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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Native affairs'
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Manyaapelo, Jacqueline Kehilwe. "DNA - Deconstructing Native Affairs: New Equations." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31804.
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This study is an exploration of the articulation of my artistic voice or performance signature. It employs two methodologies, autoethnography and Practice as Research to investigate the practice of my artistic creations as a solo dance-maker. It utilises concepts such as the Batammaliba’s anatomical and metaphorical approach to architecture, Sankofa and decoloniality to frame the investigation. My first solo work, Satisfaction Index, is a point of departure for this analysis. The study then proceeds to engage with works created during the pursuit of this master’s degree over the past two years. In the discovery of my work, DNA and ritual feature to further construct the artistic voice or performance signature that I seek for the articulation of my rebranding as a soloist.
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Bernadett, Gabriela Maya Matokheosic. "Student Perceptions of Native American Student Affairs at the University of Arizona: What Can We Learn from the Population We Serve?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556434.
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This thesis uses Native American Student Affairs (NASA) at the University of Arizona (UA) as a case study to see where NASA matches and diverges from the current literature on Native American Cultural Centers (NACC). Twenty-eight current Native American undergraduates and graduates were surveyed about their views on NASA, and their responses were then analyzed for common themes. The findings showed that NASA was similar to the current research when it came to themes of community, promoting culture, feeling less isolated, networking, and having an independent space. It diverged on one demographic aspect, namely a significant portion of student respondents came from reservations, which is not reflective of the Native community in the United States as a whole. Additionally, it mentioned the importance of event hosting, which is not mentioned in the current literature at all. The majority of students identified NASA as creating a space for them to feel supported, provide resources, network, and host events that promote awareness of Native American issues. The thesis ends with recommendations for NASA based on the responses, and advocates for further research to delve deeper into the nuances of NACC's and their responsibility to continuously adapt to the needs of their students.
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Benitez, Diane. "Economic Development on U.S. Native American Reservations: A Case Study of the Tribes of Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3910.
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Unlike most native American reservations in the United States, the Seminole and Miccosukee Tribes in Florida are more economically developed. The purpose of this research is to understand this economic development process of the tribes in Florida. Accordingly, there are three key questions guiding this study: What have been the priorities of the Native American reservation population in conceptualizing sustainable economic development? What external institutional factors have enabled or hindered economic development on Native American reservations? What internal tribal governance factors affected sustainable economic development on Native American reservations?
I interviewed Seminole and Miccosukee tribe members and leaders to obtain insights into the research questions. I conducted 42 such interviews, spanning tribal council members, tribal members residing in the reservations and off the reservations, and others working directly with the tribes.
My main findings are as follows. The Seminoles as well as Miccosukee have emphasized education as important. They actively practice their sovereignty, taking independent decisions on their development priorities, including education and environment. They take their own economic development decisions, without depending on extensive federal assistance. Moreover, they have successfully managed their gaming operations to the benefit of their members, in supplying education, healthcare, and other operations generally undertaken by municipalities. Internally, there are key differences between the Miccosukee and Seminoles. Whereas the Seminoles seek integration with the mainstream economy (for example, they own the Hard Rock Cafe, a large international franchise), the Miccosukee have been focused on their local ecology to sustain their environment. Governance wise, the Seminoles have a structurally sophisticated internal governance structure, whereas the Miccosukee model is smaller, grassroots-based.
From a policy perspective, the main finding is that the tribes be allowed to exercise their sovereignty to fulfill their own economic development goals. External federal and state government relationships should be based on mutual respect and reciprocity in relationships. Distrust could be inimical to the tribes’ economic progress. Support should be provided to the tribes to develop their own governance structures appropriate to their economic development priorities.
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McClellan, George S. "Multiculturalism as a "technology of othering": An exploratory study of the social construction of Native Americans by student affairs professionals in the Southwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280302.
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This dissertation reports on an exploratory study conducted to better understand the social construction of Native Americans by new student affairs professionals in the Southwest and the ways in which professional socialization experiences impacts on that construction. Data were generated from interviews with student affairs professionals at institutions in the Southwest with significant Native American enrollments. Data were also generated from the professionals' graduate preparation program web sites and from the journals and conferences of two student affairs professional associations. Native Americans were constructed by professionals as coming from isolated, impoverished reservations where they lived a traditional lifestyle. Native students were seen as struggling to succeed as a result of culture shock and deficits including alcohol issues, different styles of communication, and different senses of time. The aspiration of Native students who graduate was believed to be returning to the reservation. References to Native Americans were rare in graduate program web sites reviewed and limited to the sites of two programs at institutions with significant Native enrollments. Interview data indicated discussion of Native Americans in graduate courses was very limited. Two programs, both with several Native American students enrolled in them, included more substantial discussion of Native Americans. References to Native Americans in the associations' journals and conferences were not uncommon but few articles or conference sessions focused substantially on Native Americans. The professionals interviewed had relatively modest knowledge of Native Americans and almost no knowledge of indigenous-based resources upon which to draw in working with Native students. However, student affairs professionals interviewed felt qualified to work with students who are Native American based on the professionals' cultural sensitivity, a shared sense of in group experiences, and the belief that knowledge of theories for other minority groups or minority groups in general would suffice. Data generated during the interviews indicated diversity and multiculturalism were absent from performance reviews and would enter into reviews on when there were problems. Professionals participating in the study constructed multiculturalism as a quality to be imbued in students and institutions for reasons of social justice and the marketplace.
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Gevers, Liezl Sarah. "We cannot carry our own poverty: Native Affairs, welfare reform and the development of an 'inclusive' social pension system in South Africa, 1936 - 1959." The University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5782.
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Magister Artium - MA (History)“We cannot carry our own poverty”: Native Affairs, welfare reform and the development of an ‘inclusive’ social pension system in South Africa, 1936 – 1959 An ‘inclusive’ system of state social pensions was introduced by the United Party - led government in 1944 and remained intact throughout apartheid. Scholars have argued that the delivery infrastructure of the old age pension system in South Africa – which pervaded National Party rule – became crucial to the rapid distribution of state social grants in the 1990s. This research focuses on the construction of a bureaucratic system of control that developed in the 1940s for the purpose of administering social pensions to black South Africans. Extant studies on the history of the old age pension system in South Africa have paid little attention to the politics of administration and the particular ways in which bureaucrats shaped old age pension policy. In this thesis, I historicise its development by paying attention to the system’s internal structures and administration. By focusing on the administration of these pensions in the initial years of old age pension policy implementation in the Native Affairs Department (NAD), this thesis examines the position of the old age pension system as one thread in the reticulation of policies and practices that came together to form the apartheid state. It elucidates the conjuncture of social assistance, modernising technologies and centralised registration and administration in the 1950s, outside of any grand plan, as a factor in what became one of the apartheid state’s insidious projects of social engineering and control: separate development. I argue that the shift in administrative practice that occurred toward the end of the 1940s (but before National Party rule) from a decentralised, manual system of administration to a centralised, mechanised one reined in the authority of local authorising officers and limited their previously-held ability to act as mediators in the administration and development of the system, shifting their roles from active mediators to passive intermediaries. The technologies introduced with the project of mechanisation enabled the National Party led-NAD to embark on a campaign to systematically review and limit the award of pensions to black South African while keeping intact a system that was politically, socially and economically expedient. In this thesis, I contend that the system of old age pensions bolstered the dominant economic and political structures in South Africa and suggest that this system played a significant role in enabling the persistence of these structures.
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Stalmach, Adele Carleton University Dissertation Art History. ""Native women and work; changing representations in photographs from the collections of the National Film Board and of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development."." Ottawa, 1995.
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Blubaugh, Hannah Patrice. ""Self-Determination without Termination:" The National Congress of American Indians and Defining Self-Determination Policy during the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1533051153006372.
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Huffman, Michael C. "AN ANALYSIS OF VIRGINIA TRANSFER POLICY AND ARTICULATION AGREEMENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE TRANSFER AND NATIVE STUDENTS--ENROLLMENTS AND OUTCOMES IN A TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAM." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2687.
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Transfer articulation is an important policy issue in Virginia. With increasing economic strains on federal and state budgets, pressure on key actors in higher education, and critical teacher shortages, an opportunity presented itself to investigate state transfer policy and articulation agreements designed to facilitate student transfer. Articulation agreements are policy instruments designed to facilitate a seamless transfer of both students and credits from the community college system into senior institutions. Over the last decade increased articulation activity has taken place in the Commonwealth of Virginia driven by higher education costs and articulation specific to teacher preparation due to teacher shortages. This study is an effort to add to the literature by linking the presence of one articulation agreement to increased enrollments of Virginia Community College System (VCCS) associate degree holders into a 5-year teacher preparation program at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). Select academic outcomes of associate degree holders, students who took coursework in the VCCS, and native students were also examined for comparative purposes. The study engaged a quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional research methodology using existing data related to the 5-year teacher preparation program at VCU. The data collected for the study originated from the initial teacher licensure Master of Teaching (M.T.) programs which include early/elementary, and secondary (6-12) programs in English, foreign languages, history/social studies, mathematics, sciences, and special education. A master file containing 2,349 observations was created from which samples were then drawn for hypotheses testing. Ordinary Least Square regression, multiple regression, and binary logistic regression were used and the results indicated the presence of the 2004 VCU/VCCS Teacher Education Provision Admission (TEPA) articulation agreement had no impact on enrollment likelihood. Earning an associate degree was a strong predictor of graduation likelihood in the teacher preparation program and associate degree holders could also expect to earn fewer cumulative hours in the program—a potential savings of time and money. Total community college credits earned was a strong predictor of teacher licensure likelihood. Race had no impact on elapsed time spent in the teacher preparation program. The findings of this study suggest the mere presence of an articulation agreement does not guarantee increased enrollments into an academic program, in this case, a 5-year teacher preparation program. Student outcomes also suggest earning the associate degree had significant effects post transfer, almost doubling graduation likelihood. Licensing likelihood is positively affected by total community college credits earned. Results of the models testing common measures of student academic success—cumulative GPA, Praxis I performance, and GRE performance had no impact on graduation likelihood. Since the extant research is not robust on 5-year teacher preparation programs, further research is recommended specifically on 5-year programs related to the effectiveness of articulation agreements on enrollments—in addition to post transfer student outcomes.
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Babidge, Sally. "Family affairs an historical anthropology of state practice and Aboriginal agency in a rural town, North Queensland /." Click here for electronic access to document: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/942, 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/942.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004.Thesis submitted by Sally Marie Babidge, BA (Hons) UWA June 2004, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University. Bibliography: leaves 283-303.
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Tomblin, David Christian. "Managing Boundaries, Healing the Homeland: Ecological Restoration and the Revitalization of the White Mountain Apache Tribe, 1933 – 2000." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27577.
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The main argument of this dissertation is that the White Mountain Apache Tribe's appropriation of ecological restoration played a vital role in reinstituting control over knowledge production and eco-cultural resources on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in the second half of the twentieth century. As a corollary, I argue that the shift in knowledge production practices from a paternalistic foundation to a community-based approach resulted in positive consequences for the ecological health of the Apachean landscape and Apache culture. The democratization of science and technology on the reservation, therefore, proved paramount to the reestablishment of a relatively sustainable Apache society.
Beginning with the Indian New Deal, the White Mountain Apache slowly developed the capacity to employ ecological restoration as an eco-political tool to free themselves from a long history of Euro-American cultural oppression and natural resource exploitation. Tribal restoration projects embodied the dual political function of cultural resistance to and cultural exchange with Western-based land management organizations. Apache resistance challenged Euro-American notions of restoration, nature, and sustainability while maintaining cultural identity, reasserting cultural autonomy, and protecting tribal sovereignty. But at the same time, the Apache depended on cultural exchange with federal and state land management agencies to successfully manage their natural resources and build an ecologically knowledgeable tribal workforce.
Initially adopting a utilitarian conservation model of land management, restoration projects aided the creation of a relatively strong tribal economy. In addition, early successes with trout, elk, and forest restoration projects eventually granted the Tribe political leverage when they sought to reassume control over reservation resources from the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Fish and Wildlife Service. Building on this foundation, Apache restoration work significantly diverged in character from the typical Euro-American restoration project by the 1990s. While striving toward self-sufficiency, the Tribe hybridized tribal cultural values with Western ecological values in their restoration efforts. These projects evolved the tripartite capacity to heal ecologically degraded reservation lands, to establish a degree of economic freedom from the federal government, and to restore cultural traditions. Having reversed their historical relationship of subjugation with government agencies, the Apache currently have almost full decision-making powers over tribal eco-cultural resources.Ph. D.
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Ashley, Evelyn LaVette. "The Gendered Nature of Student Affairs: Issues of Gender Equity in Student Affairs Professional Associations." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1288502916.
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Magana, Nelson. "A Phenomenological Exploration of the Non-Academic Factors that Cuban Female Non-Native English Speakers Perceived to have been Principal Influences on their Successful Attainment of a Baccalaureate Degree in the U.S." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3686.
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Cubans arrive in the U.S. with more formal education than other Latino immigrants, and they arrive to communities with long standing networks of support. Though their baccalaureate degree attainment is better than their non-Cuban Latina counterparts, Cuban women still lag behind White, non-Latina women. The qualitative study aims to explore the principal influences and non-academic factors that 15 adult Cuban non-native English-speaking women in South Florida attribute to the successful attainment of their baccalaureate degree.
There are many differences among the various immigrant Latino communities in the U.S., and Cuban women are largely absent from the research. Nearly 75% of Cuban women who start Miami Dade College with English as a second language course-work drop out within one year of matriculation. Understanding the principal influences and non-academic factors related to the baccalaureate attainment rate of this group may assist educators and administrators in providing the support these women need to enhance their degree completion. The literature says that the baccalaureate degree attainment of Latinos is influenced by age-at-the-time-of-immigration, country of origin, and gender, yet little research was found on the degree attainment specifically of female Cubans who entered the U.S. having already completed most of their education in Cuba.
My dissertation explores the journey of 15 Cuban women who arrived in the U.S. as teens during the 1990s and had to learn English as a second language at an urban community college prior to completing a baccalaureate degree. The purpose of the research is to describe the principal influences and non-academic factors that these women attribute to their baccalaureate degree attainment.
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Francel, Leif (Leif G. ). "The obligation nation : America's involvement in the affairs of the World." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73849.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-99).
Does America have an obligation, whether through foreign aid, military involvement, or by spreading democracy, to change the world? This thesis answers these above questions in intimate detail through the moral framework of the teachings and life of Jesus. It is not a paper designed to evangelize or convert; rather, it is designed to assess whether America' s current involvement on the international stage is done with respect to Jesus' primary teachings of compassion and love. Ultimately, we discover that the US has a lot of work to do, and that this country does not fully follow Jesus' word. The foreign aid America provides has many negative consequences, our military involvement is often unneeded and leads to failure, and our efforts to spread democracy have often been marred by violence. This is not a thesis decrying America and all it stands for. Instead, it is a thesis that analyzes America's past, present, and future involvement in the world, and recommends how America can better follow the moral framework of love and compassion laid down by Jesus Christ.
by Leif Francel.
M.C.P.
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Ndima, Blessing Sandile. "Reviewing the nature and quality of doctoral research in Public Administration : a literature review." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3701.
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Simpson, Edgar C. "Rise of the Audience: News, Public Affairs, and the Public Sphere in a Digital Nation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1341590884.
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Fournier, Frédéric. "La nature et le régime juridiques de l'agence commerciale." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10013.
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La nature et le regime juridiques de l'agence commerciale ont subi une evolution recente et novatrice avec la loi no91-593 du 25 juin 1991, prise en conformite avec la directive no86 653 du conseil des communautes europeennes du 18 decembre 1986. Deux phenomenes se sont reveles : l'affirmation de la professionnalisation du mandat d'agent commercial, tel qu'il ressort de la loi precitee et de la pratique, et ensuite, l'etablissement de l'agence commerciale en tant qu'entreprise autonome. La qualification d'agence commerciale se deplace ainsi de celle de mandat civil vers celle de prestation de services, sous l'influence de ces deux phenomenes. Pour finir, le regime nouveau de l'agnece commerciale remet en cause la coherence des principes generaux du droit civil, et en particulier, du droit des obligations : notamment, les notions d'indemnite, de terme et de liberte contractuelleThe current evolution of the legal status of commercial agency has been revealing two phenomena. Since the law dated the 25th of june, 1991, and the directive no86 653 by the european council dated the 18th of december, 1986. First at all, it can be observed a strengthening of the professionalization of the mandate which is given to the commercial agent and the possibility to assimilate the agency itself to an autonomous firm. Therefore, the leagl status of the commercial agency is getting more and more a praticular kind of provision of a service. Secondly, the new status of commercial agency callsinto question the consistency with general principles of french civil law : particularly, the notions of indemnity, term of the contract and contractual liberties
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Mebiame-Toutoume, Eustache. "Les représentations des dirigeants dans la conduite du changement organisationnel des entreprises privatisées gabonaises : nature, formation, effets." Nancy2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN22004.
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Les firmes nationales (FMN) acquéreurs des entreprises privatisées gabonaises y pratiquent un changement organisationnel à forte orientation partenariale (versus actionnariale), en retrait des thérapeutiques de dégraissage habituellement préconisées par les consultants. Dans le champ disciplinaire du management stratégique, cette recherche vise une intelligence de ce management partenarial. La thèse soutenue est qu'un tel management procède des représentations spécifiques des dirigeants. Ceux-ci ne peuvent en effet être indifférents au risque politique encouru vis-à-vis des stakeholders nostalgiques du retrait de l'Etat, ni à la réputation, largement négative, de ces FMN occidentales dans l'opinion publique gabonaise. Deux propositions structurent alors la problématique d'identification des représentions des dirigeants dans leur intéraction avec les stakeholders. D'une part, les engagements précis souscrits par les repreneurs vis-à-vis de l'Etat gabonais excluent à priori tout recours à des actions stéréotypées de leur part, et postulent nécessairement une cognition située pour le développement des filiales privatisées. D'autre part, la nécessaire quête de légitimité des repreneurs dans un environnement tout à la fois de risque politique et inquiet de leurs pratiques managériales peu scrupuleuses. Une légitimité dont dépend la pérennite du partenariat avec l'Etat gabonais. Ces propositions sont validées dans un modèle s'inspirant de la cartographie cognitive et restituant les schémas de pensée des dirigeants. Il montre que les perceptions de ces derniers diffèrent de celles des consultants, ceci expliquant le particularisme de leur management. Cette recherche qualitative et interprétative induit une nouvelle vision rétroactive de l'entreprise publique gabonaise niant ou tout au moins relativisant les pesanteurs structurelles qu'on lui prête habituellement. Elle contribue, au plan théorique, à la littérature sur la théorie des organisations, la GRH et le management stratégique, et devrait, au plan pratique, être d'une utilité pour divers publics de l'économie gabonaise. Des pistes pour de futures recherches sont enfin suggéréesIn the state-owned enterprises (SOE) privatized in Gabon, the multinational companies (MNC) which have bought them, use a stakeholder (versus shareholder) organizational change, different of downsizing often proposed by various consulting organizations. In the field of strategic management, the research aims at explaining this stakeholder management. It advocates that such a mangement is motivated by the specific representations of the executive managers. These cannot be indifferent neither to the political risk faced with the nostalgic stakeholders, nor to the negative reputation of the NMC in Gabonese public opinion, because their practices are not usually very scrupulous. In order to identify the executive managers representations in their interaction with the stakeholders, this research is based on two propositions. On the one hand, one buying the SOE, the MNC enter into a contract with the Gabonese government. They must honour their commitments. Consequently, their idaes are not stereotyped and their cognition is necessarily situated for managing acquisitions. On the other hand, in an environment characterized both by the political risk and by the fear of little ethical practices of the MNC, their executive managers are necessarily in search of legitimacy. Timelessness of the relation with the Ganonese government depends on legitimacy. These propositions are valided in a model inspired from cognitive mapping. It shows that the executive managers perceptions and the consulting perceptions are different; what explains the particular way in which the MNC manage the privatized enterprises in Gabon. This qualitative and interpretive research retroctively infers a new view about the Gabonese state-owned enterprise, because its structural heaviness is relativized, indeed denied. It also contributes to the literature on organizations theory, human resource management and strategic management. Practically, it intends to be helpful for several economic actors in Gabon. Issues are also identified that warrant further research
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Wright, Robert Brian. "The Idealistic Realist: Mary McLeod Bethune, The National Council of Negro Women and the National Youth Administration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32349.
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The available literature on Mary Mcleod Bethune is very similar. Though it may look at various aspects of her life, it does so on the same plane. It gives an overview. In other words, it skims over her life, focusing only on the very narrow - and positive - aspects. She was the founder and president of a black college. She was head of a federal agency during the New Deal. She was head of a million member black women's organization. But what do these "highlightings" tell of Bethune and the world in which she worked?
The point of this paper is to vary a little from the present literature. By taking a closer look at two of Bethune's organizations: the National Council of Negro Women and the Nation Youth Administration's Division of Negro Affairs, perhaps we can tell a little more of who Bethune really was and how important her work was to her. By "humanizing" Bethune, we may get a better understanding of what it meant to be a minority in a racist nation during a trying time.Master of Arts
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Gramaglia, Christelle. "La mise en cause environnementale comme principe d’association. Casuistique des affaires de pollution de rivières : l’exemple des actions contentieuses de l’Association nationale de protection des eaux et rivières (ANPER-TOS)." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1401.
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La thèse se compose de 5 chapitres qui sont autant d’interrogations, sur les environnements, le militantisme, la politique et le droit. Elle commence par un questionnement sur l’espace et les matérialités. Cette réflexion liminaire sur les spécificités des environnements s’est imposée au fil du terrain. J'explique notamment que ceux-ci sont explicités au fil des disputes, plus qu'ils ne sont donnés, préalablement définis. J’introduis également les 6 procès sur lesquels se fonde ce travail, en évoquant les circonstances de leur émergence. La thèse traite ensuite de la passion des pêcheurs à la mouche et de leurs attachements à des rivières particulières, à des poissons. Je montre que certains cours d’eau ont contribué à produire des témoins indignés. Ainsi, j’explique que les pêcheurs d’ANPER-TOS ont mis à profit leurs compétences pour protester contre les pollutions. La thèse se poursuit avec la présentation des instruments juridiques mis à disposition des associations de la nature depuis les années 1970. J’aborde plus particulièrement le problème de l’administration des nuisances. Je dresse la liste des habilitations nécessaires à la mobilisation du droit, tout en constatant sa relative impuissance. Je mentionne cependant l’arrivée à ANPER-TOS de plusieurs juristes, et les changements que cela a occasionné. La thèse démontre, détaillant la trajectoire de 6 affaires précises, que les recours en justice permettent d’actualiser le droit, de l’amender. Elle se termine par une réflexion sur les transformations du militantisme, et la co-construction des questions « environnementales » et de leurs publics. J’insiste en montrant comment s’explicitent les pollutions à condition d'avoir des réseaux de vigilance, composés d’humains et de non-humains, et conclue sur le besoin de réexaminer les causes « environnementales, d’enquêter sur les singularités socionaturelles des cas qui, s’accumulant, forment une série casuistique où se mêlent les échelles et les intérêtsThe dissertation consists of 5 chapters which focus on queries about the environment, activism, politics and the law. It starts with questions on space and materialities. This preliminary reflection on the specificities of “environments” emerged through fieldwork. I explain that the latter are made explicit in the course of disputes, and not given beforehand. I introduce the 6 lawsuits on which my research was founded, evoking the very conditions of their emergence. Then the dissertation deals with the fly-fishermen’s hobby and their attachment to specific rivers and fish. I show how certain streams contributed to the production of impassioned witnesses. So, I argue that ANPER-TOS fishermen used their skills to denounce pollution. The dissertation continues with the presentation of the legal tools that been conceded by the State to French environmental organisations since the 1970s. I address more precisely the problem of nuisance management. I provide a list of all the mediations that are necessary for the mobilisation of law, as well as showing its relative impotence. However, I also describe the changes generated by the joining of ANPER-TOS by several legal professionals. The dissertation demonstrates, through the examination of the 6 lawsuits or affairs mentioned previously, that contentious action is a way to actualise and amend the law. It ends with a reflection on the transformations of activism, and the co-construction of environmental issues and their “publics”. I insist in showing that pollution can be regulated provided there are vigilance networks composed of humans and non-humans. I conclude by arguing for the need to reassess the environmental “cause” and to inquire about the singularities of cases which, as they accumulate, produce a casuistic series where scales and interest mix
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Karle, Joseph Bernard. "No Half Measures Power Vacuums and Military Occupations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99309.
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This project analyzes the relationship between military occupations and power vacuums. Specifically, it seeks to understand why some military occupations result in power vacuums while others do not. Pundits and policymakers have written extensively about the possibilities that the end of US occupations might yield dangerous power vacuums. These vacuums would create regional turmoil by inviting hostile actors and causing state failure. Based on these assumptions, many commentators caution against the withdrawal of forces.
But what exactly is fearful about a power vacuum remains unclear. The concept of a power vacuum lacks defined parameters and scope, and why military occupations might lead to power vacuums is unknown. Much of the current analysis derives from familiar and recent cases of occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan. David Edelstein has the most comprehensive work on military occupations, but his work does not directly address the outcome of power vacuums. This project uses a mix multimethod research design to examine which factors cause power vacuums to emerge following occupations. It uses a comprehensive dataset of occupations since 1943. It will begin with a medium-n QCA and then proceed with case studies. The ultimate goal is to identify the conditions likely to lead to power vacuums and develop policy recommendations about how to avoid them.
This project theorizes that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. Shortened, this project calls this theory total destruction equals total buy-in. High levels of economic destruction inflicted by the occupier pacify the occupied population, while simultaneously delegitimizing the occupied state's previous regime. High economic destruction, which is defined as the decline of a state's per-capita GDP and overall population, is not the sole factor in preventing a power vacuum. Combinations of other conditions help influence the advent or absence of a power vacuum, but economic destruction inflicted by the occupier is the only condition that must be present in order to prevent a power vacuum.Doctor of Philosophy
This project examines how, when, and why power vacuums emerge at the end of military occupations. Power vacuums evoke fear from pundits and policymakers, as hostile actors can exploit power vacuums to sow instability. Yet there remains no clear definition of what constitutes a power vacuums or substantive research on their etiology and impact. Policy discussions typically look to recent US experience in Iraq and Afghanistan to evaluate how the end of military engagement and occupation can create power vacuums. Thus risk of a power vacuum is often cited as justification to prolong military operations. To rectify this, this project will complete a replication and extension using David Edelstein's seminal dataset on military occupations. The dataset includes well-known cases such as the Allied occupations of Western Germany and Japan and lesser-known occupations like the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia. Using a combination of within-case process tracing and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), the project seeks to elucidate what combination of conditions generate power vacuums following military occupations. The theory this project argues is that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. The crux of this theory is that occupiers that engage in protracted conflict, inflicting widespread damage on a state before occupying it, are more likely to prevent a power vacuum from occurring. This widespread damage creates "breathing space" for the occupier to establish indigenous security forces (ISF) and a friendly government without having to worry about nationalist resistance from the occupied population.
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Fellous, Beyla Esther. "La nature juridique des accords entre l'Union européenne, le Chili et le Mexique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030097.
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Au milieu des années 90, des changements de scénarios à la fois nationaux et internationaux ont conduit au développement d’un nouveau partenariat euro-latino-américain, fondé sur de nouveaux outils contractuels. Le Mexique et le Chili furent les premiers pays émergents de la région à bénéficier de cette rénovation contractuelle : cette rénovation est le sujet de cette thèse ; son but est de déterminer la nature juridique du point de vue du droit communautaire des accords Euro-Mexicain et Euro-Chilien, signés respectivement en 1997 et 2002, dans la mesure où ceux-ci ont cassé la tradition euro-latino-américaine de ne signer que des accords non préférentiels; ils inauguraient ainsi une nouvelle et ambitieuse étape dans ces relations. L’analyse du contenu de ces accords basés sur des valeurs et intérêts communs, démontre leur nature associative et révèle l’essence et la portée de ces relations qui sont devenues la base du nouveau modèle d’alliance stratégique au niveau internationalFrom the mid 90’s, changes in both internal and international scenarios led to a development of strategic Euro-Latino-American partnerships paving the way for new contractual tools. Mexico and Chile were the first emerging countries to benefit from this contractual renovation herewith the subject of this thesis which will seek to determine the juridical nature from the European Community Law point of view of the euro-Mexican and euro-Chilean agreements, signed respectively in 1997 and 2002 seeing as these broke the euro-Latino-American tradition of only signing non-preferential agreements, thus opening the way for a new and ambitious future for the relations between the parties. The content analysis of these agreements which are based on mutual values and interests demonstrates the associative nature as well as the essence and the scope of these relations which became the base of a new model of strategic alliances on the international level
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Lasserre, Aurore. "Les Représentations du monde dans le cinéma américain post-11 Septembre (2001-2012)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020043/document.
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Le présent travail vise à comprendre la relation entre une société et son cinéma,entre la première puissance mondiale et la plus importante industrie cinématographique. La projection étant un mécanisme commun à la Nation et au cinéma, il s’agit de voir si un événement tel que 11 Septembre a produit un changement dans le cinéma américain. Dans un premier temps, le mouvement naturel des studios est d’effacer les tours qui apparaissaient dans des films tournés avant et dont la sortie était prévue peu de temps après. Parallèlement, des cinéastes décident d’aborder les attentats mais en les contournant,qui restent ainsi hors-champ, et il faut attendre 2006 pour que les événements du 11 septembre s’incarnent sur grand écran. Par ailleurs, si au lendemain des attentats l’unité nationale prévaut, les réalisateurs et producteurs prennent leurs distances avec la politique de Washington lorsque l’idée d’une guerre en Irak est avancée. Au moment où celle-ci propose une vision du monde binaire, Hollywood réalise des films abordant la relation entre les États-Unis et le Moyen-Orient ou sur la légitimité de la guerre.L’arrivée au pouvoir de Barack Obama en 2009 engendre différents changements,notamment le rapprochement entre Hollywood et Washington. Surtout, les stigmates du 11 septembre se retrouvent dans des films de science-fiction, qui proposent une interprétation du monde pas si éloignée du nôtre. Enfin, nous observons un retour à (la projection de) la puissance, comme si la mort de Ben Laden en 2011 mettait un terme au « cinéma américainpost-11 Septembre »This work aims to understand the relationship between a society and its cinema,between the world’s greatest power and the largest film industry. Projection is a common mechanism to the Nation and cinema, it comes to see if an event like September 11 produced a change in American cinema. First, the natural movement of the studios is to erase the towers that appeared in films made before and whose output was expected soon after. Meanwhile, some film makers decide to approach the attacks but by passing them which remain off-screen, and it was not until 2006 that the events of September 11 are embodied on the big screen. Besides, if national unity prevails at first, directors and producers are distancing themselves from Washington’s policy when the idea of a war inIraq is mentioned. When it sees the world in a binary way, Hollywood makes films aboutthe relationship between the US and the Middle East or about the legitimacy of the war.The coming to power of Barack Obama in 2009 generates different changes,including the connection between Hollywood and Washington. Above all, the stigma of September 11 are found in science fiction movies, offering an interpretation of the world not so far from ours. Finally, we see a return to (the projection of) power, as if the death of Bin Laden in 2011 was ending the « American cinema after September 11 »
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Mbodji, Mohamadou Fallou. "La nature juridique des titres miniers dans les états de l’OHADA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0104.
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Dans les législations nationales des états membres de l’OHADA, les ressources minières et pétrolières relèvent de la souveraineté et de la propriété des états. Cette appropriation publique des ressources naturelles a largement influencé la conception des titres miniers qui reposent ainsi sur un encadrement administratif. Leur nature juridique aurait dû alors suivre celle des actes de l’administration et embrasser toutes les dispositions relevant de la catégorie des actes administratifs unilatéraux. Toutefois, si les titres miniers sont intimement liés à l’état d’accueil, leur nature juridique ne saurait être réduite à celle d’actes administratifs, ceux-ci n’étant qu’un instrument de gestion du secteur extractif. L’analyse des législations nationales révèle que les titres miniers sont légalement consacrés comme des biens. Cependant, contrairement à ce qu'affirment les législations nationales, ils ne sont ni des biens meubles, ni des biens immeubles. En effet, les titres miniers constituent des droits d’accès, c'est-à-dire des droits de procéder aux opérations minières et pétrolières, de durée limitée, distincts de la propriété des gisements. De tels droits constituent des biens purement incorporels jouissant d'un régime de protection juridique inhérent à leur qualité de biens. Ces biens incorporels revêtent une valeur économique qui leur permet d'accéder au commerce juridique. Ils peuvent faire l’objet d’un transfert de propriété par cession, amodiation ou transmission. Ils peuvent également servir de financement pour les activités de recherche et d’exploitation en constituant l’assiette de sûretés minières comme l’hypothèque et le nantissementIn the national legislation of member’s states of OHBLA, mining and oil resources are the sovereignty and ownership of the state. This public ownership of naturel resources largely influenced the design of the mining titles which are based on administrative guidance. Their legal nature should have then followed that acts of administration and kiss all the provisions falling under the category of unilateral administrative acts. However, if the claims are closely related to the host states, their legal nature cannot be reduced to that of administrative acts, these being only an instrument of the extractive sector management. Indeed, the claim are access right, i.e. rights to conduct the mining and oil. They are limited in time and distinct form ownership of the deposit. Analysis of national legislation shows that they are legally dedicated as goods. This new category of goods are representative of property titles. Indeed, in the national legislation of the states of OHBLA, the mining titles are apprehended as objects of trade. They offer their holders all the prerogative of ownership. Like other goods of common law, they are asset, which can move from one contractor to another by directly the object of trade like transfer, leasing or transmission. They can also serve as financing for activities of research and exploitation constituting mining securities such as mortgage and pledge. It should be noted, however, that these types of guarantees do not really correspond to the true legal nature of mining titles. For in accordance with the classification established by the uniform act on the law of security interest, mining titles should only be pledged
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Docq, Sébastien. "Essai sur le renouveau de la notion d'apport en droit des sociétés." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010261.
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Donnée à la fois économique et juridique, l’apport en société demeure de façon constante une condition indispensable à la formation du contrat de société. Ces dernières années l’obligation d’apporter a pu être réduite à son strict minimum. Cela signifie-il pour autant son éradication du droit des sociétés ? À vrai dire, ce serait plutôt l’inverse. Une telle affirmation implique cependant de comprendre les évolutions subies par cette notion centrale du droit des sociétés. Pour cela, il importe d’en comprendre sa définition. L’apport en société désigne un acte et un objet. Il est un acte juridique d‘affectation de ressources permettant à la société de réaliser son objet social. En outre, il désigne un objet, ce qui correspond à la substance de ce qui est mis en société, du numéraire, un bien ou l’industrie. Le droit français des sociétés entretient un attachement historique à la corporalité des biens. Pour preuve, une hiérarchie des apports s’instaure et relègue l’apporteur en industrie, exclu du capital social, au rang du plus petit des associés. Faisant fi de sa contribution économique, cette approche peut être dépassée. Autrement dit, l’essor de l’économie dématérialisée suppose de rétablir la place de l’apporteur en industrie dans le contrat de société. En outre, affirmer qu’une société peut fonctionner sans apport ignore la contribution économique des apports non formalisés, tel est le cas de la notoriété. Cette évolution du droit suscite une exacerbation de la difficulté à évaluer son contenu. Elle implique la mise en œuvre de solutions nouvelles. La sophistication à l’infini des méthodes d’évaluations ne saurait constituer une réponse adaptée à cette problématique émergente. La contrepartie de l’apport constituée par la remise de droits sociaux peut s’adapter, notamment par la reconnaissance d’une contrepartie formée d’options de souscriptions d’actions. Ces titres répondent à l’indétermination de la valeur de certains biens et appréhendent de façon plus satisfaisante le potentiel économique. Il demeure donc possible de rémunérer un apport en nature par des bons de souscription d’actionsBeing an economic and a legal data, the capital contribution remains a prerequisite for the creation of the partnership agreement. In recent years, the obligation to bring such contribution has been reduced to a minimum. Does this mean it was removed from company law ? The French company law maintains ahistorical attachment to the physicality of the goods. As proof, the different kinds of contributions are ranked. According to this hierarchy, sweat equity contributor is not recognized in the share capital, and is even relegated to the rank of the smallest partner. Ignoring its economic contribution, this contribution may be considered as out of fashion. In other words, the rise of cloud economy implies reconsidering the position of sweat equity in the partnership agreement. Moreover, asserting that a company may operate without any input ignores the economic contribution of non-formal inputs, such as notoriety. This evolution of the law creates an exacerbation of the difficulties in assessing its content and implies finding new solutions. The infinite sophistication of assessment methods shall not constitute an appropriate answer to this arising issue. The consideration for the contribution made by the procurement of social rights can be adapted, as an instance by providing share purchase warrants. These securities follow the principle of indeterminacy of the value of certain goods and apprehend more satisfactorily the economic potential. Thus, it remains possible to compensate a contribution in kind with share purchase warrants
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Lasley, Carrie E. "Catastrophes and the Role of Social Networks in Recovery: A Case Study of St. Bernard Parish, LA, Residents After Hurricane Katrina." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1504.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the experiences of St. Bernard Parish, La., residents as they coped with the impact of the catastrophe of Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. An estimated 50,000 St. Bernard Parish residents relocated to a new home one year after Katina in 2006, and many of those residents moved again. This study examines the effects of the decisions of St. Bernard residents to relocate or to return on their social connections. The utility, adaptability and durability of social networks of these residents will be explored to enrich our knowledge about the social effects of recovery and the role that distance plays in the way residents connect to each other six years after Hurricane Katrina. It also examines the applicability of disaster theory as it relates to this case and develops a methodology for examining the impact of geographic dispersal on social networks.
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Vindard, Virginie. "La qualification en droit fiscal." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G047/document.
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La qualification est l’opération intellectuelle par laquelle est attribuée à un acte ou à un fait sa nature juridique en vue de lui appliquer un régime juridique. Le droit fiscal ne déroge pas à cette démarche intellectuelle. Comme dans toutes les autres branches du Droit, les qualifications jouent un rôle fondamental. Une originalité se présente toutefois en cette matière. Le droit fiscal appréhende un fait déjà juridiquement qualifié en vue de lui appliquer un régime d’imposition. C’est dans cette appréhension du fait que se révèle la spécificité du droit fiscal. Celui-ci n’adopte pas un comportement neutre à l’égard des qualifications juridiques soit pour les regarder comme lui étant inopposables, soit pour les instrumentaliser. Si les qualifications fiscales peuvent s’affranchir des qualifications juridiques, elles entretiennent une relation particulière marquée du sceau de l’indépendance en raison des caractères et de la logique propre de chaque imposition. Des divergences de qualifications fiscales existent. Une telle situation peut nuire à l’unité et à la cohérence du droit fiscal. Néanmoins, le juge fiscal veille à une certaine harmonie dans l’application des qualifications en mettant en œuvre un raisonnement identique permettant de dessiner des qualifications fiscales convergentes autour desquelles s’articulent les impositionsThe qualification is the intellectual process by which is attributed to an act or a fact its legal nature. The am of the concept of qualification is to apply a legal regime. Tax law does not derogate from the intellectual approach. As in all other branches of law, qualifications play a fundamental role. However, tax law implies some originalities. Tax law already apprehends legally qualified to apply a tax regime thanks to the civil law. It is in this understanding that proves the specificity of the tax law. It does not adopt a neutral attitude towards the legal qualifications to be watching him as being unenforceable , either to exploit. If the tax qualifications can overcome the legal qualifications, they have a special relation marked by the seal of independence to the characters and each tax own logic. Differences in tax qualifications exist. Such a situation may affect the unity and cohesion of the tax law. However, the tax judge ensures a certain harmony in the application of skills, in implementing a similar reasoning to draw tax qualifications converging around which revolve the charges
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Bohoussou, Kouakou Stéphane. "Réflexion critique sur l’efficacité des sûretés réelles en droit OHADA : proposition en vue d’une reforme du droit OHADA des sûretés réelles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0133/document.
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Le droit des sûretés réelles a fait l’objet de profondes mutations à la suite de plusieurs réformes successives qui viennent de l’affecter. Si la matière s’est indubitablement modernisée, il reste qu’elle souffre d’un manque de cohérence globale qui tient tout à la fois à la trop grande offre de sûretés et à l’insuffisance de règles fédératrices venant régir l’ensemble. La question se pose alors de savoir s’il est possible et envisageable de dégager un socle de règles communes plus élaboré, voire même un droit commun, et selon quelles modalités. Il en ressort l’interrogation sur l’efficacité du droit ohada des sûretés réelles au regard de l’inadéquation entre les objectifs du législateur africain et les moyens qu’il a mis en oeuvre pour les atteindre. Au regard des expériences internationales, la réponse à ces questionnements réside à notre sens dans une réforme plus ambitieuse du droit ohada des sûretés réelles qui se traduirait par l’adoption d’une approche fonctionnelle telle qu’il nous a été donné de voir dans des pays appartenant à la même tradition juridique que la nôtre. Plus concrètement, il s’agira de redonner, à travers cette conception fonctionnelle des sûretés, de la cohérence, de la simplicité et de l’accessibilité, en somme de l’efficacité au droit ohada des sûretés réelles de manière à le rapprocher des populations et des réalités socio-économiques des États de l’ohada tout en n’occultant pas les enjeux économiques internationauxThe real security interests law/secured transactions has gone through crucial changes following a series of several reforms which has affected it. If the subject matter has undoubtedly been modernized, it is obvious that the real security interests law/secured transactions is still lacking of general consistency which is linked simultaneously to the large numbers of proposal on security interests and to the insufficiency of federative rules which come to govern the whole. Actually, the problem poses the question to know if it is possible and conceivable to put forward a base of more sophisticated general rules, or even a general law, and according to what methods? The interrogation underlines the efficacy of ohada real securities law in regard to the inadequacy between the objectives of the African legislator and the means used by him to achieve them. In other words, it is admitted to question on the way of a reinforcement of the actual real securities law in sight of a greatest efficacy. In regard to the international experiences, the answer of these questioning is found, in our opinion, in a reform more ambitious of the ohada real securities law which is going to lead to the adoption of a functional approach as it was observed in States with the same juridical culture of ours. In concrete terms, it is important to give back, through this functional conception of securities interest, coherence, and simplicity, in sum, efficacy to ohada real securities law likewise to bring it closer to the population and to the socio-economic realities of ohada member States while revealing the international economic stakes
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"Community development at the Department of Indian Affairs in the 1960's : much ado about nothing." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-01032007-140804.
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This thesis tells the story of the Community Development Program (CDP) of the Department of Indian Affairs. The Program was initiated in Canada in the early 1960s during a time of international popularity for the community development approach, and a national sentiment that the federal government ought to do something to positively change the situation for Indian people in Canada. The Program is probably best remembered for the commotion that its young practitioners caused when they began to encourage community development on Canadian Indian Reserves. The question that guides the research asks whether or not the CDP was different from previous policies of the Department of Indian Affairs. The author asserts that the CDP was novel in its organization, the problem it sought to address, and the way in which it treated Indian people. Data were gathered through interviews with former employees of the Department of Indian Affairs and through archival research into the files of the Department and its former employees.The author uses the theoretical framework developed by Jurgen Habermas and adapted by John Forester to interpret both traditional Canadian policies directed towards Indian people and the Community Development Program.
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Van, Dyk Mark Conrad. "Race, resistance and the general tax of 1925 : a historical overview of the interpretation and implementation of South African poll tax." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25336.
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Abstract in English, Afrikaans and IsiXhosa.This study investigates the first national poll tax levied on African men in the Union of South Africa. Known as the “general tax”, it was enacted in terms of the Natives Taxation and Development Act of 1925, and was imposed irrespective of a man’s income or impecuniousness. The historical background to the Act is outlined, and debates and disputes leading up to its promulgation are considered. The difficulties underlying the application, interpretation, and enforcement of the Act, are also examined. Court case judgments involving men who denied their inclusion under the Act’s central, racial definition of “native”, are explored. The case of one individual whose descendants were brought to Natal as “liberated slaves”, is discussed in some detail. The Act’s definition of “native” affected not only individual men, but also a number of black groups whose racial and tax status was in some doubt. Responses to a Native Affairs Department directive, explicitly excluding “Hottentots, Bushmen and Korannas” from the ambit of the Act, are accordingly investigated. Problems surrounding the Griquas, whose tax status was initially ignored in legislation and in official circulars, are investigated. The taxation of farm labourers, among the lowest paid workers in the country, is also examined. Queries and complaints from magistrates, white farmers and from African men are recorded. The interpretation of the Secretary of Native Affairs on the relevant provisions of the Act and his responses to queries and objections relating to the taxation of those workers, are also investigated.
Esi sifundo siphanda irhafu yokuqala yesizwe eyayibizwa kumadoda ama-Afrika kweMdibaniso woMzantsi Afrika. Le rhafu kwakusithiwa yi“rhafu jikelele”, kwaye yayisekwe ngokomthetho owaziwa ngokuba yiNatives Taxation and Development Act wonyaka we-1925, kwaye yayifunwa kuwo onke amadoda nokuba ahlupheke kangakanani na. Imbali yalo Mthetho inikiwe, kwaye kuphononongwe neengxoxo neengxabano ezakhokelela ekuphunyezweni kwawo. Kuqwalaselwe kwakhona ubunzima obavela xa kwakucelelwa ukuphunyezwa kwawo, indlela yokuwutolika nokuwunyanzelisa. Kukwaphononongwe nezigwebo zeenkundla zamatyala ezimalunga namadoda awayesala ukubandakanywa nenkcazelo yalo Mthetho, eyayicalula ngokwebala, neyayisithi “iinzalelwane”. Kuxoxwe banzi ngetyala losapho lwenye indoda olwaziswa eNatala kusithiwa “ngamakhoboka akhululweyo”. Kuphandiwe ngendlela ababeziva ngayo abantu xa kwaphuma isinyanzeliso seSebe Lemicimbi Yeenzalelwane, esithi “Amaqhakancu, AbaThwa namaKoranna” awafakwa wona kulo Mthetho. Inkcazelo yoMthetho ethi “iinzalelwane” yayingachaphazeli nje amadoda kuphela, yayichaphazela namanye amaqela abantu abantsundu ababengaqondakali ncam ukuba baloluphi na uhlanga, kwaye sisithini isimo sabo serhafu. Ziphononongiwe neengxaki ezazingqonge amaGriqua, wona ayenesimo serhafu esingahoywanga, engananzwanga nangokuseMthethweni nakwiimbalelwano zoburhulumente. Okunye okuphandiweyo kukubizwa irhafu kwabasebenzi basezifama, bona babengabona bahlawulwa kancinci. Zishicilelwe nezikhalazo nemibuzo evela kwiimantyi, amafama amhlophe namadoda ama-Afrika. Ziphononongiwe iindlela zokutolikwa kwezilungiselelo zoMthetho, zitolikwa nguNobhala wemicimbi Yeenzalelwane nendlela lo Nobhala awayephendula ngayo imibuzo nezikhalazo ezazibhekiselele kwabo basebenzi.
Hierdie studie ondersoek die eerste nasionale hoofbelasting wat op Afrika-mans in die Unie van Suid-Afrika gehef is. Hierdie sogenaamde “algemene belasting” is ingevolge die Naturelle Belasting en Ontwikkeling Wet van 1925 voorgeskryf, en is gehef ongeag ’n man se inkomste of onvermoëndheid. Die historiese agtergrond tot die Wet word uiteengesit, en debatte en dispute wat tot die uitvaardiging daarvan gelei het, word oorweeg. Die probleme verbonde aan die toepassing, uitleg en afdwinging van die Wet word ook ondersoek. Hofbeslissings rakende mans wat hul insluiting onder die Wet se sentrale, rasse-definisie van ‘“naturel” ontken het, word bestudeer. Die saak van een individu wie se afstammelinge as “bevryde slawe” na Natal gebring is, word in besonderhede bespreek. Die Wet se definisie van “naturel” het nie net individuele mans beïnvloed nie, maar ook ’n aantal swart groepe oor wie se rasse- en belastingstatus onsekerheid bestaan het. Reaksies op ’n aanwysing van die Departement Naturellesake, wat uitdruklik “Hottentotte, Boesmans en Korannas” van die toepassingsbestek van die Wet uitsluit, word dienooreenkomstig ondersoek. Probleme met betrekking tot die Griekwas, wie se belastingstatus aanvanklik in wetgewing en amptelike omsendbriewe geïgnoreer is, word verken. Die belastingbetaling deur plaasarbeiders, wat onder die laags besoldigde werkers in die land was, word ook bekyk. Navrae en klagtes van landdroste, wit boere en Afrika-mans word vermeld. Die uitleg van die tersaaklike bepalings van die Wet deur die Sekretaris van Naturellesake en sy reaksies op navrae oor en besware teen die belastingpligtigheid van daardie werkers word ook ondersoek.
College of Accounting Sciences
M. Compt (Accounting Science)
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Evans, Ivan Thomas. "The political economy of a state apparatus the Department of Native Affairs in the transition from segregation to apartheid in South Africa /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13730295.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1986.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 330-345).
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Masina, Edward Muntu. "An analysis of African reluctance to meet the labour demands of the Transvaal colony as expressed in the Labour Commission of 1903 and the South African Native Affairs Commission, 1903-1905." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/756.
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The Transvaal Colony experienced a huge problem with the scarcity of African labour for the mines and for the farms after the South African War. From 1901 to 1906 African labourers displayed great reluctance to meet the labour demands of the Transvaal colony. Both black and white witnesses to the Transvaal Labour Commission (TLC) and the South African Native Affairs Commission (SANAC) gave their views regarding the reasons why African labourers were unavailable for wage labour.
The Chamber of Mines dominated the proceedings of the TLC so that in the end very little objective information could be gained from the TLC. Africans themselves, testifying before SANAC stated a number of grievances which might have been responsible for the widespread withdrawal from employment on the mines. It became clear that Africans preferred to work independently rather than to provide labour for whites who ill-treated them. This they could only do if land was available to them.History
M.A. (History)
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Lai, Guo-feng, and 賴國峯. "Literati and Public Affairs in Qian Mu’s The Outline History of the Nation (Guo Shi Da Gang)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k52trf.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
歷史學研究所
105
Prior to the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), most Chinese scholars tended to understand the traditional Chinese polity as absolutism; Marxist historians in that time even rewrote Chinese history from the perspective of historical materialism. Nevertheless, Qian Mu(錢穆, 1895-1990), who provided courses in Chinese history in the National Peking University in the 1930s, disagreed with those statements in his masterpiece, The Outline History of the Nation(國史大綱, Guo Shi Da Gang), published in 1940. Qian Mu contended that the trajectory of Chinese history was deeply shaped by literati, who shouldered the responsibility for ordering the world and devoted themselves to public affairs. He pointed out that “the society of the common (平民社會)” forming between the Eastern Zhou dynasty and the early Han dynasty provided the foundation of “scholar-official government (士人政府)” that effected the course of Chinese history until the end of the imperial era. Literati from the society of the common became the officials and participated in public affairs of the state. Literati contributed immensely to political improvement and people''s livelihood. They also limited the power of emperors at different levels in various ways. Qian Mu argued that it is impossible for governments consisting of literati to be absolutistic ones. From Qian Mu’s point of view, “scholar-official government” was the special product of Chinese civilization, evidently different from the political pattern of Western history. By the same token, he contended that it would be extremely inappropriate to analyze Chinese history based on the theory of historical materialism. In conclusion, this thesis proposes that The Outline History of the Nation as one of Qian Mu’s most significant works systematically analyzed Chinese history and highly emphasized the role of literati and their devotion to public affairs in it. The Outline History of the Nation also effectively challenged other historians in Qian Mu’s generation who understood Chinese history from the perspective of absolutism and materialism.
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Ionita, Ovidiu Cristian V. "Nationalisme, construction nationale et «action extérieure» : les entités nationales non souveraines espagnoles et l’Union européenne (1992-2008)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11124.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur l’évolution des relations des « nationalités historiques » espagnoles avec l’Union européenne dans les années 1992-2008. L’analyse se concentre sur la genèse d’une paradiplomatie nationaliste européenne dont l’objectif est la reconnaissance de l’identité nationale de ces communautés au sein de l’Union européenne. Après avoir obtenu une certaine reconnaissance nationale et un statut privilégié en Espagne, les élites de ces « nations sans État » ont remarqué que le processus de construction de l’Union européenne a des conséquences négatives sur leur autonomie et, dans ce contexte, ces élites nationalistes sont obligées à concevoir une vraie politique européenne pour protéger leurs intérêts nationaux en Espagne et dans l’Union européenne.
À partir de l’étude des rapports établis entre les « nationalités historiques » espagnoles avec l’Union européenne, nous démontrons que l’involution autonomique (en Espagne) et le manque d’empathie de l’Union européenne envers ces communautés nationales sont les principales causes de la genèse de leur politique européenne. Loin d’être simplement associée à une forme de régionalisme ou de néo-régionalisme, cette politique étrangère (« action extérieure ») de ces entités envers l’Union européenne fait partie d’un processus de construction nationale et pourrait être définie comme une paradiplomatie nationaliste.
La présente thèse, basée sur une analyse de la politique européenne des « nationalités historiques » entre 1992 et 2008, soutient que les limites du dessein institutionnel de l’Union européenne représentent la principale raison d’être de l’évolution de la paradiplomatie nationaliste vers une protodiplomatie apparemment incohérente. Dans une telle situation, l’inaptitude institutionnelle de l’Union européenne à accommoder les demandes nationalistes serait une cause majeure de l’échec des initiatives nationalistes autonomistes et, en même temps, une cause de l’émergence d’un nouveau courant nationaliste au sein des élites des « nations sans État » occidentales, dont le but est la construction d’un propre État national à l’intérieur de l’Union européenne.This tesis deals with the story of the relationship between the Spanish "historical nationalities" and the European Union in 1992-2008. The analysis is focusing on the birth of EU-centred nationalist paradiplomacy with the aim of achieving national identity recognition for these communities within the European Union. After having obtained some national recognition and a privileged status within Spain, the elites of these "nations without state" have noted that the process of building the European Union has a negative impact on their autonomy and, in this context, these nationalist elites are forced to conceive a genuine European policy in order to protect their national interests in Spain and within the European Union. Based on the research on the relationship between the Spanish "historical nationalities" and the European Union, we argue that the autonomic involution (within Spain) and the EU lack of empathy for these national communities are the main causes of the birth of their European policy. Far from being simply associated with some kind of regionalism or neo-regionalism, this foreign policy ("external affairs") is a part of a process of national construction and could be defined as a nationalist paradiplomacy. Furthermore, based on an analysis of this EU-centred foreign policy between 1992 and 2008, our tesis claims that the limits of institutional design of the EU represent the main reason for the evolution of this nationalist paradiplomacy towards an apparently incoherent protodiplomacy. In such a situation, the EU institutional inability to accomodate the nationalist demands seems to be responsible for the failure of some Home Rule nationalist projects and stimulates the growth of a new wave of nationalists whose objective is a national State-building within the European Union.