Journal articles on the topic 'Native men – social conditions'
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1
Jorgensen, Joseph, Richard Mccleary, and Steven Mcnabb. "Social Indicators in Native Village Alaska1." Human Organization 44, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.44.1.61r44v7782262307.
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Social indicators-constructs to assess, and to measure changes to socio-economic conditions of life for contemporary societies-are analyzed for eight Aleutian and northwestern Alaskan villages whose native residents derive their sustenance from hunting, gathering, and fishing. Because of federal, state, and oil corporation actions, these villages and others like them are changing rapidly and dramatically. The analysis proposes a structure for the changes that are occurring, and measurable factors that will "indicate" future changes. Two competing models to explain social change are evaluated-"Western Industrial" and "Underdevelopment"-although both are modified to account for the Alaskan arctic and subarctic and the importance of subsistence economies in those areas. The method employed, commonly referred to as "triangulation," comprises several methodologies, several research designs, and several data sets: autoregressive time series analysis of archival data, multivariate analysis of protocol (interview) data, and contextual and anecdotal analysis of ethnographic observations. Each method has strengths and weaknesses with the strengths of one helping to compensate for the weaknesses of another. Conclusions drawn from the analyses of these several data sets allow us to posit a set of indicators while offering several concluding hypotheses throughout our exposition. Among our conclusions is that if naturally-occurring species on which village life depends are so disrupted by man-made or man-influenced events that they cannot sustain native subsistence and commercial pursuits, the underdevelopment model, shaped to accommodate the uniqueness of the arctic, will be fulfilled. The concluding hypotheses can be tested for validity in restudies, a monitoring system is implied, and a forecasting methodology to assess impacts is suggested. Thus, the study represents a new methodology for social impact assessments (SIA).
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Krieger, Nancy, and Elizabeth Fee. "Man-Made Medicine and Women's Health: The Biopolitics of Sex/Gender and Race/Ethnicity." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lwlh-nmcj-uacl-u80y.
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National vital statistics in the United States present data in terms of race, sex, and age, treated as biological variables. Some races are clearly of more interest than others: data are usually available for whites and blacks, and increasingly for Hispanics, but seldom for Native Americans or Asians and Pacific Islanders. These data indicate that white men and women generally have the best health and that men and women, within each racial/ethnic group, have different patterns of disease. Obviously, the health status of men and women differs for conditions related to reproduction, but it differs for many nonreproductive conditions as well. In national health data, patterns of disease by race and sex are emphasized while social class differences are ignored. This article discusses how race and sex became such all-important, self-evident categories in 19th and 20th century biomedical thought and practice. It examines the consequences of these categories for knowledge about health and for the provision of health care. It then presents alternative approaches to understanding the relationship between race/ethnicity, gender, and health, with reference to the neglected category of social class.
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HEISIG, JAN PAUL, BRAM LANCEE, and JONAS RADL. "Ethnic inequality in retirement income: a comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe." Ageing and Society 38, no. 10 (May 4, 2017): 1963–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000332.
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ABSTRACTPrevious research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We focus on the retirement income gap (RIG) between immigrants from non-European Union countries and relate its magnitude to country differences in welfare state arrangements. Ethnic inequality after retirement is substantial: after adjusting for key characteristics including age, education and occupational status, the average immigrant penalty across the 16 countries is 28 per cent for men and 29 per cent for women. Country-level regressions show that income gaps are smaller in countries where the pension system is more redistributive. We also find that easy access to long-term residence is associated with larger RIGs, at least for men. There is no clear evidence that immigrants’ access to social security programmes, welfare state transfers to working-age households or the strictness of employment protection legislation affect the size of the RIG.
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Sripipatana, Alek, Victor Kai'wi Pang, Jane Ka'ala Pang, and Greta Briand. "Talking Story." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 8, SI (December 15, 2010): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v8isi.2047.
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Relatively little attention has been paid in the literature to strategies promoting the health of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI) men. To fill this void, a Native Hawaiian cancer survivor and a Marshallese minister in Orange County, California, founded the Kane Group to promote men’s health information and support. This group is comprised of 10 to 15 NHPI men, ages 35 to 83, with a diverse background of experiences in the U.S. healthcare system and health conditions, including multiple site cancer survivors and/or co-morbidity and chronic condition, like high blood pressure, diabetes. The Kane Group provides social support and engages in discussions, using the island tradition of “talk story”, to relate a variety of men’s health issues from prostate cancer to physical fitness to end-of-life decision making in a supportive and safe environment. The group weaves Pacific Islander culture and values into the process and conduct of the support groups. This community commentary describes the innovative strategies, successes, and challenges that emerged with the development of the group that were designed to celebrate Pacific Islander men’s health, provide information, fellowship, and support for the many who are facing health crises.
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Pasupuleti, Samba Siva Rao, Santosh Jatrana, and Ken Richardson. "EFFECT OF NATIVITY AND DURATION OF RESIDENCE ON CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG ASIAN IMMIGRANTS IN AUSTRALIA: A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 322–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000206.
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SummaryThis study examined the effect of Asian nativity and duration of residence in Australia on the odds of reporting a chronic health condition (cancer, respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus). Data were from waves 3, 7 and 9 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal survey, and multi-level group-mean-centred logistic regression models were used for the analysis. After covariate adjustment, Asian immigrants were less likely to report cancer and respiratory problem compared with native-born Australians. While there was no significant difference in reporting CVD, they were more likely to report diabetes than native-born people. Asian immigrants maintained their health advantage with respect to cancer regardless of duration of residence. However, after 20 years of stay, Asian immigrants lost their earlier advantage and were not significantly different from native-born people in terms of reporting a respiratory problem. In contrast, Asian immigrants were not measurably different from native-born Australians in reporting diabetes if their length of stay in Australia was less than 20 years, but became disadvantaged after staying for 20 years or longer. There was no measurable difference in the odds of reporting CVD between Asian immigrants and native-born Australians for any duration of residence. On the whole this study found that health advantage, existence of healthy immigrant effect and subsequent erosion of it with increasing duration of residence among Asian immigrants depends upon the chronic health condition.
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Pedrini, E., F. Collazos Sanchez, A. Qureshi, S. Valero, M. Ramos, H. W. Revollo, and C. A. Delgadillo. "Prevalence of Major Depression in Barcelona Primary Care Settings: A Comparative Study Between Latinos and Native Born Patients." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70902-2.
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Introduction:Immigration to Spain is a recent but rapidly growing fenomena. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the immigrants relative to natives is an inconclusive theme, given that several studies have found contradictory results.This study presents sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of mood disorders (detected with MINI) of 842 adults (411 Latinos and 431 Natives), attending primary care in the greater Barcelona metropolitan area.Results:Most of the sample was female (n=591; 70.2%), the mean age was 34.7 (±9.8) years, range 18-65. Significant (p< 0,001) differences were found between the two groups in: scholarization, housing, work status, income and percived social network.The prevalence of actual major depresssive disorder (MDD) was 12.7% in the total sample, with a higer prevalence in the Latinos (n=68; 16.5%) than Natives (n=39; 9.0%); p=0.001 X2=10.57.There was no difference in total prevalences of other mood disorders between the two groups. Analysis -through logistic regression- of only those patients with complete data, (n=613; 307 Latinos and 306 Natives) showed that the probability of MDD was higer in Latinos than in Native patients (OR= 2.4; 95% CI= 1.5-4.0). After adjusting for gender and all the significantly different variables, the higer risk of MDD in Latinos disappeared (OR= 1.3; 95% CI= 0.7-2.4).Conclusions:From these data we can conlude that the relation between immigrant status and depression is not direct but rather mediated by disadvantaged social conditions. In further similar studies social variables should be considered.
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Vineis, Paolo, Fabrizio Faggiano, Elio Riboli, Franco Berrino, Paola Pisani, and Paolo Crosignani. "Dietary Habits, Internal Migration and Social Class in a Sample of a Northern Italian Population." Tumori Journal 78, no. 4 (August 1992): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169207800403.
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The study of migrants has generated interesting hypotheses on the etiology of different types of cancer. In particular, it has been suggested that both colon and breast cancer could be related to living conditions, including diet, in the country of immigration. Considerable internal migration occurred in Italy in the sixties. We studied a random sample of 1,400 subjects living in the city of Torino and the province of Varese. They were interviewed with a detailed questionnaire about their dietary habits, and the consumption of several nutrients was considered according to the area of birth and social class. The hypothesis we tested was whether, after controlling for social class, there were different dietary habits among the migrants and the native population, and whether such differences could help in the formulation of etiologic hypotheses on cancer. We found that the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol was lower among the migrants from the south, whereas they consumed higher levels of vegetables than people born in the north. The different intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol seemed to be attributable mainly to the consumption of butter, for which the south/north ratio was as low as 0.47 in men and 0.56 in women. Important gradients by social class were also suggested for several nutrients.
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Smith, Matthew Lee, Caroline D. Bergeron, SangNam Ahn, Samuel D. Towne, Chivon A. Mingo, Kayin T. Robinson, Jamarcus Mathis, Lu Meng, and Marcia G. Ory. "Engaging the Underrepresented Sex: Male Participation in Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) Programs." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988317750943.
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Females are more likely than males to participate in evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention programs targeted for middle-aged and older adults. Despite the availability and benefits of Stanford’s Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) programs, male participation remains low. This study identifies personal characteristics of males who attended CDSME program workshops and identifies factors associated with successful intervention completion. Data were analyzed from 45,375 male CDSME program participants nationwide. Logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with workshop attendance. Males who were aged 65–79 (OR = 1.27, p < .001), Hispanic (OR = 1.22, p < .001), African American (OR = 1.13, p < .001), Asian/Pacific Islander (OR = 1.26, p < .001), Native Hawaiian (OR = 3.14, p < .001), and residing in nonmetro areas (OR = 1.26, p < .001) were more likely to complete the intervention. Participants with 3+ chronic conditions were less likely to complete the intervention (OR = 0.87, p < .001). Compared to health-care organization participants, participants who attended workshops at senior centers (OR = 1.38, p < .001), community/multipurpose facilities (OR = 1.21, p < .001), and faith-based organizations (OR = 1.37, p < .001) were more likely to complete the intervention. Men who participated in workshops with more men were more likely to complete the intervention (OR = 2.14, p < .001). Once enrolled, a large proportion of males obtained an adequate intervention dose. Findings highlight potential strategies to retain men in CDSME programs, which include diversifying workshop locations, incorporating Session Zero before CDSME workshops, and using alternative delivery modalities (e.g., online).
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Vukolova, Kateryna, Ivetta Depchynska, Natalia Hertsovska, Irina Cherniaieva, Nataliia Loskutova, and Zoryana Vasylko. "Defining the Postmodern Aspect of the Social Factor of Language Variation." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 14, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/14.1/431.
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The article highlights the trends of the present world, the informatization of society, the intensive development of innovative technologies entails a rethinking of values in art and language environment. Learning a language certainly includes considering a whole range of external circumstances in which it really develops and actively functions: the society that uses the language, its social structure, age difference between native speakers, social status, level of culture and education, place of residence, as well as differences in their speech behavior depending on the language situation. The relevance of the study is determined by the change in human consciousness during the postmodern cultural era, a feature of which is the rethinking of values, the definition of specific trends in the philosophical essence of the postmodern. The study presents the theoretical foundations of postmodern reflection in the social manifestation of speech. Postmodern forms a value attitude to progress as a single unchanging constant, formed throughout historical development. The article examines the conditions of equality of social factors between men and women who choose different strategies of speech behavior, manifested in the models of text construction, use of linguistic means, associations arising in both sexes as one of the aspects of postmodern semantic representation. In the course of the study the concept of "ethnicity" is defined, replacing the concept of "ethnos" and denoting the existence of separate ethnic groups. The study is based on the method of analysis and synthesis, the research, descriptive and scientific method was used to determine the postmodern aspect of the social factor of language variation. The results of the study are the basis for determining the social factor of speech in the context of postmodern society.
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Kumar, Meera Rajeev, and Aksa Sam. "Gender Equality in Employment Perquisites with Reference to Sweden, GCC and India." International Journal of Governance & Development 02, no. 02 (2022): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55478/ijgd.2022.2202.
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The scope of social policy today is extensive. With the changing global scenario there is a rediscovery of “social” in it. Indubitably, there is a gender perspective on social policy globally. The world Economic Forum states that there are only six countries in the world (Belgium, Denmark, France, Latvia, Luxembourg and Sweden) where women have equal work rights to men. It is noted that the situation in different countries vary when it comes to the working benefits of different genders whether for native or expatriate workers in those places. Though there are rooms to enjoy attractive income and favorable working conditions such as job security, generous retirement plan, and other welfare benefits, there are still various factors that might lead to gender-based differences or gender discrimination in the unique labor market context of the GCC countries. The scenario is distinct in many Scandinavian nations like Sweden. Those countries are often considered as the role model for gender equal work allowances. When it comes to India there is still disparity and difference in many areas despite of the social security system the country offers in its policies. This paper aims at a descriptive and qualitative study on the causes, consequences and conclusion of the gender disparity in employee allowances of these nations. The study would imply simple random method of interrogations to examine gender differences empirically within the labor market of the mentioned nations. The economic benefits of a gender equal nation in the framing of social policy will be emphasized and focused.
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Shinde, Saroj. "“Our Poverty has No Shame; the Stomach has No Shame, so We Migrate Seasonally”: Women Sugarcane Cutters from Maharashtra, India." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v4i2.604.
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During the season of sugarcane cutting, men and women seasonally migrate toward the sugar belt. Drought conditions in their native districts are always highlighted as the reasons for seasonal migration. However, existing literature on sugarcane cutters emphasizes that mostly poor, lower caste, landless, small landholders, and resourceless people migrate to the sugar belt. Even pregnant or lactating mothers are not an exception for seasonal migration and the work of sugarcane cutting. In Maharashtra, issues like poor work conditions, labor rights, financial exploitation, hysterectomy among women, citizenship status, education, and health of sugarcane cutters are already in the discussion forums. After migration, these workers live without housing, sanitation facilities, and drinking water. For women, there is no social, economic, labor, and personal security. Workers have to bathe, defecate openly, and drink untreated water. Specifically, women have special health needs, and there should not be a compromise while accessing essential health services. Considering the background information, this article considers questions like why women migrate in adversity and do women work for the Sugar Belt without facing any hardship? People at large relate the phenomenon of migration to human development or economic development. Similarly, it is possible to study internal migration or seasonal migration. Nevertheless, the analysis argues that seasonal migration of the poor, unskilled, illiterate, lower caste, landless, resourceless, and vulnerable cannot be connected to human development. Instead, we can relate it to survival at large. Significantly, the ignorance of the state towards these workers and their needs can be seen from the perspective of social exclusion.
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Kaymarazov, Gani Sh, and Leyla G. Kaymarazova. "LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN-HIGHLANDERS IN THE END OF 1920S – FIRST HALF OF 1930S: EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 982–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch164982-1001.
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The modern legal status of a Russian woman and the establishment of conditions for achieving equality between men and women have been in the focus of the state and society. In this regard, the study and generalization of the historical experience of gender regulation in Soviet Russia (1917–1991), especially in the late 1920s – early 1930s, is of undoubted scientific and practical interest, by the end of which the authorities announced the solution to the “women’s question”. The issues of the legal status of the Russian women are reflected in works of native, as well as regional and foreign experts. Modern historiographical groundwork, new sources (starting from the normative and record-keeping documents to materials of periodicals and ego-documents), the use of the principle of historicism, systematic and anthropologic approaches, comparative-historical, comparative-legal and descriptive methods allow to reveal the legal status of women-highlanders of Dagestan.
The study aims to demonstrate how in the conditions of the polyethnic region the Soviet legislation of the first decades of Soviet power, making adjustments to the rights and obligations of a highland woman who was under the great influence of Islam and the historically established traditions of Dagestan society, changed its position and provided new opportunities for implementation women’s aspirations in everyday, economic, professional, political and cultural life. The paper provides estimations on some “traditional” practices of women, who were discontented with policies carried out by the Soviet power and who organized public marches.
As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the Soviet authorities viewed women as their ally in socialist transformations, and the legal and economic equality of men and women, recorded in Soviet laws, created conditions for the involvement of women in all spheres of life of the Dagestan society. At the same time, during the period under review, the predominance of the traditional form of the family continued to be ensured by the strictest social control.
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Sеrgeev, Tikhon S. "Rural Libraries of Chuvashia are Keepers of the Language and Ethnic Culture of the People." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 71, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2022-71-1-49-60.
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In the context of globalization and internationalization of culture, the problems of ethnic groups development and preservation of their identity and originality, especially their native language, are of particular relevance. Traditional forms of native language development, cognition and direct communication include reading, writing, oral counting, live communication at home and in social events, as well as collective forms of leisure. Both urban and rural residents began to turn to books and periodicals less often that naturally led to narrowing of the vocabulary, the general outlook of people, as well as to the decrease in their cultural level and loss of ethnic identity. As sociological studies show, there is decrease in interest in the book in general and in the library in particular. This tendency is clearly manifested in the attitude to the printed word in the Chuvash language. Rural libraries, being the leading institutions in the socio-cultural centre of rural settlement and promoting books and reading to the masses, are the fighters for the purity of their native language, for the preservation of age-old traditions and, in general, the ethnoculture of the people. The paper shows the forms of cultural and educational activities of rural libraries of Chuvashia at various stages of modern history. Special attention is paid to the development of the network and the deepening of the content of their educational and social mobilization work in direct connection with collective farm construction. The author notes with regret that due to the collapse of the USSR (1991), the destruction of collective farms, the growth of unemployment, the departure of able-bodied men to find work elsewhere, there was a sharp discrepancy in the income level of the majority of villagers. Market relations have led to the expansion of paid services, including education and culture. In such conditions, libraries with free access to their book collections have become the only centres of rural culture. Instead of the traditional “place of lending books”, they have turned into publicly accessible socio-cultural centres of the village, into keepers of the language and ethnoculture of the people. Computer technologies and Internet access attract readers to rural libraries, which have again proved to be in demand. The article is based on the analysis of published sources, Internet resources, current library archives, using the comparative historical method.
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Surya, Riza Afita, and Rif'atul Fikriya. "Chinese Merchants Role of Java Trade in 19th Century." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 4, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i1.27167.
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Chinese arrival in Java was encouraged with significant factors both internal and external. Chinese in Java eventually brought shifting in economical, social, and political aspect of Java under Dutch realm. In 19th century, Chinese in Java were differed into two clusters, known as peranakan and totok. These two terms possed different languange, culture, economical conditions. This study aimed to determine the role of Chinese merchants of Java during 19th century. The study engaged literature study which includes planning, selection, extraction, and excution. Literature review tries to review several books, scholarly articles, and other relevant sources which focused on particular area. Under Dutch realm, Chinese in Java portrayed many different roles, such as moneylenders, middlemen, kapitan, opium traders, and etec. Chinese were considered active in and around Java as the settled in Netherland Indies trade withi coastal shipping. Chinese possess priviledge spot under Dutch colonial policy, due to their advance skill in business and their independency of local rulers. In term of trade, the Chinese were ubiquitous and essential, since everyone commited trade in Java had to do business with Chinese. Java’s Chinese men and unknown number of peranakan and native Javanese women whom they married or related were almost all participated in the money economy.
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Vyalshina, A. A. "SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF THE FORMATION OF REPRODUCTIVE ORIENTATIONS OF MODERN YOUTH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SARATOV REGION)." Scientific Review Theory and Practice 11, no. 7 (2021): 2039–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2021-11-7-2039-2049.
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Article is devoted to the analysis of differences in formation of reproductive and family and marriage installations of modern youth depending on a floor and the birthplace (the city or rural areas). Results of the applied pilot sociological research conducted by Institute of agrarian problems of RAS with participation of students of Saratov State Agrarian University in the name of N. I. Vavilov (N = 216) are information base of a research. The received results demonstrate that young women continue to transform the installations concerning family, marriage, children and the role in family in comparison with young men. It is revealed that girls plan to have less children, than young men, actively defend the ideas of gender equality and the priority right in the solution of the questions concerning children. The research confirms that the maximum distinctions are observed between reproductive installations of natives of rural areas and city dwellers. It is shown that the village maintains traditional ideas of family and marriage, their importance for wellbeing and happiness of children, about cast of men and women to family so far. It is revealed that young villagers respond on the majority of proposed measures of increase in birth rate more actively and consider them effective. The conclusion is drawn on need of the differentiated approach during the developing and realization of the effective instruments of increase in birth rate in the country considering variety of matrimonial and reproductive preferences of various social and demographic groups of modern youth. For complex development of rural territories the revealed potential of growth of birth rate in the village in the presence of favorable conditions for life in rural areas is of particular importance.
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Ding, Tingting, Wenzhuo Sun, Yuan Wang, Rui Yu, and Xiaoyu Ge. "Comparative Evaluation of Mountain Landscapes in Beijing Based on Social Media Data." Land 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101841.
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An important part of Beijing’s ecological pattern, mountain landscapes are also the most important natural tourist destinations in Beijing. The unique mountain environment in Taihang and Yan Mountains attracts Beijing and foreign tourists alike. Tourists publish travel photos and comments on social media, which provides a new opportunity for a systematic evaluation of these mountain parks based on social media data. To fully understand the developmental status of mountain landscapes in Beijing, this paper comparatively evaluates 45 mountain landscapes in Beijing based on social media data. Using big data capture, semantic network analysis, importance-performance analysis (IPA), etc., it explores the composition of tourist groups in mountain parks, the preferences of the tourist groups, and the relationships between park tourists and different influencing factors, and evaluates the recreational experiences of tourist groups. The development of recreational activities was found to be more important to local tourists than scenic sites for foreign tourists. According to gender differences, women were more interested in recreational experiences than men, while men were more interested in the park’s landscapes. According to the IPA, tourists were satisfied with the overall recreation offered by mountain landscapes. The perceptual experience was dominated by visual perception, followed by smell; touch, hearing, and taste were of minor importance. Using social media data to analyze mountain landscape resources in Beijing can provide useful insights into the advantages of these landscapes under a variety of site conditions, strengthen local mountain resource development and tourism publicity, integrate tourism management and planning resources in a targeted and attractive manner, and enhance ecological leisure services.
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Yoon, Esther, Scott Hur, Lauren Opsasnick, Wei Huang, Stephanie Batio, Laura M. Curtis, Julia Yoshinso Benavente, et al. "Disparities in Patient Portal Use Among Adults With Chronic Conditions." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): e240680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0680.
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ImportanceDisparities in patient access and use of health care portals have been documented. Limited research has evaluated disparities in portal use during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo assess prevalence of health care portal use before, during, and after the most restrictive phase of the pandemic (2019-2022) among the COVID-19 &amp; Chronic Conditions (C3) cohort and to investigate any disparities in use by sociodemographic factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study uses data from the C3 study, an ongoing, longitudinal, telephone-based survey of participants with multiple chronic conditions. Participants were middle aged and older-adult primary care patients who had an active portal account, recruited from a single academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois, between 2019 and 2022. Data were analyzed between March and June 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of portal use (ie, number of days of portal login by year) were recorded for all study participants by the electronic data warehouse. All parent studies had uniform sociodemographic data and measures of social support, self-efficacy, health literacy, and health activation.ResultsOf 536 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.7 [12.0] years; 336 [62.7%] female), 44 (8.2%) were Hispanic or Latinx, 142 (26.5%) were non-Hispanic Black, 322 (60.1%) were non-Hispanic White, and 20 individuals (3.7%) identified as other race, including Asian, Native American or Alaskan Native, and self-reported other race. In multivariable analyses, portal login activity was higher during the 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the 2019 baseline. Higher portal login activity was associated with adequate health literacy (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.18-1.94) and multimorbidity (IRR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17-1.64). Lower portal activity was associated with older age (≥70 years: IRR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.85) and female sex (IRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91). Compared with non-Hispanic White patients, lower portal activity was observed among Hispanic or Latinx patients (IRR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.89), non-Hispanic Black patients (IRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.83), and patients who identified as other race (IRR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.28-0.64).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study using data from the C3 study identified changes in portal use over time and highlighted populations that had lower access to health information. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in portal use. Sociodemographic disparities by sex and age were reduced, although disparities by health literacy widened. A brief validated health literacy measure may serve as a useful digital literacy screening tool to identify patients who need further support.
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Oluwoye, Oladunni, Megan Puzia, Ari Lissau, Ofer Amram, and Douglas L. Weeks. "Multidimensional Approach to Exploring Neighborhood Determinants and Symptom Severity Among Individuals With Psychosis." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 5 (May 15, 2024): e2410269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10269.
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ImportanceThe impact of cumulative exposure to neighborhood factors on psychosis, depression, and anxiety symptom severity prior to specialized services for psychosis is unknown.ObjectiveTo identify latent neighborhood profiles based on unique combinations of social, economic, and environmental factors, and validate profiles by examining differences in symptom severity among individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used neighborhood demographic data and health outcome data for US individuals with FEP receiving services between January 2017 and August 2022. Eligible participants were between ages 14 and 40 years and enrolled in a state-level coordinated specialty care network. A 2-step approach was used to characterize neighborhood profiles using census-tract data and link profiles to mental health outcomes. Data were analyzed March 2023 through October 2023.ExposuresEconomic and social determinants of health; housing conditions; land use; urbanization; walkability; access to transportation, outdoor space, groceries, and health care; health outcomes; and environmental exposure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences 15-item, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale.ResultsThe total sample included 225 individuals aged 14 to 36 years (mean [SD] age, 20.7 [4.0] years; 152 men [69.1%]; 9 American Indian or Alaska Native [4.2%], 13 Asian or Pacific Islander [6.0%], 19 Black [8.9%], 118 White [55.1%]; 55 Hispanic ethnicity [26.2%]). Of the 3 distinct profiles identified, nearly half of participants (112 residents [49.8%]) lived in urban high-risk neighborhoods, 56 (24.9%) in urban low-risk neighborhoods, and 57 (25.3%) in rural neighborhoods. After controlling for individual characteristics, compared with individuals residing in rural neighborhoods, individuals residing in urban high-risk (mean estimate [SE], 0.17 [0.07]; P = .01) and urban low-risk neighborhoods (mean estimate [SE], 0.25 [0.12]; P = .04) presented with more severe psychotic symptoms. Individuals in urban high-risk neighborhoods reported more severe depression (mean estimate [SE], 1.97 [0.79]; P = .01) and anxiety (mean estimate [SE], 1.12 [0.53]; P = .04) than those in rural neighborhoods.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that in a cohort of individuals with FEP, baseline psychosis, depression, and anxiety symptom severity differed by distinct multidimensional neighborhood profiles that were associated with where individuals reside. Exploring the cumulative effect of neighborhood factors improves our understanding of social, economic, and environmental impacts on symptoms and psychosis risk which could potentially impact treatment outcomes.
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Sharqawi, Moamina, Shay Hantisteanu, Asaf Bilgory, Nardin Aslih, Yasmin Shibli Abu Raya, Yuval Atzmon, Daniela Estrada, Ofer Limonad, Shilhav Meisel-Sharon, and Einat Shalom-Paz. "The Impact of Lifestyle on Sperm Function, Telomere Length, and IVF Outcomes." American Journal of Men's Health 16, no. 5 (September 2022): 155798832211199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883221119931.
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Many risk factors can potentially influence sperm quality. Telomeres confer stability on the chromosome and their dysfunction has been implicated in conditions such as cancer, aging, and lifestyle. The impact of lifestyle on sperm cell telomeres is unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of lifestyle behaviors on telomere length in sperm and to follow the correlation with pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this prospective observational study, sperm was analyzed for telomere length (TL). Men were asked to report lifestyle behaviors including occupation (physical or sedentary), smoking duration and amount, physical activity, dietary habits, and where they keep their cellular phone (bag, pants, or shirt pocket). Correlations among semen analysis, TL, men’s habits, and embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Among 34 patients recruited, 12 had longer TL and 13 shorter TL. Sperm motility was negatively correlated with TL (Pearson correlation = −.588, p = .002). Smoking adversely affected native sperm motility (53% motility in nonsmokers vs. 37% in smokers; p = .006). However, there was no significant impact on TL. The group with longer telomeres demonstrated significant association with healthy diet (10/12 vs. 6/13; p = .05) and a trend toward more sports activity, weekly (16/84 vs. 7/91; p = .04) compared with the shorter telomeres group. This study suggests that lifestyle, healthy diet, and sports activity are associated with long telomeres in sperm. Sperm quality is also influenced by patients’ habits. The study strongly recommends maintaining a healthy lifestyle to preserve general health and fertility.
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Picken, Lauren, Yue Zhang, and Christine Loyd. "CHANGES IN MULTIMORBIDITY AMONG HOSPITALIZED ADULTS IN THE US." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3217.
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Abstract Having multiple chronic health conditions, or multimorbidity, is common among adult inpatients and is associated with risk of death, disability, and reduced quality of life. This investigation examines prevalence trends of multimorbidity over time among inpatients based on age, sex, and race and assesses hospitalization rates for individual diseases over time. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 2012-2018 US National Inpatient Sample datasets was completed. Participants were hospitalized patients ≥55y from community hospitals. ICD-9 and 10 codes for admitting diagnoses were used to calculate disease burden using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Unweighted mean index scores and admission rates for diseases were compared. Mean age for the sample was 72y, and inpatients were mostly female (53%) and White (77%). The mean comorbidity scores increased across the sample: mean CCI increased from 1.69 to 1.97 and mean ECI increased from 3.66 to 4.14. Comorbidity scores were higher over time with increasing age until about age 80-84 (for CCI) and age 85-89 (for ECI) and increased similarly among males and females. Black and Native American inpatients had the largest increase in mean CCI and ECI scores. Comorbidities with increased hospitalization rates included congestive heart failure (+5%), dementia (+6%), complicated diabetes (+14%), complicated hypertension (+17%), renal disease/failure (+5%), and obesity (+5%). Growing disease burden among inpatients supports the continued need for programs aiming to prevent and treat chronic diseases and multimorbidity, especially among underrepresented populations including Black and Native American communities.
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Gudienė, Vilma, Almontas Bagdonavičius, Zenona Šimaitienė, and Julija Davalgienė. "Lithuanian pharmacists in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century: Their practice and national patriotic activity." Medicina 44, no. 11 (May 12, 2008): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44110113.
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An important role in the formation of modern Lithuanian society was played by pharmacists who at the beginning of the 20th century were one of the most numerous parts of Lithuanian intelligentsia. They chose a job in a pharmacy not as a mission of life but due to political, social, and economic reasons. The majority of pharmacists were children of peasants who had refused to obey their parents and study in the seminary of priests. Those people who had been ousted from gymnasiums because of an anticzarist activity or those who had not finished school due to the lack of money also became pharmacists. Young men who had chosen a way of self-support left to the biggest cities of Russia and started the practice of an apprentice in a pharmacy. Later, they took examinations to become an assistant of a pharmacist, and after two years of studies at university, they took examinations of a pharmacist at last. Having got a diploma, they usually did not return to their motherland because there was a large network of pharmacies; thus, business conditions were harder, of course. They established pharmacies in various provinces of Russia most often, and it is supposed that only 10% of Lithuanian pharmacists worked in their native country. Living and working in a Russian environment, however, they enshrined national patriotic ideas, were active participants in social activities, published a Lithuanian professional newspaper “Farmaceutų reikalai” (translation, “Matters of pharmacists“), and attempted to unite all Lithuanians living in czarist Russia to struggle against denationalization, to encourage people to return to their motherland, and to work for its good. This article deals with the path for a career of Lithuanian pharmacists in czarist Russia and their national patriotic activity.
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Taran, Olena. "Civic Practices to Honour the Dead – New Forms of Urban Commemoration in the Conditions of Russian-Ukrainian War." Folk art and ethnology, no. 1 (2023): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2023.01.036.
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The social cataclysms of the up-to-date history of Ukraine, first of all, the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, and the scale of the mass death of people connected with it, could not help but leave an imprint on the mentality of Ukrainians. Death and burial in this context are considered as a crisis situation (event), first of all, for the family group, as well as the other social communities in which the deceased has been involved: local, professional, friend groups and others. New forms of commemoration are emerging and gaining permanent features in the conditions of Russian-Ukrainian war, especially in the format of a large-scale invasion. Civilian burials in extreme conditions, spontaneous memorials, anti-war performances, a change in the toponymy of the settlements in order to commemorate military defenders, natives of these localities are among such forms. The network martyrologies have become one of the types of memory preservation and honoring victims among civilians of Ukraine and the military men. Modern IT technologies allow expressing mourning in a new format: both publicly and privately, in communities those are not limited to family or friend circles of relations. The groups of followers, colleagues or acquaintances, official or private persons form their virtual heritage on the Internet in the real time regime building virtual connections on the Internet in the form of social networks, forums. This heritage remains online for an indefinite time, allowing other users to mourn and attach to reminiscences and the obituaries using emotional likes or comments under the posts. The headlines of obituaries of Ukrainian municipal websites contain emotional commitments to encourage community members to express collective mourning for dead fellow villagers. Emphasis is placed on the civilian position of the dead. Obituary texts are aimed at the reader’s empathetic response, focused on the moral virtues of the deceased; premature death is stated, and hence the failure to realize certain life plans. Nobility and determination, courage and boundless cheerfulness – these are the epithets abounding in the official obituaries on the fallen Defenders.
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Benitez, Jesus A., Pedro M. Rifakis, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Sonia M. Dickson, and Jose De-La-Paz Pineda. "Ecoepidemiological and social factors related to rabies incidence in Venezuela during 2002-2004." International Journal of Biomedical Science 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2006.2003.
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Rabies in Venezuela has been important in last years, affecting dogs, cats, and human, among other animals, being a reportable disease. In Zulia state, it is considered a major public health concern. Recently, a considerable increase in the incidence of rabies has been occurring, involving many epidemiological but also ecoepidemiological and social factors. These factors are analyzed in this report. During 2002-2004, 416 rabies cases were recorded. Incidence has been increasingly significantly, affecting mainly dogs (88.94%). Given this epidemiology we associated ecoepidemiological and social factors with rabies incidence in the most affected state, Zulia. In this period 411 rabies cases were recorded. Zulia has varied environmental conditions. It is composed mostly of lowlands bordered in the west by mountain system and in the south by the Andes. The mean is temperature 27.8C, and mean yearly rainfall is 750mm. Climatologically, 2002 corresponded with El Nino (drought), middle 2003 evolved to a Neutral period, and 2004 corresponded to La Nina (rainy); this change may have affected many diseases, including rabies. Ecological analysis showed that most cases occurred in lowland area of the state and during rainy season (p<0.05). Additionally, there is an important social problem due to educational deficiencies in the native population. Many ethnic groups live un Zulia, many myths about rabies are in circulation, and the importance of the disease is not widely realized. The full scale of the rabies burden is unknown, owing to inadequate disease surveillance. Although there have been important advances in our knowledge and ability to diagnose and prevent it, enormous challenges remain in animal rabies control and provision of accessible-appropriate human prophylaxis worldwide. Human and animal surveillance including ecological and social factors is needed.
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Muliarchuk, O. V., and S. V. Vydyborets. "Results of the Study of Morphological Features and Serotonin Accumulative Function of Platelets in Blood Donors." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.05.214.
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Blood transfusion service and its social component – donorship must be the priority areas of the state policy because the results of its work are of paramount importance. The main task of the blood transfusion service is supply of high quality components for blood transfusion therapy. Quality of blood components is compliance of properties and specifications of the blood component supplied to the recipient with the set standards. Strict order of conformance with the approved regulations and procedures is important at all technological states and is a cornerstone of blood transfusion service products quality. All actions, planned and implemented, starting with planning donorship and ending with the finished product manufacturing and storage conditions, are important for ensuring the quality as the final result. The purpose of the study was to determine the content of total, platelet and free serotonin in the plasma of primary and active blood donors for further use of the studied parameters to assess the quality of platelet concentrate. Materials and methods. 160 blood donors (118 men and 42 women) were examined, including 110 active donors (85 men and 25 women) who donated blood regularly at least 3 times a year and 50 primary reserve donors (32 men and 18 women), who donated blood for the first time. Primary reserve donors formed a control group. For the convenience of systematization and reproduction of scientific research results, objectification in comparing research data, all examined active donors, depending on the duration of donor experience and, accordingly, increasing the probability of occurrence of hidden platelet metabolism disorder, were divided into three subgroups: subgroup I – 51 donors (39 men and 12 women), whose donor experience lasted from 2 to 5 years; subgroup II – 31 donors (24 men and 7 women), duration of donor experience which ranged from 6 to 9 years; subgroup III – 28 donors (22 men and 6 women), whose donor experience lasted 10 years or more. The method of fractional determination of biological amines – serotonin – is presented in preliminarily dried biostrate specimens. The method described includes some extraction procedures with optimal controlled pH values necessary for isolating serotonin, producing fluorophors in accordance with orthophtaldialdehide and ninhydrin, the subsequent fluorimetric estimation of their levels being performed on the native fluorometer «БИАН». Results and discussion. It was found that active donors compared to control, have a level of free serotonin in peripheral blood platelets which was significantly higher. Biochemical shifts were revealed in the background of certain morphological changes of platelets. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the detected changes are discussed in the article. Conclusion. Active blood donation is accompanied by significant changes in the morphological parameters of platelets and the content of free serotonin in peripheral blood platelets. Further study of platelet hematopoiesis of active blood donors is required
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Malenko, Sergey A., and Andrey G. Nekita. "“Fence Science” by Valery Savchuk: Reflections on the Limits of Civilization and Human Capabilities." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-2-60-67.
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The article is a reflection on the recently published book by Valery Savchuk “Fence as a balance of forces”. The author uses solid historical and cultural material to reveal the key symbolic contexts of a fence as a special cultural code. In the symbolism of a fence, the fundamental existentially and socially oriented cultural attitudes are correlated, in which the philosophical and cultural propaedeutics of “native” and “alien” is dialectically represented. The fence appears to be a leading civilizational symbol of protected everyday life and mastered space, as well as a natural result of the individual demystification of the world. On the other hand, these structures should be considered as elements of a single civilizational system “house – fence – city wall”, in which the social priorities of the organization of any institutional spaces are clearly fixed. This means that the fence is a border separating/uniting man and nature, man and society, “city” and “world”, turning into an integral element of the institutional topology of civilization, physically and symbolically holding collective bodies in the space of power. The sacralization of power inevitably turns the fence into a symbol of social domination over nature within the boundaries of established laws and regulations. Such limits are extensively reproduced by stratifying and preserving panoptic environments, acting as visible indicators and conduits of social alienation, whereas new technological conditions only aggravate anthropological and institutional isolationism every time, condemning civilization to previously unprecedented tragedies of separation and loneliness.
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Wright, Robin M., Wolfgang Kapfhammer, and Flavio Braune Wiik. "The clash of cosmographies: indigenous societies and project collaboration - three ethnographic cases (Kaingang, Sateré-Mawé, Baniwa)." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 9, no. 1 (June 2012): 382–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412012000100014.
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Departing from three ethnographic cases the article discusses impacts and native responses to developmentalist cosmography in the presence of market-oriented projects of "sustainability" (as among the Baniwa and Sateré-Mawé) or in the absence of it (as among the Kaingang). The legitimation of anthropological discourse within construction of alterity and (des)exotization of indigenous societies and of the environment they live in is discussed as a privileged field of mediation and encounter of different actors and proposals of projects. Among the cultural pre-conditions that steer these encounters there are religious pluralism and the inherent pragmatics of indigenous conversion, which are responsible for ruptures and continuities of indigenous cosmovisions and - practices and man-nature-relations. They act upon aesthetics, social morphology, distribution of power and local economics. Although these encounters are prone to generate internal conflicts they are perceived as promoters of indigenous well-being through processes of naturalization sustained by occidental regimes of alterity that legitimate their presence.
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Lepesioti, Sofia, Evangelia Zoidou, Dionysia Lioliou, Ekaterini Moschopoulou, and Golfo Moatsou. "Quark-Type Cheese: Effect of Fat Content, Homogenization, and Heat Treatment of Cheese Milk." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010184.
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The effect of homogenization and fat reduction in combination with variable heating conditions of cow milk on the characteristics of Quark-type cheese were investigated. The mean composition of full-fat cheeses was 71.96% moisture, 13.95% fat, and 10.31% protein, and that of its reduced-fat counterparts was 73.08%, 10.39%, and 12.84%, respectively. The increase of heat treatment intensity increased moisture retention and improved the mean cheese protein-to-fat ratio from 0.92 to 1. Homogenization increased the moisture and protein retention in cheese, but the effect was less intense for milk treated at 90 °C for 5 min. The extended denaturation of whey proteins resulted in harder, springier, and less cohesive cheese (p < 0.05). Treatment of milk at 90 °C for 5 min resulted in higher residual lactose and citric acid and lower water-soluble nitrogen contents of cheese (p < 0.05); the latter was also true for homogenization (p < 0.05). Storage did not affect the composition and texture but decreased galactose and increased citric acid and soluble nitrogen fractions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, heat treatment conditions of milk that induced a considerable denaturation of β-lactoglobulin and left a considerable amount of native α-lactalbumin was adequate for the manufacture of a “clean-label” Quark-type cheese, whereas homogenization was more effective for full-fat cheese.
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Enibe, D. O. "Analysis Of The Social And Cultural Values Contraining Increased African Apple Production In Anambra State Of Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.8176.
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This study analysed the social and cultural values constraining increased African Star Apple (ASA, Chrysophilum albidum) production in Anambra State of Nigeria. Data were collected using interview schedule on 80 respondents selected from six major assembly markets in six town communities of two Agricultural zones of the State. Ten respondents (5 men and 5 women) who are natives of the communities hosting the markets were selected through Snow ball sampling method (SBSM) from each of the markets. The interview schedule was mainly on yes or no questions. From the respondents, 7 in-depth interviews were conducted for detailed information on ASA important issues such as the crop’s feast activities, children’s song while under the trees and beliefs. Data were achieved with descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency distribution and Tables. The study showed that: ASA production and consumption in the study area are by 100% constrained with social and cultural norms such as none planting, none harvesting, public ownership and free fruits collection. The result also reveals that the studied communities differ in their ASA fruit selling and buying norms and in ASA feast in the past and that they do not easily change their norms except on certain conditions such as knowledge gain and sensitization. The study inter alia recommends that effort to increase or commercialize its production by entrepreneurs requires orientation or sensitization of the tradition custodians in the communities and adequate protection of the trees in farm fields or plantations.
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Santacroce, Luigi, Lucrezia Bottalico, Skender Topi, Francesca Castellaneta, and Ioannis A. Charitos. "The “Scourge of the Renaissance”. A Short Review About Treponema pallidum infection." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666191009144217.
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Background: There is not a time in the history when epidemics did not loom large: infectious diseases have always had civilisation and evolution-altering consequences. Throughout history, there have been a number of pandemics: cholera, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox are some of the most brutal killers in human history. Historical accounts of pandemics clearly demonstrate that war, unhygienic conditions, social and health inequality create conditions for the transmission of infectious diseases, and existing health disparities can contribute to unequal morbidity and mortality. The Renaissance was a period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages, but it was also the time when new infectious disease appeared, such as Syphilis. The epidemic spread of Syphilis began between the late 15th century and early 16th century due to the increased migration of peoples across Europe. The rapid spread of venereal syphilis throughout Europe suggests the introduction of a disease into a population that had not previously been exposed. Syphilis is a type of treponematosis, which includes syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta, but, while syphilis is venereal disease, the others are nonvenereal. Syphilis was, at the beginning, a disease of great severity due to its novelty, as the population had no time to gain any immunity against this venereal disease. Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin of syphilis and the evolution of the treatments from the empiric means to the discovery of penicillin, but also to understand how this venereal disease has largely influenced human lifestyle and evolution. Conclusions: The first of the three hypotheses about its origins is the Columbian hypothesis, which states that Columbus's crew acquired syphilis from Native Americans and carried it back to Europe in 1493 A. D. On the contrary, the second hypothesis (pre-Columbian) asserts that syphilis was present in Europe long before Columbus's voyage and was transferred to the New World by Columbus's men. The Unitarian theory argues that syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta are not separate diseases but they represent syndromes caused by slightly different strains of one organism. Nowadays, Syphilis’ origin is still uncertain and remains controversial. However, the large impact on the social behavior and international public health is an important reason to investigate about its origins and how to prevent the transmission.
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Gobster, Paul H. "Urban Ecological Restoration." Nature and Culture 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2010): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2010.050301.
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What does ecological restoration mean in an urban context? More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities, and in response to the dynamic patterns of urbanization, a growing number of ecologists, land managers, and volunteers are focusing their efforts in and around cities to restore remnants of natural diversity (Ingram 2008). Ecological restoration is still a quite youthful field, yet many scientists and practitioners hold a relatively fixed set of criteria for what defines a successful restoration project, irrespective of where sites are located. Among the criteria commonly stated, sites should be composed of indigenous species, have a structure and diversity characteristic of currently undisturbed or historically documented “reference” sites, and be maintained through ecological processes such as fire that ensure long-term sustainability with minimal human assistance (Ruiz-Jaén and Aide 2005; SER International 2004). Application of these criteria has led to many ecologically successful restorations, but some ecologists in the field have begun to question whether the same standards can be realistically applied to sites such as those within urban areas that have been radically altered by past human activity (e.g., Martínez and López-Barerra 2008) or are being influenced by novel conditions that result in unpredictable trajectories (Choi 2007). Perhaps more significantly, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the broader viability of restoration projects, especially those in urban areas, hinges on how socially successful they are in gaining public acceptance for restoration activities and practices, building constituencies to assist with implementation and maintenance, and addressing a broader set of sustainability goals that reach beyond the protection of native biodiversity (e.g., Choi et al. 2008; Hobbs 2007; Rosenzweig 2003).
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Lobos, Iris, Mariela Silva, Pablo Ulloa, and Paula Pavez. "Mineral and Botanical Composition of Honey Produced in Chile’s Central-Southern Region." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030251.
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The chemical composition and quality of honey depend on the floral and geographical origin, extraction techniques, and storage, resulting in a unique product for each area. Currently, consumers are not only concerned about the chemical composition, quality, and food safety of honey, but also about its origin. The objective of this study was to characterize honeys produced in Chile’s central-southern region from a mineral and botanical perspective, thus adding value through differentiation by origin. Two hundred honey samples were used and underwent analysis such as melissopalynological composition, nutritional composition, and color. Forty-seven melliferous floral species were identified, out of which 24 correspond to exotic species and 23 to native species. Fifty-six percent were classified as monofloral honeys, 2% as bifloral, and 42% as multifloral. Moisture mean values (17.88%), diastase activity (15.53 DN), hydroxymethylfurfural (2.58 mg/kg), protein (0.35%), and ash (0.25%) comply with the ranges established by both the national and the international legislation; standing out as honeys of great nutritional value, fresh, harvested under optimal maturity conditions, and absence fermentation. Regarding color, light amber was prevalent in most territories. The territory where honey was produced, denoted relevant differences in all the parameters studied.
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Medvedev, A. P., V. E. Babokin, Yu A. Sobolev, V. V. Pichugin, V. A. Chiginev, E. N. Zemskova, N. A. Trofimov, and N. L. Blagodatkina. "A Contemporary Strategy for the Surgical Treatment of Destructive Forms of Infective Endocarditis." Creative surgery and oncology 8, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2018-8-2-10-18.
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Introduction. Despite recent achievements in medicine, many issues in the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) remain outstanding. This is mainly due both to an increase in the incidence and changes in the clinical picture of this nosology. An important factor here is the continuing presence of existing principles governing the approach to the surgical treatment of infective endocarditis, including prosthetic endocarditis.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated approach to the treatment of infective endocarditis in patients with valvular heart disease on the basis of 37 years of experience.Materials and methods. An analysis of the surgical treatment of 1097 patients with infectious lesions of the valvular heart apparatus was carried out. The mean age of the sample was 35.1 ± 9.7 years (from 4 months to 68 years); 67.2 % were men, while women made up 32.8 %. Additionally, 122 patients had infectious lesions affecting 2 or more valves. In 109 cases, valvular prosthetic endocarditis was diagnosed; in 37 patients, IE was detected against the background of congenital heart defects. 99 patients had perianular abscesses. Of all surgical interventions carried out, 18 were repeated, including those with non-valvular congenital heart defects.Results and discussion. Overall hospital mortality was 4.3 % (47 patients). In patients with IE complicated by a congenital heart defect (CHD), mortality was 14.7 %; with endocarditis of mechanical heart valves — 13.2 %; in drug-dependent patients — 4.5 %; with infectious destruction of native heart valves — 2.8 %; in patients with a background of electrodeinduced endocarditis, no deaths during hospitalisation were observed.Conclusions. The effectiveness of surgical intervention of infective endocarditis can reach 85.4 %. When supplemented with pathogenetic and etiotropic therapy, surgical correction of affected heart structures contributes to the rapid and reliable sanitation of all infection foci, as well as to a reduction in multiple organ failure. Timely surgery significantly reduces the degree of heart failure and improves the NYHA functional class. In the long term, reconstructive interventions contribute to a better heart recovery than prosthetic operations. It should be noted that the proposed treatment approach for this group of patients creates conditions for adequate labour and social rehabilitation in a distant postoperative period.
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Shears, Jeffrey, Roe Bubar, and Ronald C. Hall. "Understanding Fathering among Native-American Men." Advances in Social Work 12, no. 2 (August 9, 2011): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/468.
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This study explores fathering among self identified Native American men who have been identified as father or father figure to children involved in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. This research study highlights United States policies and their effects on Native American families particularly fathers. In addition, Native American fathers in this study reported that “being there” for their child was important and described how the manifestation of being there ranged from traditional to contemporary models of fathering. The article concludes with a discussion of specific issues that are important when working with Native fathers that may be of interest to social workers and social service practitioners.
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Zangieva, Zarema N. "The usage of phraseological units as a mean of civil identity formation." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 2(2021) (June 25, 2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-2-101-113.
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One of the conditions for the equal access of citizens of a multiethnic state to participation in the economic and social life of the country, regardless of ethnic origin, is their language competence, primarily in the state language. The desire for political and economic integration, free migration of the population also urgently requires the provision of language training at a level that will allow specialists to fully compete in the labor market. The answer to these challenges of the time was multicultural education. The reliance on the elements of national culture acquires particular importance at the advanced stage of teaching the Russian language, when phraseological units of the native and Russian languages are used as one of the means of teaching. The presence of phraseological turns in speech is one of the indicators of a high level of its development. Speech, in which phraseological turns are used, acts not only as a means of communication, but also as a means of expressing thoughts in a figurative form, an emotional attitude to reality. Questions of the comparative characteristics of phraseological units of the Russian and Ossetian languages are still a little studied problem, the study of which is important, both for the creation of a general theory of phraseology, and for linguistic practice and teaching the Russian language to Ossetian students. A comparative analysis of the phraseological units of the languages under consideration allows us to outline a strategy for the methodology of using phraseology as a means of teaching Russian to Ossetian students at a national university, to identify the difficulties that Ossetians face when studying Russian phraseology, and to predict interference. An effective solution to the problems of multicultural education and upbringing is achieved not only through the content of education, but also through the formation and development of critical thinking in students, the use of interactive teaching methods, taking into account the psychological characteristics of the ethnic identity of various ethnic groups, as well as through the observance of the continuity of educational levels and appropriate training teachers.
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Jevtović, Dušan. "Sociolingvistički pristup ideologiji / Sociolinguistic Approaches to the Ideology." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 5 (April 15, 2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i5.65.
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In the thesis named "The Savage against Civilization: the Sociolinguistic Analysis of Images of Native Americans in Western" is given a specific approach to research of the ideological and stylistic characteristics of images of the Indians and Indian wars in classical and contemporary Western, as well as their connections with appropriate social conditions. Besides the analysis of the chosen movies, this research required: 1) an insight into a historical causality of given images and into their genealogy; 2) an insight into their function in the context of a popular movie genre; 3) the review of a sociolinguistic theory of Basil Bernstein and of its anthropological application in the work of Mary Douglas; 4) finding a way of using a sociolinguistic theory on the film language. The basic concepts of Bernstein’s theory – studies about the two speech codes (restricted and elaborated), which are conditioned by different social circumstances and are conducive to different ideologies – here are applied on mostly mutually opposing views of Indians-whites conflicts in classical and contemporary Western. As examples for classical Western I used those from John Ford’s movies (Stagecoach, Rio Grande, Fort Apache, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, The Searchers, Cheyenne Autumn), and for those from contemporary Western, after the precursors from fifties (Broken Arrow, Apache) I took revisionist movies from 1970 (Little Big Man, Soldier Blue) and post-revisionist Western Dances with Wolves. The thematic and sociolinguistic analysis of images from these movies confirmed a rule which can be also seen in some images from the past centuries: a noble savage and a bad savage persist as opposition to Western civilization throughout different periods of the genre, changing some of their characteristics in accordance with the historical context. Furthermore, the assumption about the crucial importance of the style usage in shaping of different ideological views was confirmed in accordance with a sociolinguistic theory.
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Young, Thomas J., and Laurence French. "STATUS INTEGRATION AND SUICIDE AMONG NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 23, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.2.155.
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The present study sought cross-cultural replication of studies reporting positive correlations for the percent of women in the labor force and suicide rates for men, supporting status integration theory. Contrary to expectations, data from the U.S. Indian Health Service areas yielded a significant, positive Pearson correlation coefficient for women but a nonsignificant correlation for men. Implications for cross-cultural research on status integration and suicide are discussed.
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Додыхудоева, Лейли Рахимовна. "CHALLENGES OF FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: FATHER OR MOTHER LANGUAGE?" Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 3(33) (November 28, 2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2021-3-31-40.
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В статье рассматриваются вопросы передачи родного языка следующим поколениям у населения Горно-Бадахшанской автономной области Таджикистана в ситуации активных языковых контактов: в местах фрагментированного распространения миноритарных памирских языков (ваханский, ишкашимский и др.), смешанных с зонами таджикского языка, где фрагментация населения усугубляется социокультурными практиками и брачными моделями; и при проживании в условиях внутренней и внешней миграции. В основу статьи положены материалы, собранные в ходе полевых исследований в Таджикистане и России методами наблюдения и интервью, в частности по методу фокус-групп, а также на основе анализа данных социальных сетей на памирских языках и публикаций по вопросам родного языка и лингвокультурной идентичности. Анализ языковых ситуаций проводится на основе типологической модели Эдвардса с выделением социолингвистических и демографических факторов, влияющих на жизнеспособность языковой группы. Мы рассматриваем формы передачи родного языка следующим поколениям у членов этих этнических групп в условиях двуязычия при традиционных моделях компактного проживания, а также в условиях многоязычия в ходе миграции. Установлено, каким образом стратегии жизнеобеспечения семьи, такие как тип расселения и брачные модели или выбор определенного типа миграции, оказывают влияние на стратегии и приемы передачи языковых навыков детям, а также на выбор и предпочтение языков родителями, а затем и самими детьми. Выявляются языковые предпочтения определенных групп на уровне семьи и этнической группы, их причины и приемы их поддержания. Кроме того, отмечен недавний поворот от нейтрально-позитивного отношения молодежи к родным (памирским) языкам к лингвистическому активизму и продвижению их в цифровом пространстве, а также созданию на них образовательных продуктов. The article is focused on the transmission of native languages to the next generation among the population of the Mountainous-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan. The article is based on data collected during field research in Tajikistan and Russia, using observational methods and interviews, in particular focus groups. It also draws on monitoring of social media in the Pamir languages and on publications addressing the mother tongues and linguacultural identity of the Pamir ethnic groups. Particular attention is given to the areas where language contacts are especially active. First, the steadily shrinking fragmented zones of distribution of various minority Pamir languages (Wakhan, Ishkashim) mixed with the Tajik language; here, fragmentation of the population in the contact zones is aggravated by socio-cultural practices and intensified by specific marriage patterns, whereby men marry women from neighbouring villages speaking languages other than their own. Another area where language contact and linguistic shift are most apparent concerns members of these ethnic groups who undertake internal or external migration. The analysis of linguistic situations is based on Edwards’ typological model employing a set of sociolinguistic and demographic factors which affect the viability of a language group. We examine the ways in which mother tongues are transmitted to the next generation among members of these ethnic groups in conditions of compact residence; we consider their specific bilingual model, when the native language turns to be a father’s language. We also trace multilingual models in the context of increasing translocal and transnational migration, with its variety of approaches. It has been established how family life support strategies, such as the type of settlement and marriage patterns or the choice of a certain type of migration, influence the transfer of language skills to children, as well as the choice and preference of languages by parents, and later by children themselves. Among our outcomes, we reveal the types of bilingualism of certain groups (passive/early bilingualism, multilingualism), the reasons for this bilingualism and the specific means of its maintenance (such as settlement and marriage patterns). We reveal a recent development whereby a neutral attitude towards native (Pamir) languages has given way, among the younger generation, to linguistic activism, the promotion of these languages in the digital space and the creation of educational products on them.
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Olivetti, Maria Livia. "La Kalsa è un giardino. Resistenza e partecipazione alla vita urbana del centro storico di Palermo, dei ruderi di guerra e della vegetazione spontanea." Ri-Vista. Research for landscape architecture 20, no. 2 (February 23, 2023): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rv-13292.
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Palermo is a lot of landscapes. It is a geography of exaggerated places able to generate a condition of constant wonder in those who cross it. The many souls of different peoples who have inhabited it and who still inhabit it constitute a mosaic made of very close and uncovered relationships between plants, animals, men, sea and light. This contribution aims to explore - not in an exhaustive way - some conditions of coexistence that have been observed within the open spaces of the city (in particular of its Kalsa district). They are interesting because show us how spontaneous links between different species and objects (mostly ruins of the Second World War) constitute places of unprecedented beauty and social cohesion functioning in complex urban tis- sues. In front of this evidence there is the need to establish new interpretative categories of the existing, in order to generate a taxonomy. It could identify the possible active roles that the relationships and coexistences already acting can have within the project of the city (turning them into gardens, for example) and which ones should be defused because they are harmful to the inhabitants and to nature
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Rink, Elizabeth, Kris FourStar, Jarrett Medicine Elk, Rebecca Dick, Lacey Jewett, and Dionne Gesink. "Young Native American Men and Their Intention to Use Family Planning Services." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 4 (March 19, 2012): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312439226.
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This study examines the extent to which age, fatherhood, relationship status, self-control of birth control method, and the use of birth control influence young Native American men’s intention to use family planning services. Data were collected for this study during in-depth interviews with 112 Native American men between the ages of 18 and 24 years. The mean age reported was 21. Thirty-eight percent of the young men reported having children. Almost 70% of the young men reported being in a steady relationship. Eighty-eight percent reported that it was very important that they have self-control of the type of birth control that they use. In addition, 88% of the young men reported that they would use some type of birth control within the next year to prevent a pregnancy with their partner. Logistic regression analysis indicated that as age increased, young men were less likely to seek family planning services for birth control. The young men who reported being fathers were more likely than the young men who did not report being fathers to seek family planning services for birth control. Findings from this study suggest that public health efforts to educate Native American men about family planning services are most effective in their adolescence, before they transition into young adulthood. Fatherhood may also be considered a protective factor that may increase the likelihood that young Native American men will seek family planning services for birth control. Public health efforts that address reproductive health among young Native American men may be effective with Native American men in adolescence, prior to their transition to young adulthood. Family planning services that provide outreach education and care to Native American fathers may also be effective.
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Marchenko, A. V., E. V. Nikolishyna, N. M. Ilenko, I. A. Nikolishyn, O. P. Kostyrenko, and V. V. Cherniak. "Morphological features of enamel in fluorosis of different degrees of severity." Reports of Morphology 30, no. 2 (June 5, 2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2024-30(2)-07.
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The occurrence of dental fluorosis is facilitated by a violation of enamel mineralization caused by fluorides, which enter the human body in excess during its development and formation and have a toxic effect on enamel blasts. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of fluorosis are not fully understood. Enamel formation is a complex process involving cell proliferation and differentiation through epithelial-mesenchymal sequential secretion of matrix proteins, tissue-specific transport of ions including calcium and fluoride, and precipitation and alignment of enamel crystals through interactions between organic and inorganic molecules. Understanding the morphological features of enamel changes during fluoride intoxication of the human body in the endemic region allows us to clearly understand the need for a comprehensive solution to this medical and social problem. The aim was to study the morphological features of enamel in fluorosis in residents of the endemic region of Ukraine, in particular the Poltava region. The work examines different groups of teeth (both intact and affected by fluorosis) removed for orthodontic or clinical indications in men and women aged 17 to 40 years. Morphological signs were studied first on native, and later on histochemically stained sections. It was established that the violation of the structure of the enamel layer of the teeth in mild and severe fluorosis is characterized by both partial and complete violation of the movement of the enamel prisms with signs of destruction. Fragmentation and homogeneity throughout the entire thickness were found in some areas of the enamel. When evaluating histochemically stained sections of teeth affected by fluorosis, it was established that dystrophic changes in the enamel structure and accumulation of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the lesions are more characteristic of mild and moderate forms. Under the conditions of a severe form of fluorosis, complete destruction of the prisms, fragmentation of the lamella, homogenization of areas on the entire enamel layer, which is due to the uneven distribution of acidic mucopolysaccharides, have been established. Morphologically and histochemically dystrophic changes in the areas of the affected enamel are confirmed by uneven distribution and accumulation of acidic glycosaminoglycans. An assessment of the effect of fluoride intoxication on the state of tooth enamel was carried out, which will allow to expand the possibilities of preventive measures for related specialists, as well as to create and develop additional treatment methods that will contribute to the improvement of physical and aesthetic indicators of teeth. dental health.
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Pacleb, Maiya, Barclay Stewart, Gretchen Carrougher, Karen Kowalske, Samuel Mandell, Jeffrey Schneider, Julie Silver, et al. "65 Differences in Pain Experience by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status Among People with Burn Injury." Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2023): S31—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.039.
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Abstract Introduction Disparities in pain experience and treatment amongst people of different races and ethnicities have been described for several conditions. However, the relationship between race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES) and pain reported by people with burn injury is not well understood. This study compares pain intensity and interference with daily activities among burn-injured adults of various sociodemographic backgrounds. We hypothesized that minority and low-income populations will report greater pain intensity and interference, necessitating additional strategies to address pain disparity. Methods Adult multicenter national database participants with complete PROMIS® pain intensity and pain interference measures at 6 and 12 months after injury were analyzed. Linear regression models examined associations between sex, race, ethnicity, education, income, burn size and pain interference and intensity scores. Regression model diagnostics were tested, and final models used robust standard errors to account for heteroskedasticity. Results Data from 656 participants were analyzed, with a mean age of 47.1 ± 16.2. Racial representation was 84.0% White, 8.8% African American/Black, 2.5% Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 1.9% American India laskan Native, and 2.8% other/more than one race; 80.4% were non-Hispanic and 19.6% Hispanic. Weighted regression models revealed that pain intensity at 6 mo (Ⓡ=1.25, p=0.029) and interference at 12 mo (β=6.71, p=0.013) among Black participants were markedly higher than White participants. Hispanic participants reported lower pain intensity (β=-0.86, p=0.036) and interference (β=-4.06, p=0.007) compared to non-Hispanic participants at 6 mo. Average pain intensity at 6 mo varied significantly by income (p=0.01), with the highest pain intensity (mean 3.8, SD 3.0) reported by those making < $25,000/year. Females reported greater pain intensity at 6 mo than males (β=0.63, p=0.029). Conclusions Greater pain intensity and interference were reported by Black participants compared to White participants, while Hispanic participants reported lower pain outcomes. Lower income was also associated with worse pain outcomes. Targeted study of pre-injury pain experiences, pain management, psychosocial health, and financial toxicity are required to identify opportunities for intervention on the many dimensions and causal factors of unsatisfactory pain experiences. Applicability of Research to Practice Systematic screening for pain intensity and interference after burn injury may find sociodemographic groups with high pain levels and a need for interdisciplinary pain and psychosocial health management. Comprehensive pain treatment following burn injury should account for social determinants of health and impact of bias to further improve quality care for all people.
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Ahmmad, Zobayer, Kim Korinek, Ming Wen, and Daniel E. Adkins. "Changes in Smoking Prevalence from Adolescence to Adulthood among Asian Americans: Evidence of Selective Acculturation across Gender." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312211481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221148154.
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It is well established that immigrant adolescents have lower smoking rates than their native-born counterparts. Although smoking rates among immigrants have been theorized to increase with U.S. acculturation, this hypothesis has seldom been tested using longitudinal data spanning multiple developmental stages. The authors address this limitation using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to model age-based smoking trajectories by gender and nativity status among Asian Americans (ages 10–33 years), adjusting for a range of control covariates. Trajectory analyses indicate that the gap between immigrants and natives generally increases as individuals age, but this process varies by gender, with immigrant women exhibiting a significantly less steep smoking growth trajectory ( b = −.011, p < .001) compared with native-born men (and all other nativity-gender combinations), whereas immigrant men show no significant smoking trajectory slope difference compared with native men. In summary, results suggest a gendered acculturation process for smoking behavior among Asian Americans.
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Barker, Joanne. "Gender, Sovereignty, and the Discourse of Rights in Native Women’s Activism." Meridians 19, S1 (December 1, 2020): 219–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-8565968.
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Abstract Drawing from Native feminist theories and sovereignty studies, this essay examines the 1983 and 1985 amendments and the activism that led to their development and passage as an instance of the co-constitutive relationship of gender and sovereignty. By looking at how the discourse of rights was mobilized from very different contexts to very different ends by various constituencies of Indian men, women, and their allies, this essay modestly opens the conflicts surrounding gender politics and women’s rights in Native sovereignty movements. I hope to provide a forum for thinking about the kinds of social reformations that are needed to bring about social equity between and for men and women in Indian communities—an equity that is an essential aspect of decolonization and social justice for Native peoples in North America.
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Schettini, Bruno Leão Said, Marcelo Gomes da Silva Pereira, Laércio Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine, Samuel José Silva Soares da Rocha, Paulo Henrique Villanova, and Indira Bifano Comini. "PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (PES): CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RURAL PRODUCERS AT SENHORA DE OLIVEIRA, MINAS GERAIS." FLORESTA 51, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 090. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i1.67386.
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Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is an important tool for environmental conservation and is a relevant practice in many countries for the maintenance of forests. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate challenges and opportunities of implementing a Payment for Environmental Services program in the municipality of Senhora de Oliveira, Minas Gerais. Socioeconomic and environmental diagnosis was performed using the Rapid Participatory Diagnosis technique. The total of 20 socioeconomic and environmental questionnaires were applied in the municipality, aiming to know in detail the local reality, raising potentialities and demands. The number of members of the 20 families that participated in the rural diagnosis was 72, of which 36 were men and 36 were women, with an average of 3.6 persons per family. Of the 20 rural properties that participated in the rural diagnosis, 35% have delimited RL areas and none of them has a management plan. The exploration of Legal Reserve occurs in 15% of the evaluated properties, being the production of firewood and cuttings the predominant activity. The average value of disposition receivable by rural producers was R$ 220.00 ha-1year-1, in which the producers who did not respond to this question were not considered. The municipality of Senhora de Oliveira, Minas Gerais has the necessary conditions to implement the PES, however the producers still do not receive any incentive to provide environmental services. If this process of PES is implemented, there will certainly be advances in environmental conservation and will bring social benefits throughout the region.
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Matamonasa-Bennett, Arieahn. "“The Poison That Ruined the Nation”: Native American Men—Alcohol, Identity, and Traditional Healing." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2015): 1142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315576937.
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Alcoholism and destructive drinking patterns are serious social problems in many Native American reservation and urban communities. This qualitative study of men from a single Great Lakes reservation community examined the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of their alcohol problems through their life stories. The men were in various stages of recovery and sobriety, and data collection consisted of open-ended interviews and analysis utilizing principles and techniques from grounded theory and ethnographic content analysis. Alcoholism and other serious social problems facing Native American communities need to be understood in the sociocultural and historical contexts of colonization and historical grief and trauma. This study suggests that for Native American men, there are culturally specific perspectives on alcohol that have important implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. The participants’ narratives provided insight into the ways reconnecting with traditional cultural values (retraditionalization) helped them achieve sobriety. For these men, alcohol was highly symbolic of colonization as well as a protest to it. Alcohol was a means for affirming “Indian” identity and sobriety a means for reaffirming traditional tribal identity. Their narratives suggested the ways in which elements of traditional cultural values and practices facilitate healing in syncretic models and Nativized treatment. Understanding the ways in which specific Native cultural groups perceive their problems with drinking and sobriety can create more culturally congruent, culturally sensitive, and effective treatment approaches and inform future research.
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Wang, Sharron Xuanren, and Arthur Sakamoto. "Can Higher Education Ameliorate Racial/Ethnic Disadvantage? An Analysis of the Wage Assimilation of College-Educated Hispanic Americans." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211009197.
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Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States, but quantitative research on the various components of this population has not received extensive investigation. College-educated Hispanics have been particularly neglected due to exaggerated and negative stereotypes. This present study uses data from the 2010 National Survey of College Graduates to investigate wage attainments among college-educated Hispanics. Hispanic Americans are categorized based on their place of birth and age in which they entered the U.S. education system. Results indicate that native-born and foreign-born Hispanic women who have at least a college degree have reached approximate wage parity with comparable native-born non-Hispanic White women. By contrast, native-born Hispanic men face a 10% wage penalty relative to comparable native-born non-Hispanic White men. In addition, foreign-born Hispanic men who immigrated as adults and obtained their college degree outside of the United States face larger wage penalties that are augmented by a lack of citizenship. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.
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Young, Thomas J. "Suicide and Homicide among Native Americans: Anomie Or Social Learning?" Psychological Reports 68, no. 3_suppl (June 1991): 1137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3c.1137.
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Analysis of data for 12 areas of the Indian Health Services from the US Department of Health and Human Services yielded a rho of .61 between poverty and suicide for men and a significant rho of .65 for poverty with homicide rates. The Navajo area is an exception, raising for study questions about social disintegration. For the women, poverty was not significantly related to suicide or homicide rates, raising additional questions about social disintegration.
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McDonald, James Ted, and Christopher Worswick. "The Earnings of Immigrant Men in Canada: Job Tenure, Cohort, and Macroeconomic Conditions." ILR Review 51, no. 3 (April 1998): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100306.
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Using eleven cross-sectional surveys spanning 1981–92, the authors compare the earnings of immigrant and native-born men in Canada. Apparently, recent immigrant cohorts have suffered no decline in earnings. Job tenure is found to be a strongly significant determinant of earnings; previous estimates of immigrant earnings differentials, which have not incorporated job tenure information, may partly reflect differences in tenure between immigrants and the native-born. When the sample is restricted to pairs of surveys that are close to the Census survey years, the estimates of cohort effects are sensitive to the choice of survey years. One possible explanation for that sensitivity is suggested by the finding that macroeconomic conditions are a statistically significant determinant of the rate of assimilation of recent immigrants.
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Young, Thomas J. "LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SELF-REPORTED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AMONG NATIVE AMERICANS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 20, no. 4 (January 1, 1992): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1992.20.4.235.
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For 53 Native American college students positive, moderate Pearson correlation coefficients were found for scores from the Nowicki-Strickland Internal Locus of Control Scale and the Anxiety and Depression subscales and the Global Severity Index from the Brief Symptom Inventory. These findings, in contrast to previous research with black college men, suggest a relationship between locus of control and self-reported psychopathology for a sample of nonwhite subjects.
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Gazniuk, Lidiia, and Mykhailo Beilin. "MAN IN SOCIO-CULTURAL LIFE: BETWEEN SYSTEM AND ANTI-SYSTEM." 66, no. 66 (November 25, 2022): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2226-0994-2022-66-4.
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The anti-system is considered as a socio-cultural community of people whose worldview is built on the principle of denying and devaluing the existing reality and realizing the need to transform it. The real socio-cultural reality is threatened with destruction in order to implement the postulates of the anti-systemic doctrine, although this doctrine is contradictory and non-viable, and therefore its provisions cannot be implemented at the moment or at all. The reasons for the emergence of anti-systems are clarified: the crisis state of society (political and spiritual crises), the growing sense of deprivation and the presence of ideas and institutions that do not belong to the dominant culture in society. It is shown that intercultural interactions are a necessary condition for the formation of anti-systemic doctrines and organizations because in this process fragments of a foreign cultural picture of the world penetrate into society; fragments, which sometimes turn out to be incompatible with the local original culture. As soon as a part of people, who are usually intellectually developed and have a broad outlook, forms a syncretic, mosaic worldview from arbitrarily selected fragments of native and foreign cultures, the emergence of an anti-system becomes only a matter of time. It was found that a favourable environment for the emergence of anti-systems is pseudomorphosis as a state in which one society culturally and politically dominates another, imposing its forms and institutions on it, which are not compatible with the way of life of the recipient. As a result, all the creative forces of the host society turn out to be put at the service of supporting foreign political and cultural forms, which often leads to a sense of the meaninglessness of life and the injustice of the real socio-cultural reality. It is substantiated that in a state of deprivation on one side of the contradiction, there are certain expectations of the subject related to his needs, interests, beliefs, ideas, but on the other side of this contradiction are the real conditions for their satisfaction. It is noted that pseudomorphosis is an important factor for the formation of an antisystem, but the genesis of an antisystem can occur without it. It has been found that in the modern world, the anti-systemic potential is directly related to globalization, which made any ideas and doctrines available, encouraged millions of people to migrate to foreign lands, destroyed many cultural institutions that were in demand in autochthonous societies, and introduced foreign elements into the social environment foreign political-economic and socio-cultural standards, and therefore the modern world found itself in the grip of several anti-systems at once, unequal in strength and scale.