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Journal articles on the topic 'Native bees'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Potter, Daniel A., and Bernadette M. Mach. "Non-Native Non-Apis Bees Are More Abundant on Non-Native Versus Native Flowering Woody Landscape Plants." Insects 13, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13030238.

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Urban ecosystems can support diverse communities of wild native bees. Because bloom times are conserved by geographic origin, incorporating some non-invasive non-native plants in urban landscapes can extend the flowering season and help support bees and other pollinators during periods when floral resources from native plants are limiting. A caveat, though, is the possibility that non-native plants might disproportionately host non-native, potentially invasive bee species. We tested that hypothesis by identifying all non-native bees among 11,275 total bees previously collected from 45 species of flowering woody landscape plants across 213 urban sites. Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., accounted for 22% of the total bees and 88.6% of the non-native bees in the collections. Six other non-native bee species, accounting for 2.86% of the total, were found on 16 non-native and 11 native woody plant species. Non-Apis non-native bees in total, and Osmia taurus Smith and Megachile sculpturalis (Smith), the two most abundant species, were significantly more abundant on non-native versus native plants. Planting of favored non-native hosts could potentially facilitate establishment and spread of non-Apis non-native bees in urban areas. Our host records may be useful for tracking those bees’ distribution in their introduced geographical ranges.

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2

Abhat, Divya. "Why Nature meeds its native bees." Wildlife Professional 2, no. 1 (2008): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4004/1933-2866(2008)2[28:tbob]2.0.co;2.

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3

Mallinger, Rachel, Anne Yasalonis, Gary Knox, and Wayne Hobbs. "Attracting Native Bees to Your Florida Landscape." EDIS 2019, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1255-2019.

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Florida is home to approximately 315 species of native wild bees. These bees rely on flowers for survival; their diets consist exclusively of pollen and nectar harvested from flowers. Recently reported declines in some bee species have heightened awareness of bee conservation across the United States and motivated efforts to increase floral resources for bees. This 7-page fact sheet written by Rachel E. Mallinger, Wayne Hobbs, Anne Yasalonis, and Gary Knox and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department shows how gardeners and land managers can aid in conservation efforts by planting flowers for bees in home or community gardens. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN1255

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4

Felker, Peter, and Ron Bunch. "The importance of native bees, especially cactus bees (Diadasia spp) in the pollination of cactus pears." Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 18 (June 17, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v18i.49.

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The edible pulp size of cactus pear fruit is highly correlated with seed content, which in turn iscorrelated with the effectiveness of pollination. In California commercial orchards, honey bees(Apis mellifera) are not nearly as efficient pollinators as the very docile, ground dwelling,solitary, native cactus bee (Diadasia spp). Much additional work on native bees is needed todevelop practical methods to: a) establish cactus bees on other plantations, b) manipulate thedate of emergence to coincide with late/early flowering, c) develop protocols to safely applypesticides to control insects such as cochineal without harming native bees, and d) developother native insect pollinators early in the season (February/early March) when Opuntiaflowers are available but no insect pollinators are available.

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5

Morris, Beryl, Ronald V. Southcott, and Allen E. Gale. "Effects of stings of Australian native bees." Medical Journal of Australia 149, no. 11-12 (December 1988): 707–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120832.x.

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6

Goulson, Dave. "Effects of Introduced Bees on Native Ecosystems." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34, no. 1 (November 2003): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132355.

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7

Kimmel, Chase Billingsley. "A Guide to Native Bees of Australia." Florida Entomologist 102, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0330.

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8

Sheppard, David. "Getting it right for native wild bees." Bee World 79, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.1998.11099369.

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9

White, J. "Effects of stings of Australian native bees." Toxicon 28, no. 5 (January 1990): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(90)90310-4.

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10

Goulson, Dave. "Keeping bees in their place: impacts of bees outside their native range." Bee World 85, no. 3 (January 2004): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2004.11099622.

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11

Vaughan, Mace, and Scott Hoffman Black. "Native pollinators: how to protect and enhance habitat for native bees." Native Plants Journal 9, no. 2 (July 2008): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/npj.2008.9.2.80.

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12

Gleadow, Roslyn, Jim Hanan, and Alan Dorin. "Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (November 14, 2019): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20190063.

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Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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13

Broussard, Melissa, Sujaya Rao, William P. Stephen, and Linda White. "Native Bees, Honeybees, and Pollination in Oregon Cranberries." HortScience 46, no. 6 (June 2011): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.6.885.

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Cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) relies on insect pollination for berry production. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) have historically provided this service, but their recent decline has underscored the need for additional pollinators. The objective of this study was to determine the richness and abundance of native bees in the cranberry-growing area of southern coastal Oregon and compare foraging behaviors of honeybees and native bees. In a 2-year study, we collected over 27 native bee species in traps set out during and after bloom (mid-May to mid-June). During 67 2-min observations, honeybees (68.1%) and three species of bumble bees (Bombus spp.; 31.6%) comprised 99.7% of foragers. The dominant bumble bee was Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski (56.0%). Multivariate regression of temperature and wind speed data indicated that both were significantly predictive of honeybee and bumble bee foragers (P < 0.001). The interquartile range for foraging was 18.3 to 22.2 °C for bumble bees and 21.1 to 26.7 °C for honeybees. Over 75% of honeybees were seen foraging above the average observed temperature (19.5 °C). Bumble bee pollen loads had a greater dry mass (6.8 ± 12.9 mg) than those of honeybees (2.0 ± 3.6 mg; P < 0.001), and the latter were observed collecting nectar but no pollen more often (during 37.2% of visits) than bumble bees (11.3% of visits). Based on our results, bumble bees in general, and B. vosnesenskii in particular, may be providing significant pollination services for Oregon cranberry farms. However, to maintain current native bumble bee populations, conservation efforts are recommended.

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14

Keyser, Patrick D., David A. Buehler, John H. Fike, Deborah L. Finke, Samuel D. Fuhlendorf, James A. Martin, Harley D. Naumann, and S. Ray Smith. "The Birds and the Bees: Producing Beef and Conservation Benefits on Working Grasslands." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081934.

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Globally, grasslands have been heavily degraded, more so than any other biome. Grasslands of the eastern U.S. are no exception to this trend and, consequently, native biota associated with the region’s >20 million ha of agricultural grasslands are under considerable stress. For example, grassland associated breeding bird populations have declined precipitously in recent decades as have numerous species of pollinators. Although there is increasing awareness of the role grasslands can play in global carbon cycles and in providing high quality dietary proteins needed by an increasing global population, there is a lack of awareness of the alarming trends in the sustainability of the native biota of these ecosystems. Here, we present the status of this conservation challenge and offer prospective solutions through a working lands conservation approach. Such a strategy entails maintaining appropriate disturbances (i.e., grazing, fire, and their combination), improved grazing management, an increased reliance on native grasses and forbs, and improved plant diversity within pastures. Furthermore, we note some examples of opportunities to achieve these goals, offer suggestions for agricultural and conservation policy, and provide a framework for evaluating tradeoffs that are inevitably required when pursuing a multi-purpose grassland management framework.

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15

Evans, Elaine, Matthew Smart, Dan Cariveau, and Marla Spivak. "Wild, native bees and managed honey bees benefit from similar agricultural land uses." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 268 (December 2018): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.014.

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16

Requier, Fabrice, Lionel Garnery, Patrick L. Kohl, Henry K. Njovu, Christian W. W. Pirk, Robin M. Crewe, and Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter. "The Conservation of Native Honey Bees Is Crucial." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34, no. 9 (September 2019): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.04.008.

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17

Batley, Michael, and Katja Hogendoorn. "Diversity and conservation status of native Australian bees." Apidologie 40, no. 3 (May 2009): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009018.

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18

Prendergast, Kit S., Kingsley W. Dixon, and Philip W. Bateman. "Interactions between the introduced European honey bee and native bees in urban areas varies by year, habitat type and native bee guild." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 133, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 725–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab024.

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Abstract European honey bees have been introduced across the globe and may compete with native bees for floral resources. Compounding effects of urbanization and introduced species on native bees are, however, unclear. Here, we investigated how honey bee abundance and foraging patterns related to those of native bee abundance and diversity in residential gardens and native vegetation remnants for 2 years in urbanized areas of the Southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot and assessed how niche overlap influenced these relationships. Honey bees did not overtly suppress native bee abundance; however, complex relationships emerged when analysing these relationships according to body size, time of day and floral resource levels. Native bee richness was positively correlated with overall honeybee abundance in the first year, but negatively correlated in the second year, and varied with body size. Native bees that had higher resource overlap with honey bees were negatively associated with honey bee abundance, and resource overlap between honey bees and native bees was higher in residential gardens. Relationships with honey bees varied between native bee taxa, reflecting adaptations to different flora, plus specialization. Thus, competition with introduced bees varies by species and location, mediated by dietary breadth and overlap and by other life-history traits of individual bee species.

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19

Prendergast, Kit S., Nicolas Leclercq, and Nicolas J. Vereecken. "Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) outnumber native bees in Tasmanian apple orchards: Perspectives for balancing crop production and native bee conservation." Austral Entomology 60, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aen.12521.

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20

Cartiere, Cameron. "On Talking to Bees." Public 31, no. 59 (June 1, 2019): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public.31.59.190_1.

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A reflection on the evolution of group and swarm communications in a multi-city, international collaborative SSHRC-funded research project in support of native pollinators, considering the communications of the bees to their keepers as well as to each other, and how the land as their artistic collaborator communicates to the human partners (the university, the city, the artists), along with human and organizational signals.

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21

Meiners, Joan M., Terry L. Griswold, David J. Harris, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. "Bees without Flowers: Before Peak Bloom, Diverse Native Bees Find Insect-Produced Honeydew Sugars." American Naturalist 190, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/692437.

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22

Gemeda, Tolera Kumsa, Youquan Shao, Wenqin Wu, Huipeng Yang, Jiaxing Huang, and Jie Wu. "Native Honey Bees Outperform Adventive Honey Bees in Increasing Pyrus bretschneideri (Rosales: Rosaceae) Pollination." Journal of Economic Entomology 110, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 2290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox286.

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23

Tepedino, Vincent J., Diane Gail Alston, Brosi A. Bradley, Trent R. Toler, and Terry L. Griswold. "Orchard pollination in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA. Honey bees or native bees?" Biodiversity and Conservation 16, no. 11 (March 21, 2007): 3083–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9164-8.

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24

Barbosa, Wagner F., Guy Smagghe, and Raul Narciso C. Guedes. "Pesticides and reduced-risk insecticides, native bees and pantropical stingless bees: pitfalls and perspectives." Pest Management Science 71, no. 8 (May 18, 2015): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4025.

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25

Merrick, Laura C., Frank Drummond, Constance Stubbs, and Rhonda Weber. "216 Squash Pollination by Honey Bees vs. Native Pollinators in Maine." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 479C—479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.479c.

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Managed and feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies have declined dramatically in the past decade due largely to parasitic mites, pesticide contamination, and severe weather. Squash (Cucurbita spp.) is one of many agricultural crops whose production may be negatively effected by decline of these pollinators. A study was conducted on a set of nine farms in Maine to assess the relationship between bee abundance and fruit set of summer and winter squash. The organic and conventional farms targeted in the study included farms with and without the presence of honey bees. With winter squash, fields with more bees tended to exhibit higher fruit set. The average fruit set was slightly higher for farms with honey bees (42%) vs. those without (35%), but both types of farms were similar to that found in controlled hand pollinations (31% on average). In contrast, fruit set for summer squash averaged 95% to 96% for all farms, regardless of the relative abundance of censused bees. Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) were the most abundant wild bees found pollinating squash. Farms with honey bees on average had higher numbers of bees in squash flowers than farms without honey bees, although a difference in preference for floral sex type was detected for bee taxa. Honey bees were much more likely to be found in female flowers, while bumble bees were more abundant in male flowers. Significantly more native bees were found in squash flowers on farms without honey bee hives, although native bees were still present to some extent on farms that were dominated by Apis mellifera.

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26

Fitch, Gordon, Caleb J. Wilson, Paul Glaum, Chatura Vaidya, Maria-Carolina Simao, and Mary A. Jamieson. "Does urbanization favour exotic bee species? Implications for the conservation of native bees in cities." Biology Letters 15, no. 12 (December 2019): 20190574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0574.

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A growing body of research indicates that cities can support diverse bee communities. However, urbanization may disproportionately benefit exotic bees, potentially to the detriment of native species. We examined the influence of urbanization on exotic and native bees using two datasets from Michigan, USA. We found that urbanization positively influenced exotic—but not native—bee abundance and richness, and that this association could not be explained by proximity to international ports of entry, prevalence of exotic flora or urban warming. We found a negative relationship between native and exotic bee abundance at sites with high total bee abundance, suggesting that exotic bees may negatively affect native bee populations. These effects were not driven by the numerically dominant exotic honeybee, but rather by other exotic bees. Our findings complicate the emerging paradigm of cities as key sites for pollinator conservation.

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27

Dohzono, Ikumi, Yoko Kawate Kunitake, Jun Yokoyama, and Koichi Goka. "ALIEN BUMBLE BEE AFFECTS NATIVE PLANT REPRODUCTION THROUGH INTERACTIONS WITH NATIVE BUMBLE BEES." Ecology 89, no. 11 (November 2008): 3082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1491.1.

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28

Hicks, B. J., B. L. Pilgrim, E. Perry, and H. D. Marshall. "Observations of native bumble bees inside of commercial colonies ofBombus impatiens(Hymenoptera: Apidae) and the potential for pathogen spillover." Canadian Entomologist 150, no. 4 (June 7, 2018): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.28.

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AbstractMany fruit producers use commercial colonies ofBombus impatiensCresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to supplement crop pollination by native bees. A small number of Newfoundland (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) farmers forego purchasing new colonies and, instead, purchase previously used colonies from crops in other provinces. This practice has potentially dangerous implications that may adversely affect future native bee diversity in Newfoundland. This study is the first to record the presence of native bumble bee species inside the colonies of new and pre-used commercialB. impatiensand the first to look at diseases in native bumble bees from Newfoundland. Polymerase chain reaction and taxon-specific oligonucleotides were used to screen the commercial and native bumble bee species for pathogens.Crithidia bombi(Lipa and Triggiani), Apicystis bombi(Liu, Macfarlane, and Pengelly),Nosema bombiFantham and Porter, Nosema ceranaeFrieset al., and species ofAscosphaeraOlive and Spiltoir, were detected in native bumble bees that were collected from inside the new and pre-used commercialB. impatiens.Crithidia bombi,A. bombi, andN. bombiwere also detected among native bees that were collected away from the commercial colonies.Nosema apis(Zander) andMelissococcus plutonius(White) were not detected in any of the bees tested. The mixing of native bumble bees inB. impatienscolonies increases the potential for pathogen spillover and spillback that may threaten the small and vulnerable island bee fauna.

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29

Grajales-Conesa, Julieta, Virginia Meléndez-Ramírez, Leopoldo Cruz-López, and Daniel Sánchez. "Native bees in blooming orange (Citrus sinensis) and lemon (C. limon) orchards in Yucatán, Mexico." ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.) 29, no. 2 (August 31, 2013): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.2013.2921124.

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The objective of this study was to determine the richness and abundance of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in orange and lemon orchards in bloom in Yucatan, Mexico. Eight were collected species of bees; 98% of the specimens corresponded to Apis mellifera, and the remaining 2% to bees native These findings are discussed based on the ecology of native bees and previous studiesin the same area of study.

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30

Gascon, Cecilia N., Amalia E. Almazol, Ronald C. Garcia, and Maynard M. Vitoriano. "Diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Philippines." Folia Oecologica 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0003.

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Abstract Native bees are pollinators and bioindicators of ecosystem health but only little is known about its abundance, species distribution, and habitat range, especially in the Philippines. This study assessed the diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBDL). Belt transect coupled with opportunistic sampling were used in the inventory of bees and their nests. Nests occurrence and 7 environmental predictor variables including; 1) annual mean temperature; 2) precipitation of warmest quarter; 3) elevation; 4) slope; 5) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); 6) distance to agricultural areas (m); and 7) distance to forested areas (m) were used for modeling species distribution by MaxEnt. A total of 16 species of native bees including representatives from genus Apis, Tetragonula, Lasioglossum, Halictus, Hylaeus and Megachile were identified. A total of 96 bee nests from 5 species were also recorded yielding a nests density of 234 nests per km2. Results showed medium diversity of solitary native bees with H’ of 2.488. Most bee nests were found in lower elevations while the distance from agricultural areas and the distance from forest areas had the highest contributions to the nesting of Apis breviligula, A. cerana, and Tetragonula biroi. The mean distance from forest areas of all bee nests was 649.930 m and the mean extent of suitable area for these species was 5.340 km2. Hence, a landscape approach may be more appropriate to conserve native bees and sustain the ecosystem services they provide in MBDL.

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31

Winfree, Rachael, Neal M. Williams, Jonathan Dushoff, and Claire Kremen. "Native bees provide insurance against ongoing honey bee losses." Ecology Letters 10, no. 11 (November 2007): 1105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01110.x.

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32

Woodard, S. Hollis, Sarah Federman, Rosalind R. James, Bryan N. Danforth, Terry L. Griswold, David Inouye, Quinn S. McFrederick, et al. "Towards a U.S. national program for monitoring native bees." Biological Conservation 252 (December 2020): 108821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108821.

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33

Hung, Keng-Lou James, Jennifer M. Kingston, Adrienne Lee, David A. Holway, and Joshua R. Kohn. "Non-native honey bees disproportionately dominate the most abundant floral resources in a biodiversity hotspot." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1897 (February 20, 2019): 20182901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2901.

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Most plant–pollinator mutualisms are generalized. As such, they are susceptible to perturbation by abundant, generalist, non-native pollinators such as the western honey bee ( Apis mellifera ), which can reach high abundances and visit flowers of many plant species in their expansive introduced range. Despite the prevalence of non-native honey bees, their effects on pollination mutualisms in natural ecosystems remain incompletely understood. Here, we contrast community-level patterns of floral visitation by honey bees with that of the diverse native pollinator fauna of southern California, USA. We show that the number of honey bees visiting plant species increases much more rapidly with flower abundance than does that of non-honey bee insects, such that the percentage of all visitors represented by honey bees increases with flower abundance. Thus, honey bees could disproportionately impact the most abundantly blooming plant species and the large numbers of both specialized and generalized pollinator species that they sustain. Honey bees may preferentially exploit high-abundance floral resources because of their ability to recruit nest-mates; these foraging patterns may cause native insect species to forage on lower-abundance resources to avoid competition. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding foraging patterns of introduced pollinators in order to reveal their ecological impacts.

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34

Gruver, Andrea, and Paul CaraDonna. "Chicago Bees: Urban Areas Support Diverse Bee Communities but With More Non-Native Bee Species Compared to Suburban Areas." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (June 11, 2021): 982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab048.

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Abstract Urbanization is rapidly growing worldwide, yet we still do not fully understand how it affects many organisms. This may be especially true for wild bees that require specific nesting and floral resources and have been threatened by habitat loss. Our study explores the response of wild bee communities to an urbanization gradient in the Chicagoland region of Illinois. Specifically, we explored how both landscape scale impervious surface and local floral diversity across an urbanization gradient influenced 1) the composition of local bee communities, 2) the richness of native and non-native bees, and 3) the composition of bee functional traits. Over the course of our study, we documented 2,331 bees belonging to 83 different species, 13 of which were not native to North America. We found that impervious surface influenced the overall composition of bee communities. In particular, highly urban areas were composed of more non-native bee species and fewer native bee species. Additionally, bee richness and native bee richness responded positively to floral resources. Bee functional trait responses were variable, with floral diverse sites supporting greater richness of ground nesting, eusocial, and generalist bees regardless of landscape-level impervious surface. Importantly, our study provides evidence that urban areas can support diverse bee communities, but urban and suburban bee communities do differ in composition. Thus, bee conservation efforts in urban areas should focus on creating floral diverse habitats to help support more bee species, specifically native bee species, while also considering which bees are best supported by these conservation efforts.

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35

Macias-Macias, O., J. Chuc, P. Ancona-Xiu, O. Cauich, and J. J. G. Quezada-Euán. "Contribution of native bees and Africanized honey bees (Hymenoptera:Apoidea) to Solanaceae crop pollination in tropical México." Journal of Applied Entomology 133, no. 6 (July 2009): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01399.x.

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36

Giri, Susma, and Michael Dillon. "Seasonal and Altitudial Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Native Bees." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 35 (January 1, 2012): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2012.3919.

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Fatty acids (Fas), the most important energy resources in insects, may change in structure and thus function with changing temperature, a hypothesis termed âhomeoviscous adaptationâ. We investigated whether the proportional composition of the most common fatty acids changes with seasonal (June to August) and altitudinal (2060 â 3290 m) variation in environmental temperature among four species of native bees. We identified the composition and proportion of each fatty acid using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on preliminary data, the most common fatty acids found in bees were palmitic acid (C 16:0), stearic acid (C 18:0), oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C 18:2) and linolenic acid (C 18:3), with other fatty acids including myristic acid (C 14:0) and palmitoleic acid (C 16:1) also present in small amounts. We are currently 23eticulat GC data for larger bees and establishing protocols for fatty acid composition analysis of small tissue samples. Based on the seasonal and altitudinal variation in ambient temperature, we expect to see variation in fatty acid proportions in bees from different months at both sites.

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37

Millikin, Pryce W., Samuel B. Case, and Corey E. Tarwater. "Pollination and nectar larceny by birds and bees in novel forests of the Hawaiian Islands." Journal of Pollination Ecology 29 (September 17, 2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2021)640.

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The extinction of native species and introduction of non-native species may lead to the disruption of biotic interactions. Pollination is a critical ecosystem process that often requires mutualisms between animals and plants. Non-native animals may interact with native flowering plants, with the potential to pollinate or steal nectar (larceny) from flowers without pollination. In the Hawaiian Islands, many native plants have lost their original pollinators. Birds and insects are known to visit native plant flowers, but it is unclear whether they pollinate or steal nectar, whether native and non-native species differ in their interactions with flowers, and what influences visitation to flowers. On Oʻahu, we deployed camera traps and conducted in-person observations on four at-risk species of Hawaiian lobelioids (Campanulaceae). We observed birds, mammals, and insects visiting flowers, with a native bird and native bee visiting most frequently. Regardless of native versus non-native status, bees made contact with reproductive structures during most visits (90.5% of visits), while birds stole nectar during most visits (99.3% of visits). Bee and bird visitation increased with the number of flowers on focal plants. Bird visitation also increased with canopy cover and the number of nearby conspecific flowers and decreased with the number of nearby heterospecific flowers. Our results indicate that bees may pollinate plants that were historically bird-pollinated, while native and non-native birds have neutral or negative impacts on these plants. Broadly, we contribute to an understanding of how native plant pollination can be altered in changing ecosystems.

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Quintana, Silvina, Gregorio Fernandez de Landa, Pablo Revainera, Facundo Meroi, Leonardo Porrini, Vanesa Di Geronimo, Constanza Brasesco, Santiago Plischuk, Martín J. Eguaras, and Matias Maggi. "Broad Geographic and Host Distribution of Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus in South American Native Bees." Journal of Apicultural Science 63, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2019-0025.

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AbstractApis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) is a large double stranded DNA virus of honey bees and its prevalence and relationship with other parasites is poorly known. Samples consisted of fifty-one adult bees belonging to eight native species collected using entomological nets in six provinces of Argentina, from 2009 to 2018. Total genomic DNA was extracted from individual bees and a 551 bp fragment of the Bro-N gene of AmFV was amplified by qPCR. In the present work we have reported for the first time both the presence and the wide geographic distribution of AmFV in Argentinian species of native bees. This is the first report of the presence of this virus associated with Xylocopa atamisquensis, X. augusti, X. frontalis, X. spendidula, Bombus pauloensis and Peponapis fervens. Detecting pathogens that could threaten native bee health is of outmost importance to generate both conservation and management strategies.

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Jha, Shalene, and John H. Vandermeer. "Contrasting foraging patterns for Africanized honeybees, native bees and native wasps in a tropical agroforestry landscape." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 1 (January 2009): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740800566x.

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Abstract:Ecological and temporal factors can influence animal foraging patterns and may obscure our understanding of how native and exotic species interact. To understand how such factors affect foraging, the visitation of native and exotic bees and wasps was observed at nectar feeders within Mexican agroforestry systems, while documenting (1) vegetation management (low-shade vs. high-shade coffee), (2) light and floral resource levels and (3) recruiting ability, as measured by the change in visitation between two consecutive experimental days. On day one, Africanized honeybee visitation was significantly greater in low-shade habitats, and native solitary bee abundance was significantly greater in high-shade habitats, while native social bee and solitary wasp visitation were not significantly different between habitat types. After 24 h, Africanized honeybee visitation increased significantly in both habitat types, while native social bee visitation increased significantly only in high-shade coffee. In contrast, native solitary bee and native solitary wasp visitation decreased in both habitat types. Overall, this study reveals that Africanized honeybees exhibit only initial foraging preference for low-shade habitats, while native bees exhibit both initial and delayed recruitment-based foraging preferences for high-shade habitats.

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Donovan, Barry J., Jérôme Munzinger, Alain Pauly, and Gordon McPherson. "Flower-Visiting Records of the Native Bees of New Caledonia1." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99, no. 1 (July 19, 2013): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2010076.

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INGS, T. C., N. L. WARD, and L. CHITTKA. "Can commercially imported bumble bees out-compete their native conspecifics?" Journal of Applied Ecology 43, no. 5 (June 29, 2006): 940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01199.x.

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Carreck, Norman L. "Are honey bees(Apis melliferaL.) native to the British Isles?" Journal of Apicultural Research 47, no. 4 (January 2008): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2008.11101482.

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Velikova, M., V. Bankova, I. Tsvetkova, A. Kujumgiev, and M. C. Marcucci. "Antibacterial ent-kaurene from Brazilian propolis of native stingless bees." Fitoterapia 71, no. 6 (December 2000): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00213-6.

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New, Tim R. "Terry Houston: A guide to the native bees of Australia." Journal of Insect Conservation 22, no. 3-4 (August 2018): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0080-x.

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Magnacca, Karl N., and Bryan N. Danforth. "Evolution and biogeography of native Hawaiian Hylaeus bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)." Cladistics 22, no. 5 (October 2006): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00119.x.

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Kokuvo, Nozomu, Yukihiko Toquenaga, and Koichi Goka. "Effective paternity in natural colonies of Japanese native bumble bees." Ecological Research 24, no. 5 (March 17, 2009): 1111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-009-0588-3.

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Kremen, C., N. M. Williams, and R. W. Thorp. "Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, no. 26 (December 16, 2002): 16812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.262413599.

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Freitas, Breno M., Vera Lúcia Imperatriz-Fonseca, Luis M. Medina, Astrid de Matos Peixoto Kleinert, Leonardo Galetto, Guiomar Nates-Parra, and J. Javier G. Quezada-Euán. "Diversity, threats and conservation of native bees in the Neotropics." Apidologie 40, no. 3 (May 2009): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009012.

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Tofilski, Adam, Eliza Căuia, Adrian Siceanu, Gabriela Oana Vișan, and Dumitru Căuia. "Historical Changes in Honey Bee Wing Venation in Romania." Insects 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060542.

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The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an ecologically and economically important species that provides pollination services to natural and agricultural systems. The biodiversity of the honey bee is being endangered by the mass import of non-native queens. In many locations, it is not clear how the local populations have been affected by hybridisation between native and non-native bees. There is especially little information about temporal changes in hybridisation. In Romania, A. m. carpatica naturally occurs, and earlier studies show that there are two subpopulations separated by the Carpathian Mountains. In this study, we investigated how the arrangement of veins in bees’ wings (venation) has changed in Romanian honey bees in the last four decades. We found that in the contemporary population of Romanian bees, there are still clear differences between the intra- and extra-Carpathian subpopulations, which indicates that natural variation among honey bees is still being preserved. We also found significant differences between bees collected before and after 2000. The observed temporal changes in wing venation are most likely caused by hybridisation between native bees and non-native bees sporadically introduced by beekeepers. In order to facilitate conservation and the monitoring of native Romanian bees, we developed a method facilitating their identification.

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Kwong, Waldan K., Amanda L. Mancenido, and Nancy A. Moran. "Immune system stimulation by the native gut microbiota of honey bees." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 2 (February 2017): 170003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170003.

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Gut microbial communities can greatly affect host health by modulating the host's immune system. For many important insects, however, the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune function remains poorly understood. Here, we test whether the gut microbial symbionts of the honey bee can induce expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a crucial component of insect innate immunity. We find that bees up-regulate gene expression of the AMPs apidaecin and hymenoptaecin in gut tissue when the microbiota is present. Using targeted proteomics, we detected apidaecin in both the gut lumen and the haemolymph; higher apidaecin concentrations were found in bees harbouring the normal gut microbiota than in bees lacking gut microbiota. In in vitro assays, cultured strains of the microbiota showed variable susceptibility to honey bee AMPs, although many seem to possess elevated resistance compared to Escherichia coli . In some trials, colonization by normal gut symbionts resulted in improved survivorship following injection with E. coli . Our results show that the native, non-pathogenic gut flora induces immune responses in the bee host. Such responses might be a host mechanism to regulate the microbiota, and could potentially benefit host health by priming the immune system against future pathogenic infections.

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