Academic literature on the topic 'Native perennial grasses'
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Journal articles on the topic "Native perennial grasses"
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Parker, Sophie S., and Joshua P. Schimel. "Invasive Grasses Increase Nitrogen Availability in California Grassland Soils." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 1 (May 2010): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-046.1.
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AbstractAs Europeans colonized California, they introduced annual grasses from the Mediterranean Basin. These exotic annual grasses eventually invaded grasslands throughout the state, some of which were once dominated by native perennial grass species. Annual grasses differ from perennials in their phenology, longevity, rooting depth, litter chemistry, and interaction with the microbial community. As these traits may influence plant nitrogen (N) use, it is likely that the invasion by annual species resulted in changes in the availability and cycling of N in California grassland systems. We addressed the question of how invasive annual grasses influence rates of N cycling by measuring N pool sizes and rates of net and gross mineralization and nitrification, gross immobilization, and the denitrification potential of soils from experimentally planted annual and perennial-dominated grasslands. With an increase in annual grass cover, we saw increases in ammonium (NH4+) pool sizes and rates of N mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification in soils. These differences in N status suggest that N cycling in California grasslands was altered at sites where native perennial bunchgrasses were invaded by nonnative annual grasses. One consequence of annual grass invasion may be a legacy of NH4+-enriched soils that hinder the reestablishment of native perennial grass species.
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McIvor, JG, and CJ Gardener. "Germinable soil seed banks in native pastures in north-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 8 (1994): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941113.
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Germinable soil seed banks were determined in 20 native pasture communities of widely varying composition (dominated by native tussock grasses, Bothriochloa pertusa, or forbs) near Collinsville (20�34'S, 147�51'E). Samples of surface soil (0-10 cm) were taken during the late dry season, seeds were germinated in a shadehouse, and seedlings were identified and counted. Over all pastures there were seeds of 100 species in the seed banks, including 29 grasses (14 perennial), 11 legumes, 8 sedges, and 52 forbs. Total seed numbers varied among pastures from 210 to 9770/m2. Forbs were the most numerous component, followed in order by sedges, perennial grasses, annual grasses, and legumes. Of the 790 seeds/m2 of perennial grasses, the naturalised species B. pertusa contributed 620/m2. Even though the native perennial grasses were prominent in these pastures, they had few seeds in the soil, especially when the pastures had been heavily grazed. To maintain these grasses in pastures, management should aim to prevent excessive mortality of the perennial plants as seedling regeneration could be limited by the small seed numbers available.
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Hacker, Ronald B., Ian D. Toole, Gavin J. Melville, Yohannes Alemseged, and Warren J. Smith. "Managing competitive interactions to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in semi-arid south-eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 1 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16048.
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Treatments to reduce available soil nitrogen and achieve specified levels of weed control were evaluated for their capacity to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in a degraded semi-arid woodland in central-western New South Wales. Treatments were factorial combinations of nitrogen-reduction levels and weed-control levels. The four levels of nitrogen reduction were no intervention, and oversowing of an unfertilised summer crop, an unfertilised winter crop or an unfertilised perennial grass. The three weed-control levels were defined by the outcome sought rather than the chemical applied and were nil, control of annual legumes and control of all annual species (AA). Regeneration of perennial grasses, predominantly Enteropogon acicularis, was promoted most rapidly by the AA level of weed control with no introduction of sown species. Sown species negated the benefits of weed control and limited but did not prevent the regeneration of native perennials. Sown species also contributed substantially to biomass production, which was otherwise severely limited under the AA level of weed control, and they were effective in reducing soil nitrogen availability. Sown species in combination with appropriate herbicide use can therefore maintain or increase available forage in the short–medium term, permit a low rate of native perennial grass recruitment, and condition the system (by reducing soil mineral nitrogen) for more rapid regeneration of native perennials should annual sowings be discontinued or a sown grass fail to persist. Soil nitrate was reduced roughly in proportion to biomass production. High levels of soil nitrate did not inhibit native perennial grass regeneration when biomass was suppressed by AA weed control, and may be beneficial for pastoral production, but could also render sites more susceptible to future invasion of exotic annuals. The need for astute grazing management of the restored grassland is thus emphasised. This study was conducted on a site that supported a remnant population of perennial grasses. Use of the nitrogen-reduction techniques described may not be appropriate on sites where very few perennial grass plants remain.
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Lenz, Tanja I., and José M. Facelli. "Correlations between environmental factors, the biomass of exotic annual grasses and the frequency of native perennial grasses." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 7 (2006): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05083.
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The species composition of temperate grasslands in the mid-north of South Australia has been radically altered from a system dominated by native perennial grasses to a system dominated by Mediterranean annual grasses. This study investigated the importance of chemical and physical soil characteristics, topographical features and climatic variables on the abundance of native and exotic grass species in nine ungrazed grasslands. Overall, climatic and other abiotic factors were highly variable. In addition, past management practices and original species composition are generally unknown, leading to further unexplained variation in the data. On a large spatial scale (among sites), the abundance of exotic annual grasses was positively correlated with mean annual rainfall, and on any scale, with finer soil textures and higher soil organic carbon levels. The most abundant annual grass, Avena barbata (Pott ex Link), was generally associated with soil factors denoting higher soil fertility. The abundance of native perennial grass species was not correlated with any environmental variables at any scale. The various native perennial grass species did not show clear associations with soil factors, although they tended to be associated with factors denoting lower soil fertility. However, at small spatial scales (within some sites) and among sites, the abundances of exotic annual and native perennial grasses were strongly negatively correlated. The results suggest that at the present time, rainfall and soil properties are important variables determining the abundance of annual grasses. The driving variables for the abundance of perennial grasses are less clear. They may be controlled by other factors or extreme rainfall events, which were not surveyed. In addition, they are likely to be controlled by competitive interactions with the annual grasses.
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Archer, KA, and GG Robinson. "Agronomic potential of native grass species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. II. Nutritive value." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880425.
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The quality of three year-long green and three summer-growing, frost-susceptible perennial native grasses was compared with that of two introduced temperate perennial grasses and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Haifa). Digestibility of white clover generally exceeded that of all grasses, except for the green leaves of the two introduced species, Festuca arundinacea Screb. cv. Demeter and Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa, during winter. The digestibility of the green leaves of most winter-green species increased during winter and decreased in summer, the extent of this being greater for the introduced grasses.The digestibility of fescue and phalaris was generally similar throughout the study and was mostly higher than that of the native grasses, but the quality of the green leaves of two year-long green native species, Danthonra linkii Kunth and Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br., approached that of the two introduced grasses. The quality of the summer perennial species was poor during winter owing to the presence of only dead leaves, but the green leaves of Bothriochloa macra (Steud) S. T. Blake retained high levels of digestibility during summer. Considerable variation in digestibility exists between individual plants of Poaseiberana Spreng, indicating that opportunities may exist for selection of highly productive lines from some native species.In pen-feeding studies, voluntary intake of most of the year-long green native grasses was similar to that of the introduced grasses, but intake of the summer perennial species tended to be lower.Results from this study indicate that the quality of native pastures and their potential for animal production will vary considerably according to species composition, season and the presence of white clover.
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Aryal, Parmeshwor, and M. Anowarul Islam. "Effect of Forage Kochia on Seedling Growth of Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Perennial Grasses." Invasive Plant Science and Management 11, no. 4 (December 2018): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2018.27.
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AbstractForage kochia [Bassia prostrata(L.) A. J. Scott] is competitive with annual weeds and has potential for use in reclamation of disturbed land. However, land managers are reluctant to use forage kochia in revegetation programs due to lack of understanding of its compatibility with or invasiveness in the native plant community. We conducted two greenhouse experiments, one to compare the competitive effect of forage kochia versus perennial grasses on growth of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorumL.) and one to study the effect of forage kochia on growth of native perennial grasses. In the first experiment, a single seedling ofB. tectorumwas grown with increasing neighbor densities (0 to 5 seedlings pot−1) of either forage kochia, crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertner ×A. desertorum(Fisch. ex Link) Schultes; nonnative perennial grass], or thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus(Scribn. & J. G. Sm.) Gould; native perennial grass].Bromus tectorumgrowth was reduced moderately by all three perennial neighbors, butA. cristatumandE. lanceolatushad more effect onB. tectorumwhen compared with forage kochia. This experiment was repeated and similar results were observed. In the second experiment, forage kochia was grown with each of four native cool-season grass species: basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus(Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve], bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata(Pursh) Á. Löve],E. lanceolatus, and western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii(Rydb.) Á. Löve]. Forage kochia had no effect on height, tiller number, and aboveground biomass of native grasses. Similarly, native grasses did not show a significant effect on forage kochia seedlings. This experiment was also repeated, and forage kochia somewhat reduced the aboveground biomass ofL. cinereusandP. spicata. However, all native grasses significantly reduced change in height, branching, and aboveground biomass of forage kochia. These results suggest that forage kochia interfered withB. tectorumseedling growth, but it showed little competitive effect on native grass seedlings.
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Whalley, R. D. B., D. A. Friend, P. Sanford, and M. L. Mitchell. "Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: rationale and scope." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05004.
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The historical approach to pasture improvement in the high rainfall zone of temperate Australia has been to add introduced herbaceous legumes and to replace perennial native grasses with introduced species requiring high inputs of fertiliser for maintenance. The application of this high-input approach on land with low capability has lead to the loss of perennial grasses, erosion, soil acidification and increasing salinity on the lower slopes. This model of pasture improvement has not been successful on the margins of the wheat belt and in semi-arid regions. The Native and Low-input Grasses Network (NLIGN) was established in 1996 to coordinate research on grasses suitable for land with low capability and for semi-arid regions. The NLIGN multi-site evaluation project was initiated to test promising lines (accessions) of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures at eight sites across southern Australia. The broad objective of the project was to identify native and/or introduced perennial grass lines that had possible commercial potential for low-input pastures. This objective was achieved in an initial 3-year evaluation phase, which began in 1998 and tested lines for persistence, production and palatability.
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Vickery, P. J., M. J. Hill, and G. E. Donald. "Satellite derived maps of pasture growth status: association of classification with botanical composition." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 5 (1997): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97014.
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Summary. Spectral data from the green, red and near-infrared bands of Landsat MSS and Landsat TM satellite imagery acquired in mid-spring were classified into 3 and 6 pasture growth classes respectively. The classifications were compared with a site database of botanical composition for the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales to examine the association between spectral growth class and pasture composition. Pastures ranged in composition from unimproved native perennial grasses through semi-improved mixtures of native and naturalised grasses and legumes to highly improved temperate perennial grasses and legumes. For 3 years of MSS data, the fast growth class had a mean botanical composition of about 80% improved perennial grass and 0% native; medium growth class averaged 46% improved perennial grass and 14% native; while the slow growth class had about 60% native and 1% improved perennial grass when averaged over 3 years of MSS data. For the 6 class TM data from a single year, a predictive logistic regression of cumulative probability was developed for percentage of ‘very fast’ growth pixels and ordered 10 percentile categories of improved perennial grass or native grass. Differences in patch characteristics between classes with MSS disappeared with TM reclassified to the same 3 class level. Most probable pasture type was inferred from 3 class MSS and TM data using Bayesian probability analysis. The resulting maps were similar in general appearance but detail was better with the TM data. The pasture growth classification identified highly improved perennial grass pastures and native pastures but sensitivity to intermediate pasture types was poor. Future improvement will come from direct measurement of biophysical characteristics using vegetation indices or inversion of reflectance models.
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Robinson, GG, and KA Archer. "Agronomic potential of native grass species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. I. Growth and herbage production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880415.
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The herbage mass and relative growth rate of six perennial native grasses were compared with two introduced temperate perennial grasses (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Demeter and the temperate legume, white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Haifa). Of the native grasses three were year-long green species (Danthonia linkii Kunth, Microlaena stipoides (Labill) R.Br., Poa seiberana Spreng), and three were summer-growing frost susceptible species (Themeda australia (R.Br.) Stapf, Sporobolus elongatus R. Br., Bothriochloa macra (Steud) S.T. Blake). The summer perennial species, in particular Bothriochloa, were highly productive. However, in addition to inability to produce or retain green herbage during the winter, the summer-growing perennials produced a lower proportion of leaf material, a feature likely to render them less acceptable for grazing. Themeda was an exception, and produced a high proportion of leaf throughout the growing season and retained green material longer into the winter. Among the yearlong green species, both native and introduced, Poa proved a most productive species with significantly higher green leaf production than any other species, both in terms of herbage mass and relative growth rate. Although Danthonia produced as much herbage as phalaris on an annual basis, it has a higher stem component overall, and its relative growth rate was higher in the warmer months and lower during the winter months. Only Poa, white clover and phalaris produced signficant amounts of herbage during the winter months. These data suggest that native species have valuable agronomic features which could be exploited by selection and plant breeding programmes to advantage by the grazing industry.
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Nyamai, Priscilla A., Timothy S. Prather, and John M. Wallace. "Evaluating Restoration Methods across a Range of Plant Communities Dominated by Invasive Annual Grasses to Native Perennial Grasses." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 3 (September 2011): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00048.1.
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AbstractPrairies are imperiled habitats, with remnants being generally small and often existing in isolation. Invasive plants have the potential to invade not just the edge of small remnants but also the interior because smaller remnants experience greater edge effects than do large, contiguous prairies. Additionally, invasive plants limit recruitment of native plants, which can arrest secondary succession. We proposed to assess techniques for restoration that included removing annual grasses and supplementing native species recruitment with seeding of native grass and forb species. We also assessed the effect of specific factors affecting recruitment: soil moisture and seed predation. Treatments included broadcast, spot, or no application of the herbicides imazapic and glyphosate and with or without seeding plus mulch. With treatments nested within each of three plant communities, ranging from annual- to perennial-dominated communities, in four blocks per community, plant characteristics (percentage of cover and plant density), soil moisture availability, and seed-predation losses were measured along a plant community gradient within one season at two locations. A combination of broadcast herbicide application and seeding with mulching was found to be more effective in reducing annual grasses and enhancing the establishment of native grass species in predominately annual and mixed communities (annuals and perennials). Spot herbicide application was effective in predominately perennial communities, whereas only seeding native species did not improve recruitment. Although seed predation reduced seedling recruitment, mulch provided seed protection and enhanced soil moisture retention. Plant community response to imposed treatments differed among communities, suggesting that a decision support tool would facilitate management decisions tailored for each plant community. The decision tool would be useful to ensure that appropriate treatments are applied and that specific factors affecting recruitment, such as seed predation and soil moisture, are addressed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Native perennial grasses"
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Bock, Jane H., and Carl E. Bock. "Habitat Relationships of Some Native Perennial Grasses in Southeastern Arizona." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609085.
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Successful management and restoration of any ecosystem requires knowledge of the habitat requirements of its component species, as manifested under natural or near - natural conditions. We measured abundances of common grasses in relation to environmental variables on an undisturbed grassland and oak savannah preserve in southeastern Arizona. Major environmental gradients separating species were 1) slope angle and associated soil differences, 2) distance above wash bottoms or floodplains, and 3) slope compass orientation and amount of oak canopy. Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis) was the most widespread and abundant species overall, but it reached highest densities on level lowlands, where it was dominant along with Sacaton (Sporobolus wrightii) and Vine Mesquite (Panicum obtusum). Sideoats Grama (B. curtipendula) was the most abundant species on steep slopes above floodplains and washes, regardless of tree canopy or slope compass orientation. Level to gently rolling uplands were dominated by Blue Grama, Plains Lovegrass (Eragrostis intermedia ), and Wolftail (Lycurus phleoides). Plains Lovegrass in particular seems to be increasing on the study area compared to adjacent grazed sites. Steep and rocky uplands were dominated by Threeawns (Aristida spp.), Curly Mesquite (Hilaria belangeri ), and Sprucetop Grama (B. chondrosioides). These species generally are characteristic of poor sites, and they were more common on grazed lands than on our study area.
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Tran, Michaellong. "Senescence of native perennial warm season grasses. senescence associated switchgrass transcriptome." Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10109440.
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Senescence of perennial crops enable continuous harvests after one sowing event. Perennials senesce at adapted rates of their native environments; however, early senescencing crops do not maximize the growing season as nutrient reallocation takes precedence. Chlorophyll degradation and nitrogen reallocation was observed to occur rapidly between mid to late September. Transcriptome analysis on early and late senescencing switchgrass cultivars reveals upregulation of starch metabolism, light reactions, Calvin-Benson Cycle, and anthocyanin synthesis in late senescencing switchgrass. Morphological variations between the two germplasms prolong the growing season of late senescencing switchgrass, maximizing yield. Expression of mRNA as senescence progresses and between the two genotypes reveals potential targets and genes of interest for crop breeding techniques to maximize the growing season of perennial crops, optimize nutrient reallocation, and enhance yield.
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Russell, Morgan Lee. "Belowground Bud Banks of Native, Perennial Grasses and Interactions with Fire in the Northern Great Plains." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26983.
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Mixed-grass prairies of the northern Great Plains evolved following frequent disturbances such as drought, fire, and extensive grazing by ungulates. As a result of periodic natural disturbances, native grass reproductive mechanisms have adapted to withstand frequent disturbance. Ninety-nine percent of native perennial grasses reproduction occurs through well-protected and densely structured axillary buds. Since vegetative buds are the primary driver of aboveground growth, bud response to differing seasons and fire return intervals may reveal strategies to enhance bud dynamics. The timing of fire may transition dormant buds into active buds elucidating the mechanism responsible for aboveground growth following fire. My objectives were to: 1) reveal belowground bud characteristics of Bouteloua gracilis (Willd ex. Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths) (C4 species), Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. L?ve) (C3 species), and Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth) (C3 species), 2) examine immediate fire effects on belowground bud activity, dormancy, and mortality following seasonal fire and fire return interval treatments, 3) quantify short-term belowground bud dormancy, activity, and mortality trajectories following fire, and 4) determine the effects of soil moisture and soil temperature on bud growth and maintenance. Belowground bud characteristics differed among species, where B. gracilis produced the most buds (6 ? 4 buds tiller-1), P. smithii produced an intermediate amount (4 ? 2 buds tiller-1), and H. comata contained the least amount of buds (3 ? 3 buds tiller-1). Fire treatments did not result in immediate, direct mortality of B. gracilis, P. smithii, or H. comata buds. However, fire treatments enhanced bud activity and reduced dormancy for B. gracilis and P. smithii. Season of fire and fire return interval directly manipulated bud activity, dormancy, and mortality for these species throughout two or more growing and dormant seasons following fire. Soil moisture was found to be a good predictor for bud growth of cool-season species and soil temperature was a reliable predictor for warm-season species bud growth. Prescribed burning can be used to manipulate bud bank dynamics as a management tool and belowground bud dynamics can also be used to improve post-fire management strategies in wildfire situations.
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Biedenbender, Sharon Helen 1950. "Germination requirements of Arizona native perennial grasses and their establishment in existing stands of Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278411.
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Germination of 10 native and exotic grasses was compared for temperature regimes representing abruptly and gradually fluctuating minimum and maximum wet seedbed temperatures in summer, spring, and winter, respectively, in the desert grassland. Gradually fluctuating temperatures produced similar total percent germination but more rapid germination than abruptly alternating temperatures and constant 25 degrees C. Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) and 7 native grasses were sown into stands of Lehmann lovegrass that were left intact, burned, sprayed with herbicide and left standing, or sprayed and mowed. In 1992 mow and dead standing treatments reduced Lehmann lovegrass seedling density and improved establishment of cane beardgrass (Bothriochloa barbinodis), Arizona cottontop (Digitaria californica), green sprangletop (Leptochloa dubia), and plains bristlegrass (Setaria leucopila) compared to burn and control treatments. In 1993 the burn treatment reduced mature Lehmann lovegrass and enhanced establishment of sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), Arizona cottontop, green sprangletop, and plains bristlegrass compared to the other treatments.
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Lenz, Tanja. "The effect of resource dynamics on invasive annual and native perennial grasses in grasslands of the mid-north of South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl575.pdf.
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Durnin, Marne. "Comparison of methods for establishing native grasses in pastures dominated by annual weeds." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/132852.
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Native grasses have potential to improve temperate pastures where introduced perennial grasses are not surviving. They are generally well-adapted to Australia’s conditions including low-fertility or acidic soils, sporadic rainfall and high summer temperatures. However, they are difficult to establish from seed because of slow seedling development and vulnerability to competition from weeds, especially fast-growing annuals. Native grass practitioners in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia have successfully established native grasses but their methods were poorly documented. For this thesis, 12 practitioners were interviewed and their native grass establishment methods and the problems surrounding these were documented. From the interviews and a review of the literature, a test of concept area and two field trials were established. The test of concept area was used to determine which species to use in the trials and how and when to sow them. Four native Wallaby grasses (Rytidosperma spp. Steud), Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra Forsk.) and Weeping rice grass (Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br. and Microlaena stipoides var. Burra) established most successfully. Weed control was least time-consuming when the grasses were sown in rows rather than randomly distributed. Management was also simplified by separating C3 and C4 grasses. Soil solarisation with polyethylene and other plastics was also tested and it was found that solarisation can control annual weeds and seed found in the top 50 mm of soil. The first field trial was at Mylor, SA. It compared 7 weed control methods to determine which method created the most bare ground; an indication for a potential establishment window for native grasses. These methods were: removal of 50 mm of topsoil; soil solarization; soil inversion; till and harrow; herbicide; burning and harrowing. It was found that soil solarisation with polyethylene and topsoil removal were the most effective treatments with about 75% (± 3%) bare ground. There was least bare ground with burning (23% ± 4%) and herbicide (28% ± 4%). Till/harrow, harrow only and topsoil inversion ranged from 46-55% (± 3%) bare ground. There was no bare ground in the control. Since polyethylene is not recyclable in South Australia, a trial comparing the effectiveness of polyethylene and a fully biodegradable plastic was conducted in the Waite Arboretum, SA. The treatments included no treatment, tillage only and tillage with polyethylene of biodegradable plastic. All treatments except the control were sprayed with herbicide. The biofilm remained intact for 27 days. During this time, the mean daily temperature under the polyethylene (41.7 ± 0.4 °C) was always higher than under the biofilm (39.8 ± 0.3 °C). Both were hotter than the tilled treatment (34.1 ± 0.3 °C) and the control (33.9 ± 0.3 °C). Despite the higher temperature no measurable treatment effect could be detected by the end of the experiment but sown native grasses established well in all treatments with 30-50% native grass cover and very little weed. The lack of treatment effect was likely due to the small plot size, the use of herbicides to control some weeds and high seed bank variability within treatments. In summary, soil seed bank management is critical to successful native grass establishment. Topsoil removal and soil solarization with low density polyethylene were the most successful weed management methods. Other methods may need 2-3 years of treatment before sowing native grasses which increases the risk of soil erosion and may degrade the soil structure. Sowing the grasses in rows made weed management easier and sowing them thickly provided maximum weed competition. The cost and availability of native grass seed will be a significant barrier to the adoption of native grasses for pasture applications but on-farm seed production areas are one solution to this problem.Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2021
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Lenz, Tanja I. "The effect of resource dynamics on invasive annual and native perennial grasses in grasslands of the mid-north of South Australia / Tanja Lenz." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22082.
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"July 2004."Bibliography: leaves 120-136.
vii, 136 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Investigates the effects of soil moisture dynamics on the growth and interactions between invasive annual grasses and native perennial grasses in the mid-north of South Australia. At most sites annual grass abundance was positively correlated with rainfall, soil moisture after rainfall and higher soil productivity. Perennial grass abundance was negatively correlated with annual grass abundance and soil moisture after rainfall, and was weakly positively correlated with percentage summer rainfall, elevation, radiation, gravel and slope. Overall perennial grasses responded little to the environmental variables investigated, but strongly to annual grass abundance, while for annual grasses soil moisture was the driving variable.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Environmental Biology, 2004
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Lenz, Tanja I. "The effect of resource dynamics on invasive annual and native perennial grasses in grasslands of the mid-north of South Australia / Tanja Lenz." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22082.
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"July 2004."Bibliography: leaves 120-136.
vii, 136 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Investigates the effects of soil moisture dynamics on the growth and interactions between invasive annual grasses and native perennial grasses in the mid-north of South Australia. At most sites annual grass abundance was positively correlated with rainfall, soil moisture after rainfall and higher soil productivity. Perennial grass abundance was negatively correlated with annual grass abundance and soil moisture after rainfall, and was weakly positively correlated with percentage summer rainfall, elevation, radiation, gravel and slope. Overall perennial grasses responded little to the environmental variables investigated, but strongly to annual grass abundance, while for annual grasses soil moisture was the driving variable.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Environmental Biology, 2004
Book chapters on the topic "Native perennial grasses"
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Sanderson, Matt A. "Cutting Management of Native Warm-Season Perennial Grasses: Morphological and Physiological Responses." In Native Warm-Season Grasses: Research Trends and Issues, 133–46. Madison, WI, USA: Crop Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cssaspecpub30.c9.
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Abraham, Joel K., Jeffrey D. Corbin, and Carla M. D’Antonio. "California native and exotic perennial grasses differ in their response to soil nitrogen, exotic annual grass density, and order of emergence." In Herbaceous Plant Ecology, 81–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2798-6_7.
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Belnap, Jayne, and Susan K. Sherrod. "Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth." In Herbaceous Plant Ecology, 345–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2798-6_29.
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Gajić, Gordana, Miroslava Mitrović, and Pavle Pavlović. "Feasibility of Festuca rubra L. native grass in phytoremediation." In Phytoremediation Potential of Perennial Grasses, 115–64. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817732-7.00006-7.
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Busso, C., and A. Bolletta. "Biomass Production, Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Soil Plant-available P under Water Stress in Native Perennial Grasses." In Mycorrhizal Biotechnology. Science Publishers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10199-6.
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Leopold, Estella B. "summer." In Stories From the Leopold Shack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190463229.003.0009.
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Summer was a time for transplanting prairie wildflowers. We knew that we wanted to restore prairie on the cornfield in front of the Shack. How did we know where we could get these prairie species? Of course there were no commercial sources at all. We had heard that prairie species were especially prolific along railroad tracks, because in those days the railroad frequently burned them to control brush. So we would stop there during different parts of the summer and find the prairie species in bloom (so we could identify them), or along an old road cut where we felt we could dig up chunks of sod with the species, put them in a tub in the car, and transport these to the Shack, to spud them in to the old corn field (our future prairie). This included prairie grasses, legumes, asters, and a whole variety of perennial species. And of course these can reproduce. This means that in those days (and to some extent now) there were “idle spots” along each side of the railroad tracks, as Dad observed, where the cow, plow, and mower are absent and a profusion of wild prairie herbs persist and bloom vigorously. Some species had huge deep roots, like the beautiful compass plant. Dad collected their seeds and built a little plot on the hill to plant these along with a mix of seeds of prairie grasses. This was an experiment. As mentioned, he did not water them, but they came up and did beautifully. So we knew how to promote such species on our prairie. (See chapter 7.) Over the years our prairie became more diverse, and more beautiful. According to the Land Institute of Salinas, Kansas, these native perennial prairie herb species typically grow very deep roots. Some extend downward ten to eighteen feet below the land surface! So it is no wonder the prairie vegetation is so stable and tenacious during drought; they have unusual adaptations to reach moisture and minerals at depth.
Reports on the topic "Native perennial grasses"
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.