Journal articles: 'Native thought'

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Maithufi, Sope. "just a thought on reclaiming our native tongues." English Academy Review 29, no. 1 (May 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131752.2012.677143.

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Dalrymple, Andrew J., James J. O'doherty, and Karin M. Nietschei. "Comparative Analysis of Native Admissions and Registrations to Northwestern Ontario Treatment Facilities: Hospital and Community Sectors." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 8 (October 1995): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000807.

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Objective To study Native and non-Native admissions to acute psychiatric care in the northwestern region of Ontario in 1992. Method To replicate a 1986 to 1987 study comparing Native to non-Native admissions to acute psychiatric care in the northwestern region of Ontario in 1992 and examine Native registrations to community mental health agencies in the first 6 months of 1993. Results The comparative analysis of hospital admissions revealed that: Natives are still being admitted at 33% more than the rate expected on the basis of population; depression appears to be underdiagnosed for Natives; they continue to be admitted mainly for reasons other than major psychiatric conditions; substance abuse and forensic history are commonly involved; they stay in hospital for twice as long as their non-Native control; they more often come from rural settings; and they are less likely to be followed by the outpatient service and more likely to be followed by the criminal justice system. The examination of registrations to community mental health agencies revealed that: the same overrepresentation of Natives; mood- and thought-presenting problems of Natives in this sector were identical to non-Natives; and their length of stay was similar. The psychiatric hospital appears to be providing acute care treatment, not for the serious psychiatric illnesses for which it is mandated, but for atypical admissions that result from economic, social and cultural dislocation. There may be under diagnosis of atypical depression in the Native hospitalized population. When asked what they are being treated for the diagnostic profile of Natives and non-Natives is identical on mood and thought dimensions. Conclusion No appreciable change has occurred over the 5 years in the way hospital psychiatric services are used by Natives. Cultural stereotypes may be influencing the diagnosis of Natives in inappropriate ways. Enhancing Native control of treatment programs and community development may provide a partial solution. Properly mandated and accountable community agencies (both generic- and culture-specific) will help reduce unnecessary hospitalization.

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Nadolske, Marie A. "Patterns of Variation in ASL Semantic Classifiers: Native and nonnative VEHICLE handshapes." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.513.

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This study examines handshape use in the American Sign Language Semantic “Classifier” VEHICLE. Elicited narratives from three adult populations (Deaf native, hearing native, and hearing nonnative) were analyzed to assess the allowable variation within group and across groups. While all groups displayed variation, Deaf natives produced the least amount, hearing natives produced more, and hearing nonnatives produced the most. While degree of nativeness was important, additional motivations for variation included articulation pressures, discourse factors, and vehicle type. These findings expand our understanding of systematic variation to a portion of ASL’s lexicon previously thought to contain little or no possible variation.

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Grundy, Peter. "ELF, ACA:DEMIC WRITING, AND THE SEMANTICIZATION OF THOUGHT." Discourse and Interaction 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2013-1-25.

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This paper takes the view that varieties of writing represent agreed ways of mediating content that are recognized by discourse communities such as the academy who constitute their expectable readerships. These mediations make use of language-specifi c default affordances that are not only syntactic but also pragmatic and represent thinking for speaking categories (Slobin 1996) which, I argue, have greater explanatory power than the more abstract concept of virtual English (Seidlhofer 2011). In this context, I make a few preliminary comments on what appear to be the pragmatic affordances identifi able in parallel English texts generated by two native Chinese and a native English student writer faced with the same academic task, and make some consequent observations about teaching academic writing.

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Halpin, Marjorie M., and Aldona Jonaitis. "A Wealth of Thought: Franz Boas on Native American Art." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034381.

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Kapoor, Dip. "Book Review: Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought." Adult Education Quarterly 56, no. 2 (February 2006): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741713605283435.

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Hirsch, Alexander Keller. "Agonism and Hope in William Apess’s Native American Political Thought." New Political Science 39, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2017.1339414.

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Lowery, Christine T., and Mark A. Mattaini. "The Science of Sharing Power: Native American Thought and Behavior Analysis." Behavior and Social Issues 9, no. 1-2 (May 1999): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v9i1.139.

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Boxell, Oliver, Claudia Felser, and Ian Cunnings. "Antecedent contained deletions in native and non-native sentence processing." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, no. 5 (June 24, 2016): 554–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15006.box.

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Abstract We report the results from an eye-movement monitoring study investigating native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers’ real-time processing of antecedent-contained deletion (ACD), a type of verb phrase ellipsis in which the ellipsis gap forms part of its own antecedent. The resulting interpretation problem is traditionally thought to be solved by quantifier raising, a covert scope-shifting operation that serves to remove the gap from within its antecedent. Our L2 group comprised advanced, native German-speaking L2 learners of English. The analysis of the eye-movement data showed that both L1 and L2 English speakers tried to recover the missing verb phrase after encountering the gap. Only the native speakers showed evidence of ellipsis resolution being affected by quantification, however. No effects of quantification following gap detection were found in the L2 group, by contrast, indicating that recovery of the elided material was accomplished independently from the object’s quantificational status in this group.

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Caputi, Jane. "The Heart of Knowledge: Nuclear Themes in Native American Thought and Literature." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 16, no. 4 (January 1, 1992): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.16.4.3x187237723268q2.

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Corenblum, B., R. C. Annis, and J. S. Tanaka. "Influence of Cognitive Development, Self-competency, and Teacher Evaluations on the Development of Children’s Racial Identity." International Journal of Behavioral Development 20, no. 2 (February 1997): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597385333.

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Levels of cognitive development and perceived self-competencies have been shown to predict attitudes held by children in both minority and majority groups toward own-group members. Teacher appraisals may also influence children’s own-group attitudes by enforcing category-based expectancies and stereotypes about children’s group membership. To test this idea, White and Native Indian children in kindergarten, grades 1 and 2, answered recognition, similarity, and evaluation questions by pointing to pictures of Whites, Natives, and Blacks. Measures of children’s concrete operational thought and self-competency were obtained, as were classroom teacher ratings, of each child’s cognitive ability, peer acceptance, and physical development. Structural equation models indicated that teacher evaluations predicted White children’s, but not Native children’s own-group attitudes. Teacher ratings of Native children’s competencies did not predict minority children’s attitudes about themselves or own-group members. Implications of these findings for teacher expectancy effects and factors influencing teacher’s judgements of majority and minority group children were discussed.

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Mooney, Edward F. "The Primal Roots of American Philosophy: Pragmatism, Phenomenology, and Native American Thought (review)." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 16, no. 4 (2002): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2003.0015.

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Rajagopala, Kanavillil. "The emergence of the native speaker. A chapter in nineteenth century linguistic thought." WORD 61, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2015.1110387.

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温, 若均. "How to Rebuild the Native Land—On Fei Xiaotong’s Thought of Local Reconstruction." Advances in Social Sciences 08, no. 08 (2019): 1389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2019.88190.

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Schultz, Katie, Karina L. Walters, Ramona Beltran, Sandy Stroud, and Michelle Johnson-Jennings. "“I'm stronger than I thought”: Native women reconnecting to body, health, and place." Health & Place 40 (July 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.05.001.

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Dickason, Olive Patricia. "Campaigns to Capture Young Minds: A Look at Early Attempts in Colonial Mexico and New France to Remold Amerindians." Historical Papers 22, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030964ar.

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Abstract Both French and Spanish authorities saw the education of Amerindians as an essential tool in assimilating them to European ways. Both groups thought that the natives were either uneducated, and therefore clean slates for new teachings, or else sufficiently capable of understanding the superiority of foreign ways. In either case, education was the necessary vehicle for turning the natives towards European habits and norms of behaviour. The approach of each group was different. The Spanish, through the Franciscans, were able to take over an existing system, altering it to suit their own needs. They therefore devised a sophisticated system of institutions quickly, establishing a college by 1536. These efforts enjoyed a huge initial success, largely because the natives in their defeat experienced little difficulty in substituting one set of authority figures for another set already found wanting. The French were not conquerers, and did not face a native society in crisis, as had the Spanish. The French Franciscan friars also initiated christianizing education quickly after first settlement, but the Jesuits superceded them within two decades. The natives agreed to their ministrations because the French made it a condition of trade. Huron society differed radically from that of the Mexico, in its egalitarian structure and flexible institutions. The Huron, an unconquered people in a transitional phase of social and economic life, treated the missionaries as guests and often dictated the conditions of contact. In spite of quite different circumstances, the educational efforts of both groups seem to have reached a similar conclusion: native groups were neither as maleable nor as easy to assimilate as the Europeans had thought.

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White, Theresa L., Caitlin M. Cunningham, and Mary L. Zampini. "Is That “Mr.” or “Ms.” Lemon? An Investigation of Grammatical and Semantic Gender on the Perception of Household Odorants." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101313.

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Linguistic relativism is the idea that the structure of language influences thought. The present study investigates linguistic relativism by asking whether people who speak a gendered language think of objects in a way that is consistent with the grammatical gender (more masculine or feminine) more than people who speak a language without that linguistic feature. Odorants are unique stimuli for examining this question, because they carry a semantic gender without a biological one, yet gender is thought to be a central dimension of their perception. Canadian participants in the present study (native French or native English speakers) described a set of labeled odorants that varied systematically in grammatical and semantic gender to produce an implicit gender measure and also explicitly rated them for gender. Analysis of the implicit femininity contained in participants’ descriptions showed a tendency for both native French and native English speakers to produce descriptions that were consistent with semantic gender; moreover, there were no effects of grammatical gender on implicit or explicit ratings. These results suggest that in a bilingual culture, French speakers may have been influenced by the anthropomorphism associated with odorants rather than grammatical gender.

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Ferrigno, Stephen, Samuel J. Cheyette, Steven T. Piantadosi, and Jessica F. Cantlon. "Recursive sequence generation in monkeys, children, U.S. adults, and native Amazonians." Science Advances 6, no. 26 (June 2020): eaaz1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1002.

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The question of what computational capacities, if any, differ between humans and nonhuman animals has been at the core of foundational debates in cognitive psychology, anthropology, linguistics, and animal behavior. The capacity to form nested hierarchical representations is hypothesized to be essential to uniquely human thought, but its origins in evolution, development, and culture are controversial. We used a nonlinguistic sequence generation task to test whether subjects generalize sequential groupings of items to a center-embedded, recursive structure. Children (3 to 5 years old), U.S. adults, and adults from a Bolivian indigenous group spontaneously induced recursive structures from ambiguous training data. In contrast, monkeys did so only with additional exposure. We quantify these patterns using a Bayesian mixture model over logically possible strategies. Our results show that recursive hierarchical strategies are robust in human thought, both early in development and across cultures, but the capacity itself is not unique to humans.

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Chisholm, J. A., and P. D. Bristowe. "Simulations of Defect-Interface Interactions in GaN." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 5, S1 (2000): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300004403.

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We report on the interaction of native point defects with commonly observed planar defects in GaN. Using a pair potential model we find a positive binding energy for all native defects to the three boundary structures investigated indicating a preference for native defects to form in these interfaces. The binding energy is highest for the Ga interstitial and lowest for vacancies. Interstitials, which are not thought to occur in significant concentrations in bulk GaN, should form in the (11 0) IDB and the (10 0) SMB and consequently alter the electronic structure of these boundaries.

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Almutairi, Mohammad. "A Plea for Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language Through Its Native Speakers’ Culture." International Journal of English Linguistics 11, no. 1 (November 16, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v11n1p93.

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This study aims to narratively investigate the rationale of the first school of thought that supports and pushes towards introducing native speakers’ culture in the English language curriculum. It presents the researchers’ arguments and justifications for this belief and its promotion. It also discusses their findings and the results from the empirical studies that they have conducted in different countries, which support their school of thought.

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Derivry-Plard, Martine. "The emergence of the English native speaker: a chapter in nineteenth-century linguistic thought." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 36, no. 5 (November 6, 2014): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2014.973286.

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Cook, Kealani. "Ke Ao a me Ka Pō: Postmillennial Thought and Native Hawaiian Foreign Mission Work." American Quarterly 67, no. 3 (2015): 887–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2015.0049.

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Willoughby, Christopher D. "“His Native, Hot Country”1: Racial Science and Environment in Antebellum American Medical Thought." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 72, no. 3 (June 16, 2017): 328–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrx003.

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Shostak, O. G. "LITERARY NATIONALISM IN NATIVE AMERICAN CRITICAL THOUGHT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY." Lviv Philological Journal 5 (2019): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/2663-340x-2019-5-29.

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Flanagan, Brendan, and Sachio Hirokawa. "An Automatic Method to Extract Online Foreign Language Learner Writing Error Characteristics." International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 16, no. 4 (October 2018): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2018100102.

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This article contends that the profile of a foreign language learner can contain valuable information about possible problems they will face during the learning process, and could be used to help personalize feedback. A particularly important attribute of a foreign language learner is their native language background as it defines their known language knowledge. Native language identification serves two purposes: to classify a learners' unknown native language; and to identify characteristic features of native language groups that can be analyzed to generate tailored feedback. Fundamentally, this problem can be thought of as the process of identifying characteristic features that represent the application of a learner's native language knowledge in the use of the language that they are learning. In this article, the authors approach the problem of identifying characteristic differences and the classification of native languages from the perspective of 15 automatically predicted writing errors by online language learners.

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Williams, Dana M. "Where’s the Honor? Attitudes Toward the “Fighting Sioux” Nickname and Logo." Sociology of Sport Journal 24, no. 4 (December 2007): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.24.4.437.

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The purpose of this research was to explore support for Native American sports nicknames. A survey of students at the University of North Dakota, a school with substantial Native student enrollment, was conducted to determine support or opposition to the school’s “Fighting Sioux” nickname and logo. A majority of Native American and a minority of White students thought that the nickname conveyed disrespect and argued for change. Although the study was situated within Bonilla-Silva’s theory of “new racism,” the results indicated that a frame of color-blind racism provided an inadequate explanation of attitudes toward these nicknames.

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Verhoeven, Michael R., Wesley J. Glisson, and Daniel J. Larkin. "Niche Models Differentiate Potential Impacts of Two Aquatic Invasive Plant Species on Native Macrophytes." Diversity 12, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040162.

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Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) and Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) are widely thought to competitively displace native macrophytes in North America. However, their perceived competitive superiority has not been comprehensively evaluated. Coexistence theory suggests that invader displacement of native species through competitive exclusion is most likely where high niche overlap results in competition for limiting resources. Thus, evaluation of niche similarity can serve as a starting point for predicting the likelihood of invaders having direct competitive impacts on resident species. Across two environmental gradients structuring macrophyte communities—water depth and light availability—both P. crispus and M. spicatum are thought to occupy broad niches. For a third dimension, phenology, the annual growth cycle of M. spicatum is typical of other species, whereas the winter-ephemeral phenology of P. crispus may impart greater niche differentiation and thus lower risk of native species being competitively excluded. Using an unprecedented dataset comprising 3404 plant surveys from Minnesota collected using a common protocol, we modeled niches of 34 species using a probabilistic niche framework. Across each niche dimension, P. crispus had lower overlap with native species than did M. spicatum; this was driven in particular by its distinct phenology. These results suggest that patterns of dominance seen in P. crispus and M. spicatum have likely arisen through different mechanisms, and that direct competition with native species is less likely for P. crispus than M. spicatum. This research highlights the utility of fine-scale, abundance-based niche models for predicting invader impacts.

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Whidden, Troy L. "THE FIDELITY OF COMMERCIALLY REARED COLONIES OF BOMBUS IMPATIENS CRESSON (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) TO LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY IN SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 5 (October 1996): 957–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent128957-5.

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Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., V. myrtilloides Michx.) growers often use colonies of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) to supplement native bee populations for pollination. Native bee fauna is thought to be insufficient in number and too unpredictable, in terms of numbers, from year to year to be relied on for adequate crop pollination (Kevan and LaBerge 1978; Mackenzie and Winston 1984; Mohr and Kevan 1987; Kevan 1988; Eck 1988).

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O’Brien, John W., and Russell M. Barabe. "Status and distribution of Arroyo Chub within its native range." California Fish and Wildlife Journal 108, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.108.5.

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The Arroyo Chub (Gila orcutti) is a small cyprinid native to coastal drainages of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties. We surveyed the seven drainages historically known to support the species in 2012-2014 and again in 2019 to determine current range and distribution. We compared our results to the most recent species account we could locate (1993). We detected Arroyo Chub in 18 of the 40 streams (45%) and within six of the seven native watersheds in our 2012-2014 surveys, while our 2019 surveys located fish in all of the seven native watersheds. This native species has retreated to the headwaters in most watersheds and the number of populations have declined since the most recent species account. Non-native species, habitat loss, urbanization, water development, flood control, and drought are thought to be the primary causes of this decline.

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Wikström, Jussi. "An acoustic study of the RP English LOT and THOUGHT vowels." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43, no. 1 (April 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100312000345.

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While there is variation among existing impressionistic accounts where the description of the RP English LOT and THOUGHT vowels is concerned (compare Wells 1982 (vol. I), Collins & Mees 2003, Roach 2004, Cruttenden 2008), not much attention has been paid to this issue in acoustic studies of RP (e.g. Wells 1962, Deterding 1990, Hawkins & Midgley 2005). In the present study, seven female native speakers of RP or near-RP born between 1985 and 1993 (i.e. speakers aged between 18 and 25 years at the time of the study) were recorded saying English words containing monophthongal vowels. In addition, data consisting of read speech from 18 male native speakers of RP or near-RP born between 1983 and 1991 (i.e. speakers aged between 18 and 25 years at the time they were recorded) contained in the DyViS database (Nolan et al. 2009) were analysed. The data were analysed acoustically by measuring F1 and F2 and normalising the measurements according to Lobanov's (1971) formula along with the mean F1 and F2 frequencies reported in Wells (1962), Deterding (1990) and Hawkins & Midgley (2005). Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the F1 formant measurements of the seven female speakers and the 18 male speakers versus Hawkins & Midgley's speakers born between 1946 and 1951; mean F1 was higher for the speakers born between 1946 and 1951. As for the THOUGHT vowel, the F1 measurements overlapped with the means relating to all different age groups in Hawkins & Midgley's (2005) data. It is suggested that RP LOT is undergoing raising whereas there is no strong evidence of any shift of the THOUGHT vowel.

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Kyle, Richard. "John Knox's Concept of Divine Providence and its Influence on His Thought." Albion 18, no. 3 (1986): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049981.

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An important aspect of John Knox's thought is his concept of divine providence. Closely related to and partially dependent on his notion of providence are the reformer's ideas on God, history, politics, and predestination. Knox did not, however, write a specific tract on divine providence. In fact, he denied being a speculative “theologian” and regarded himself as a preacher, being called “to blow my master's trumpet,” rather than “to compose books for the age to come….” Consequently, he did not approach the subject systematically. For example, Knox did not, as John Calvin had done, logically relate the subjects of creation and providence. In fact, the Scottish reformer seldom spoke of God's act of creation. Despite this nonsystematic approach, Knox did have a doctrine of divine providence, even if at times it was implicit rather than explicit. As a result, his concept of providence must be derived piecemeal from his historical, polemical, and pastoral writings.What then is the value of studying the concept of providence in the thought of a reformer who did not think systematically? First, such a study will demonstrate that a coherent conception of the nature of divine providence can be found in Knox's writings, though not expounded in a single treatise. Second, his thoughts on this subject have not been the object of an extensive scholarly investigation, either by historians or theologians. Third, Knox's concept of providence had a practical and motivational significance for both the reformer's thought and actions, thus revealing more about Knox the man, his mission, his motivation, and worldview. His great objective was the reformation of religion, particularly in his native Scotland.

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Sheppard, Christine S., and Marco R. Brendel. "Competitive ability of native and alien plants: effects of residence time and invasion status." NeoBiota 65 (May 25, 2021): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.63179.

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Competition is commonly thought to underlie the impact of plant invasions. However, competitive effects of aliens and competitive response of natives may also change over time. Indeed, as with time, the novelty of an invader decreases, the accumulated eco-evolutionary experience of resident species may eventually limit invasion success. We aimed to gain insights on whether directional changes in biotic interactions over time or more general differences between natives and aliens, for instance, resulting from an introduction bias, are relevant in determining competitive ability. We conducted a pairwise competition experiment in a target-neighbour design, using 47 Asteraceae species with residence times between 8 years-12,000 years in Germany. We first tested whether there are differences in performance in intraspecific competition amongst invasion status groups, that is casual and established neophytes, archaeophytes or native species. We then evaluated whether competitive response and effects depend on residence time or invasion status. Lastly, we assessed whether competitive effects influence range sizes. We found only limited evidence that native target species tolerate neighbours with longer potential co-existence times better, whereas differences in competitive ability were mostly better explained by invasion status than residence time. Although casual neophytes produced most biomass in intraspecific competition, they had the weakest per-capita competitive effects on natives. Notably, we did not find differences between established neophytes and natives, both of which ranked highest in interspecific competitive ability. This lack of differences might be explained by a biased selection of highly invasive or rare native species in previous studies or because invasion success may result from mechanisms other than interspecific competitive superiority. Accordingly, interspecific per-capita competitive effects did not influence range sizes. Further studies across a broader range of environmental conditions, involving other biotic interactions that indirectly influence plant-plant interactions, may clarify when eco-evolutionary adaptations to new invaders are a relevant mechanism.

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Heather J. Shotton. "“I Thought You'd Call Her White Feather”: Native Women and Racial Microaggressions in Doctoral Education." Journal of American Indian Education 56, no. 1 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/jamerindieduc.56.1.0032.

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Everett, Caleb. "Is native quantitative thought concretized in linguistically privileged ways? A look at the global picture." Cognitive Neuropsychology 37, no. 5-6 (September 20, 2019): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2019.1668368.

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Higby, Eve, Seamus Donnelly, Jungmee Yoon, and Loraine K. Obler. "The effect of second-language vocabulary on word retrieval in the native language." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 812–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672891900049x.

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AbstractWhen bilinguals produce words in one language, their translation equivalents in the other language are thought to be activated as well. A common assumption is that this parallel co-activation produces interference, which slows down word retrieval. The current study aimed to evaluate the assumption of lexical interference during word retrieval by testing whether late Portuguese–English bilinguals were slower to name pictures in their native language when they knew the word in their second language compared to when they only knew the native language label. Instead of interfering with production, knowing the second-language label facilitated speed of word retrieval in the native language for both cognate and non-cognate translation-equivalent pairs. We suggest that using the second language may provide an indirect frequency boost for translation-equivalent words in the native language. This frequency boost has both long-term and short-term effects, strengthening connections to native-language labels when the translation equivalent is retrieved.

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Derivry-Plard, Martine. "Symbolic power and the native/non-native dichotomy: Towards a new professional legitimacy." Applied Linguistics Review 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2016-0019.

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AbstractBased on the research literature of the “native/non-native” distinction and on Bourdieu’s notion of field and social action, this paper proposes to use the specific case of foreign language (FL) teaching in the French educational system to conceptualize the FL teaching field as a highly contested space where unequal actors vie for symbolic power and influence. The FL teaching field is organised into two large spaces: one representing state school educational systems, the other representing private language schools. Symbolic power and teaching legitimacies have been jointly constructed giving more power and legitimacy to non-native teachers in state school settings, and more power and legitimacy to native teachers in private language schools. Universities occupy a middle position between the educational settings of the national education systems and the private settings of language schools: the teaching of language to future specialists is still in the hands of non-native speaker teachers whereas the teaching of language to non-language specialists seems more open to native speaker teachers. The “native/non-native” opposition that linguists thought to be relevant linguistically might no longer be a linguistic concept (Paikeday 1985; Davies 1991; Rampton 1990; Cook 1999; Muni Toke 2013), but, as a social construct, this opposition is still very much alive. It serves to design language policies within which actors-teachers of foreign and second languages confront one another. Due to the global deregulation of educational settings, language actors-teachers are therefore put into a highly competitive market: both native and non-native language teachers struggle to be recognized, and essentialist or even racist attitudes have developed into what Holliday (2006) calls “nativespeakerism”. Understanding the structure of the language teaching field worldwide makes it possible to clarify the power struggle and symbolic violence within the field, whose goals and values are paradoxically aimed at mutual understanding through language teaching and cultural mediation – and even more so in the age of multilingualism.

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Frank, Steven D., Kristi M. Backe, Casey McDaniel, Matthew Green, Sarah Widney, and Robert R. Dunn. "Exotic urban trees conserve similar natural enemy communities to native congeners but have fewer pests." PeerJ 7 (March 7, 2019): e6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6531.

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Urban trees serve a critical conservation function by supporting arthropod and vertebrate communities but are often subject to arthropod pest infestations. Native trees are thought to support richer arthropod communities than exotic trees but may also be more susceptible to herbivorous pests. Exotic trees may be less susceptible to herbivores but provide less conservation value as a consequence. We tested the hypotheses that native species in Acer and Quercus would have more herbivorous pests than exotic congeners and different communities of arthropod natural enemies. The density of scale insects, common urban tree pests, was greatest on a native Acer and a native Quercus than exotic congeners in both years of our research (2012 and 2016) and sometimes reached damaging levels. However, differences in predator and parasitoid abundance, diversity, and communities were not consistent between native and exotic species in either genus and were generally similar. For example, in 2012 neither predator nor parasitoid abundance differed among native and exotic Acer congeners but in 2016 a native species, A. saccharum, had the least of both groups. A native, Q. phellos, had significantly more predators and parasitoids in 2012 than its native and exotic congeners but no differences in 2016. Parasitoid communities were significantly different among Acer species and Quercus species due in each case to greater abundance of a single family on one native tree species. These native and exotic tree species could help conserve arthropod natural enemies and achieve pest management goals.

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Ryan, Sean O., Jason A. Bonomo, Fan Zhao, and Brian A. Cobb. "MHCII glycosylation modulates Bacteroides fragilis carbohydrate antigen presentation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 208, no. 5 (April 18, 2011): 1041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20100508.

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N-linked glycans are thought to protect class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (MHCII) from proteolytic cleavage and assist in arranging proteins within the immune synapse, but were not thought to directly participate in antigen presentation. Here, we report that antigen-presenting cells (APCs) lacking native complex N-glycans showed reduced MHCII binding and presentation of the T cell activating glycoantigen (GlyAg) polysaccharide A from Bacteroides fragilis but not conventional peptides. APCs lacking native N-glycans also failed to mediate GlyAg-driven T cell activation but activated T cells normally with protein antigen. Mice treated with the mannosidase inhibitor kifunensine to prevent the formation of complex N-glycans were unable to expand GlyAg-specific T cells in vivo upon immunization, yet adoptive transfer of normally glycosylated APCs into these animals overcame this defect. Our findings reveal that MHCII N-glycosylation directly impacts binding and presentation of at least one class of T cell–dependent antigen.

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Bley-Vroman, Robert W., Sascha W. Felix, and Georgette L. loup. "The accessibility of Universal Grammar in adult language learning." Interlanguage studies bulletin (Utrecht) 4, no. 1 (June 1988): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765838800400101.

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This paper investigates whether Universal Grammar (UG) is accessible to adult language learners. If adult acquirers have consistent access to intuitions of grammaticality in cases where the relevant constraints are underdetermined by the native language, this suggests that Universal Grammar continues to function in adult acquisition. Advanced Korean adult acquirers of English were given a test of grammaticality judgements on English wh-movement sentences, where the relevant constraints are thought to derive from principles of UG. Since Korean does not have syntactic wh-movement, correct intuitions cannot derive from native language transfer. Analysis of the results and comparison with native speaker results suggests a complex picture of the function of UG in adult language acquisition; however, clear UG effects were found.

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Ortega-Santos, Iván, Lara Reglero, and Jon Andoni Franco Elorza. "Wh-Islands in L2 Spanish and L2 English: A Poverty of the Stimulus and Data Assessment." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 126 (December 21, 2018): 435–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv126.7.

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This paper sheds light on the acquisition of wh-islands in L2 English spoken by native speakers of Spanish and L2 Spanish spoken by native speakers of English as well as on the distribution of wh-islands in L1 Spanish. A grammaticality judgment task with a 7-point Likert scale provides evidence that wh-island effects are present in L1 and L2 Spanish as well as L1 and L2 English. The L1 Spanish facts challenge the received view of wh-islands in this language, in keeping with recent developments which show that islands are more widely attested across languages than previously thought. These facts also highlight the dialogue between L2 research and replication studies thanks to the use of native control groups.

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Salter, Denis. "On Native Ground: Canadian Theatre Historiography and the Postmodernism / Postcolonialism Axis." Theatre Research in Canada 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.13.1.134.

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This position-paper suggests that both postmodernist and postcolonial thought have been playing a significant-although radically incommensurate and unacknowledged-role in the postwar formation of English-Canadian theatre historiography. Inspired by two ground-breaking collections: The Empire Writes Back, by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin (London: Routledge 1989) and After Europe, eds. Stephen Slemon and Helen Tiffin (Sydney: Dangaroo Press 1989), it concludes with a modest manifesto of eight issues which together define one kind of postcolonial theoretical model for the (re)writing of English-Canadian theatre history.

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Kirch, Patrick V. "Temple Sites in Kahikinui, Maui, Hawaiian Islands: their orientations decoded." Antiquity 78, no. 299 (March 2004): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00092966.

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Hawaiian temple sites of the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries have diverse orientations previously thought to be random. Using precise measurements and nineteenth-century native Hawaiian sources, the author shows that the temples cluster into groups whose orientation was deliberate and likely to relate to a particular god.

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Awayda, Mouhamed S., Abderrahmane Bengrine, Nelia A. Tobey, James D. Stockand, and Roy C. Orlando. "Nonselective cation transport in native esophageal epithelia." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 2 (August 2004): C395—C402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00412.2003.

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Rabbit esophageal epithelia actively transport Na+ in a manner similar to that observed in classic electrically tight Na+-absorbing epithelia, such as frog skin. However, the nature of the apical entry step is poorly understood. To address this issue, we examined the electrophysiological and biochemical nature of this channel. Western blotting experiments with epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunit-specific antibodies revealed the presence of all three ENaC subunits in both native and immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. The amino acid sequence of the rabbit α-ENaC cloned from native rabbit esophageal epithelia was not significantly different from that of other published α-ENaC homologs. To characterize the electrophysiological properties of this native apical channel, we utilized nystatin permeabilization to eliminate the electrical contribution of the basolateral membrane in isolated native epithelia mounted in Ussing-type chambers. We find that the previously described apical Na+ channel is nonselective for monovalent cations (Li+, Na+, and K+). Moreover, this channel was not blocked by millimolar concentrations of amiloride. These findings document the presence of a nonselective cation channel in a native Na+ transporting epithelia, a finding that hereto has been thought to be limited to artificial culture conditions. Moreover, our data are consistent with a potential role of ENaC subunits in the formation of a native nonselective cation channel.

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Bell, Chris. "Collaborating with(in) the Garden: Stewardship, Performance, and Thinking Beyond the Spatio-Temporal Formations of Institutional Legacies." Performance Philosophy 6, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2021.62327.

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What might it mean to conceptualize stewardship as a multi-species performance that contests the spatio-temporal boundaries of institutions? The proposed paper focuses on the Native American Medicine Garden (NAMG) on the University of Minnesota campus and the stewardship of Cânté Sütá (Oglala Lakota), paying specific attention to the role of plants in a distinctly Lakota-led initiative. I consider the NAMG as an undercommons, a generative site to challenge conformist settler logics governing land use (i.e., Morrill Act) and to envision not-yet thought modes of co-existence. I think from the garden to consider the relationship between stewardship and performance, arguing that the NAMG - as a pedagogical space of possibility - expands how and for whom coaltions are built. The NAMG sets the conditions for resistance by entities that likely would be identified as auxiliary or inert within settler-colonial notions of land-use, inviting non-native participants to approach the formation of plants not as an object of analysis, but as co-constituting philosophical thoughts and possibilities for existence.

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Abbey, Ruth. "How to Live Together in Difference: Redhead on Taylor." Review of Politics 77, no. 4 (2015): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670515000650.

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Mark Redhead's first book, Charles Taylor: Living and Thinking Deep Diversity, offers an in-depth study of Taylor's political thought which insists, rightly in my view, on the close connection between that political thought on the one hand and Taylor's political context and activism in his native Quebec on the other. In this new book, it is both reassuring and instructive to witness someone with Redhead's deep and long knowledge of Taylor incorporate his more recent work, A Secular Age, into a discussion of the themes of Taylor's corpus more generally.

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Hughes, Kevin A., Jennifer E. Lee, Megumu Tsujimoto, Satoshi Imura, Dana M. Bergstrom, Chris Ware, Marc Lebouvier, et al. "Food for thought: Risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce." Biological Conservation 144, no. 5 (May 2011): 1682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.001.

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Linn, Andrew R. "The Emergence of the English Native Speaker: A chapter in nineteenthcentury linguistic thought. By Stephanie Hackert." Historiographia Linguistica 41, no. 2-3 (October 30, 2014): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.2-3.10lin.

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Foran, Ian M., Vincent Hussey, Rushil A. Patel, Jaemyoung Sung, and Sameer B. Shah. "Native paraneurial tissue and paraneurial adhesions alter nerve strain distribution in rat sciatic nerves." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, no. 3 (October 12, 2017): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193417734433.

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Paraneurial adhesions have been implicated in the pathological progression of entrapment neuropathies. Surgical decompression of adhesions is often performed, with the intent of restoring nerve kinematics. The normal counterpart of adhesions, native paraneurium, is also thought to influence nerve deformation and mobility. However, influences of native or abnormal paraneurial structures on nerve kinematics have not been investigated. We measured regional strains in rat sciatic nerves before and immediately after decompression of native paraneurial tissue, and before and after decompression of abnormal paraneurial adhesions, which formed within 6 weeks of the initial decompression. Strain was significantly higher in the distal-femoral than in the mid-femoral region of the nerve before either decompression. Decompression of native and abnormal paraneurial tissue removed this regional strain difference. Paraneurial tissues appear to play a major role in distributing peripheral nerve strain. Normal nerve strain distributions may be reconstituted following decompression, even in the presence of paraneurial adhesions.

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Sasaki, Yoshinori. "Material and presentation condition effects on sentence interpretation task performance: methodological examinations of the competition experiment." Second Language Research 13, no. 1 (January 1997): 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765897666381479.

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Ten native English learners of Japanese, ten intermediate native English learners of Japanese and ten native Japanese speakers of English each were requested to report what they thought was the subject or actor of a series of English NVN word strings, in which case marking and lexical-semantics cues were systematically manipulated. These NVN strings were aurally presented first alone, and subsequently the same strings were presented for the second time together with noncanonical NNV and VNN strings. Similarly, their counterpart Japanese NNV strings were first presented alone, and secondly with noncanonical VNN and NVN strings. The results revealed that 1) a greater animacy effect (‘animacy noun as a subject’ bias) was detected when the sentence verb was see rather than eat(or each of their Japanese counterparts); 2) English accusative pronouns generally created greater case biases than nominative ones; and 3) native English speakers interpreting Japanese word strings responded differently under the two presentation conditions.

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Vania Cahyaningtyas. "An-Nida Theory According To The Perspective Of Nahwu Sibawayh Thought." (الطموحات ) EL-THUMUHAT 3, no. 1 (August 27, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/elthumuhat.2020.vol3(1).6560.

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The nahwu study cannot be separated from an important figure named Sibawayh. He is a scholarly figure who has been consensually recognized for this superiority and scientific genius, he is recommended as a reference for other scholars, especially when it comes to discussing knowledge about Arabic grammar in accordance with the rules. Although he was a native Persian who was not very good at conversing Arabic, he was a very influential expert on Arabic grammar. His effort entitled al-Kitab is the first recorded book of Arabic grammar. He has been recognized as one of the greateast linguists of all the time especially in the filed of nahwu among linguists in the world. Sibawayh contributed his thoughts about nahwu to several types in an-nida and munada according to his version. The research method used in writing this journal is a qualitative descriptive method, the writer describes munada and its types.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Native thought'

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