Academic literature on the topic 'Native birds'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Native birds.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Native birds"
1
Millikin, Pryce W., Samuel B. Case, and Corey E. Tarwater. "Pollination and nectar larceny by birds and bees in novel forests of the Hawaiian Islands." Journal of Pollination Ecology 29 (September 17, 2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2021)640.
Full textAbstract:
The extinction of native species and introduction of non-native species may lead to the disruption of biotic interactions. Pollination is a critical ecosystem process that often requires mutualisms between animals and plants. Non-native animals may interact with native flowering plants, with the potential to pollinate or steal nectar (larceny) from flowers without pollination. In the Hawaiian Islands, many native plants have lost their original pollinators. Birds and insects are known to visit native plant flowers, but it is unclear whether they pollinate or steal nectar, whether native and non-native species differ in their interactions with flowers, and what influences visitation to flowers. On Oʻahu, we deployed camera traps and conducted in-person observations on four at-risk species of Hawaiian lobelioids (Campanulaceae). We observed birds, mammals, and insects visiting flowers, with a native bird and native bee visiting most frequently. Regardless of native versus non-native status, bees made contact with reproductive structures during most visits (90.5% of visits), while birds stole nectar during most visits (99.3% of visits). Bee and bird visitation increased with the number of flowers on focal plants. Bird visitation also increased with canopy cover and the number of nearby conspecific flowers and decreased with the number of nearby heterospecific flowers. Our results indicate that bees may pollinate plants that were historically bird-pollinated, while native and non-native birds have neutral or negative impacts on these plants. Broadly, we contribute to an understanding of how native plant pollination can be altered in changing ecosystems.
2
Baker, Jack, Kerinne J. Harvey, and Kris French. "Threats from introduced birds to native birds." Emu - Austral Ornithology 114, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu12122.
Full text
3
Leupen, Boyd T. C. "A Brief Overview of the Online Bird Trade in Vietnam." Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 11, no. 2 (2022): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53562/ajcb.71823.
Full textAbstract:
Unsustainable commercial exploitation poses a serious threat to many of Vietnam’s native bird species. Here we report on a survey of the country’s online bird trade, conducted across four major online platforms. Between 9 March and 3 April 2020, a total of 434 posts were recorded, accounting for 834 individuals of at least 50 species, ten of which have not been recorded in Vietnamese trade before. Ninety-two percent of the recorded species were native to Vietnam and 18% (n=9) of the species, accounting for 15% (n=115) of the recorded individuals, are protected under Vietnamese law. Recorded prices ranged between VND16,667 (~US$0.7) and VND7 million (~US$303), depending on the species and on a bird’s specific singing qualities. The highest trade numbers were found on Chợ Tốt (186 posts, 335 birds), followed by Facebook (161 posts, 325 birds), Chợ Vinh (82 posts, 169 birds) and Chim Cảnh Đất Việt (5 posts, 5 birds). The scale of the observed trade appears to confirm a partial shift towards online platforms in Vietnam’s bird trade, or at least an increase in the use of online platforms to trade wild birds. In anticipation of a further development of this trend, we urge the Government of Vietnam to improve regulations and to take greater enforcement action against illegal online trading practices.
4
ZoBell, Vanessa M., and Brett J. Furnas. "Impacts of land use and invasive species on native avifauna of Mo’orea, French Polynesia." PeerJ 5 (September 15, 2017): e3761. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3761.
Full textAbstract:
Oceanic islands are among the most endemically biodiverse ecosystems in the world. They have been adversely impacted by human expansion, which affects regional biodiversity by altering the natural habitats of vulnerable, indigenous species. Birds represent a valuable indicator species of environmental change due to their ability to adapt quickly. Investigating the relationship between environmental change, abundance, and behaviors of birds can help us better anticipate potential impacts to island ecosystems. In addition, we can understand the population trends and restricted ranges of native avifauna, identify the regions needing protection, and assess habitat vulnerability linked to anthropogenic activities. In Mo’orea, French Polynesia, we studied nine passerine bird species using automated acoustic recording devices placed in agricultural, forested, and mixed habitats. Based on call counts per unit time and occupancy modeling, we found evidence that three non-native species preferred agricultural areas and low-canopy cover over dense forested areas. Furthermore, native bird detectability and possibly abundance was significantly lower than non-native birds. Using hierarchical cluster analysis to support inferences regarding behavioral differences, we found that native bird calling activity was negatively associated with non-native bird calling activity. Altogether, these results suggest native bird populations are at risk in all of the habitats studied, but forests serve as a potential refuge.
5
Flanders, Aron A., William P. Kuvlesky, Donald C. Ruthven, Robert E. Zaiglin, Ralph L. Bingham, Timothy E. Fulbright, Fidel Hernández, and Leonard A. Brennan. "Effects of Invasive Exotic Grasses on South Texas Rangeland Breeding Birds." Auk 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.171.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractInvasive exotic plants are a major threat to many species of wild birds. When these plants become established and widespread, the floristic composition of native plant communities becomes simplified, which can result in long-term and often irreversible habitat degradation for birds and other animals. Until recently, few studies have focused on the effect of invasive exotic grasses on breeding birds in southwestern rangelands. During the 2001 and 2002 breeding seasons (May-June), we compared the abundance and species richness of breeding birds, native flora, and arthropods on South Texas rangeland plots dominated by native grasses and plots dominated by two invasive exotic grasses, Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) and buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Native-grass cover was >400% greater on native-grass sites than on exotic-grass sites. Forb and grass species-richness were higher on native-grass sites. Shrub canopy cover, bare ground, and vegetation height measurements were similar on native-grass and exotic-grass sites. Overall bird abundance was 32% greater on native-grass sites than on exotic-grass sites. Lark Sparrows (Chondestes grammacus) were 73% more abundant on native-grass sites. Four other species—Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata), Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and Cassin’s Sparrow (Aimophilla cassini)— were 26–70% more abundant on native-grass sites. The guild of birds that foraged on the ground under open brush canopies was almost twice as abundant on native-grass sites. Arthropod abundance was 60% greater on the native-grass site we sampled. Specifically, spiders, beetles, and ants were 42–83% more abundant on a native-grass site than on a buffelgrass site. Compared with rangelands dominated by native vegetation, areas dominated by Lehmann lovegrass and buffelgrass in South Texas appear to provide less suitable habitat for breeding birds, especially for bird species that forage on or near the ground.Efectos de Pastos Invasores Exóticos en las Aves que Nidifican en los Campos de Pastoreo del Sur de Texas
6
Johnson, Tracey, and Anna Chalfoun. "Identifying Avian Community Response to Sagebrush Vegetation Restoration in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 36 (January 1, 2013): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2013.3979.
Full textAbstract:
Approximately 50-60% of native sagebrush steppe has been lost to non-native grasses, which has contributed to population decreases for sagebrush-associated songbirds. Removal of non-native grasses and restoration treatments may return structure and function of sagebrush steppe and ultimately benefit songbirds, but their responses must be evaluated. To determine breeding songbird community responses to sagebrush restoration treatments, in 2013 we conducted bird surveys at restored plots at the Kelly Hayfields restoration area in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. We compared bird communities and vegetation characteristics in restored plots to plots that were unrestored and to areas of native sagebrush steppe as starting and endpoints for restoration, respectively. Unrestored plots were dominated by non-native grasses; restored plots were dominated by forbs and bare ground and had very little shrub cover (< 0.1%). Native sagebrush plots were dominated by shrubs and native bunchgrasses. Bird community composition was distinct among the three types of plots. Abundance of grassland birds was highest in unrestored plots, and was positively related to cover of non-native grass and litter depth. Abundance of shrubland birds was highest in native sagebrush, and was positively associated with shrub cover. There were very few detections of birds in restored plots, and most species were negatively associated with the high levels of bare ground that characterized these plots. Restored areas may initially (â¤5 yrs) provide little breeding bird habitat, which should be accounted for when determining schedules of restoration treatments at Kelly Hayfields.
7
Rockwell, Sarah M., Brian Wehausen, Pam R. Johnson, Andrea Kristof, Jaime L. Stephens, John D. Alexander, and Jenny K. Barnett. "Sagebrush Bird Communities Differ with Varying Levels of Crested Wheatgrass Invasion." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-035.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sagebrush communities, covering millions of hectares in the western United States, are among our most imperiled ecosystems. They are challenged by various anthropogenic stressors, including invasion by nonnative grasses that degrade habitat quality and alter ecosystem function. Sagebrush restoration efforts are underway to improve habitat conditions to benefit a wide range of sagebrush-dependent species. Because birds are good indicators of habitat quality, monitoring avian metrics is an effective way to measure progress of sagebrush restoration. We compared avian community composition and individual species abundance among three sagebrush–steppe habitat types with varying degrees of invasion by nonnative crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum at the Camas National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Idaho, USA. Sagebrush-obligate birds, such as sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus and sagebrush sparrow Artemisiospiza nevadensis, were most abundant in sagebrush habitats with an understory of native grass. Community composition was similar between sagebrush habitats with native and nonnative grasses, but quite different from bird communities occupying crested wheatgrass. The Habitats and Populations Strategies database, a conservation planning tool, predicts that restoration of crested wheatgrass sites to sagebrush in poor or fair condition will increase the density of sagebrush-obligate bird species. Taken together, these results suggest that restoration of crested wheatgrass near-monocultures back to sagebrush will improve habitat value for much of the bird community whether or not the understory can be converted to primarily native grasses, or a mix of natives and nonnatives. Of the sagebrush bird species of concern, Brewer's sparrow Spizella breweri occupied sagebrush habitats with native vs. nonnative understory at similar abundances, and this species could serve as a metric of intermediate restoration success. However, sagebrush sparrow and sage thrasher, which were significant indicators of sagebrush with native grasses, will likely benefit most from full restoration of a native herbaceous understory. Grassland-obligate birds such as horned lark Eremophila alpestris and grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum were most abundant at crested wheatgrass–dominated sites and may not benefit from restoration back to shrubland; managers should understand potential trade-offs.
8
Schuler, Carol A., William H. Rickard, and Glen A. Sargeant. "Conservation of Habitats for Shrubsteppe Birds." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 1 (1993): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003722x.
Full textAbstract:
Extending over a year, all the birds that could be detected were counted on two transects which together sampled an area of 1.39 km2. Only 37 species were recorded during 82 surveys. Total bird density during the spring (March–June) was 43.0 birds/km2, and the density for the entire year was 26.7 birds/km2. The characteristic nesting birds were Western Meadowlark, Sage Sparrow, Burrowing Owl, Mourning Dove, Horned Lark, Long-billed Curlew, Lark Sparrow, and Loggerhead Shrike. Western Meadow-larks and Sage Sparrows were the most abundant nesting birds, having an average density of 11.2 and 7.8 birds/km2, respectively. Seasonal distribution of birds varied with species, but most species were present only from March to September.Sixty-three per cent of the habitat surveyed was dominated by Big Sagebrush, 26% was dominated by Cheatgrass, and the remaining 11% was dominated by Spiny Hopsage. Big Sagebrush habitat supported a greater total bird density than the Cheatgrass or Hopsage habitats. Sage Sparrows were closely associated with Sagebrush habitats, while Western Meadowlarks showed no strong habitat affinities.Extensive habitat modifications induced by more than a century of agriculture and livestock grazing have greatly depleted native Shrubsteppe habitat in the Columbia Basin. Over the past 40 years, the Hanford Site has served as a refugium for Shrubsteppe habitat that supports populations of native Shrubsteppe birds. The concept of the Hanford Site as a refugium for native Shrubsteppe habitat and Shrubsteppe nesting birds is favourably discussed.
9
Reynolds, Michelle H., Richard J. Camp, Bonnie M. B. Nielson, and James D. Jacobi. "Evidence of change in a low-elevation forest bird community of Hawai'i since 1979." Bird Conservation International 13, no. 3 (September 2003): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270903003149.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluated the abundance and distribution of low-elevation forest birds on windward Hawai'i Island during August 1993-February 1994, and present evidence of changes in the species composition of the forest bird community since 1979. Endemic Hawaiian birds occurred in native-dominated forests as low as 120 m elevation. Non-native species were detected at all survey locations. We observed non-native Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola, previously unrecorded in Puna. Variable circular plot surveys of Kahauale'a Natural Area Reserve indicated the disappearance of two native species ('I'iwi Vestiaria coccinea and 'O'u Psittitostra psittacea), and two non-native additions (Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea and Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelana) to the study area since the Hawai'i Forest Bird Survey conducted in 1979. We present evidence that native 'Elepaio Chasiempsis sandwichensis has experienced a decrease in population density and an elevational range contraction since 1979. Surveys indicate Puna's forest bird community has had increasing aliens and declining native species since 1979. The persistence of some native bird species within the range of avian disease vectors such as Culex quinquefasciatus in forests below 1,000 m elevation presents an important enigma that requires additional study.
10
Werema, Chacha, and Charles Wilson. "Avian Use of Habitat Patches Dominated by Exotic Leucaena leucocephala or Native Tree Species in Urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i2.15.
Full textAbstract:
There has been an incursion of an exotic Leucaena leucocephala in disturbed areas and into habitat patches of native tree species in some areas in Tanzania. However, the impacts of this exotic tree on native biodiversity are not well understood. We assessed bird use of habitat patches dominated by L. leucocephala in comparison to patches of native tree species at the University of Dar es Salaam main campus, Tanzania, by comparing bird species richness, abundance and diversity using mist netting. Based on the same mist netting efforts in each habitat patch type, patches of native trees had significantly higher overall diversity (t = 1.999, df = 293.64, p < 0.05) and abundance (χ2 = 40.525, df = 1, p < 0.001) of birds than those dominated by the exotic L. leucocephala and significantly greater abundance of forest-dependent species (χ2 = 10.938, df = 1, p < 0.001) and forest visitors (χ2 = 15.258, df = 1, p < 0.001). The similarity in bird species between the two habitats was 0.658 indicating that many bird species occurred in both habitat types. The lower diversity and overall abundance of birds in the patches dominated by the exotic plant suggest that it does not provide appropriate habitat for many bird species, and further spread of this exotic will be detrimental to the local avifauna.
Keywords: Birds, diversity, native tree species, exotic tree species, Leucaena leucocephala.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Native birds"
1
Cassey, Phillip, and n/a. "Comparative Analyses of Successful Establishment Among Introduced Land Birds." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030915.094001.
Full textAbstract:
Humankind has redistributed a large number of species outside their native geographic ranges. Although the majority of introduction attempts fail to establish populations, the cumulative negative effect of successful non-native species has been and will continue to be large. Historical records of land bird introductions provide one of the richest sources of data for testing hypotheses regarding the factors that affect the successful establishment of non-native populations. However, despite comprehensive summaries of global avian introductions dating back two decades only very recent studies have examined the successful establishment of non-native bird species worldwide. It is clear that a non-random pattern exists in the types of land bird species that have been chosen by humans to be introduced outside their native range. Out of the 44 avian families from which species have been chosen for introduction almost 70% of introduction attempts have been from just five families (Phasianidae, Passeridae, Fringillidae, Columbidae, Psittacidae). Notably, these families include game species, insectivorous song birds, and species from the pet trade. It has been hypothesised that the fate of introduced species may be determined in part by heritable characteristics that are shared by closely related taxa. In my analyses, I have used current comparative methods to demonstrate that intrinsic eco-physiological characteristics are significant predictors of the worldwide success of introduced land bird species. The results of my analyses contribute to a greater ecological understanding of the traits that correlate with the successful establishment of non-native species. Notably, the three major conclusions that I have drawn from this thesis are: 1. Non-random patterns of successful establishment exist for introduced land bird taxa that have experienced a repeated number of introduction attempts. This result supports the idea that introduced species have an inherent likelihood of either succeeding or failing to establish non-native populations. 2. Eco-physiological traits are important correlates for determining the variability in introduction outcome for non-native land bird species. With reliable information on introduction attempts and taxa-specific traits predictive models are possible that quantify the outcome of repeated introduction attempts across non-native species. 3. Islands are not universally less resistant than mainland regions to the successful establishment of non-native species. This perception is a reflection of the greater number of introduction attempts to islands rather than an effect of biotic resistance. Any differences in the success of introduction attempts can be attributed largely to differences in the proportion of introductions that have been made across biogeographic regions. I have highlighted that data are accessible for global analyses of the variability in the successful establishment of non-native species. Although establishment success is not a deterministic process, the characteristics of an introduced species can influence the probability of its succeeding. I have shown that with adequate eco-physiological information, and for introduced land bird species at least, this probability can be predicted. These results refute previous suggestions that the stochastic component of species introductions will always overshadow any emerging patterns of successful establishment among non-native populations.
2
Safford, Roger. "Conservation of the forest-living native birds of Mauritius." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386987.
Full text
3
Morales, Susana Maria. "Effects of transplanting saguaros on native cavity nesting birds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278725.
Full textAbstract:
Expanding urbanization into undisturbed Sonoran Desert vegetation has led to public concern over the removal and destruction of large saguaro cacti (Carnegia gigantea). Development mitigation plans were established requiring transplantation, salvage and replacement of saguaros in certain development sites. However, no research has assessed whether native birds use transplanted saguaros at the same rate as non-transplanted cacti. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of saguaro transplantation on nest use. In Tucson, Arizona, 87 transplanted and 28 non-transplanted saguaros on a developed site and 26 non-transplanted saguaros on an undisturbed site were selected for observation of bird nesting activity during the breeding seasons of 1997 and 1998. Birds showed a preference for saguaros, transplanted or non-transplanted, which were surrounded by native vegetation and in areas with low human activity. I suggest that guidelines be revised for development mitigation standards and saguaro transplanting.
4
Gichohi, Nathan W. "Ecological impacts of biological invasions on native birds in Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4747.
Full textAbstract:
The impacts of biological invasions on native avian diversity have been the subject of many studies in Africa. However, a holistic synthesis of available information from different taxa and their impacts on native birds is lacking. From published information, I analysed the negative and positive effects of biological invaders on native African birds from five taxa: plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals and birds. In order to assess functional gains and losses, native birds were categorized into their functional guilds defined by their primary diet. I limited my scope to mainland Africa at the biome level. ArcView GIS 3.3 software was used to map locational data of impacts within the major biomes. The results indicate that a minimum of 572 native birds are negatively impacted by invasive species from the five taxa. This represents ca 29% of all the bird species in Africa. In contrast, only 191 species of native birds benefited from such invasions. Birds whose diet was primarily insects were disproportionally impacted. The majority of the impacts were caused by invasive plants. At the biome level, the greatest numbers of native birds impacted were in the Montane grassland and shrubland biome. It is predicted that native birds will continue to lose more than they gain from biological invasions in the continent.
5
Pedersen, Simen. "Effects of native and introduced cervids on small mammals and birds." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15935.
Full textAbstract:
Cervids are a widespread family of ungulates, native to the Americas, Europe and Asia and introduced to Australia. Densities of cervids have increased in North America, Europe and Japan during the last couple of decades, due to changes in land use, reduced hunting, lack of large carnivores and changes in management practices. Where they occur at high densities, native and introduced cervids may have profound effects on vegetation, causing knock-on effects on other taxa. Cervids are in some instances managed towards changing the local distribution through supplemental feeding. These supplemental feeding stations are causing localized areas of high cervid abundance in the landscape, and may have effects on plants and animal species. In this thesis I investigate how high cervid densities and the practice of supplemental feeding impact birds and small mammals through effects on; 1) food resources, and 2) habitat structure. Utilizing a simulated moose (Alces alces) browsing experiment, I tested how varying moose densities and varying site productivity affects vole preference for bilberry. I found that voles preferred unbrowsed bilberry at low productivity sites, while they preferred lightly browsed bilberry at high productivity sites, I was however unable to explain the preference pattern with the chemical composition of the bilberry. However, moose do impact vole food preferences and this could, depending on the productivity of the site, potentially affect food selection and population dynamics over large geographical areas. Moose browsing pressure and nutrient input gradually decline with distance from supplemental winter feeding stations. I utilized this gradient to test how moose activity affects reproduction in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and great tits (Parus major). The two species showed contrasting responses to moose feeding stations, great tits preferred to nest away from feeding stations where they showed higher feeding frequency and also produced more fledglings compared to close to feeding stations. Pied flycatchers on the other hand preferred to nest close to feeding stations where they had higher feeding frequency and fledgling mass was higher compared to further away. Hence, for both species moose browsing is affecting food availability that subsequently affects reproductive performance. Moose supplemental feeding stations also changed the habitat for small mammals from dwarf shrub dominated to grass and forb dominated. This did not have any effect on reproductive performance of the small mammals, but it did affect species composition along a gradient from the feeding stations. There was higher abundance of Microtus spp. and common shrews (Sorex araneus) close to feeding stations, while bank voles (Myodes glareoleus) had higher abundance away from feeding stations, the latter however was not statistically significant. Small mammals in Australian coastal heath were generally negatively associated with introduced rusa deer (Cervus timorensis), however one species responded positively to historical densities of rusa deer. It was however not possible to confirm these effects as being due to changes in habitat structure for the small mammals. However they may be explained by qualitative changes in the vegetation or alternatively by direct effects of deer through trampling or predation. Cervids and their management have an impact on other fauna, however the effects vary depending on small mammal and bird species. The effects of cervids also depend on the habitat requirements and foraging preferences of the small mammals and birds. Effects may be mediated through both food resources and habitat structure and are dependent on site productivity and cervid density.
6
Numata, Mihoko, and n/a. "Cytochrome P450 activity and pollutant exposure in New Zealand native birds." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.141101.
Full textAbstract:
Birds are potentially vulnerable to the toxicity of certain environmental pollutants due to limited detoxification capabilities of their liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. In wild birds, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) activity, a marker of CYP1A activity in mammals and domestic chickens, has been used as a biomarker of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The aim of the present study was to investigate hepatic CYP activity as an indication of detoxification capacity in New Zealand birds. In addition to the use of conventional in vitro CYP activity assays, the applicability of a noninvasive CYP activity assay was tested using caffeine as the in vivo substrate.
The ontogeny of liver microsomal 3-hydroxylation of quinine, a marker of human CYP3A activity, was investigated in Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Ross Island, Antarctica. The results indicate that chicks (2-4 weeks old) possess a CYP3A-like isoform(s) as active as but not identical to the CYP3A-like isoform(s) in adults. Total CYP content was low at 2 weeks of age and increased rapidly and linearly approaching adult levels by 4 weeks of age implying a rapid development of CYPs other than the CYP3A-like isoform(s).
The main study was conducted on adult (and some post-fledging immature) birds of two native species, the herbivorous paradise shelduck (Tadorna variegata) and the omnivorous southern black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus). Birds were shot for liver collection at three sites in the South Island of New Zealand; West Coast, Lake Waipori and Dunedin landfill, in 2001-2002. The results indicate that shelducks posssess multiple CYP isoforms that independently catalyse EROD, p-nitrophenol hydroxylation (p-NP) and erythromycin demethylation (EMD), markers of mammalian CYP1A, CYP2E and CYP3A activity, respectively. In contrast, gulls appear to possess a single isoform catalysing both EROD and p-NP but possess no isoform capable of catalysing EMD.
EROD activity was high in shelducks and gulls from the landfill site, although it was not significantly associated with liver concentrations of PCBs (0.079-6.2 and 8.2-310 ng/g in shelducks and gulls, respectively), PCDD/PCDFs, toxic equivalents (TEQs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (0.85-317 and 44-4800 ng/g in shelducks and gulls, respectively) in either species. In shelduck livers from the landfill site, EROD was positively associated with Pb concentration but negatively associated with Hg concentration. Assessment of PCB congener patterns based on concentration ratios of individual congeners to the reference congener, 2,2�,4,4�,5,5�-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC #153), indicate that the metabolism of 2,4,4�-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB#28) and 2,4,4�,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB#74) is inducible in shelducks but not in gulls. Hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) content was higher in gulls than in shelducks suggesting greater resistance to oxidative stress in gulls.
The in vivo caffeine metabolism test as a noninvasive method to determine CYP1A activity in shelducks and gulls gave a positive outcome. The test was performed by administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of caffeine (1 mg/kg body weight) followed by blood collection at 2 and 4 h after caffeine administration for determination of the serum concentration ratio of the metabolite, paraxanthine, to caffeine (PX/CA) by HPLC. In both species, the PX/CA ratio was markedly increased by pretreatment with the model CYP1A inducer, β-naphthoflavone (BNF). BNF treatment also increased EROD activity determined after death (80-fold and 20-fold compared to controls in shelducks and gulls, respectively). However, sensitivity of the PX/CA ratio approach was lower in gulls than in shelducks due presumably to the formation of unidentified caffeine metabolites in gulls. Immunoblot analysis failed to reveal increased CYP protein levels caused by BNF treatment in shelducks and gulls due to poor cross-reactivity of avian proteins with polyclonal antibodies raised against mammalian CYPs.
EROD activity was also determined in livers of the piscivorous yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) (1 chick, 3 post-fledging immature, 1 adult) from Otago, South Island of New Zealand, and found to be below the limit of quantitation. The adult liver contained 18.5 ng/g of total PCBs suggesting that EROD in this species is insensitive to induction. Comparison of the PCB congener pattern based on [PCBx]/[PCB#153] between the penguin and its putative source of PCB exposure, New Zealand marine fish, indicates that CYPs in yellow-eyed penguins metabolise 2,2�,5,5�-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB#52) and 2,2�,4,5,5�-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) as in many other avian species.
The findings of this study highlight substantial species differences in CYP activity in wild birds. Whether CYP expression in New Zealand birds is genetically distinct from birds in other parts of the world may warrant further investigation.
7
Whittaker, Kara Ayn. "Dispersal, habitat use, and survival of native forest songbirds in an urban landscape /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5483.
Full text
8
Jackson, Sally Graves. "Relationships among Birds, Willows, and Native Ungulates in and around Northern Yellowstone National Park." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/263/.
Full text
9
Sullivan, Martin John Patrick. "Predicting the distribution and impacts of non-native birds in the Iberian Peninsula." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48810/.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing numbers of species are being transported beyond their natural range boundaries by humans. These non-native species can have severe negative impacts on native biodiversity. In order to guide management of these species it is important to be able predict where non-native species will spread to, and what impact they will have. This thesis aims to improve our understanding in both these areas, using the expansion of non-native birds in the Iberian Peninsula as a study system. The number of non-native passerines in the Iberian Peninsula has increased in the late 20th century, with the common waxbill Estrilda astrild, yellow-crowned bishop Euplectes afer, red avadavat Amandava amandava and black-headed weaver Ploceus melanocephalus all established as breeding species since 1960. Methods to (1) account for dispersal limitation when modelling the distribution of spreading non-native species and (2) evaluate the likely transferability of native trained species distribution models were developed. The consistency of the species-environment relationship during expansion in the non-native range was also examined. The ability of vacant niches to facilitate the spread of non-native species was tested, and a framework for detecting the early impacts of non-native species was developed. Species distribution models of the potential distribution of non-native species are improved by incorporating dispersal. Dispersal is an important constraint on the distribution of non-native species, and interacts with environmental suitability to alter the species-environment relationship between the range-margin and the range core, and over time. Despite accounting for dispersal limitation in their evaluation, the performance of native-trained species distribution models was poor when most environmental conditions that were analogous to the species native range were within the species niche. Non-native birds in the Iberian Peninsula utilised similar resources to native seed-eating birds, but small differences in resource utilisation allowed them to exploit rice fields, where resources were under-exploited by native species. Non-native birds could also interact with native reedbed nesting passerines, and indeed aggression between black-headed weavers and native Acrocephalus warblers has been recorded. However, we did not find evidence for competition between these species at current population densities of black-headed weavers. Further work on non-native species needs to extend the hybrid dispersal-species distribution models developed here, and also to conduct more assessments of the impacts of non-native species in the early stages of their invasion.
10
Zajc, Elizabeth. "Modelling native bird diversity in the Greater Toronto Area." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/974.
Full textAbstract:
Human-dominated landscapes often have habitat loss and fragmentation. These characteristics described at the landscape scale, called landscape elements, influence species diversity and distribution. These landscape elements include such descriptions as the amount of habitat in the landscape and the degree of fragmentation of the habitat. "Optimization of landscape pattern" studies which landscape elements will maximize species diversity and/or distribution. Some general conclusions have emerged from this research. For example, for some bird species the size of the habitat patch in which a species nests has been found to be more important than landscape variables. However, preliminary research suggested that landscape elements such as the matrix are important urban areas. My study addressed this problem by asking: which elements of the landscape are most important for predicting avian species richness and abundance in the Greater Toronto Area? A literature review revealed a number of variables that have been found to influence bird species diversity within a landscape: area of habitat in which the species nests, amount of habitat within the landscape, degree of fragmentation, vegetation characteristics of the habitat patch, and area within the landscape deemed urban in municipal land-use designations (amount of urbanization). From this literature, I formulated four hypotheses describing the most important variables for avian diversity: (1) the area of the habitat patch is most important, (2) only variables describing the habitat patch itself are important, (3) the area of the habitat patch is important, but landscape variables should also be considered and (4) urbanization is most important. These hypotheses were considered competing explanations of bird species diversity at the landscape scale. A database of breeding bird data and landscape information, in a geographic information system platform, was used to investigate the comparative strength of the competing hypotheses for the Greater Toronto Area. A mathematical expression with a Poisson model format was created to represent each hypothesis. The model selection technique based on Kullback-Leibler information using the Akaike Information Criterion was deemed most appropriate for the comparison of the models. Four separate Poisson model competitions were completed using two habitat types and two response variables: species richness and total abundance. In three of the four competitions, the best model included the habitat area and the amount of urbanization in the landscape. In the forth competition, this model was considered as strong as another model which included habitat area, amount of habitat in the landscape and degree of fragmentation. The results from the model competition support the hypothesis that habitat area is important, but landscape variables must also be considered to explain avian richness and total abundance. It appears that maintaining native bird biodiversity in the Greater Toronto Area should focus on preserving and possibly increasing habitat area and decreasing adjacent urbanization. Exploration of the best model in the forest analysis with the richness response variable found that a 10% increase in habitat area cause approximately a 10% increase in species richness, and a 10% increase in urban area caused approximately a 20% decrease in species richness. Consequently, current natural heritage planning in Ontario should consider urban development as an important negative effect on native birds.
Books on the topic "Native birds"
1
Hallett, David. Native birds of New Zealand. Christchurch, New Zealand: Sandfly Publishing, 2014.
Find full text
2
Bennett, Jonathan Francis. A collection of native New Zealand birds. [Inglewood]: Bennett Brothers, 1999.
Find full text
3
Powlesland, Ralph. New Zealand's native seabirds. Auckland, N.Z: Penguin in association with Dept. of Conservation, 1998.
Find full text
4
Tegerdine, Aaron. Bellingham's greenways as habitat for native birds. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1995.
Find full text
5
Jeremy, Bennett. A collection of native New Zealand birds. Inglewood, N.Z: Bennett Brothers, 1999.
Find full text
6
1948-, Ruppert David, and Cayuga Bird Club, eds. Native plants for native birds: A guide to planting for birds in and around Ithaca, New York. Ithaca, N.Y: Cayuga Bird Club, 2009.
Find full text
7
Naturewatch New Zealand: How to experience New Zealand's native wildlife. Nelson, N.Z: Craig Potton Publishing, 1995.
Find full text
8
Reina, Ruben E. The gift of birds: Featherwork of native South American peoples. Edited by Kensinger Kenneth M, University of Pennsylvania. University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, and Jay I. Kislak Reference Collection (Library of Congress). Philadelphia: The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 1991.
Find full text
9
Authority, New Zealand Conservation. Maori customary use of native birds, plants & other traditional materials. Wellington, N.Z: New Zealand Conservation Authority, 1997.
Find full text
10
E, Reina Ruben, Kensinger Kenneth M, and University of Pennsylvania. University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, eds. The Gift of birds: Featherwork of native South American peoples. Philadelphia, PA: University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Native birds"
1
Goodman, Audrey. "Native/Black Birds." In The Routledge Handbook of North American Indigenous Modernisms, 139–53. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003030485-13.
Full text
2
Filippich, L. J. "First Aid in Birds." In Care and Handling of Australian Native Animals, 53–62. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1990.005.
Full text
3
Reichard, Sarah Hayden, Linda Chalker-Scott, and Solai Buchanan. "Interactions among non-native plants and birds." In Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, 179–223. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1531-9_9.
Full text
4
Rogers, Andrew M., and Salit Kark. "Competition and invasive species impacts on native communities." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 341–49. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0341.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter describes the competition for critical resources, the species interacting over the resource and the functional traits that influence interaction frequency and outcome between native and invasive bird species.
5
Melo, Martim, Peter J. Jones, and Ricardo F. de Lima. "The Avifauna of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 555–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_21.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAlthough birds have always been one of the best-known taxa on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, our understanding of their ecology and evolution has increased substantially in the last two decades. Intensive field-based surveys have allowed the first detailed island-wide distribution maps for most species and a much better grasp of habitat associations, highlighting the importance of native forests for many of the endemic birds. Molecular data have provided important insights into evolutionary history, leading to an extensive revision of the taxonomy of the islands’ endemic avifauna. Most speciation events are much more recent than the age of the islands, indicating a high species turn-over that is likely explained by the islands’ history of intense volcanic activity and their moderate distances to the mainland. These islands have the highest accumulation of endemic bird species for small oceanic islands: at least 29 endemic species occur in three islands with a total area of just over 1000 km2. This may be explained by their particular geographic location: offshore from a species-rich continent at distances that allowed the colonization and evolution in isolation of many distinct lineages. All these contributions are now being used to ensure bird conservation, through updated species conservation status and species action plans for the most threatened species, and also to promote the conservation of the native forests on which most of the endemic birds depend.
6
Avery, Michael L., and Chris J. Feare. "Control or eradication: problems in the management of invasive birds." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 350–62. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0350.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This describes the negative impacts of invasive bird species, including the threats that they pose to native species, the efforts that have been made to reduce or eradicate such impacts, the efficacy of management options and control strategies and case histories of success and failure.
7
Díaz Vélez, M. Celeste, Ana E. Ferreras, and Valeria Paiaro. "Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 90–104. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0090.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.
8
Heleno, Ruben H. "The effect of non-native plant invasions on the dispersal of native seeds." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 256–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0256.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Non-native plants change the communities they integrate in multiple ways, including direct and indirect effects on co-occurring native vegetation. While direct effects are more obvious, indirect effects, i.e. those mediated by biotic interactions with other trophic levels, can also have pervasive consequences for long-term community persistence. Seed dispersal is a critical stage during the life cycle of most plants, as it lays the foundations for plant recruitment patterns and long-term vegetation dynamics. By interacting with seed-dispersing animals, primarily frugivorous birds and mammals, plants can positively or negatively affect the dispersal of co-occurring native seeds. In an increasingly invaded world, it is thus critically important to identify general trends on the direction and magnitude of these effects. This chapter reviews the empirical evidence supporting such changes and the potential underlying mechanisms driving them. While the direct impacts of plant invasions are relatively easy to document, indirect effects are much harder to detect. Nevertheless, the most important consequence of the incorporation of new fruiting plants into native communities seems to be a direct competition for the services provided by the local dispersers, negatively affecting native seed dispersal rates. However, another key message emerging from the literature is that responses are highly idiosyncratic, and usually habitat- and species-specific, and therefore resistant to broad generalizations. Fruiting phenology, and in particular the synchrony/asynchrony between the availability of native and non-native fruits, seems to be a particularly important driver of the direction of the responses (i.e. towards facilitation or competition). However, most evidence is still derived from anecdotal observations and formal community level assessments are largely missing. Similarly, how invasive plants change the emergent structure of seed dispersal networks remains uncertain, with early evidence suggesting that novel seed dispersal networks might be structurally very similar to native ones. Bringing together classic experimental designs and new technical and analytical tools to provide broad synthesis will be vital in the near future to clarify the direction, magnitude and generality of these effects.
9
Murray, Brad R., Chris R. Dickman, Tessa Robson, Adele Haythornthwaite, Andrew J. Cantlay, Noni Dowsett, and Nicole Hills. "Effects of exotic plants in native vegetation on species richness and abundance of birds and mammals." In Pest or Guest, 216–21. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2007.026.
Full text
10
Yelenik, Stephanie G., Carla M. D'Antonio, Evan M. Rehm, and Iain R. Caldwell. "Multiple feedbacks due to biotic interactions across trophic levels can lead to persistent novel conditions that hinder restoration." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 402–20. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0402.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Unlike traditional successional theory, Alternate Stable Equilibrium (ASE) theory posits that more than one community state is possible in a single environment, depending on the order that species arrive. ASE theory is often invoked in management situations where initial stressors have been removed, but native-dominated communities are not returning to degraded areas. Fundamental to this theory is the assumption that equilibria are maintained by positive feedbacks between colonizers and their environment. While ASE has been relatively well studied in aquatic ecosystems, more complex terrestrial systems offer multiple challenges, including species interactions across trophic levels that can lead to multiple feedbacks. Here, we discuss ASE theory as it applies to terrestrial, invaded ecosystems, and detail a case study from Hawai'i that exemplifies how species interactions can favour the persistence of invaders, and how an understanding of interactions and feedbacks can be used to guide management. Our system includes intact native-dominated mesic forest and areas cleared for pasture, planted with non-native grasses, and later planted with a monoculture of a native nitrogen-fixing tree in an effort to restore forests. We discuss interactions between birds, understorey fruiting native species, understorey non-native grasses, soils and bryophytes in separate feedback mechanisms, and explain our efforts to identify which of these feedbacks is most important to address in a management context. Finally, we suggest that using models can help overcome some of the challenges that terrestrial ecosystems pose when studying ASE.
Conference papers on the topic "Native birds"
1
Kerr, Vicki. "Performing nature unnaturally: Musique concrète and the performance of knowledge - one seabird at a time." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.129.
Full textAbstract:
Migratory seabirds are an unseen conduit between marine and terrestrial systems, carrying the nutrients they consume at sea into the forests where they breed. Acting as environmental sentinels, their health and reproductive success provide early warning signals of deteriorating marine eco-systems as the climate changes, and fish stocks decrease. Aotearoa New Zealand is the seabird capital of the world, with ~25% of all species breeding here and ~10% exclusively so. They play a critical role in maintaining healthy ecosystems, with their long-term well-being is closely interconnected with our own prospects for a sustainable future. Now predominantly restricted to off-shore islands due to predation and habitat destruction, seabirds and their familiar sounds have become less available in an age when the unprecedented global movement and planetary spread of the human population has culminated in unsustainable fishing, predators and habitat destruction. Inspiring mythology, song, poetry and stories, birds have been significant in shaping our understanding of how our natural environment has come to be known and understood. This paper speculates upon how we learn to communicate and cooperate with these precious taonga, and what might be learned from such an exchange through creative practice. Reflecting upon what birds might tell us, musician Matthew Bannister and I, a visual artist, have taken our cue from seabirds sharing our local environment on the west coast of Aotearoa - from the petrel (peera) through to the gannet (tākapu). Working on the premise that bird vocalisation is a performed negotiation that includes defence of territory and mate attraction, a bird’s call is a form of communication that effectively says “Come here” or “Go away”, which arguably is true of music – marking a social space and time to invite or repel. Rather than limiting bird calls to functionalist categories of explanation, we ask whether seabirds can communicate and exchange information about environmental changes using a malleable vocabulary, comprised of unique acoustic units arranged and re-arranged sequentially for greater communicative depth. Granting a high level of agency and creativity to birds as opposed to believing a bird only avails itself of stereotyped ‘speech’ to survive an accident-rich environment, places greater importance on responses that are improvised directly upon environmental stimuli as irritant rather than as a signal. Matthew explores bird calls via musique concrète, sampling recordings of seabirds to abstract the musical values of bird song conventions – a human response to the ‘other’ in jointly formed compositions, reflecting a living evolving relationship between composer and bird. In further developing our research into a multimedia artwork, I shall extend a technique used for electroacoustic composition (granular synthesis) to video portraits of composer/performer and bird. In applying granular synthesis techniques to video, tiny units of image and sampled sound are reassembled within the frames. Through the mixing of existing synthesised sequences, performer/composer and bird become active participants in the making and remaking of a shared environment, articulating the limits of space/territory to find new ways to be heard within it.
2
Icaza, Daniel, Angelica Ordoez, Eduardo Ochoa, Cesar Juela, Paula Blandin, and Fernando Icaza. "Monitoring of Illegal Activities in the Border Area Between Ecuador and Colombia Using Telecommunications Networks and Microcameras Supplied by Solar Energy Installed in Native Birds." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Automation/XXIII Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control (ICA-ACCA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca.2018.8609782.
Full text
3
Yang, Tao, Dongwon Lee, and Su Yan. "Steeler nation, 12th man, and boo birds." In ASONAM '13: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2013. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2492517.2492551.
Full text
4
Mouchet, Sébastien R., Rémy Wauters, Emile Haye, Stéphane Lucas, and Olivier Deparis. "UV-reflecting coating for bird-safe window optimized for bird and human visual perception (Conference Presentation)." In Light in Nature IX, edited by Joseph A. Shaw, Katherine Creath, and Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2633391.
Full text
5
Kleimenova, N. G., J. Manninen, T. Turunen, L. I. Gromova, Yu V. Fedorenko, A. S. Nikitenko, and O. M. Lebed. "Unexpected high-frequency “birds”-type VLF emissions." In Physics of Auroral Phenomena. FRC KSC RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2588-0039.2020.43.008.
Full textAbstract:
The new typeof daytime natural VLF whistler mode emissions of the magnetospheric origin was recently found in the VLF observations at Kannuslehto station (L ~ 5.5) in Northern Finland.These VLF events occurred at the frequencies above 4-5 kHzeven up to 15 kHz. Here we present the different spectra of this peculiar daytime high-frequency VLF emissions observed under quiet geomagnetic conditions at auroral latitudes at Kannuslehto (Finland) and Lovozero (Russia) stations. These high-frequency waves cannot be attributed to typical well known VLF chorus and hiss. They became visible on the spectrograms only after the filtering out sferics originating by the lightning discharges and hiding all natural high-frequency signals. After this filtering, it was found a large collection of different natural VLF signals observed as a sequence of right-polarized short (less than 1-2 minutes) patches at frequencies above 4-5 kHz, i.e. at higher frequencythan a half the equatorial electron gyrofrequency at the L-shell of Kannuslehto and Lovozero. These emissions were called “birds” due to their chirped sounds. It was established that the “birds” are typically occur during the daytime only under quiet space weather conditions. But in this time, small magnetic substorms were could be observed in the night sector of the Earth. Here we also show the recently observed series of the “bird-mode” emissions with various bizarre quasi-periodic dynamic spectra, sometimes consisting of two (and even more) frequency bands. The “birds” occur simultaneously at Kannuslehto and Lovozero with similar spectral structure demonstrating their common source. It seems that the “birds” emissions are generated deep inside the magnetosphere at the low L-shells. But the real nature, the generation region and propagation behavior of these VLF emissions remain still unknown. Moreover, nobody can explain how the waves could reach the ground at the auroral latitudes like Kannuslehto and Lovozero as well as which magnetospheric driver could generate this very complicated spectral feature of the emissions.
6
Hereford, James, and Christian Blum. "FlockOpt: A new swarm optimization algorithm based on collective behavior of starling birds." In 2011 Third World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2011.6089411.
Full text
7
Matta, Alexander, and Javid Bayandor. "An Analytical Study on the Effect of Active Wing Folding and Twist on the Aerodynamic Performance and Energy Consumption of a Bio-Inspired Ornithopter." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7741.
Full textAbstract:
The vast majority of bird scale ornithopters still utilize single active degree of freedom wings in which the flapping motion is actuated at the root of the wing. Yet, as we look to nature, we see that birds utilize more than one active degree of freedom. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of dynamic wing twist and wing folding on lift and thrust produced by a flapping wing as well as their effects on power consumption. The method of analysis this study utilizes is a version of MST, a Modified Strip Theory, in order to model the aerodynamics of the wing. Both non-folding and folding wing scenarios are considered where the parameters varied include dynamic wing twist amplitude, time averaged wing twist, and dynamic wing twist and flapping phase offset. Furthermore, unlike many other theoretical studies, when examining power consumption both the aerodynamic force as well as inertial effects are considered as inertial effects can be of the same order as aerodynamic force. Moreover, the negative power occurring on the upstroke cannot be always considered to lead to energy transfer back into the system as many studies assume. Thus, this study discusse the impact of negative power and its implications on ornithopter design.
8
Parashar, Monika, Swati Rajput, Hari Mohan Dubey, and Manjaree Pandit. "Optimization of benchmark functions using a nature inspired bird swarm algorithm." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence & Communication Technology (CICT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciact.2017.7977280.
Full text
9
Zamarrón, C. "BINDING OF NATIVE PLASMINOGEN TO FIBRIN AND TO SOME FI BRINOGEN/FIBRIN DERIVATIVES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644832.
Full textAbstract:
In the fibrinolytic process: (a) fibrin provides a surface on which the major reactions of fibrinolysis occurs: the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the cleavage of fibrin by plasmin and the inhibition of plasmin by α2-antiplasmin, (b) some fibrinogen derivatives (e.g. the cyanogen bromide digested fibrinogen fragment denominated FCB-2) can exert stimulatory properties on the plasminogen activation and (c) the initial cleavage of fibrin by plasmin increases the rate conversion of plasminogen to plasmin.The purpose of the present work has been to correlate these three aspects of the fibrinolytic process with the binding of native plasminogen (Glu-Pg) to fibrin (Fn) , fibrinogen (Fg) and Fn/Fg derivatives.The Glu-Pg-Fg interaction, if exists, it is not detectable in equilibrium conditions by analytical centrifu gation. By using a solid-phase fibrin clot system (purified system) the Glu-Pg-Fn interaction gives the following dissociation constants: Kd=3.5×10−6 M and 1.2×10−5 m (unwashed and washed clots respectively). Being two the number of plasminogen binding sites per fibrin fibrin monomer. By activation with streptokinase or urokinase the amount of Pg required for an effective lysis of the fibrin clots is lower when the Pg is endogenous (inside the clot) versus exogenous (outside the clot).The binding of the isolated fragments of the cyanogen bromide digested fibrinogen to Glu-Pg was studied by affinity chromatography on Glu-Pg-Sepharose. The only fragment bound to Glu-Pg and eluted with 10 mM ε-amino caproic acid (ε;-ACA) was the fragment denominated FCB-2 The soluble fibrin monomer after 20 min plasmin digestion also binds to immobilized Glu-Pg and it is eluted with ε-ACA.Therefore, the binding of native plasminogen to fibrin and to some fibrinogen/fibrin derivatives is a determinant factor in the three aspects of the fibrinolytic process mencioned above.
10
Widholm, Scott, and Mariappan Jawaharlal. "Analysis of Cassowary Casques for Shock Absorption." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65120.
Full textAbstract:
The cassowary, a large flightless bird native to Australia, is best known for the helmet-like casque on its head. This casque looks like a large bony fin, but actually is a hollow structure made of keratin. Because the cassowary uses this casque to ram trees to knock down fruit, it is thought that the structure might provide much of the shock-absorbing qualities needed to keep the head safe. This analysis is a first look into this possibility.
Reports on the topic "Native birds"
1
Rumble, Mark A., Carolyn Hull Sieg, Daniel W. Uresk, and Jody Javersak. Native woodlands and birds of South Dakota: Past and present. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-8.
Full text
2
Hoy, Michael D. Herons and Egrets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7208742.ws.
Full textAbstract:
Herons and egrets commonly cause damage at aquaculture facilities and recreational fishing waters where fish are held at high densities. Fish-eating birds also can have an impact on intensively managed sport fisheries. Damage occurs when herons and egrets feed on fish purchased and released for recreational sport fishing activities. Values of these fish can be quite high given the intensity of management activities and the direct relationship of fishery quality to property value. Herons and egrets are freshwater or coastal birds of the family Ardeidae. Herons and egrets discussed in this section are all piscivorous. They are opportunistic feeders, however, and will consume small amphibians, insects, and reptiles. Due to these food preferences, herons and egrets are attracted to shallow lakes and human-made impoundments. Native bird species are covered under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and given federal protection. Depredation permits can be obtained through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In addition, individual states may require their own permits for legal take of these bird species.
3
Avery, Michael L., and James R. Lindsay. Monk Parakeets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208743.ws.
Full textAbstract:
Since their introduction to the United States in the 1960s, monk parakeets (Myiopsittamonachus) have thrived. Monk parakeets often construct nests on man-made structures, such as electric utility facilities and cell phone towers. Monk parakeets are non-native and not protected by the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Their status at the State level varies considerably─from no regulation to complete protection. Thus, it is best to consult with the appropriate local wildlife management agency before initiating any control efforts. The monk parakeet is a popular cage bird, and although imports from South America have ceased, many are available in the U.S. through captive breeding and from individuals who take young birds from nests.
4
Dolbeer, Richard A., and George M. Llnz. Blackbirds. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207732.ws.
Full textAbstract:
The term blackbird loosely refers to a diverse group of about 10 species of North American birds that belong to the avian family Icteridae. The most common species include: Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus, Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), Yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus). They can cause damage to crops and fruits. Some of them may cause damage to livestock feed in feedlots and some of them may be a cause for concern in the future, due to the potential for disease transmission, with their expanding range. There is potential to amplify and spread disease to humans such as avian influenza although there is no evidence that this happened. Blackbirds are native migratory birds, and thus come under the jurisdiction of the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), a formal treaty with Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. Blackbirds have federal protection in the U.S.
5
Vermeulen, Michael. The Influence of Neighborhood Landscape Characteristics on Native Bird Communities: Implications for Increasing Biodiversity in Our Yards. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7009.
Full text
6
Marks, David R. Mute Swans. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208745.ws.
Full textAbstract:
Mute swans (Cygnus olor) are an invasive species originally brought to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for ornamental ponds and lakes, zoos and aviculture collections. Original populations were located in northeastern states along the Hudson Valley but have since expanded to several Midwestern states and portions of the western U.S. and Canada. Mute swan damage includes competing with native waterfowl, destroying native plants, spreading disease, and colliding with aircraft. They are also considered a nuisance in some areas due to their abundant fecal droppings and aggressiveness towards people. Some have questioned the status of mute swans as an introduced species, but multiple reviews by scientists and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service clearly support the conclusion that mute swans are not native to North America. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act, therefore, does not protect mute swans, and management authority falls under jurisdiction of the states and Tribes.
7
Martin, Kathi, Nick Jushchyshyn, and Claire King. Christian Lacroix Evening gown c.1990. Drexel Digital Museum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/wq7d-mc48.
Full textAbstract:
The URL links to a website page in the Drexel Digital Museum (DDM) fashion image archive containing a 3D interactive panorama of an evening gown by French fashion designer Christian Lacroix with related text. This evening gown by Christian Lacroix is from his Fall 1990 collection. It is constructed from silk plain weave, printed with an abstract motif in the bright, deep colors of the local costumes of Lacroix's native Arles, France; and embellished with diamanté and insets of handkerchief edged silk chiffon. Ruffles of pleated silk organza in a neutral bird feather print and also finished with a handkerchief edge, accentuate the asymmetrical draping of the gown. Ruching, controlled by internal drawstrings and ties, creates volume and a slight pouf, a nod to 'le pouf' silhouette Lacroix popularized in his collection for Patou in 1986. Decorative boning on the front of the bodice reflects Lacroix's early education as a costume historian and his sartorial reinterpretation of historic corsets. It is from the private collection of Mari Shaw. The panorama is an HTML5 formatted version of an ultra-high resolution ObjectVR created from stitched tiles captured with GigaPan technology. It is representative the ongoing research of the DDM, an international, interdisciplinary group of researchers focused on production, conservation and dissemination of new media for exhibition of historic fashion.
8
About effect of nature processes on forming of fauna of fishes, birds, and their parasites at the Lake Baikal. LJournal, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/a-2017-115.
Full text