural language processing. Windsor, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 1999.

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Galbraith, Paul. Reversing ageing the natural way. Port Melbourne, Vic: Lothian Book, 1993.

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Razeghifard, Reza, ed. Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659892.

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Addis, Tom. Natural and Artificial Reasoning. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11286-2.

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1938-, Burton Robert G., ed. Natural and artificial minds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.

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The anti-ageing cookbook. North Vancouver, B.C: Whitecap, 2003.

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Kenton, Leslie. Ageless ageing: The natural way to stay young. London: Century Arrow, 1986.

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Kenton, Leslie. Ageless ageing: The natural way to stay young. New York: Grove Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural and artificial ageing"

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Kemke, Christel. "Natural Language Communication Between Human and Artificial Agents." In Agent Computing and Multi-Agent Systems, 84–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11802372_11.

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Stefanini, Marie-Hélène, and Yves Demazeau. "TALISMAN: A multi-agent system for natural language processing." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 312–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0034824.

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Hervás, Raquel, and Pablo Gervás. "Agent-Based Solutions for Natural Language Generation Tasks." In Current Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 103–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11881216_12.

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Huang, Y. G., G. Y. Wang, K. X. Qi, and P. F. Fang. "Study on Freshness Indicator Agent of Natural Plant Dyes." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Security, 530–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78618-2_44.

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Rojas-Barahona, Lina Maria, Silvana Quaglini, and Mario Stefanelli. "HomeNL: Homecare Assistance in Natural Language. An Intelligent Conversational Agent for Hypertensive Patients Management." In Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 245–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02976-9_35.

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Ozaeta, Leire, and Manuel Graña. "Agent-Based Spatial Dynamics Explaining Sustained Opinion Survival." In Biomedical Applications Based on Natural and Artificial Computing, 137–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59773-7_15.

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Garijo, Francisco J., Sonia Bravo, Jorge Gonzalez, and Emilio Bobadilla. "BOGAR_LN: An Agent Based Component Framework for Developing Multi-modal Services Using Natural Language." In Current Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 207–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25945-9_21.

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Tomus, Dacian, Paul A. Rometsch, Lingfei Cao, Malcolm J. Couper, and Chris H. J. Davies. "Utilisation of Atom Probe Data to Model Precipitation and Strengthening in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy during Natural Ageing and Early-Stage Artificial Ageing." In ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys, 267–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118495292.ch41.

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Tomus, Dacian, Paul A. Rometsch, Lingfei Cao, Malcolm J. Couper, and Chris H. J. Davies. "Utilisation of Atom Probe Data to Model Precipitation and Strengthening in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy During Natural Ageing and Early-Stage Artificial Ageing." In ICAA13 Pittsburgh, 267–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48761-8_41.

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Calvo, O., Jose M. Molina, Miguel A. Patricio, and A. Berlanga. "A Propose Architecture for Situated Multi-agent Systems and Virtual Simulated Environments Applied to Educational Immersive Experiences." In Biomedical Applications Based on Natural and Artificial Computing, 413–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59773-7_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural and artificial ageing"

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Hirayama, T., Marungsri, H. Shinokubo, and R. Matsuoka. "Artificial and natural ageing tests of 275-kV class full scale insulator strings." In 2005 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2005.1560680.

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Spiridonov, Iskren, and Rumyana Boeva. "Evaluation of the influence of artificial UV ageing of printed images." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p36.

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The main problems encountered in the long storage of printed or painted images are associated with deterioration of color characteristics and loss of information from them. The changes, that occur are due to the processes of ageing of the inks and papers. Natural ageing is a rather slow process. Therefore a study of the changes occurring with the printed images over the time under artificial UV radiation has been carried out. For the purpose of this experiment, was designed specialized test form, containing thousands of control patches for estimating the spectral, color and optical density shifts during the artificial ageing. The main goals of this research are to investigate the influence of artificial UV ageing on the optical density, spectral and color characteristics of printed images. The experiment have been performed in real printing conditions on state of art offset printing presses. The printing media used in the experiment are matte coated and uncoated offset paper, which are chosen because they are wide used all over the world. The test images and all the thousands of color control patches have been submitted to UV artificial ageing. The spectral and color characteristics of the inks and paper were examined during the different UV ageing period. The obtained results shows changes in all of investigated parameters during artificial ageing. The results are important from scientific and practical point of view. They might be used for modeling of ageing processes and could be very useful for recovering of original color characteristics of aged images.
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Velukkudi Santhanam, Senthil Kumar, and Dhanashekar Manickam. "Effect of Artificial Aging on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behaviour of A356 Alloy." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72562.

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Aluminium alloys used in automobile applications are generally heat treated to obtain a desired combination of strength and ductility. The knowledge in treatment temperature as well as the time of this process is essential for optimum results. In this paper A356 alloy is subjected to different heat treatment conditions and examined its effects on the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour. The solutionizing temperature and time were 540°C and 1 hour respectively, followed by 24 hours of natural aging and the artificial aging temperature and time were 180°C and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6 hours respectively. The standard T6 heat treatment process performed were used as reference in-order to compare the effect of artificial ageing. The solutionizing temperature for 1 hour and artificial ageing time of 4.5 hours produced peak compressive strength when compared to other aging times.
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Mészáros, Tamás, and Tadeusz Dobrowiecki. "Agent-based Reconfigurable Natural Language Interface to Robots - Human-Agent Interaction using Task-specific Controlled Natural Languages." In 9th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006205306320639.

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E. Ortega, John. "Enhancing Networking Cipher Algorithms with Natural Language." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ARIN 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121013.

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This work provides a survey of several networking cipher algorithms and proposes a method for integrating natural language processing (NLP) as a protective agent for them. Two main proposals are covered for the use of NLP in networking. First, NLP is considered as the weakest link in a networking encryption model; and, second, as a hefty deterrent when combined as an extra layer over what could be considered a strong type of encryption -- the stream cipher. This paper summarizes how languages can be integrated into symmetric encryption as a way to assist in the encryption of vulnerable streams that may be found under attack due to the natural frequency distribution of letters or words in a local language stream.
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Chen, Hsiao Ching, Hui Ming Wee, Kung-Jeng Wang, and Yao-Hung Hsieh. "Using Artificial Neural Network in Multi-Agent Supply Chain Systems." In Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2007.798.

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"IAAN: Intelligent Animated Agent with Natural Behaviour for Online Tutoring Platforms." In International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004756401230130.

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Goyal, Prasoon, Scott Niekum, and Raymond J. Mooney. "Using Natural Language for Reward Shaping in Reinforcement Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/331.

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Recent reinforcement learning (RL) approaches have shown strong performance in complex domains, such as Atari games, but are highly sample inefficient. A common approach to reduce interaction time with the environment is to use reward shaping, which involves carefully designing reward functions that provide the agent intermediate rewards for progress towards the goal. Designing such rewards remains a challenge, though. In this work, we use natural language instructions to perform reward shaping. We propose a framework that maps free-form natural language instructions to intermediate rewards, that can seamlessly be integrated into any standard reinforcement learning algorithm. We experiment with Montezuma's Revenge from the Atari video games domain, a popular benchmark in RL. Our experiments on a diverse set of 15 tasks demonstrate that for the same number of interactions with the environment, using language-based rewards can successfully complete the task 60% more often, averaged across all tasks, compared to learning without language.
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Yanbin Zheng, Bo Li, Deyu An, and Na Li. "A multi-agent path planning algorithm based on hierarchical reinforcement learning and artificial potential field." In The 2015 11th International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2015.7378017.

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Ben-Porat, Omer, Lital Kuchy, Sharon Hirsch, Guy Elad, Roi Reichart, and Moshe Tennenholtz. "Predicting Strategic Behavior from Free Text (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/699.

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The connection between messaging and action is fundamental both to web applications, such as web search and sentiment analysis, and to economics. However, while prominent online applications exploit messaging in natural (human) language in order to predict non-strategic action selection, the economics literature focuses on the connection between structured stylized messaging to strategic decisions in games and multi-agent encounters. This paper aims to connect these two strands of research, which we consider highly timely and important due to the vast online textual communication on the web. Particularly, we introduce the following question: can free text expressed in natural language serve for the prediction of action selection in an economic context, modeled as a game? We initiate research on this question by providing preliminary positive results.
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Reports on the topic "Natural and artificial ageing"

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Finin, Timothy W., Aravind K. Joshi, and Bonnie L. Webber. Natural Language Interactions with Artificial Experts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460952.

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Hudson, G. B. Natural and artificial nobel gas hydrologic tracers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170588.

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Tirrell, David A. Genetic Engineering of Artificial Proteins Containing Non-Natural Amino Acids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394071.

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Chang, Guocen. Research on Natural Hearing and the Development Toward Artificial Hearing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239239.

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TIMOTHY J. KNEAFSEY AND KARSTEN PRUESS. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ON HEAT-DRIVEN TWO-PHASE FLOWS IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ROCK FRACTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778893.

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Perera, Duminda, Vladimir Smakhtin, Spencer Williams, Taylor North, and Allen Curry. Ageing Water Storage Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/qsyl1281.

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The Report provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the ageing of large dams –an emerging global development issue as tens of thousands of existing large dams have reached or exceeded an “alert” age threshold of 50 years, and many others will soon approach 100 years. These aged structures incur rapidly rising maintenance needs and costs while simultaneously declining their effectiveness and posing potential threats to human safety and the environment. The Report analyzes large dam construction trends across major geographical regions and primary dam functions, such as water supply, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, and recreation. Analysis of existing global datasets indicates that despite plans in some regions and countries to build more water storage dams, particularly for hydropower generation, there will not be another “dam revolution” to match the scale of the high-intensity dam construction experienced in the early to middle, 20th century. At the same time, many of the large dams constructed then are aging, and hence we are already experiencing a “mass ageing” of water storage infrastructure. The Report further explores the emerging practice of decommissioning ageing dams, which can be removal or re-operation, to address issues of ensuring public safety, escalating maintenance costs, reservoir sedimentation, and restoration of a natural river ecosystem. Decommissioning becomes the option if economic and practical limitations prevent a dam from being upgraded or if its original use has become obsolete. The cost of dam removal is estimated to be an order of magnitude less than that of repairing. The Report also gives an overview of dam decommissioning’s socio-economic impacts, including those on local livelihoods, heritage, property value, recreation, and aesthetics. Notably, the nature of these impacts varies significantly between low- and high-income countries. The Report shows that while dam decommissioning is a relatively recent phenomenon, it is gaining pace in the USA and Europe, where many dams are older. However, it is primarily small dams that have been removed to date, and the decommissioning of large dams is still in its infancy, with only a few known cases in the last decade. A few case studies of ageing and decommissioned large dams illustrate the complexity and length of the process that is often necessary to orchestrate the dam removal safely. Even removing a small dam requires years (often decades), continuous expert and public involvement, and lengthy regulatory reviews. With the mass ageing of dams well underway, it is important to develop a framework of protocols that will guide and accelerate the process of dam removal. Overall, the Report aims to attract global attention to the creeping issue of ageing water storage infrastructure and stimulate international efforts to deal with this emerging water risk. This Report’s primary target audiences are governments and their partners responsible for planning and implementing water infrastructure development and management, emphasizing adaptat
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, and Максим Олександрович Квітко. Perspectives and Using Woody Artificial Plantations for Harmonization of the Natural Environment in Kryvyi Rih. Book of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific Conference. Nitra, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5440.

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The research aimed to study artificial woody plantations as a significant factor in improving the ecological environment for their further use, adhering to the paradigm of sustainable development in the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. In our opinion, the biogeochemical parameters of each seasonal fallen tree leaves can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the viability, or in other words, the health of tree species, and predict the development of artificial woody plantations.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, and Максим Олександрович Квітко. Perspectives and Using Woody Artificial Plantations for Harmonization of the Natural Environment in Kryvyi Rih. Book of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific Conference. Nitra, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5440.

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The research aimed to study artificial woody plantations as a significant factor in improving the ecological environment for their further use, adhering to the paradigm of sustainable development in the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. In our opinion, the biogeochemical parameters of each seasonal fallen tree leaves can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the viability, or in other words, the health of tree species, and predict the development of artificial woody plantations.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, and Максим Олександрович Квітко. Perspectives and Using Woody Artificial Plantations for Harmonization of the Natural Environment in Kryvyi Rih. Book of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific Conference. Nitra, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5440.

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The research aimed to study artificial woody plantations as a significant factor in improving the ecological environment for their further use, adhering to the paradigm of sustainable development in the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. In our opinion, the biogeochemical parameters of each seasonal fallen tree leaves can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the viability, or in other words, the health of tree species, and predict the development of artificial woody plantations.
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Cowee, Misa, Kaijun Liu, Reinhard H. Friedel, and Geoffrey D. Reeves. LANL LDRD-funded project: Test particle simulations of energetic ions in natural and artificial radiation belts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046532.

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