Relevant bibliographies by topics / Native thought

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Native thought'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 October 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Native thought"

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Maithufi, Sope. "just a thought on reclaiming our native tongues." English Academy Review 29, no. 1 (May 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131752.2012.677143.

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Dalrymple, Andrew J., James J. O'doherty, and Karin M. Nietschei. "Comparative Analysis of Native Admissions and Registrations to Northwestern Ontario Treatment Facilities: Hospital and Community Sectors." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 8 (October 1995): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000807.

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Objective To study Native and non-Native admissions to acute psychiatric care in the northwestern region of Ontario in 1992. Method To replicate a 1986 to 1987 study comparing Native to non-Native admissions to acute psychiatric care in the northwestern region of Ontario in 1992 and examine Native registrations to community mental health agencies in the first 6 months of 1993. Results The comparative analysis of hospital admissions revealed that: Natives are still being admitted at 33% more than the rate expected on the basis of population; depression appears to be underdiagnosed for Natives; they continue to be admitted mainly for reasons other than major psychiatric conditions; substance abuse and forensic history are commonly involved; they stay in hospital for twice as long as their non-Native control; they more often come from rural settings; and they are less likely to be followed by the outpatient service and more likely to be followed by the criminal justice system. The examination of registrations to community mental health agencies revealed that: the same overrepresentation of Natives; mood- and thought-presenting problems of Natives in this sector were identical to non-Natives; and their length of stay was similar. The psychiatric hospital appears to be providing acute care treatment, not for the serious psychiatric illnesses for which it is mandated, but for atypical admissions that result from economic, social and cultural dislocation. There may be under diagnosis of atypical depression in the Native hospitalized population. When asked what they are being treated for the diagnostic profile of Natives and non-Natives is identical on mood and thought dimensions. Conclusion No appreciable change has occurred over the 5 years in the way hospital psychiatric services are used by Natives. Cultural stereotypes may be influencing the diagnosis of Natives in inappropriate ways. Enhancing Native control of treatment programs and community development may provide a partial solution. Properly mandated and accountable community agencies (both generic- and culture-specific) will help reduce unnecessary hospitalization.
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Nadolske, Marie A. "Patterns of Variation in ASL Semantic Classifiers: Native and nonnative VEHICLE handshapes." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.513.

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This study examines handshape use in the American Sign Language Semantic “Classifier” VEHICLE. Elicited narratives from three adult populations (Deaf native, hearing native, and hearing nonnative) were analyzed to assess the allowable variation within group and across groups. While all groups displayed variation, Deaf natives produced the least amount, hearing natives produced more, and hearing nonnatives produced the most. While degree of nativeness was important, additional motivations for variation included articulation pressures, discourse factors, and vehicle type. These findings expand our understanding of systematic variation to a portion of ASL’s lexicon previously thought to contain little or no possible variation.
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Grundy, Peter. "ELF, ACA:DEMIC WRITING, AND THE SEMANTICIZATION OF THOUGHT." Discourse and Interaction 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2013-1-25.

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This paper takes the view that varieties of writing represent agreed ways of mediating content that are recognized by discourse communities such as the academy who constitute their expectable readerships. These mediations make use of language-specifi c default affordances that are not only syntactic but also pragmatic and represent thinking for speaking categories (Slobin 1996) which, I argue, have greater explanatory power than the more abstract concept of virtual English (Seidlhofer 2011). In this context, I make a few preliminary comments on what appear to be the pragmatic affordances identifi able in parallel English texts generated by two native Chinese and a native English student writer faced with the same academic task, and make some consequent observations about teaching academic writing.
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Halpin, Marjorie M., and Aldona Jonaitis. "A Wealth of Thought: Franz Boas on Native American Art." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034381.

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Kapoor, Dip. "Book Review: Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought." Adult Education Quarterly 56, no. 2 (February 2006): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741713605283435.

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Hirsch, Alexander Keller. "Agonism and Hope in William Apess’s Native American Political Thought." New Political Science 39, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2017.1339414.

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Lowery, Christine T., and Mark A. Mattaini. "The Science of Sharing Power: Native American Thought and Behavior Analysis." Behavior and Social Issues 9, no. 1-2 (May 1999): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v9i1.139.

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Boxell, Oliver, Claudia Felser, and Ian Cunnings. "Antecedent contained deletions in native and non-native sentence processing." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, no. 5 (June 24, 2016): 554–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15006.box.

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Abstract We report the results from an eye-movement monitoring study investigating native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers’ real-time processing of antecedent-contained deletion (ACD), a type of verb phrase ellipsis in which the ellipsis gap forms part of its own antecedent. The resulting interpretation problem is traditionally thought to be solved by quantifier raising, a covert scope-shifting operation that serves to remove the gap from within its antecedent. Our L2 group comprised advanced, native German-speaking L2 learners of English. The analysis of the eye-movement data showed that both L1 and L2 English speakers tried to recover the missing verb phrase after encountering the gap. Only the native speakers showed evidence of ellipsis resolution being affected by quantification, however. No effects of quantification following gap detection were found in the L2 group, by contrast, indicating that recovery of the elided material was accomplished independently from the object’s quantificational status in this group.
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Caputi, Jane. "The Heart of Knowledge: Nuclear Themes in Native American Thought and Literature." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 16, no. 4 (January 1, 1992): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.16.4.3x187237723268q2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Native thought"

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Basaldu, Robert Christopher. "We Should Come Together with a Good Thought: The Importance of Relationships in the Life of a Native American Church Roadman." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194009.

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As an example of personal inter-relational anthropology, this dissertation explores the nature of person hood, relationships, and affectionate adoption between relatives in the life of a Native American Church roadman, of Kiowa and Cheyenne heritage. As indigenous and Native American scholars have challenged hegemonic assumptions about indigenous communities and peoples, so too does this dissertation offer ideas and critiques from the indigenous perspective, thus reinterpreting an individualistic perception of identity with a perspective on identity based upon shared relationships. The centrality of religion, ceremony, and religious social dynamics form a context through which many of these relationships emerge, are expressed, and transform through time. This dissertation explores how relationships are created, maintained, and formed through the sharing of story, of experiences, and time. Also explored are issues of gender dynamics, gender identity, and their part in shaping family relationships. Other dynamics discussed include contemporary Native American life, economic insecurity, alcohol and substance use, humor and story telling.
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Ray, Sarah Jaquette 1976. "The ecological other: Indians, invalids, and immigrants in U.S. environmental thought and literature." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10352.

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xi, 233 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This dissertation argues that a fundamental paradox underlies U.S. environmentalism: even as it functions as a critique of dominant social and economic practices, environmentalism simultaneously reinforces many social hierarchies, especially with regard to race, immigration, and disability, despite its claims to recognize the interdependence of human and ecological well-being. This project addresses the related questions: In what ways does environmentalism--as a code of behavioral imperatives and as a set of rhetorical strategies--ironically play a role in the exploitation of land and communities? Along what lines--class, race, ability, gender, nationality, age, and even "sense of place"--do these environmental codes and discourses delineate good and bad environmental behavior? I contend that environmentalism emerged in part to help legitimize U.S. imperial ambitions and support racialized and patriarchal conceptions of national identity. Concern about "the environment" made anxieties about communities of color more palatable than overt racism. Furthermore, "environmentalism's hidden attachments" to whiteness and Manifest Destiny historically aligned the movement with other repressive ideologies, such as eugenics and strict anti-immigration. These "hidden attachments" exist today, yet few have analyzed their contemporary implications, a gap this project fills. In three chapters, I detail nineteenth-century environmentalism's influence on contemporary environmental thought. Each of these three illustrative chapters investigates a distinct category of environmentalism's "ecological others": Native Americans, people with disabilities, and undocumented immigrants. I argue that environmentalism defines these groups as "ecological others" because they are viewed as threats to nature and to the American national body politic. The first illustrative chapter analyzes Native American land claims in Leslie Marmon Silko's 1991 novel, Almanac of the Dead . The second illustrative chapter examines the importance of the fit body in environmental literature and U.S. adventure culture. In the third illustrative chapter, I integrate literary analysis with geographical theories and methods to investigate national security, wilderness protection, and undocumented immigration in the borderland. In a concluding fourth chapter, I analyze works of members of the excluded groups discussed in the first three chapters to show how they transform mainstream environmentalism to bridge social justice and ecological concerns. This dissertation contains previously published material.
Committee in charge: Shari Huhndorf, Chairperson, English; Louise Westling, Member, English; David Vazquez, Member, English; Juanita Sundberg, Member, Not from U of 0 Susan Hardwick, Outside Member, Geography
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Baraniuk, Caroline Patricia. "'as native in my thought as any here' A revisionist Re-Reading of the Life and Works of James Orr: Poet, Patriot and Ulster Scot." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500275.

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Storr, J. P. "The nature of military thought." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396517.

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FERNANDES, EMERSON. "DIALOGUE: NATURE, THOUGHT, LANGUAGE AND EXPRESSION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35896@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
Esta tese tem por objetivo apresentar o percurso genético do diálogo como uma prática discursiva oral que se tornou um gênero literário até o momento que foi utilizado como meio de expressão poético e filosófico por autores antigos. A partir da obra homérica, que foi o pilar ético, epistemológico, político e pedagógico para a organização da cultura grega, esse importante gênero tornou-se a base para a elaboração das primeiras reflexões que culminaram no surgimento do Teatro e da Filosofia na Grécia.
This thesis aims to present the genetic path of dialogue as an oral discursive practice, which has become a literary genre, up to the moment that was used as a way of poetic and philosophical expression by ancient authors. From this Homeric work, which was the ethical, epistemological, political and pedagogical pillar for the organization of Greek culture, this important genre became the basis for the elaboration of the first reflections that culminated in the emergence of Theater and Philosophy in Greece.
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Wezenberg, Han. "The content and nature of thought." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17382.

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Die Dissertation prüft das Potential von Fines Semantischem Relationismus für einen kognivistischen Ansatz der Sprache und des Geistes. Hauptziel ist es, den Semantischen Relationismus als einzig angemessene Inhalstheorie für die Gedankensprache zu verteidigen, indem die Vorzüge gegenüber den wichtigsten Alternativen, dem Referentialismus und dem Fregeanismus, aufgezeigt werden. Die Arbeit soll zeigen, dass nur der Semantische Relatinismus alle Varianten des Frege Puzzles für die Gedankensprache lösen kann, und zwar in einerWeise, die die erheblichen Schwierigkeiten der alternativen Theorien umgeht. Das Ergebnis ist sowohl eine Verteidigung des Sematischen Relationismus als auch eine Bestätigung der Tragbarkeit der Hypothese einer Gedankensprache. Auf Basis der Gedankensprache und einer relationistischen Semantik stellt die Arbeit zudem eine neue Theorie der Propositionen vor, die sich erheblich von allen bestehenden Alternativen, inbegriffen der von Fine, unterscheidet. Das Endergebnis ist eine Auffassung von Propositionen als syntaktisch strukturierten mentalen Repräsentationen, die Sätze in der Gedankensprache darstellen, sowie Träger von Inhalten, die durch ihren semantischen Inhalt typindividuiert sind. Ein Kernziel der Arbeit ist es, die Vorteile dieser Auffassung gegenüber klassischen und modernen Alternativen aufzuzeigen. Die Arbeit entwickelt ihr Gesamtergebnis durch die Aufarbeitung von drei aktuellen, eng miteinander verbundenen Debatten. Erstens, das Problem, dass Freges Puzzle für Gedanken und überzegungen darstellt, insbesondere in Form von Kripkes Puzzle. Zweitens, das Problem der Typindividuierung von Symbolen in der Gedankensprache. Drittens, die Debatte um die Ontologie von Begriffen und Propositionen. Indem eine vielversprechende relationistische Lösung in diesen Problembereichen entwickelt wird, bietet die Arbeit zusätzliche Bestätigung für Fines semantische Theorie durch eine erhebliche Erweiterung ihres Anwendungsbereichs.
The thesis evaluates the potential of Fine’s Semantic Relationism for a cognitivist approach to language and the mind. The main aim is to champion Semantic Relationism as the only adequate theory of content for the Language of Thought by bringing out the benefits of the theory over its main rivals, Referentialism and Fregeanism. It seeks to show that only Semantic Relationism can address all the variants of Frege’s Puzzle for the Language of Thought, and that it can do so in a way that avoids the substantial difficulties that beset other semantic theories. The main outcome is at the same time a vindication of the adopted semantic theory and a confirmation of the viability of the Language of Thought hypothesis. The thesis also offers a new theory of propositions on the basis of the Language of Thought and a Relationist semantics that differs significantly from all such presently available theories, including Fine’s. The final result is a theory of propositions as syntactically structured mental representations, which are sentences in the Language of Thought, that are content bearers individuated by their semantic content as specified by Semantic Relationism. A major objective of the thesis is to highlight the advantages of this view over both classical and current alternatives. The thesis develops its overall view by offering solutions in three closely related ongoing debates. First, the challenge posed by Frege’s Puzzle for thought and belief, Kripke’s Puzzle notably included, secondly, the problem about the proper type-individuation of Language of Thought symbol tokens, and thirdly, the debate about the ontological nature of concepts and propositions. By developing a promising Relationist response to these problems, the thesis also provides additional support to Fine’s semantic theory by considerably expanding its scope of application.
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Damman, Erica L. "Watershed: collected thoughts." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/942.

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Ruane, Brendan James. "Humanity, nature and 'the social' in Western thought." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435579.

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Aertsen, Johannes Adrianus. "Nature and creature : Thomas Aquinas's way of thought /." Leiden ; New York ; Köln : E. J. Brill, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34951252j.

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Trapp, Michael Vann. "Thomas Aquinas on the Nature of Singular Thought." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52901.

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In his account of the intellectual cognition of singulars, Aquinas claims that the intellect cognizes singulars by way of mental images. Some recent commentators have claimed that Aquinas' appeal to mental images is inadequate to account for the intellectual cognition of singulars because mental images considered in terms of their qualitative character alone have content that is general and are, therefore, insufficient to determine reference to a singular. That is, if Aquinas takes mental images to refer to singulars because those singulars perfectly resemble the mental images, then his account is deficient. In my paper, I argue that the critical interpretation above is predicated on a misunderstanding of Aquinas regarding the intentionality of images. I investigate Aquinas' account of the intentionality of images in order to show that Aquinas understands the reference of mental images to be determined not by their qualitative character alone but also by the causal relation that obtains between the cognizer and a singular.
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Books on the topic "Native thought"

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Landon, Rocky. A Native American thought of it: Amazing inventions and innovations. Toronto: Annick Press, 2008.

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Hackert, Stephanie. The emergence of the English native speaker: A chapter in nineteenth-century linguistic thought. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2012.

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Uri ŭi koyu sasang kwa hyo kyoyuk munhwa: The filial piety educational culture and thought native to Korea. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Sudŏk Munhwasa, 2011.

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Mavor, James W. Manitou: The sacred landscape of New England's native civilization. Rochester, Vt: Inner Traditions International, 1989.

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Yeboah-Afari, Ajoa V. A decade of thoughts of a native daughter. [Accra, Ghana?: s.n., 1988.

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Modern Muslim thought. Karachi: Royal Book Company, 2000.

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Color for thought. New York: Scholastic, 2004.

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Kostagiannis, Konstantinos. Realist Thought and the Nation-State. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59629-7.

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Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Laṭīf Ṣāliḥ Farfūr. The characteristics of Islamic thought. Damascus, Syria: Dār Al-Maʻarifah, 1988.

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Cinematic political thought: Narrating race, nation, and gender. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Native thought"

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Booth, Annie L. "Environment and Nature: The Natural Environment in Native American Thought." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3934-5_8568-3.

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Booth, Annie L. "Environment and Nature: The Natural Environment in Native American Thought." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1680–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_8568.

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Frega, Roberto. "“Some Stages of Logical Thought”: From Native Certainties to Acquired Doubts." In Studies in Universal Logic, 75–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58446-7_5.

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Koehn, Daryl. "Final Thoughts." In The Nature of Evil, 235–79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979377_10.

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Smith, Anthony Paul. "Ecology and Thought." In A Non-Philosophical Theory of Nature, 19–26. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137331977_3.

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Kessler, Neil H. "Thoughts." In Ontology and Closeness in Human-Nature Relationships, 287–327. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99274-7_10.

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Newman, Joshua I., and Michael D. Giardina. "Concluding Thoughts." In Sport, Spectacle, and NASCAR Nation, 213–18. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230338081_10.

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Smith, Anthony Paul. "Real Ecosystems (of) Thought." In A Non-Philosophical Theory of Nature, 113–23. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137331977_9.

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Lenz, Martin, and Anik Waldow. "Nature and Norms in Thought." In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6241-1_1.

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Järvilehto, Lauri. "The Nature of Intuitive Thought." In The Nature and Function of Intuitive Thought and Decision Making, 23–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18176-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Native thought"

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Rodríguez Carrión, Awilda. "The Hidden Ground: Native American Intercultural Relations." In Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335070.

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Over the last two decades, a trend has been developing in the design community to promote social equity and emphasize the ethical responsibility of design. Community participation, programming, and post-occupancy evaluations have cemented a more democratic design process in which users, clients, and community members are given a voice to affect the final architecture product through a process called participatory design. This modus operandi becomes more vital when dealing with subcultures that historically have felt marginalized from the dominant culture. In the United States, there is great diversity among Native Americans, but our mainstream culture tends to see them as a homogeneous group, focusing on their commonalities rather than discovering and understanding individual tribal values. With the blind acceptance of generalizations about any subculture, we may miss the critical details that shape the opportunity to showcase their uniqueness and celebrate their differences. Within the studio context, what learning modalities are best to implement a participatory and constructivist learning experience? Traditionally, studio teaching with project-based design focuses on students learning formal considerations of design such as theory, environmental/structural performance, and implementation of regulatory measures. The participatory design methodology (PDM) differs in its approach by focusing on a process that emerges from all players. It does not dictate design but creates an environment that allows it to emerge through the process and interactions. The PDM process prioritizes collective synergy and creativity using participation techniques to allow for alternative solutions. In response to an inquiry by the Pawnee Native American Tribe, which invited us to investigate a proper approach to conduct design propositions within their land, this paper will report the lessons learned from the process and will exhibit alternate ways of implementing design ideas, using methodologies that expand the boundaries of academia while reaching out to native communities.
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Phillips, Sadi, Alejandra Aguilar, Hannah Alt, and Isabelle Darcy. "Pause for Thought (Groups): Non-native Pausing Behavior and Ease of Processing of L2 Speech." In Virtual PSLLT. Iowa State University Digital Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/psllt.13355.

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Henderson, Jonathan T., Garrett Shannon, Alexander I. Veress, and Corey P. Neu. "Newly Synthesized RNA and Intranuclear Strain Measurements in Living Cells Maintained Within Native Tissue." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14202.

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The nucleus is a regulation center for cellular gene expression 1. Mechanical forces transfer to the nucleus directly and indirectly through cellular cytoskeletal structures and pathways 2, 3. The transmitted strains often cause nuclear deformation which is thought to trigger mechanosensitive gene expression within the nucleus 4. Protein dynamics inside the nucleus are additionally important for maintaining the nuclear structure and in facilitating gene expression at the transcription level 5. Probing spatiotemporal relationships between mechanical forces and localized gene expression (i.e. biophysical and biochemical factors) in the nuclei of cells is important in order to clarify variability observed in large and heterogeneous cell populations within complex tissues. This requires the development of innovative methods for intranuclear strain measurements of cells in situ, and the further capability to quantify associated biochemical responses. This abstract describes a method combining the simultaneous measurement of newly synthesized RNA with spatiotemporal intranuclear strain mapping in single cells embedded in native tissue.
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Zhang, Xiaohui. "A Study on Library Development Practice and Thought of Notabilities Whose Native Places Are Xiangshan — From “Yung Wing’s Paper” to “Four-corner Indexing System”." In 4th International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200316.075.

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Widholm, Scott, and Mariappan Jawaharlal. "Analysis of Cassowary Casques for Shock Absorption." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65120.

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The cassowary, a large flightless bird native to Australia, is best known for the helmet-like casque on its head. This casque looks like a large bony fin, but actually is a hollow structure made of keratin. Because the cassowary uses this casque to ram trees to knock down fruit, it is thought that the structure might provide much of the shock-absorbing qualities needed to keep the head safe. This analysis is a first look into this possibility.
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Lindon, J. N., L. Kushner, E. Shiba, and E. W. Salzman. "PLATELET ADHESION ON SYNTHETIC SURFACES PRETREATED WITH DILUTED PLASMA IS DETERMINED BY THE SURFACE CONCENTRATION OF "NATIVE" FIBRINOGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643551.

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Platelet adhesion and activation on synthetic surfaces are thought to require the prior adsorption of fibrinogen. We have reported that platelet activation by polyalkyl methacrylates (measured in bead columns exposed to flowing blood) is better correlated with the concentration of conformationally unaltered, "native" (recognizable by radiolabeled antifibrinogen antibodies) bound fibrinogen than with total bound fibrinogen (measured with radiolabeled fibrinogen) following exposure of the surfaces to purified fibrinogen in solution or to diluted blood plasma (Blood 68:355, 1986). We now report that adhesion of washed platelets to polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA; approx. 20% retention in bead columns), was unaffected by preincubation of the surface with whole plasma but was increased significantly by precoating with diluted plasma, with maximum retention (approx. 65%) occurring with plasma diluted 3000-fold. Upon exposure of PBMA to various plasma dilutions the surface concentration of antibody-detectable fibrinogen, but. not of total surface-bound fibrinogen, was correlated with the activation of washed platelets by such pretreated surfaces, With maximal platelet reactivity occurring in columns precoated with the plasma dilution (1:3000) that produced the highest concentration of "native" surface-bound fibrinogen. The plasma dilution that gave maximum total fibrinogen adsorption (100-fold dilution) was not correlated with the concentration of antibody-detectable fibrinogen. Fab fragments of polyclonal anti-fibrinogen antibodies totally prevented platelet activation by PBMA surfaces precoated with diluted plasma. It appears that participation of surface-bound fibrinogen in platelet activation on some artificial surfaces requires that fibrinogen be adsorbed in a conformationally "native" state, presumably thereby permitting multivalent, cooperative interactions with GP IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets.
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Caner, Nazli, and Jeffrey W. Ruberti. "Detection of MMP-13 Activity on Intentionally Strain-Released Type-II Collagen Network in Bovine Articular Cartilage." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53913.

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Articular cartilage is a specialized avascular connective tissue found at the contact regions of diarthrodial joints. Cartilage has few cells (< 5% of the volume), though these cells can maintain the balance of turnover in healthy tissue, when the tissue is damaged, they are not able to repair the defects [1–3]. Extra cellular matrix (ECM) in cartilage comprises water, collagen (principally type II), proteoglycans and noncollagenous proteins. The type II collagen network, which is the dominant structural protein in cartilage ECM, constrains the expansion of the resident PGs and is generally held in mechanical tension. In osteoarthritis (OA), the balance of cartilage tissue production/degradation is thought to be affected by abnormal mechanical stimuli leading to net matrix resorption through production of excess degradative enzymes (e.g. matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and aggrecanases) [4–8]. In OA tissue the amount of MMP-13 is thought to be increased relative to healthy tissue. OA typically occurs in older adults where, as cartilage ages, there is a marked decrease in the fixed charge density (FCD), the hydration and, consequently, mechanical tension on the collagen type II network [9–11]. We have hypothesized that loss of tension on the collagen network accelerates degradation by MMP. Detection of the effect of MMP on loaded, native cartilage could lead to insight about cartilage degradation kinetics in OA. However, it is quite difficult to controllably deliver MMP to cartilage, to activate the MMP during detensioning of the collagen network and to detect the effect on the cartilage mechanics (because cost limits the amount of MMP used). We have developed a transpirational enzyme loading method which is capable of precisely dosing bovine cartilage explants with a small, known quantity of MMP-13. Following enzyme insertion, we are able to detect the activity of the MMP on osmotically compressed cartilage (i.e. cartilage with a detensioned collagen network) via a simple hydration measurement.
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Ichikawa, Y., T. Miyazaki, K. Ogawa, T. Shoji, and M. Jeandin. "Deposition Mechanism of Cold Sprayed MCrAlY Coatings Focused on Nanostructure." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p0271.

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Abstract Thermal-sprayed MCrAlY coatings are widely used for land-based gas turbine applications. The cold spray may increase the coating density owing to the high-velocity particle impacts during spraying. Many researchers have considered critical velocity to be the most important factor of the deposition mechanism of cold-sprayed coatings. However, this dominant parameter of critical deposition condition has not been completely understood. In order to understand the mechanism, two approaches were used in this study. One is the transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of the interface between the coating and the substrate, and the other is the cross-sectional observation of the deposited particle by using the focused ion beam (FIB) cutting technique. From the TEM observations, there are no evidences of melting at the interface, and it is found that the actual bonding occurred at the nascent surfaces. Generally, there is a native oxide on the surface of the particles and substrate. After the plastic deformation of the particles and substrate, the native oxide breaks down; subsequently, a nascent surface can be created and direct contact initiates deposition. From the results of these investigations, it is thought that the dominant factor for deposition is the plastic deformation of the particles and substrates.
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Daemmrich, Chris. "Freedom and the Politics of Space: Contemporary Social Movements and Possibilities for Antiracist, Feminist Practice in U.S. Architecture." In Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335076.

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Students and practitioners of architecture challenge the hegemonic Whiteness, maleness, cisheteronormativity, and capitalist control of these disciplines as a means of democratizing and decolonizing practice to create conditions for Black self-determination. This paper considers how architectural professionals have responded to contemporary movements for social justice in the United States and the ways in which some are more and some less successful at addressing the intersecting nature of identity-based oppressions. Organizations and convenings, including the National Organization of Minority Architects (NOMA), Black in Design, the Design Futures Public Interest Design Student Leadership Forum, Equity by Design, and the Architecture Lobby are considered from 2012 to the pre-pandemic spring of 2020, with a focus on the emergence of new spaces and shifts in how existing spaces engage with activist movements as a result of changing political conditions. The paper provides historical background and constructive critique. It concludes with recommendations for creating institutions that respond proactively, rather than reactively, to racist violence, sexual harassment, assault, and exploitation, and for making lasting meaning of these injustices when they occur. The roles Black people and other people of color, particularly women, have played, and the roles White people, particularly men, and White institutions must play in creating an antiracist, feminist architecture are a focus of this paper.
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Peterson, Benjamin, and R. Kyle Warren. "Contested Territories: Evaluating the Limits and Liberties of Design (and Designers) in Public Space." In Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335073.

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Recent accounts in Boston highlight tensions among individuals experiencing homelessness, individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorder, service providers, advocates, residents, and business owners in geographies colloquially referred to as “Mass and Cass.” The dynamic frictions of lived experience unfold in public spaces entangled in a field of social, political, economic, and spatial conditions. The Boston Architectural College, mission-driven to “provide excellence in design education emerging from practice and accessible to diverse communities,” sits less than a mile from these geographies. A curriculum in applied learning, where practicing and learning occurs concurrently, distinguishes the BAC’s educational approach from co-op or externship models. Its educational agenda recognizes the vital dialogue between academia and practice and locates teaching and learning directly within these conduits. This research-driven project focuses on the spatial, sociocultural geographies of Mass and Cass and examines the pedagogies of community participation and engagement in design education. The project addresses the nature of interdisciplinary teaching and learning in design settings through examining modes of critical thinking, listening, reflection, and translation as integral to civic spatial practices. Using the tools of spatial designers and conceptual frameworks from other disciplines, students attempt to understand the agents, actors, and forces at play in the conditions of Mass and Cass. Through critical inquiry into the sociocultural contexts that characterize the spatial narratives of Mass and Cass, students (and city agencies as collaborators) seek to identify moments when design or designers have, may have, or could have intervened in these contested territories.
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Reports on the topic "Native thought"

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Hossain, Niamat Ullah Ibne, Raed Jaradat, Michael Hamilton, Charles Keating, and Simon Goerger. A historical perspective on development of systems engineering discipline : a review and analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40259.

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Since its inception, Systems Engineering (SE) has developed as a distinctive discipline, and there has been significant progress in this field in the past two decades. Compared to other engineering disciplines, SE is not affirmed by a set of underlying fundamental propositions, instead it has emerged as a set of best practices to deal with intricacies stemming from the stochastic nature of engineering complex systems and addressing their problems. Since the existing methodologies and paradigms (dominant pat- terns of thought and concepts) of SE are very diverse and somewhat fragmented. This appears to create some confusion regarding the design, deployment, operation, and application of SE. The purpose of this paper is 1) to delineate the development of SE from 1926-2017 based on insights derived from a histogram analysis, 2) to discuss the different paradigms and school of thoughts related to SE, 3) to derive a set of fundamental attributes of SE using advanced coding techniques and analysis, and 4) to present a newly developed instrument that could assess the performance of systems engineers. More than Two hundred and fifty different sources have been reviewed in this research in order to demonstrate the development trajectory of the SE discipline based on the frequency of publication.
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Rodriguez, Dirk, and Cameron Williams. Channel Islands Nation Park: Terrestrial vegetation monitoring annual report - 2016. National Park Service, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293561.

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This report presents the data collected in 2016 as part of the long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring program at Channel Islands National Park. The purposes of the monitoring program are to document the long-term trends in the major vegetation communities within the park. The data collected are from 30 m point-line intercept transects. In the past, each transect was sampled annually. However, beginning in 2012 the program began adding randomly located transects to improve the representativeness of the sampling, and transitioned to a rotating panel design. Now only a core subset of the transects are read annually. Non-core transects are assigned to one of four panels, and those transects are read only once every four years. A summary analysis of the 2016 data shows that: 165 transects were read. The 165 transects were distributed across all five islands: Santa Rosa Island (n = 87), Santa Cruz Island (n = 33), Santa Barbara Island (n = 18), Anacapa Island (n = 9) and San Miguel Island (n = 11). Relative native plant cover averaged 63% across all islands and sampled communities while absolute native plant cover averaged 32%. Among plant communities, relative percent native cover ranged from a low of 1% in seablite scrub to a high of 98% in oak woodland. In general, the number of vegetation data points recorded per transect positively correlates with average rainfall, which is reflected in the number of “hits” or transect points intersecting vegetation. When precipitation declined there is a corresponding drop in the number of hits. In 2016, however this was not the case. Even though rainfall increased as compared to the previous 4 years (18.99 inches in 2016 vs an average of 6.32 for the previous 4 years), the average number of hits was only 64. To put this into perspective, the highest average number of hits was 240 in 1993, an El Niño year of high precipitation. The number of vegetation communities sampled varied by island with the larger islands having more communities. In 2016, there were 15 communities sampled on Santa Rosa Island, 12 communities on Santa Cruz Island, 7 communities on San Miguel Island, 7 communities on Santa Barbara Island, and 7 communities on Anacapa Island. Twenty-six vegetation types were sampled in 2016. Of these, 13 occurred on more than one island. The most commonly shared community was Valley/Foothill grassland which was found in one form or another on all five islands within the park. The next most commonly shared communities were coastal sage scrub and coastal scrub, which were found on four islands. Coastal bluff scrub and coreopsis scrub were monitored on three islands. Four communities—ironwood, mixed woodland, oak woodland, riparian, and seacliff scrub—were monitored on two islands, and 12 communities—Torrey pine woodland, shrub savannah, seablite scrub, Santa Cruz Island pine, perennial iceplant, lupine scrub, fennel, coastal strand, coastal marsh, cactus scrub, boxthorn scrub, barren, and Baccharis scrub—were each monitored on one island.
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Balda, Taras. ISSUES OF PACIFISM AND MILITARISM OF LIBERATION STRUGGLE IN UKRAINIAN DIASPORA PUBLICATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11390.

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Subject of the article’s study – journalism of Ukrainian diaspora publications on the topic of liberation struggle of Ukrainian nation. The author emphasizes on variations of such a struggle, in particular on traditions of militarism and pacifism. A lot of Ukrainians who lived outside of Ukraine, because of third wave of emigration, used to believe that the USA will start another world war, will deal with the USSR and in this way will help Ukraine become independent. Similar thoughts were fundamental thesis of so-called «liberation conception». Such theories and hopes were outlined in columns of such magazines as «Visti Combatanta», «Vyzvolnyi Shliakh». But another part of political emigrants, concentrated around OUN (w) and URDP, positions of which were represented in such publications as «Ukrainskyi samostiynyk» and «Nashi posytsii», problem of Ukrainian independence tried not to deceive to war between the USA and the USSR and considered nonviolent methods of government change. Similar thoughts had the authors of «Suchasnist» and «Lysty do Pryiateliv». Time and historical realities showed that were right those journalists who believed in evolutionary, not revolutionary, theory of state development. Ukraine was able to become independent peacefully after the USSR decay and creation of sovereign states. Among this, modern Ukrainian society still lacks respect to Ukrainian army, nurturing of traditions of military valor, honor and justice, to which even diaspora journalists paid attention in the previous century.
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BUHARI, Lateef Oluwafemi. Understanding the Causes of Electoral and Political Violence in Ekiti State, Nigeria: 2007-2010. Intellectual Archive, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_03_17.

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All over the world, elections are the litmus test of democracies. They also serve to consolidate political stability in a given polity just as they have the propensity to engender conflict and violence. Though there is usually competition over the control of the machineries of power, the turning point of that competition into violence becomes imperative in discerning the causes, both remote and immediate of such violence. In the light of the above, this paper notes the volatile nature of elections in Nigeria at large and Ekiti State in particular between 2007 and 2010. It examines plethora of factors leading to electoral fraud and political violence in the state. It further analyses the role of various stakeholders in political violence in the state.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.

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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Beyond Quantum Security with Emerging Pathways in Information Physics and Complexity. Synergistic Manifolds, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/220602.

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Information security and associated vulnerabilities have long been a pressing challenge, from the fundamental scientific backstage to the frontline across the most diverse sectors of society. At the tip of the iceberg of this problem, the citizens immediately feel that the reservation of privacy and the degradation of the quality and security of the information and communication on which they depend for the day-to-day activities, already of crucial relevance, are at stake. Naturally though, the challenges do not end there. There is a whole infrastructure for storing information, processing and communication, whose security and reliability depend on key sectors gearing modern society – such as emergency communication systems (medical, civil and environmental protection, among others), transportation and geographic information, the financial communications systems at the backbone of day-to-day transactions, the information and telecommunications systems in general. And crucially the entire defence ecosystem that in essence is a stalwart in preventing our civilisation to self-annihilate in full fulfilment of the second principle of thermodynamics. The relevance of the problem further encompasses the preservation of crucial values such as the right to information, security and integrity of democratic processes, internal administration, justice, defence and sovereignty, ranging from the well-being of the citizen to the security of the nation and beyond. In the present communication, we take a look at how to scientifically and technically empower society to address these challenges, with the hope and pragmatism enabled by our emerging pathways in information physics and complexity. Edging beyond classical and quantum frontiers and their vulnerabilities to unveil new principles, methodologies and technologies at the core of the next generation system dynamic intelligence and security. To illustrate the concepts and tools, rather than going down the road of engineered systems that we can ultimately control, we take aim at the bewildering complexity of nature, deciphering new secrets in the mathematical codex underlying its complex coevolutionary phenomena that so heavily impact our lives, and ultimately bringing out novel insights, methods and technologies that propel information physics and security beyond quantum frontiers.
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Küsters, Ralf, and Alex Borgida. What's in an Attribute? Consequences for the Least Common Subsumer. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.102.

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Functional relationships between objects, called 'attributes', are of considerable importance in knowledge representation languages, including Description Logics (DLs). A study of the literature indicates that papers have made, often implicity, different assumptions about the nature of attributes: whether they are always required to have a value, or whether they can be partial functions. The work presented here is the first explicit study of this difference for (sub-)classes of the CLASSIC DL, involving the same-as concept constructor. It is shown that although determining subsumption between concept descriptions has the same complexity (though requiring different algorithms), the story is different in the case of determining the least common subsumer (lcs). For attributes interpreted as partial functions, the lcs exists and can be computed relatively easily; even in this case our results correct and extend three previous papers about the lcs of DLs. In the case where attributes must have a value, the lcs may not exist, and even if it exists it may be of exponential size. Interestingly, it is possible to decide in polynomial time if the lcs exists.
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Chefetz, Benny, and Baoshan Xing. Sorption of hydrophobic pesticides to aliphatic components of soil organic matter. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587241.bard.

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Sorption of hydrophobic compounds to aliphatic components of soil organic matter (SOM) is poorly understood even though these aliphatic carbons are a major fraction of SOM. The main source of aliphatic compounds in SOM is above- and below-ground plant cuticular materials (cutin, cutan and suberin). As decomposition proceeds, these aliphatic moieties tend to accumulate in soils. Therefore, if we consider that cuticular material contributes significantly to SOM, we can hypothesize that the cuticular materials play an important role in the sorption processes of hydrophobic compounds (including pesticides) in soils, which has not yet been studied. The overall goal of this research was to illustrate the mechanism and significance of the refractory aliphatic structures of SOM in sorbing hydrophobic compounds (nonionic and weakly polar pesticides). The importance of this study is related to our ability to demonstrate the sorption relationship between key pesticides and an important fraction of SOM. The specific objectives of the project were: (1) To isolate and characterize cuticular fractions from selected plants; (2) To investigate the sorption mechanism of key hydrophobic pesticides and model compounds to cuticular plant materials; (3) To examine the sorption mechanisms at the molecular level using spectroscopic techniques; (4) To investigate the sorption of key hydrophobic pesticides to synthetic polymers; (5) To evaluate the content of cuticular materials in agricultural soils; and (6) To study the effect of incubation of plant cuticular materials in soils on their sorptive capabilities. This project demonstrates the markedly high sorption capacity of various plant cuticular fractions for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and polar organic pollutants. Both cutin (the main polymer of the cuticle) and cutan biopolymers exhibit high sorption capability even though both sorbents are highly aliphatic in nature. Sorption by plant cuticular matter occurs via hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding interactions with polar sorbates. The cutin biopolymer seems to facilitate reversible and noncompetitive sorption, probably due to its rubbery nature. On the other hand, the epicuticular waxes facilitate enhance desorption in a bi-solute system. These processes are possibly related to phase transition (melting) of the waxes that occur in the presence of high solute loading. Moreover, our data highlight the significance of polarity and accessibility of organic matter in the uptake of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants by regulating the compatibility of sorbate to sorbent. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project suggest that both cutin and cutan play important roles in the sorption of HOCs in soils; however, with decomposition the more condensed structure of the cutin and mainly the cutan biopolymer dominated sorption to the cuticle residues. Since cutin and cutan have been identified as part of SOM and humic substances, it is suggested that retention of HOCs in soils is also controlled by these aliphatic domains and not only by the aromaticrich fractions of SOM.
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Schorung, Matthieu. A Geographical Contribution on Interurban Passenger Rail Transportation in the United States. Mineta Transportation Institute, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2212.

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Why does the rail infrastructure of the United States lag behind those of many other developed countries? Where is U.S. high-speed rail? This research approaches this in a dilemma by exploring Amtrak’s traditional rail services and high-speed rail projects in the nation to understand the workings of public rail transportation policies, what they contain, and how they are developed and pursued by the different stakeholders. This research utilizes case studies and a multiscale approach to analyze the territorialization of intercity rail transportation policies. The analysis demonstrates the emergence of a bottom-up approach to projects, notably apparent in the California HSR project and in the modernization of the Cascades corridor. Furthermore, this research concluded that, first, the development of uniform arguments and recommendations to encourage new rail policies emphasizes structuring effects and economic role of high-speed rail, congestion reduction, modal shift. Second, a tangible though uneven pro-rail position exists among public actors at all levels. Stakeholders prioritize improving and modernizing existing corridors for the launch of higher-speed services, and then on hybrid networks that combine different types of infrastructures. Although there are no publicly backed projects for new lines exclusively dedicated to high-speed rail, most of the high-speed corridors are in fact “higher-speed” corridors, some of which are intended to become high-speed at some time in the future.
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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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