Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'NATO (Group)'

After a decade of suffering from a lack of attention in second language research, interest in motivational issues has recently shifted the focus of its analysis from the individual as learner to learning as participation in social activities and social worlds. If we accept the notion that language learning results from involvement in communicative events, then to what degree learners participate in an event, if at all, is crucial to that learning. In this thesis I add to the body of research that has begun to examine the complexities of the interface between individuals and learning contexts. I examine the historical, cultural and personal influences that a group of Ukrainian military officers bring to a NATO sponsored immersion program, as well as their perceptions of their place within the power structures that are inherent to this setting.
I argue that for the group of learners in this study, second language acquisition theories have not provided an adequate explanation for the reason why they did or did not participate in communicative events both inside and outside the classroom. Drawing on Vygotsky's (1962, 1978) language learning theories and Peirce's (1989, 1993, 1995, 1997) notions of social identity and investment to support my findings, I identify elements that served to marginalize these learners and disempower them, and which were responsible for their apparent lack of investment in language learning. I also suggest how, for some of these officers, changes in their social identities led to more opportunities to practice English and eventually to feel empowered both during the language course and once they returned home.

This thesis aims to scrutinize the Visegrad Quadruple Initiative as a device of the Central European countries in the process of involving into the re-negotiations in Europe and in world politics. The thesis argues that the Visegrad group was built in order to respond the demands of changing Europe and Euro-Atlantic structures, and thus to overcome the double process of transition and integration. However that was not the only reason to launch the Visegrad regional cooperation. The group produced an affirmative discourse that its members are distinguished from the other countries in transition, so that they are constantly one step forward to &lsquo
return to Europe&rsquo
. In the aftermath of the eastern enlargements of NATO and the EU alike, the original mission of the group, integration with the West, was achieved. That created a profound discussion about the survival of the group. As it is argued in this thesis, the group, as a prosperous and substantial regional cooperation, should rather continue to work in order to have more words to say in the re-negotiations processes. Another argument of the thesis is that the Visegrad group, taking Benelux group as a model in its continuity, is beneficial to produce a common foreign policy tendency among its members as long as the interests of its members are overlapping, otherwise the group is just being a political platform in which its members can share their views in such areas as regional regulations.

This thesis aims to scrutinize the Visegrad Quadruple Initiative as a device of the Central European countries in the process of involving into the re-negotiations in Europe and in world politics. The thesis argues that the Visegrad group was built in order to respond the demands of changing Europe and Euro-Atlantic structures, and thus to overcome the double process of transition and integration. However that was not the only reason to launch the Visegrad regional cooperation. The group produced an affirmative discourse that its members are distinguished from the other countries in transition, so that they are constantly one step forward to &lsquo
return to Europe&rsquo
. In the aftermath of the eastern enlargements of NATO and the EU alike, the original mission of the group, integration with the West, was achieved. That created a profound discussion about the survival of the group. As it is argued in this thesis, the group, as a prosperous and substantial regional cooperation, should rather continue to work in order to have more words to say in the re-negotiations processes. Another argument of the thesis is that the Visegrad group, taking Benelux group as a model in its continuity, is beneficial to produce a common foreign policy tendency among its members as long as the interests of its members are overlapping, otherwise the group is just being a political platform in which its members can share their views in such areas as regional regulations.

The activism of ethnic interest groups reflects the development of a pluralist American foreign-policy process in the post-Cold War era. Since U.S. political power is divided and shared between the Presidency and Congress, there are two separate and interdependent decision-making arenas for interest groups to seek political access. A topic left relatively under examined is the impact of partisanship in executive-legislative relations on the strategies groups use to influence foreign-policy decisions. This thesis contributes to the study of the domestic politics of foreign policymaking by examining the role of ethnic interest groups in the Clinton administration’s decision to enlarge the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Party control of American political institutions, public opinion, and mass electoral pressure are posited as variables to guide the theory development of group strategies in foreign-policy lobbying.

According to the previous studies, water adsorption energy on the metal surface like as Cu strongly dependent to the structure surface and the size. During the study of the mechanism of the interaction of water and Cu in water gas shift reaction (WGSR) (CO + H2O CO2 + H2), it has been determined Cu is active site of catalysis. These studies inspired the authors to consider theoretically the effect of the structure in the process of the water adsorption in order to select the suitable structures of the copper clusters, Cu10, for H2 releasing in the fuel cells at B3LYP/6-31G level of theory. The results showed the distinct effect of the structure on the type of adsorption process (physical or chemical) through three structure of Cu10 (I, II, III structures, Fig. 1). The structures I and II showed physical surface adsorption in reaction with water and the structure III showed chemical adsorption with H2 releasing. The adsorption energies are 0.38 ,1.15 ,-28.27 (kcal/mol) and ΔGads are 11.14, 13.49, -20.12 (kcal/mol), respectively. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35138

The objective of this thesis is to investigate the photocatalytic activity in nanosized TiO2 structures. Two different structures were used for two different reaction systems. In the first part of the study, TiO2 coated on glass beads by a sol-gel procedure were used to test the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction with H2O and H2 in the gas phase. The results of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction revealed that CO2 reduction step of the overall reaction proceeds in dark
while illumination is required for water splitting reaction. In the second part of the study, Photocatalytic oxidation activity of the commercial TiO2 powders mixed with grout and plaster were studied for a potential commercial self cleaning material. A method based on gas phase benzene oxidation was developed for testing TiO2 added cement based self cleaning surfaces. This method was used to screen 15 commercial TiO2 samples with and without cement. Based on this method a commercial TiO2 sample (S9) was selected for further use. Surface of 15 commercial TiO2 samples were characterized by using NO and CO2 as probe molecules. Photocatalytic benzene oxidation experiments showed that using TiO2 on the surface lead to more effective surfaces in terms of photocatalytic activity. TiO2 was bound to surface by inorganic materials without much activity loss. This kind of amount optimization is of commercial importance.

L'hydrogène (H2) a été considéré comme le vecteur d'énergie le plus prometteur et renouvelable. Avec les avantages d'un faible coût et d'une grande efficacité, le fractionnement électrochimique de l'eau est une approche prometteuse pour produire du H2 d'une grande pureté. Cependant, l'application pratique du fractionnement électrochimique de l'eau pour la production à grande échelle de H2 est fortement entravée par une tension de polarisation élevée et par une faible stabilité d'électrode. L’électrolyse comprend deux demi-réactions, à savoir la réaction de dégagement cathodique de l'hydrogène (HER) et la réaction anodique de dégagement d'oxygène (OER). Actuellement, les métaux du groupe Pt sont les catalyseurs les plus efficaces pour HER alors que les catalyseurs à base d'Ir/Ru sont utilisés pour la réaction de dégagement d’oxygène. Cependant, le coût élevé et la rareté de ces métaux limitent leur usage répandu. Des efforts considérables ont alors été consacrés au développement de catalyseurs nanostructurés en alliage ou en métaux non nobles pour le fractionnement de l'eau. Par conséquent, dans cette thèse, nous avons synthétisé des catalyseurs très efficaces et stables en utilisant un processus simple et respectueux de l'environnement. Premièrement, nous avons préparé des nanoparticules de PtRu2 supportées sur un matériau à base de graphène co-dopé au soufre et à l'azote renfermant des traces de fer (PtRu2/PF) par une réaction hydrothermale. Le catalyseur PtRu2/PF peut produire une densité de courant de 10 mA cm-2 à une faible valeur de surtension de 101 mV pour HER à pH = 1, et une densité de courant de 10 mA cm-2 à une surtension de 238 mV pour l'OER en milieu alcalin. De plus, ce catalyseur est également très efficace pour l'oxydation du méthanol (MOR) en milieu acide et pour la réduction d'oxygène (ORR) dans une solution 0.1 M KOH. Dans la deuxième partie de mon travail de thèse, nous décrivons la préparation d'un matériau hybride constitué d'oxyde de cobalt décoré sur MoS2 dopé à l'azote supporté sur des fibres de carbone (CoO/N-MoS2/CF) en combinant la technique hydrothermale et le dépôt électrochimique. Le CoO/N-MoS2/CF a fourni une densité de courant de 10 mA cm-2 à une surtension de 78 mV pour la réaction de dégagement d’hydrogène (HER) et une densité de courant de 50 mA cm-2 à 458 mV pour la réaction de dégagement d’oxygène (OER) dans 1.0 M KOH. De plus, le CoO/N-MoS2/CF a permis de générer une densité de courant maximale de 53 mA cm-2 à une tension de cellule appliquée de 1.5 V pour l’électrolyse d'eau dans un système à deux électrodes. Dans la troisième partie de mon travail de thèse, nous avons montré pour la première fois l’effet de plasmons de surface localisés pour accélérer la réaction électrochimique de dégagement d’hydrogène en utilisant un film mince d’or perforé, sous un éclairage avec de la lumière dans le proche infrarouge. La génération d’un champ électromagnétique intense, sous l'éclairage de l'électrode perforée de nano-trous d'or (Au NH), facilite la dissociation de l'eau en H2. La surtension nécessaire pour le dégagement d’hydrogène sur de telles électrodes plasmoniques est de 205 mV pour produire une densité de courant de 100 mA cm-2, largement améliorée par rapport au matériau de référence, le Pt. Le comportement électrocatalytique est aussi caractérisé par une faible pente de Tafel de 33 mV dec-1. Ces matériaux ont été caractérisés par une variété de techniques différentes, telles que la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), en transmission (MET), la diffractométrie de rayons X (DRX), spectrométrie photoélectronique X (XPS), la spectroscopie Raman et des mesures électrochimiques
Hydrogen (H2) has been considered as the most promising and renewable energy carrier. With the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach to produce H2 with high purity. However, the practical application of water splitting for mass production of H2 is greatly hindered by a higher applied bias voltage and a lower electrode stability required in an electrolyzer arising from two half reactions in water splitting, namely, cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Currently, Pt-group metals are the most effective catalysts for HER while the benchmark catalysts for OER are Ir/Ru-based compounds. However, high cost and scarcity of these metals limit their widespread use. Therefore, enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of nano-scale non-noble metal catalysts with high dispersibility, large specific surface area, and electrocatalytic activity for water splitting. In this thesis, we have explored high-efficiency, high-stability, low-price electrocatalysts using a simple and environmentally friendly process. Firstly, we prepared new PtRu2 nanoparticles supported on sulphur- and nitrogen-co-doped crumbled graphene with trace amounts of iron (PtRu2/PF) electrocatalyst by one-step hydrothermal process. The PtRu2/PF catalyst achieved a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 at a low overpotential value of only 101 mV for HER at pH=1 and a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of only 238 mV for the OER in alkaline solution. Interestingly, this catalyst was also efficient for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in acidic solution and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M KOH solution. Secondly, we described the preparation of a hybrid material consisting of cobalt oxide decorated on nitrogen-doped MoS2 supported on carbon fibers (CoO/N-MoS2/CF) through a two-step process combining hydrothermal technique and electrochemical deposition. The CoO/N-MoS2/CF achieved a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of only 78 mV for the HER and a current density of 50 mA cm-2 at 458 mV for the OER in 1.0 M KOH. Additionally, the CoO/N-MoS2/CF delivered a maximum current density of 53 mA cm-2 at an applied cell voltage of 1.5 V for a two-electrode water splitting. Thirdly, we showed for the first time the extraordinarily capacity of perforated gold nanoholes (Au NHs) electrodes for electrochemical water splitting under illumination with light. The strong plasmonic electromagnetic enhancement, which occurs under illumination of the perforated Au NHs electrode, facilities the dissociation of water into H2. The overpotential for the HER occurs on such plasmonic electrodes at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 was 205 mV, largely improved compared to the reference material, Pt. The fast electrocatalytic behavior of the interface was attested by a low Tafel slope of 33 mV dec-1. All of these materials were characterized by a variety of different techniques, such as SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman and electrochemical measurements

Ce travail concerne la synthèse de nano-objets mono-élément (Ge, Sn) et d'alliages (SiGe, GeSn, SnSi) à partir de dérivés du groupe 14 spécialement conçus à cet effet. Ces espèces présentent un double enjeu : elles doivent être suffisamment stables pour les manipuler aisément tout en restant labiles pour les décomposer dans des conditions douces de température. Pour cela, deux séries d'espèces germaniées à basse valence (degré d'oxydation II) ont été préparées et caractérisées. La première présente des ligands N-chélatants (aminotroponiminate et amidinate) permettant une stabilisation par complexation intramoléculaire. Des réactions spécifiques d'oxydation en présence d'une ortho-quinone et de complexation avec des métaux de transition ont confirmé leur caractère divalent. Leur thermolyse en solution a permis l'obtention de nanoparticules photoluminescentes de 2. 5 à 5 nm de diamètre protégées de l'oxydation par un enrobage organique. La seconde série concerne des espèces divalentes di- et poly-métallées du groupe 14 (hypermétallyl-germylènes et -stannylènes) stabilisées par complexation inter- ou intra-moléculaire. Elles pourraient s'avérer être des précurseurs de choix d'alliages nanométriques possédant des propriétés tout à fait inédites
This work concerns the synthesis of single-element (Ge, Sn) and alloys (SiGe, GeSn, SnSi) nano-objects from group 14 derivatives specifically designed for this purpose. These species present a double challenge: they have to be stable enough to be handled easily and to remain labile to decompose in mild conditions of temperature. For this, two sets of low-coordinate germanium compounds (oxidation state II) have been prepared and characterized. The first one contains N-chelating ligands (aminotroponiminate and amidinate) which allow stabilization by intramolecular complexation. The oxidative reaction with an ortho-quinone and the complexation reaction with transition metals have confirmed their specific character of divalent sites. Their thermolysis in solution led to photoluminescent nanoparticles with a size in the range of 2. 5 to 5 nm surrounded by an organic layer that protected them from oxidation. The second set was devoted to the synthesis of di- and poly-metallated group 14 complexes (hypermetallyl-germylenes and -stannylenes) stabilized by inter- or intra-molecular complexation. They are potential precursors for group 14 nanoscale alloys with totally unique properties

Ce travail de thèse concerne l'étude des propriétés structurales et optiques de multicouches de SiO/SiO₂ dopées au phosphore et de couches minces de SiP et de GeP préparées par évaporation sous ultravide. Après recuit, la formation de nc-Si est observée dans les multicouches SiO/SiO₂ dopées avec du phosphore. Le phosphore est localisé principalement dans les nc-Si avec des concentrations pouvant atteindre 10 at.%, bien supérieures à la limite de solubilité du phosphore dans le Si massif. Une résonance de plasmons de surface localisés est mise en évidence dans le moyen infrarouge. Sa position peut être ajustée en variant la concentration de phosphore. Des simulations basées sur la théorie de Mie ont permis de déterminer le taux d'activation qui est voisin de 5% et la mobilité des porteurs qui est de l'ordre de 23,5 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹. Afin d'empêcher la désorption et la diffusion du phosphore dans le substrat de silicium, la couche mince de Si:P est déposée entre deux couches de SiO₂ d'épaisseur 20 nm. La formation du composé SiP est observée après recuit à des températures supérieures à 950°C. Celui-ci cristallise dans une structure orthorhombique de groupe d'espace Cmc2₁. Les couches minces sont constituées de grains de SiP de taille voisines du micron qui coexistent avec des grains de silicium contenant 1 à 2% de phosphore. La structure lamellaire du SiP a été mise en évidence. Les premiers essais d'exfoliation en phase liquide ont été réalisés après décapage de la couche superficielle de SiO₂ et du silicium dopé. Il est montré qu'il est possible de détacher des morceaux de SiP du substrat de Si. Le composé GeP, qui est obtenu après recuit à 500°C, cristallise dans une structure monoclinique de groupe d'espace C2/m. Les couches minces sont constituées principalement de grains de GeP qui coexistent avec de plus petits grains de Ge présents au voisinage de la surface. Comme pour le SiP, le GeP est bien lamellaire et l'exfoliation en phase liquide conduit à détacher des morceaux de GeP du substrat
This thesis concerns the study of the structural and optical properties in P-doped SiO/ SiO₂ multilayers and thin layers of SiP and GeP. They are prepared by evaporation under ultrahigh vacuum. After annealing, Si nanocrystals formation is observed in P-doped SiO/ SiO₂ multilayers. P atoms are mainly located in Si nanocrystals’ core with concentrations reaching up to 10 at.%, i.e. well beyond the solid solubility limit of P in bulk Si. Infrared absorption measurements give evidence of a localized surface plasmon resonance. The variation of phosphorus concentration allows to tune its position. Simulations, based on the Mie theory, permit to determine both the free charge carrier density, from which a dopant activation rate of about 5% is obtained, as well as the mobility of about 23,5 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹.To prevent the phosphorus desorption and diffusion in the Si substrate, the Si:P thin film is grown between two 20nm thick SiO₂ layers. The SiP compound formation is observed after an annealing process higher than 950°C. SiP crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure in the Cmc2₁ space group. The thin films are composed of SiP grains with a size close to the micrometer scale which coexist with Si grains containing 1 to 2% of phosphorus. The lamellar structure of SiP was identified. The first liquid phase exfoliation test was performed after an etching to remove SiO₂ surface layer and the doped silicon. It is shown that it is possible to detach SiP flakes from the Si substrate. The GeP compound, which is obtained after a 500°C annealing, crystallizes in a monoclinic structure in the C2/m space group. The thin films are mainly composed of GeP grains which coexist with small Ge grains close to the surface. As SiP, GeP is lamellar and the liquid phase exfoliation leads to GeP flakes tear off from the Si substrate

This project is concerned with both the study of different Multiple Quantum Wells (MQWs) structures using the In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As material system lattice matched to InP and a systematic investigation of the properties of InAs QD systems within GaAs with the aim of achieving enhancements of solar cell performance. The key challenge is the growth of QDs solar cell structures which exhibit sufficient absorption (enhanced infrared absorption) to increase short circuit current density (Jsc) but which can still maintains a high open circuit voltage (Voc). The research consists of epitaxial growth using state-of–the-art MBE, optical absorption, photoluminescence and high resolution x-ray diffraction measurements as well as device fabrication and characterization of novel solar cell structures. Optimization was performed on these novel cells to further improve their efficiency by inserting stacks of QD into different regions of the device. The effect of localized doping of such structures was used in an attempt to maintain and enhance the open-circuit voltage which in turn increases the device efficiency. The fabricated devices were characterized using measurements of the dark/light current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and spectral response (50-480 K). Solar cell external quantum efficiencies under standard air mass (AM) 1.5 spectrum were determined and the suitability of these new cells under solar concentration were assessed. Full physical simulations are performed using SILVACO semiconductors modelling software to generate models of multi-junction solar cells that were crucial in informing iterations to growth and fabrication and help to reconcile theory with experiment. One of the key findings, of this thesis, is the fact that Intermediate band photovoltaic devices using material based on InAs/GaAs vertically stacked quantum dot arrays, can be used in applications according to specific configuration criteria such as high temperature operation conditions. The intermediate band cell, including an inter-dot doped configuration, has been found to be a potential candidate as the inter dot doping profile reduces the efficiency degradation below the GaAs values including an enhancement in the open circuit voltage. It has been proved that these devices not only have a good performance at high temperatures but also by changing the vertical stacking QD layer periodicity can enhance the short circuit current density while keeping a large open circuit voltage. It was confirmed in practical device operation that thermal energy is required to enable the intermediate band in InAs/GaAs QD materials. The impact of this works can help in the future improvements of the intermediate band solar cells based on InAs on GaAs QD. The best overall efficiency of 11.6 % obtained in this work is an excellent value for so simple devices configuration. The Si3N4, tested for the first time on InAs/GaAs QD materials, reduces the reflectance on the device surface to a value of 2% and the operational wavelength can be tuned by controlling the layer thickness. A 100 nm Si3N4 antireflective coating proved to be an excellent coating from 700 to 1000 nm. In terms of short circuit current density a 37% enhancement was achieved.

Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos referentes ao comportamento mecânico e ao contato nata-rocha de dois arenitos da Serra do Espigão, no estado de Santa Catarina, localizados em um trecho de 700m na BR-116 km 108 com histórico de problemas de instabilidade de encostas. No local, observam-se duas formações geológicas, a Formação Rio do Rastro, composta por sedimentos transicionais em pacotes de arenitos e lamitos, e a Formação Botucatu, composta por arenitos eólicos. Neste estudo foram obtidas mais de uma centena de amostras que foram submetidas a análises de lâmina delgada e difratometria de raio X, além de ensaios de granulometria, compressão simples e ensaios CCBT (Composity Cylinder Bond Test). As amostras foram extraídas diretamente da face do talude e também de blocos remanescentes de rupturas no bordo da pista através de uma perfuratriz manual. Para o arenito Botucatu, foram realizados cortes em posição paralela, perpendicular e angular em relação ao plano de estratificação natural da rocha sedimentar. No ensaio de compressão simples avaliou-se a influência da estratificação do arenito Botucatu, bem como a variação na resistência de amostras embebidas e, ainda, a relevância da profundidade amostral na resistência. Os resultados revelaram que a estratificação do arenito Botucatu apresenta forte influência na resistência desta. Para o arenito Rio do Rastro não foram observados planos de estratificação em escala amostral. Ambos os arenitos apresentam considerável queda de resistência ao serem embebidos. Os resultados dos ensaios CCBT puderam ser comparados com ensaios de arrancamento em campo, apresentando valores numéricos muito próximos. A adesão obtida através do ensaio CCBT representa o limite inferior de resistência de contato, podendo ser utilizado diretamente como parâmetro de projeto da adesão nata-rocha. Observou-se em laboratório que o material pulverizado do corte dos corpos de prova compostos tem influência na adesão nata-rocha uma vez que este material promove a colmatação da superfície porosa. As análises de lâmina delgada e difração de raio X contribuíram para a caracterização e identificação geológica dos materiais estudados, bem como para a interpretação dos resultados.
In this research, the grout-rock contact and the mechanical behavior of two sandstones were studied. The samples were collected from a highway cut slope (700m long) at km 108 of BR- 116 from Serra do Espigão in the State of Santa Catarina, which has an history of instability problems. There are two geological Formations: Rio do Rastro Formation, composed of transitional sediment packages of sandstones and mudstones and the Botucatu Formation composed of eolian sandstones. In this work more than one hundred samples were taken for optical thin section microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and tests of grading, uniaxial compression tests and CCBT (Composity Cylinder Bond Test). Samples were taken directly from the slope and also from rock blocks toppled by the road using a portable hand drill. For sampling Botucatu sandstone cuts were made in order to obtain specimens with the natural stratification parallel, perpendicular and angular in relation to its axis. Uniaxial compression test were used to evaluate the influence of these angles of stratification of Botucatu sandstone and the influence of previous soaking. For Rio do Rastro sandstone specimens no bedding planes were observed at the sample scale. The results showed that the Botucatu sandstone strength has a strong influence with respect to its stratification. Both sandstones exhibit considerable loss in strength due to soaking. Pullout field test results which compared well with CCBT. The CCBT results represents the lower limit of rock-grout contact strength and can be used directly as the bond strength design parameter. In the laboratory tests it was also observed that the powdered material resultant from the specimens cutting operations have a considerable influence on the grout-rock bond strength as this material promotes clogging of the porous surface. The grading and the microscopic and diffraction analyses contributed to the characterization and identification of geological materials studied and the results interpretation.

O custo normalmente associado à sustentação das forças militares, seja em tempo de paz ou guerra, representa um esforço significativo por parte dos países. A logística ganhou relevo por permitir encontrar soluções para possibilitar a conduta de operações militares, de forma mais eficiente e eficaz. A logística militar relaciona-se com outras áreas, nomeadamente as logísticas civil e a humanitária. Se até à década de 60 do século passado, a logística militar foi a principal impulsionadora da congénere civil, a partir dessa data a situação alterou-se. Atualmente, assiste-se à incorporação de conceitos civis nas práticas militares, sobretudo devido aos fluxos informacional e físico de produtos à escala global. A logística humanitária tem ganho relevo nas últimas décadas, face à importância do apoio a populações afetadas por catástrofes naturais ou de natureza humana. A incorporação de capacidades militares assume um aspeto importante, pela capacidade de resposta imediata, e pela variedade de soluções que proporcionam. O objeto de estudo desta investigação é a logística multinacional em Teatros de Operações (TO). No âmbito das operações multinacionais são destacadas neste trabalho, a operação Mission des United Nations Stabilisation Mission en Haiti (Minustah), que teve início em abril de 2004, no quadro das Nações Unidas, e a 1ª Guerra do Golfo, com início em agosto de 1990, por parte de uma coligação liderada pelos EUA. As operações demonstraram a necessidade da adoção de determinadas soluções de apoio logístico, nomeadamente a centralização do apoio ao nível do Teatro de Operações. A logística multinacional da North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) é caraterizada por um conjunto de soluções, que foram adotadas sobretudo no TO do Kosovo, que beneficiaram as nações pela redução da necessidade de projecção de recursos, e consequentemente com a obtenção de maior eficácia no apoio logístico durante a operação. O Joint Logistics Support Group permitiu maior sincronização do apoio prestado aos contingentes, através da materialização de uma cadeia logística, permitindo a redução dos National Support Elements das diversas nações. O TO do Afeganistão proporcionou à NATO situações de emprego operacional diferentes das experiências anteriores. A insegurança e a instabilidade na região, a escassez de recursos e de infraestruturas, obrigou à realização de acordos diplomáticos com vários países, para a cedência do espaço aéreo e bases aéreas para efetuar o apoio logístico. Esta realidade demonstrou a importância do apoio de Estados regionais vizinhos, de forma a tornar viável a operação militar.

Graduation thesis tries to explore, if the Visegrad Group Countries, i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia cooperated together during their effort to acces the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and the European Union. The thesis is divided into four parts. First part analyses the first steps of Visegrad Cooperation, second part describes the integration process into NATO. The third part is related to the integration with EU. The last part of the thesis sketches the continuation of Visegrad cooperation after accession into EU in 2004. The theory of international regimes was chosen as a theoretical approach to Visegrad Cooperation. The thesis desribes the course of integration process and different forms of cooperation.

In this project, nano-sized gallium oxide and indium oxide produced by ion implantation of nitrogen/carbon and subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA) have been investigated. The material synthesis technique is based on using implantation of different species, which include nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and argon, with variable implant dosage to form an amorphous surface layer on GaAs or InP substrates. RTA then provides the required thermal energy for the amorphous material to re-crystallize. We found that the type of implanted species play an important role in controlling the material for nation during the RTA stage. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted to provide detailed characterization on the samples. For the nitrogen/carbon implanted samples, RTA at 950°C resulted in the formation of single crystalline Ga2O3 nano-ribbons on the sample surface. These Ga2O3 ribbons possess strong visible photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence. For the carbon implanted InP samples, In2O3 nanowires were found on the InP sample surface when RTA was performed at 750°C. However, In2O 3 nanowires only occurred when gold was present. On the other hand, when the nitrogen implanted samples were annealed in pure nitrogen ambient, a Raman peak at 577cm-1 associated with GaN was observed. Cross-sectional TEM showed that the thickness of the region containing GaN was about 40nm. We also used the synthesized GaN as a buffer layer to grow ZnO film by using MOCVD. The possible formation mechanisms of these nanomaterials and the role of the implanted species are discussed. For the nanowires with gold nano-particles at the free end, we believe that they are synthesized by vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. On the other hand, the growth of nano-wires in the cases where no gold nano-particles on the free end may be explained on the basis of a vapour-solid (VS) mechanism. For the case of carbon or nitrogen implantation, carbon works as a reduction agent and nitrogen favours the formation of group III nitride template, which may lead of the growth of nano-wires.
Lo, Kwong Chun.
"March 2008."
Adviser: Aaron H. P. Ho.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1887.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-119).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.

碩士
淡江大學
化學學系碩士班
96
Gold nanopatricles were prepared by citric acid reduction of HAuCl4 according to published procedures. Functionalized gold nanopatricle were prepared by capping hexanoic acid ( HA ) in observation water solution. The pareicle size of AuNPs was confirmed by scanning electron microscope, scanning probe microscope and transmissiom electron microscopy. Functionalized gold nanopatricle were prepared by capping adipic acid ( AA ) on to the surface of AuNPs. Sensing (IA) and (IIA) metal ion，(IIA) metal ion have better sensing the effect. Functionalized gold nanopatricle were prepared by capping 2-aminoethanethiol ( AT ) on to the surface of AuNPs, the nanopatricle shape from spherically turns rod-shaped. Functionalized gold nanopatricle were prepared by capping Epoxy ( E ) on to the surface of AuNPs, preparing the best optimum condition, Application in thin film detecting.

博士
國立交通大學
電子物理系所
95
In this thesis, we studied three different kinds of nano- or micro-structures in GaN, AlGaN and InN materials. First, we investigated the V-shape pit growth on AlGaN with GaN buffer layer. Both micro-photoluminescence and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) results showed an extra peak Iv located at 350 nm in addition to Inbe at 335 nm. The detailed investigations were carried out by NSOM and scanning Kelvin-force microscopy (SKM). The NSOM spectra revealed that the intensity of the Iv band increased gradually from the edge to center of V-defect, while Inbe remained unchanged. The SKM results revealed further that the Fermi level decreased from flat region to V-defect center by about 0.2 eV. These results suggest that the band could be related to shallow acceptor levels, likely resulting from VGa point defects. Besides, the Raman scattering of V-defects was also performed. The Raman results indicated that the LO modes of 3.3 um V-defects show noticeable blue shift corresponding to different concentrations. For different sizes, the appearance of forbidden Raman modes A1(TO) and E1(TO) inside V-defect is due to the right angle scattering from morphology variations. Distinct blue shift of LO-like mode was also observed inside V-defects, especially in large V-defects. Simulation results based on LOPC coupling model deduced a higher dislocation density inside V-defects than that on the plain by considering effective electron density. So that larger size V-defect higher than smaller one. The second theme was about AlGaN film growth on AlN buffer layer. The AlGaN epilayer growth on AlN buffer layer will bear a compressive stress due to lattice mismatch in contrast to a tensile stress on GaN buffer layer. The compressive and tensile stress are the main reason to form such hillocks or V-defects structures. According to AFM morphology results, there are three different types of hillocks, namely pyramid-like, mesa-like, and tent-like hillock. The micro-PL showed an additional emission peak inside the hillock structure, and the energy dispersion x-ray spectrometer (EDX) results suggest that the different peaks of Inbe and IH were due to Al composition fluctuation. According to the PL results, the calculated Al fraction is about 4% and 11%. The strain free E2 mode frequency is inferred to be 568.5cm-1 and 570.2 cm-1 inside and outside the hillock, respectively. However, the experimental results of ��-Raman spectra showed that E2 mode frequency is ~570 cm-1 and ~573 cm-1 inside and outside the hillock, respectively. These are blue shifted by ~1.5 cm-1 and ~3.0 cm-1 so that hillocks bear compressive stress. The Raman depth profile of hillock also gave the evidence that the formation of hillock is from the AlN buffer layer. Moreover, NSOM measurement provided good spatial resolution for pyramid-like hillock and showed varying Al concentration inside the hillock with different hillock height. The PL peak energy showed a red shift when the angle of hillock slope increased. This phenomenon may be ascribed to the stain relaxation and change from 2D to 3D growth mode that affects the growth rate in normal direction. The peak energy at the hillocks apexes is smaller and intensity is stronger than that on plain. The weak luminescence intensity of pyramid-like hillock may be due to localization effect which observed the “S-shape” phenomenon form temperature dependence photoluminescence results in the early studies. The final theme is about InN nano-dots grown on GaN buffer layer and embedded with GaN cap layer. Size-tunable emission energy was observed and was explained by the quantum confinement effect. The PL measurements showed that the PL peak energies of the dots are less sensitive to temperature as compared with bulk film, indicating the localization of carriers in the dots. A reduced quenching of the PL from the dots was also observed, implying superior emission properties for embedded InN dots. We also investigated the capping effects on InN nano-dots by different GaN capping temperature. By increasing the capping temperature we clearly observed the deformed profiles of InN nano-dots in AFM images. So the InN decreased emission intensity. Moreover, two unexpected extra visible emission bands (violet and green) were observed in PL spectra. By analyzing the X-ray diffraction results, the visible emissions are likely due to the InGaN formation from capping processes. The spatial distribution of NSOM mapping revealed the origins of PL emission bands. Finally, we propose that the visible emissions are from the capping layer and the interface layer between InN nano-dots and GaN layer. The presence of the interface layer may include InGaN formed by capping processes.

碩士
大同大學
資訊經營學系(所)
100
In recently years, consumers’ online shopping behavior gradually is changed due to rapidly development of information technology and B2C and C2C business model is frequently adopted. The website for group purchase on the Internet is also gradually developed and became a new business model. However, a lot of group purchase websites fail management to result in loss seriously and even end the business. Nowadays, a few studies discuss the impact of business model of group purchase websites on consumers’ repurchase. Therefore, this research will study the determinants of the intention of influencing consumer behavior, and the website of group purchase by managing virtual community of Facebook as an example. The fans of Facebook fan page- Naso will be our sampling. This research adopts the framework from the model of information systems success by Delone and Mclean (1992, 2003) and the theory of relation benefits by Gwinner et al. to (1998) explore which factors will influence consumers’ satisfaction and the intention of repurchasing. In addition to, we add a construct of “playfulness” in this research. In this study, the questionnaire survey was used to collect data, 288 questionnaires were recovered, and used the partial least squares method (partial least squares; PLS) model to analysis and hypothesis test. The results indicate: there are different results between members who had participated in group-buy and members who had not participated in group-buy. Therefore, it is necessary that provide different kinds of managements and interaction for different members. According to the findings of this study can provide the operation and management of reference as to the site's management.

碩士
國防大學中正理工學院
應用化學碩士班
99
In recent years, it could prepare homogeneous microsphere by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization method,it has been common, micron-level of the microspheres have good not only uniformity but also dispersion. .The experimental procedure is simple and it not need to remove the emulsifier, By using emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization based on potassium persulfate (KPS)/ (2,2 "-Azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, V50)/water (DI Water) system could synthesis of uniform particle size microspheres, in addition , the quantitative functional groups of polymer microspheres, by means of it can precipitated nano metals by functional groups of polymer microspheres . Different molar concentration ratio of initiators and particle size, reaction temperature , the type of metal ions,. Compare with the different state of deposited metals on the microsphere, the difference of its metal content, and from the data analysis to understand the precipitation efficiency. Among SEM images, in a single or double initiator of microspheres made of polymer, its has uniform particle size distribution, and particle size of about 100 ~ 500 nm, form TEM image know that precious metals can be precipitation on the dual functional groups of polystyrene microsphere surface, their precious metal content of about 550ppm, and the noble metal nano-particle size of about 5 nm or so, and the result of each of the PS spheres have about 2.7 × 109 sulfate ions. This nano-composite spheres of its application is very wide, it will be applied to wastewater recycling precious metals, catalysts, sterilization, microwave absorption, conductivity, optical materials, ink, photonic crystals, and other applications in the future with high development.

The researcher investigated the management of multi-grade teaching for optimal learning in Gauteng West primary schools. Ten participants, including school principals, heads of departments and educators participated in individual and focus group interviews and in observation of multi-grade classroom contexts. Findings revealed that educators involved in multi-grade teaching feel overwhelmed by challenging work conditions pertaining to large learner numbers and a lack of adequate didactical resources. This is exacerbated by a lack of professional development by means of tailor-made training for multi-grade teaching and the presumption that educators teaching such classes must merely change the monograde teaching format of the curriculum themselves for applicable implementation in a multi-grade teaching context. This leaves educators socially, emotionally and professionally isolated. Recommendations include the involvement of seasoned educators with expert knowledge and experience of multi-grade teaching to present training sessions constituting advice and support to inexperienced educators involved in said teaching.
Die navorser het die bestuur van meergraadonderrig by laerskole in Wes-Gauteng vir optimale leer ondersoek. Afgesien van individuele en fokusgroeponderhoude met skoolhoofde, departementshoofde en opvoeders, is waarneming in meergraadklaskamers gedoen. Volgens die bevindings bemoeilik groot klasse en ʼn gebrek aan didaktiese hulpmiddels meergraadopvoeders se taak. Meergraadopvoeders voel hulle geensins opgewasse teen hierdie werksomstandighede nie. ʼn Gebrek aan opleiding in meergraadonderrig en die veronderstelling dat opvoeders die eengraadformaat van die kurrikulum in ʼn meergraadformaat kan omskakel, vererger sake. Opvoeders is van mening dat hulle maatskaplik, emosioneel en professioneel in die steek gelaat word. Daar word aanbeveel dat gesoute opvoeders met kennis van en ervaring in meergraadonderrig onervare opvoeders oplei en adviseer.
Monyakisisi o dirile dinyakisiso ka ga go ruta dikereiti tse fapanego go fihlelela bokgoni le tsebo tikologong ya go thekga dinyakwa tsa baithuti dikolong tsa phoraemari go la Gauteng Bodikela. Batseakarolo ba lesome, go akaretswa dihlogo tsa dikolo, dihlogo tsa dikgoro le barutisi ba tseere karolo ditherisanong ka botee le dihlopha tseo di nepisitswego gape le temogo dikemong tsa diphaposi tsa dikereiti tse di fapanego. Dikhwetso di utollotse gore barutisi bao ba rutago dikereiti tse fapanego ba imelwa ke maemo a modiro wo o nyakago gore ba ntshe bokgoni bja bona ka moka ka lebaka la dipalo tse ntsi tsa baithuti le tlhokego ya dithusi tsa thuto tse di lekanego. Se se thatafiswa ke tlhokego ya tlhabollo ya profesene ye ka go fa tlhahlo yeo e lebanego ya go ruta dikreiti tse fapanego le kgopolo ya go re barutisi bao ba rutago ba swanela go no fetola popego ya lenaneothuto la kereiti e tee ka bobona go re ba le dirise kemong ya go ruta dikereiti tse fapanego. Se se dira gore barutisi ba ikhwetse ba se na kgokagano le setshaba leagong, ba hloka bao ba ka llelago go bona le go se be le bao ba nago le kgahlego go profesene ya bona. Ditshisinyo di akaretsa go ba gona ga barutisi bao e lego kgale ba ruta ba nago le maitemogelo le botsebi go ruta dikereiti tse fapanego go hlagisa dipaka tsa tlhahlo tseo di fago maele le thuso go barutisi bao ba se nago maitemogelo.
Educational Management and Leadership
M. Ed. (Education Management)