Relevant bibliographies by topics / National Womenś League

Academic literature on the topic 'National Womenś League'

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Published: 27 July 2024
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Journal articles on the topic "National Womenś League"

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Coates, Dennis, and Meredith Webber. "Pay and Performance in Men’s and Women’s Football: Comparing the MLS and NWSL." International Journal of Sport Finance 18, no. 4 (November 2023): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/ijsf/184.112023.04.

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The purpose of this research is two-fold; first, to assess whether men and women football players “perform the same work,” as required for wage discrimination, and second, to compare pay and performance for men and women players in the top professional soccer leagues in the US. We utilize data from Major League Soccer and the National Women’s Soccer League over the period 2016 through 2019 to compare how performance translates into team success in the two leagues and to forecast the salaries of women players for comparison with the men. Our results show that the determinants of win production are the same for the men’s and women’s teams, indicating that men and women do similar work. Additionally, the average woman player would earn more than the average male player if performance were compensated the same way in both leagues for the same number of games.
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Mirabito, Timothy, Robin Hardin, and Joshua R. Pate. "The Fractured Messaging of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Its Members in Response to COVID-19." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0249.

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The sports world’s near universal moratorium in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was abrupt and unprecedented. From professional leagues to youth sports, doors were closed to competitions and events to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. The hiatus began at one of the busiest times on the calendar for sport, with the National Basketball Association and National Hockey League seasons concluding; the Women's National Basketball Association and National Football League drafts taking place; Major League Baseball's spring training nearing its conclusion; the Professional Golf Association and Ladies Professional Golf Association Tours starting their seasons; and the National Collegiate Athletic Association's marquee events, the Division-I men’s and women’s basketball tournaments, set to begin. The suddenness of the interruption was met with a need by the various sport entities to engage their public with information about their respective responses. The statements that emerged on or after March 12—“the day the sports world stopped”—were not all the same. Many of the statements, in fact, were quite different. That was especially the case with the National Collegiate Athletic Association, whose governance structure and messaging practices hindered their ability to have a uniform response. The purpose of this essay was to examine the public messaging of sport leagues and organizations and to discuss the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of those public statements.
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Smith, Danielle K., and Jonathan Casper. "Making an Impact: An Initial Review of U.S. Sport League Corporate Social Responsibility Responses During COVID-19." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0241.

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COVID-19 has brought about an unprecedented time where a majority of major American sporting organizations have ceased competition. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions, historically an avenue for sport organizations to positively impact society, provide a compelling avenue of study during this time. While researchers have observed the role of CSR and crisis communication when the crisis arises from within the organization, there is a need to understand CSR shifts and responses when the crisis is on a societal level. This commentary examines efforts of major U.S. sport league CSR programs (National Basketball Association/Women's National Basketball Association, National Football League, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, and National Hockey League), starting in mid-March when the majority of organizations ceased competition. Data were gathered using a mixed-methods approach of qualitative interviews, secondary research, and social media sentiment analysis. Key findings included the emergence of two different approaches to CSR communication strategies among U.S. sport leagues as well as three clear themes of COVID-19-related communication: educate, assist, and inspire. In addition, this commentary provides an initial glance at consumer response to CSR programs, showing both positive and negative sentiment trends.
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Wiggins, Anthony J., Obiajulu Agha, Agustin Diaz, Kristofer J. Jones, Brian T. Feeley, and Nirav K. Pandya. "Current Perceptions of Diversity Among Head Team Physicians and Head Athletic Trainers: Results Across US Professional Sports Leagues." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 232596712110472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211047271.

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Background: Discrepancies in race, ethnicity, and sex among health care providers and their patients have been shown to affect the patient-provider relationship as well as the quality of care. Currently, minority and female representation among orthopaedic surgeons remains low. Given the large proportion of minority athletes and their degree of public visibility, professional sports serves as an important arena within which to analyze the diversity of health care providers. Purpose: To describe and evaluate the current level of diversity of head team physicians (HTPs) and head athletic trainers (ATCs), primarily in terms of race and sex, within men’s professional sports leagues in the United States. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Five major US professional sports leagues were evaluated: National Basketball Association, National Football League, National Hockey League, Major League Soccer, and Major League Baseball. Publicly available data were collected to identify the HTPs and head ATCs for each team within these leagues. Two independent observers analyzed photographs and names of these individuals to determine his or her perceived race and sex, with disagreements being resolved by a third independent observer. Other physician data collected included graduate degree(s), specialty, and number of years in practice. Kappa coefficients (κ) were employed to evaluate interobserver reliability. Chi-square, Fisher exact, and t tests were used for statistical comparisons across leagues. Results: The κ values for perceived race were 0.85 for HTPs and 0.89 for head ATCs, representing near-perfect interobserver agreement. Minorities comprised 15.5% of HTPs and 20.7% of ATCs ( P = .24). Women comprised 3.9% of HTPs and 1.3% of head ATCs ( P = .017). The majority of HTPs were orthopaedic surgeons with medical doctorates. Female HTPs had significantly fewer years in practice compared with male HTPs (15.0 ± 4.9 vs 23.1 ± 9.6; P = .04). Conclusion: The lead physicians and athletic training providers for men’s professional sports teams demonstrated low rates of minority and female representation, denoting a highly visible area for discussing the role of increased diversity in health care.
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WILSON KIMBER, MARIAN. "Women Composers at the White House: The National League of American Pen Women and Phyllis Fergus's Advocacy for Women in American Music." Journal of the Society for American Music 12, no. 4 (November 2018): 477–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196318000378.

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AbstractWomen composers' concerts, arranged by Phyllis Fergus, were held for Eleanor Roosevelt at the White House in 1934 and 1936. They featured music by members of the National League of American Pen Women—an organization for writers, artists, and composers—and were part of a substantial agenda proposed by Fergus, its music director and later president, to achieve national recognition for its composer members. Drawing on Fergus's scrapbooks and documentation in the FDR Library and Pen Women's archives, this article explores the events that Fergus helped to organize, including concerts in Miami, Chautauqua, and Chicago, the latter played by members of the Women's Symphony Orchestra. White House appearances by Amy Beach helped emphasize the League's professional status, and the nationalistic tone of its publicity, urging audiences to “Buy American” during the Depression, worked to distract from age-old assertions of women's lack of creativity. However, the musicales for Roosevelt, who received the composers socially rather than as paid professionals, reinforced women's domestic position, and financial restraints limited most League programming to the genres typically associated with female composers. Despite its separation from a male mainstream, the NLAPW was nonetheless a significant force in promoting women's music in the 1930s.
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Bauchrowicz-Tocka, Maria. "Posłanki – liderki Ligi Kobiet (na wybranym przykładzie)." Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, no. 1(10) (2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2021.01.10.06.

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The article presents the participation in parliamentary work of the co-founder and activist of the League of Women, MP of the National National Council, the Legislative Sejm and the Sejm of the first term of office Maria Jaszczukowa. The MP was the rapporteur for the abortion law adopted in 1956 and became its “media face”. Sejm speeches by Jaszczukowa also concerned issues in the field of family law, social matters, and professional activity of women. The solutions and legal regulations proposed by her from the parliamentary tribunal harmonized with the program of the Women’s League. The question of the real effectiveness and influence of the League’s deputies on the government’s policy at the time remains unanswered.
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TeBrake, Janet K. "Irish peasant women in revolt: the Land League years." Irish Historical Studies 28, no. 109 (May 1992): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400018587.

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Between 1879 and 1882 a mass agrarian movement, led by the Irish National Land League, became a strong, all-encompassing force in Irish life for a brief but crucial period. This movement, one of the largest agrarian movements to take place in nineteenth-century Europe, has been treated as a nationalist movement, with emphasis of study placed on the role, contributions and aims of the league’s national leaders. These men, seeking their own varieties of self-government, saw the land movement as means to a political end. To them the land agitation provided a stepping-stone to national independence. It was the Irish peasantry, however, motivated primarily by economic considerations, that provided the driving force behind the movement, and at this level Irish peasant women made major contributions to the agrarian revolt. In this study the Land League movement is viewed as an agrarian protest movement; its purpose is to examine in particular the roles played by the Irish peasant women during the Land League period.These contributions have not been adequately recognised in historical literature. Recently the role of the Irish peasant has been duly acknowledged, but in these discussions a male image usually appears. When the Irish women’s role in the land movement is examined, it is done so in the context of the organisation known as the Ladies’ Land League. These studies concentrate on the activities of the upper- and middle-class urban leaders, particularly the Parnell sisters. But to dwell only on the Ladies’ Land League as the focus of women’s participation in the Land League movement is far too narrow, for it obscures the fact that hundreds of peasant women were fighting the Land War on a daily basis long before the formation of the women’s organisation. The papers of some of the local branches of the Land League provide evidence which shows that Irish rural women participated in the Land War from its beginning. Although the archival sources of the Land League period are biased towards men, enough material regarding the peasant women’s activities, admittedly limited and somewhat sparse, does exist to allow a strong argument to be put forward that peasant women performed effectively in the Land War.
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Geisler, Gisela. "Sisters under the Skin: Women and the Women's League in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1987): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0000759x.

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In March 1985 the Second National Women's Rights Conference was held on the Copperbelt. Although Betty Kaunda, wife of the President, addressed the 135 participants in her opening speech as if they were representing the Women's League of the United National Independence Party (U.N.I.P.), surprisingly only two of them, apart from the invited guests of honour, claimed to be associated with this organisation. Hardly any of the issues raised by the League entered the discussions during the three-day conference, and the recommendations were far form being a reflection of its stated aims.1
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Leu, Hav P. ""Profoundly Cosmopolitan of Heart and Spirit"?" Culture and History: Student Research Papers 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/chku.v7i1.138101.

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Germany was a member of the League of Nations from 1926 to 1933. During that time, there were Germans employed at the Secretariat, and its Information Section, which had the greatest German presence, opened a small office to represent the League in Berlin. The League was founded on liberal internationalist ideals and its Covenant included a revolutionary article that opened all positions up to men and women equally. A biographical study of three German individuals associated with the Section and office reveals that ideological commitment to the League was not a given among all German employees, and gives insight into the interplay of gender, class and national – or international – identity. It also shows how the realities of who was employed in the Secretariat, and why, often hinged – despite the League’s ideological basis and the Covenant’s promise – on pragmatic and political considerations.
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Manicom, Desiree. "National Women's League Conference: Women Act Now for Equality, Unity and Development!" Agenda, no. 10 (1991): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065448.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National Womenś League"

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Gatling, Book Juli. "Utopian Dreams, National Realities: Intellectual Cooperation and the League of Nations." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/36.

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Utopian Dreams, National Realities: Intellectual Cooperation and the League of Nations chronicles the work of the League of Nations’ International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (CICI). This dissertation demonstrates how the CICI’s utopian vision of international peace was actively challenged by national tensions and agendas in the interwar period. It examines the idealistic goals of the movement by focusing on the narratives and motivations of key committee members as they worked toward their own ideas of peace. The challenge of nationalism is illustrated through an analysis of major disagreements between CICI members as well as through biographical case studies of lesser-known members. The pursuit of “moral disarmament,” or the process of changing mentalities towards war, was a central component of the CICI’s work. Both education and film were envisioned as ways to influence the public and engender anti-war sentiment. This work argues that the League of Nations’ conception of internationalism was Eurocentric and moral disarmament was formulated within an Anglo-American context. Both of these limitations narrowed the influence of the CICI’s peace work to certain geographical areas of influence and effectively marginalized less powerful nations and individuals within it.
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Miller, Carol Ann. "Lobbying the League : women's international organizations and the League of Nations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f517ac72-18b3-42b2-9728-31129462bf4a.

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This thesis is an account of women's international work at the League of Nations. While feminists' shift from the national to the international arena has been noted in studies on the inter-war women's movement, most often it has been interpreted as a reflection of the heightened salience of peace work in the aftermath of the First World War. This is an important observation but it overlooks the fact that women's activities at the League embraced the full spectrum of feminist causes: social reform, women's rights and peace. This thesis gives prominence to inter-war feminist activity played against the backdrop of institutional developments at the League which encouraged women to believe their goals could be advanced under its auspices. One of the major goals of the Women's International Organizations was to establish a political role for women in international affairs. The first chapter describes the efforts of women's organizations to secure the representation of women in the League of Nations. Many recently enfranchised women in Europe and North America identified the League as an institution toward which they should direct their newly won political influence. This is assessed in the context of ideas that emerged in the aftermath of the First World War about the transformation of the international sphere through the infusion of female values. The second, third and fourth chapters present a profile of the women's networks operating in and around the League. The study reveals a high level of interaction between the Women's International Organizations and women in official positions at the League. Chapter 2 examines the aims of the Women's International Organizations and exposes tensions between social feminist and equal rights feminist organizations that led to a struggle for influence at the League. The third and fourth chapters assess the impact of gender-stereotyping on patterns of appointments to the League. However much appointments to Assembly delegations and League advisory committees should have carried with them national allegiances, women delegates were often seen to represent women and this both positively and negatively affected women's participation. The remaining chapters assess women's impact on the development of League activities with particular attention to the implications of the idea that women as women had a special contribution to make at the international level. Chapter 5 explores the extent to which the assertion of difference enhanced women's influence with regard to the League's social and humanitarian work in the 1920s and enabled them to have several gender-specific concerns placed on the agenda. The Depression and the rise of reactionary ideologies influenced feminists to call for more decisive League action on the status of women in the 1930s. Most member states of the League, however, did not view the status of women as a subject for international consideration. Chapter 6 looks at the conflict between social and equal rights feminists over what League initiatives would prove most effective for advancing the status of women and traces developments that ultimately led to the League sponsored Inquiry on the Legal Status of Women in 1937. The seventh chapter assesses the impact of traditional associations between women and peace on women's peace activities at the League. Cultural representations of women as peace-loving had political relevance in the context of League activities and the League attempted to bolster support in the 1930s by intensifying collaboration with women. Significantly, the Women's International Organizations responded by asserting that only with equality would women's influence for peace be fully available. The interplay between equality and difference permeated women's international work at every level and the conclusion evaluates the way in which this tension influenced women's participation in and contribution to the activities of the League of Nations.
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Burke, Niamh R. "Effects of caffeine supplementation on Women's National League soccer players' performance." Thesis, University of Chester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620457.

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Purpose: To determine the effects of acute caffeine ingestion on female soccer players repeated-sprint performance, time to exhaustion, heart-rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Additionally, to investigate if habitual caffeine consumption effects supplementation results. Methods: Using a randomised double-blind research design, 18 females from the Women’s National League ingested two-tablets containing either caffeine (400 mg) or placebo (lactose) 1 hour before completing an indoor multiple-sprint test (12 x 30 metre; separated by 35 seconds rest), and a multi-stage fitness test (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2). Participants attended two-testing sessions 7-days apart and consumed either placebo or caffeine on the first session, and the opposite on the second testing session. Sprint-times were recorded using dual-beam photocells, time to exhaustion was measured in seconds and metres covered using interval recording on paper. Heart rate was monitored continuously, while RPE was measured after every third-sprint and every-minute during the multi-stage fitness test. Results: Sprint 3, 4, and 5 in the multiple-sprint test showed significant results (three sprints p=0.001, sprint 3: caffeine 7.58±1.36, placebo 7.61±1.33, sprint 4: caffeine 7.54±1.35, placebo 7.60±1.31, sprint 5: caffeine 7.56±1.36, placebo 7.60±1.32), while sprint 8 and 9 showed a tendency for faster times. Time to exhaustion was significantly improved with caffeine (p=0.0001, caffeine 428±209 seconds, placebo 345±122 seconds), heart-rate was not significantly different between trials as no interaction effect was found between trials (p=0.183), RPE overall wasn’t statistically different between trials (all values were p > 0.005) with sprint 12 providing the only significant different rating of perceived exertion score (p=0.003, placebo 16.3±0.8, caffeine 15.7±0.9). Finally, habitual caffeine consumption wasn’t statistically different between conditions (time to exhaustion p=0.92, rating of perceived exertion p > 0.005, heart-rate p > 0.01, and multiple sprints p > 0.004). Conclusion: Caffeine supplementation improves female soccer performance by means of increased time to exhaustion, tendency to improve multiple-sprint performance, and doesn’t affect heart-rate. Caffeine does not affect rating of perceived exertion, however, due to the increase in performance seen it is thought that unchanged RPE allows the body to work at higher intensities for longer. Finally, habitual caffeine consumption does not affect results as long as an abstention period of 48 hours is undertaken prior to matches. Take home message: Caffeine in a 400mg dose positively effects female soccer performance and minimal health risks or negative effects are associated with this supplementation. Caffeine produces a huge positive increase in endurance capacity, such as time to exhaustion, while also increasing the ability to perform at higher intensities for longer, reduced perception of effort.
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Paice, Catherine. "Barriers to Effective Conversation about the Menstrual Cycle between Athletes and Support Staff." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410917.

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Introduction: Research on the menstrual cycle and its influence on an athlete’s health, wellbeing and performance is limited and inconclusive. However, there remains a general consensus that the menstrual cycle, menstrual dysfunction and hormonal contraceptive use has some influence on the physical, physiological and psychological health of an athlete and consequently will affect an athlete’s health, wellbeing and athletic performance. It would be assumed, then that monitoring the effect of the menstrual cycle would be a priority amongst Support Staff working in female sport and that conversations surrounding athletes’ menstrual health would be commonplace. However, it is currently unknown whether conversations surrounding these topics are taking place between Support Staff and athletes. The low level of knowledge that elite athletes and Sport Coaches possess on the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives (as studied previously) suggests that either these conversations are not happening, or that they’re ineffective in transferring useful information. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether these conversations are taking place and to investigate the barriers to effective conversation about the menstrual cycle between Support Staff and female athletes. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey with 26 participants who serve as Support Staff for a range of professional female sports including the Women’s Big Bash League (Cricket), the Suncorp Super Netball, Women’s Australian Football League and the Women’s National Rugby League. A 36-item questionnaire was developed to determine the quantity and quality of conversations that take place between Support Staff and female athletes within the female professional sporting environment. The questionnaire investigated the role of three contextual factors (opportunity, environment and responsibility) and how these factors influence conversation between Support Staff and female athletes surrounding the topic of the menstrual cycle, menstrual dysfunction and hormonal contraception. Demographic information was collected, and the influence of opportunity (i.e., time), environment (i.e., team culture) and responsibility (i.e., their perceived level of responsibility towards the athletes) on conversation was explored between participants from different professions and sporting codes. Results: Within these four sporting codes, opportunity does not appear to be a barrier to the quantity of conversation occurring between Support Staff and female athletes, with 89% of Support Staff reporting having the opportunity to ask questions of their athletes. The cultural environment appears to be generally supportive, however there remains a large proportion of Support Staff that are uncomfortable raising issues surrounding the menstrual cycle, and knowledge of these topics is not prioritised amongst Support Staff. For instance, there was a discrepancy amongst Support Staff raising issues surrounding period pain and menstrual cramping when compared to topics such as muscle injury and soreness amongst athletes. Gender also plays an influential role, with 60% of female Support Staff compared to 27% of male Support Staff agreeing that knowledge of the menstrual cycle, menstrual dysfunction and hormonal contraception is ‘extremely important’. While most Support Staff included knowledge and support of the menstrual health of athletes as their responsibility, 20% of Support Staff were unclear as to whether discussing the menstrual cycle with athletes was expected of their role. Similarly, there remains more than a quarter of Support Staff who are unclear as to whose role it is to refer athletes with suspect menstrual disturbance to specialist practitioners. Finally, 8% of Support Staff had never had a discussion with female athletes about their menstrual cycle. These results suggest that responsibility, at least in some instances, remains a barrier to effective conversations about the menstrual cycle between athletes and Support Staff. Conclusion: It appears as though the menstrual cycle is not extensively discussed between female athletes and Support Staff. Given that many still view the menstrual cycle as a sensitive or awkward topic to broach, in concert with the reported ambiguity surrounding responsibility and the discrepancy in attitudes towards the menstrual cycle between male and female Support Staff, it is likely that these conversations take place infrequently. This could have negative repercussions, as without knowledge and communication surrounding an athletes menstrual health, Support Staff will be less likely to identify and address menstrual disorders, which are common amongst athletes and can negatively impact an athlete’s performance, health, and wellbeing.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)
School of Pharmacy & Med Sci
Griffith Health
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Zetterman, Sofia. "War, peace and the women’s voice : A study of the newspaper Tidevarvet and its view on women´s rights and the peace during the interwar period." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Religionsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34220.

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The purpose of this essay is to study articles from the newspaper Tidevarvet during the newspapers first years 1923-1924, and the newspapers last year, 1936. The main focus will be on the topics about women’s right and the peace issue.  The main research questions are the following: What is Tidevarvets opinions on the topics of peace and the women´s issue? Did these opinions change from the newspapers start in 1923 to it´s final year in 1936? Can their opinions somehow be reflected in the modern convention about human rights? The method that is used is a qualitative content analysis. Some of the articles in todays convention of human rights can be seen in the newspaper. Tidevarvet were a production of it´s time, were the topics of the time dominated the discussion. The suffragette movement was a big subject in the newspapers first years, when the women just two years before had ben given the right to vote. But when the war in Europe was approaching in the newspapers later years, the issues of peace became more dominant.
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Parr, Rosalind Elizabeth. "Citizens of everywhere : Indian nationalist women and the global public sphere, 1900-1952." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33063.

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The first half of the twentieth century saw the evolution of the global public sphere as a site for political expression and social activism. In the past, this history has been marginalised by a discipline-wide preference for national and other container- based frames of analysis. However, in the wake of 'the global turn', historians have increasingly turned their attention to the ways historical actors thought, acted, and organised globally. Transnational histories of South Asia feed into our understanding of these processes, yet, so far, little attention has been paid to the role of Indian nationalist women, despite there being significant 'global' aspects to their lives and careers. Citizens of Everywhere addresses this lacuna through an examination of the transnational activities of a handful of prominent nationalist women between 1900 and 1950. These include alliances and interactions with women's organisations, anti-imperial supporters and the League of Nations, as well as official contributions to the business of the fledgling United Nations Organisation after 1946. This predominantly below-state-level activity built on and contributed to public and private networks that traversed the early twentieth century world, cutting across national, state and imperial boundaries to create transnational solidarities to transformative effect. Set against a backdrop of rising imperialist-nationalist tension and global geopolitical conflict, these relationships enable a counter-narrative of global citizenship - a concept that at once connotes a sense of belonging, a modus operandi, and an assertive political claim. However, they were also highly gendered, sometimes tenuous, and frequently complex interactions that constantly evolved according to local and global conditions. In advancing our understanding of nationalist women's careers, Citizens of Everywhere contributes to the recovery of Indian women's historical subjectivity, which, in turn, sheds light on gender and nationalism in South Asia. Further, Indian women's transnational activities draw attention to a range of interventions and processes that illuminate the global history of liberal ideas and political practices, the legacies of which appear embattled in the present era.
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Clark-Wiltz, Meredith. "Revising Constitutions: Race and Sex Discrimination in Jury Service, 1868-1979." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305652946.

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April, Thozama. "Theorising women: the intellectual contributions of Charlotte Maxeke to the struggle for liberation in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3847_1360849448.

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The study outlines five areas of intervention in the development of women&rsquo
s studies and politics on the continent. Firstly, it examines the problematic construction and the inclusion of women in the narratives of the liberation struggle in South Africa. Secondly, the study identifies the sphere of intellectual debates as one of the crucial sites in the production of historical knowledge about the legacies of liberation struggles on the continent. Thirdly, it traces the intellectual trajectory of Charlotte Maxeke as an embodiment of the intellectual contributions of women in the struggle for liberation in South Africa. In this regard, the study traces Charlotte Maxeke as she deliberated and engaged on matters pertaining to the welfare of the Africans alongside the prominent intellectuals of the twentieth century. Fourthly, the study inaugurates a theoretical departure from the documentary trends that define contemporary studies on women and liberation movements on the continent. Fifthly, the study examines the incorporation of Maxeke&rsquo
s legacy of active intellectual engagement as an integral part of gender politics in the activities of the Women&rsquo
s Section of the African National Congress. In the areas identified, the study engages with the significance of the intellectual inputs of Charlotte Maxeke in South African history.

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Ryan, Mackenzie Anne. "An Analysis of National Football League Fandom and Its Promotion of Conservative Cultural Ideals About Race, Religion, and Gender." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1343359916.

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Hurley, Kameron. "The voice of women? : the ANC and the rhetoric of women's resistance, 1976-1989." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4124.

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This thesis is an examination of the African National Congress Women's League publication Voice of Women, from 1976-1989. The Voice of Women was the only regular publication produced in affiliation with the ANC that was directly targeted at -- and primarily produced by -- women. Through an examination of the articles and images within this publication, supplemented with meeting minutes, published interviews, ANC press statements and newspaper articles, this work attempts to understand the relationship between the ANC Women's League as an auxiliary body dedicated to the overall aims of the parent body of the ANC and the Women's League as an organisation capable of forwarding women's rights while putting women's concerns at the forefront of the political landscape. The history of the publication's inception, funding, audience and editorial concerns during the 1971-1979 period are covered in Chapter One of this dissertation, as the language of the publication was honed and refined to a militant pitch. Images of women as mothers and militant fighters are explored in depth in Chapters Two and Four, particularly the use of the term "mother of the nation" as an image promulgated by the ANC as the ideal type of "woman" involved in the liberation movement. Chapter Three covers the negotiation between the ANC Women's Secretariat's desire to launch a campaign against Oepo Provera while simultaneously forwarding the aims of the ANC by altering the scope of the campaign to encompass the National Party's family planning programme. Finally, the epilogue of this dissertation briefly addresses the subsequent failure of the Women's League to enact effective women's campaigns inside the country after the unbanning of the ANC in 1990. The political turmoil that the ANCWL experienced under the leadership of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela can be examined as a dissolution of the carefully negotiated landscape the ANCWL tread with the ANC throughout its period in exile as portrayed in the pages of VOW.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Books on the topic "National Womenś League"

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Wedded to the game: The real lives of NFL women. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

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Ukrainian, National Women's League of America 2nd 1990 Detroit Mich. Pamʹi︠a︡tkova knyz︠h︡ka XXII Konventsiï SUA =: Souvenir book - Twenty second Convention of the UNWLA. Detroit: UNWLA, 1990.

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Ukrainian National Women's League of America. (21st 1987 Cleveland, Ohio). Pamʹi︠a︡tkova knyz︠h︡ka XXI Konventsiï SUA =: Souvenir book - Twenty first Convention of the UNWLA. New York: UNWLA, 1987.

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Payne, Elizabeth Anne. Reform, labor, and feminism: Margaret Dreier Robins and the Women's Trade Union League. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988.

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Convention, Ukrainian National Women's League of America. Stypendiĭna akt︠s︡ii︠a︡ SUA =: UNWLA scholarship/children-student sponsorship program 1993-2001. New York: Ukrainian National Women's League of America, 2002.

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Ukrainian National Women's League of America. Convention. Stypendiĭna akt︠s︡ii︠a︡ SUA =: UNWLA scholarship/children-student sponsorship program 2002-2007. New York: Ukrainian National Women's League of America, 2008.

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Ukrainian National Women's League of America. Convention. Stypendiĭna akt︠s︡ii︠a︡ SUA =: UNWLA scholarship program 1987-1992. New York: Ukrainian National Women's League of America, 1993.

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Moorhouse, Frank. Grand days. London: Picador, 1993.

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Fuller, Paul E. Laura Clay and the woman's rights movement. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky, 1992.

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Ponti, James. WNBA: Stars of women's basketball. New York, NY: Pocket Books, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "National Womenś League"

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MacPherson, D. A. J. "The Gaelic League." In Women and the Irish Nation, 87–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137284587_5.

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Nidiffer, Jana. "The National College Equal Suffrage League." In The Educational Work of Women’s Organizations, 1890–1960, 81–99. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230610125_5.

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White, Bonnie. "From Village Drama to a National League." In Women’s Amateur Theatre in Rural Britain, 1919–1945, 25–60. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003300175-2.

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Hook, Jennifer L., and Meiying Li. "Gendered Tradeoffs." In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 249–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_11.

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AbstractIn this chapter we review the research linking national-level family policies on childcare services and parental leave to women’s labor market outcomes. We review the state of the literature in answering two primary questions: (1) Do generous family policies perpetuate gender inequality in the labor market? That is, do family policies have unintended consequences or promote women’s inclusion into the labor force at the expense of gender equality within it? (2) Do generous family policies promote gender equality for certain groups of women at the expense of other groups of women? In answering this second question we focus on how policies differentially affect women by social class. We conclude with directions for future research.
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Lake, Marilyn. "From Self-Determination via Protection to Equality via Non-Discrimination: Defining Women’s Rights at the League of Nations and the United Nations." In Women's Rights and Human Rights, 254–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333977644_17.

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Kaufman, Dafna. "“It’s a Whole New Ballgame”: The American Basketball League, the Women’s National Basketball Association, and Their Intertwined Histories." In Interdisciplinary Analyses of Professional Basketball, 111–22. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41656-9_6.

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Offen, Karen. "3. National or International? How and Why the Napoleonic Code Drove Married Women’s Legal Rights onto the Agenda of the International Council of Women and the League of Nations: An Overview." In Family Law in Early Women's Rights Debates, 42–59. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412211851.42.

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Lahelma, Elina. "Controversies and Challenges in the History of Gender Discourses in Education in Finland." In Finland’s Famous Education System, 257–72. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8241-5_16.

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AbstractFinland is famous for high scores in PISA league tables as well as for high scores in gender equality indexes. Sometimes these two championships seem to be competing. Since the first PISA tests, an old concern for boys’ underachievement has received new emphasis and the gender gap in results has detracted from national pride in the excellent overall results, as well as hiding a growing social and ethnic gap. In the 1980s concern about underachieving boys in Finland was matched by efforts towards gender equality in education following global declarations and resolutions of gender equality after the United Nations’ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1979. Supported by the first equality projects, gender research in Finnish education took the first steps in the late 1980s. Since that time, gender researchers in education have collaborated in carrying out gender equality administration and projects. A constant task has been to challenge the simple juxtaposition of girls and boys that is sometimes evident in the concerns about boys’ achievements. In this chapter, I describe and analyse the interlinked histories of gender equality work, feminist studies in education, and the boy discourse, with reflections on changes and sustainability in Finnish education policies. The bodies of data include documents associated with gender equality projects, national PISA reports, reviews of research articles and PhD studies that draw on feminist research in education. I also use my own experience as an actor in the field since the early 1980s.
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Bush, Julia. "The Women's National Anti‐Suffrage League." In Women Against the Vote, 163–92. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248773.003.0007.

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David, Emmanuel. "Going National." In Women of the Storm. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041266.003.0013.

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This chapter documents Women of the Storm’s efforts to expand its membership base by partnering with national-level women’s organizations, including the Association of Junior Leagues International, the National Council of Jewish Women, The Links, and the Women’s Initiative of the United Way. The chapter examines the rationale for organizational expansion and the reasons for claiming a broader constituency. The chapter also focuses on group continuities, including the ongoing efforts by members like Lindy Boggs to use their power and influence to convince lawmakers to accept the invitation to visit.
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Conference papers on the topic "National Womenś League"

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"909 MEP025 – Epidemiology of injury and illness in the first women’s national basketball league." In 7th IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport, Monaco, 29 February–2 March 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-ioc.244.

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Santi, Keerati, and K. Ravivuth Rangubhet. "Attack Performance Model Analysis: Outside Spiker of the Champion Women's Team in Volleyball Nations League 2022." In 2023 Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectidamtncon57770.2023.10139769.

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Qiang, Ke. "Comparative Analysis on the Spiking Effect of Ace Spiker between Chinese and Foreign Women's Volleyball Teams under Information Technology : ——Take the Finals of 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League as an example." In 2021 International Conference on Information Technology and Contemporary Sports (TCS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcs52929.2021.00039.

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Dzisi, Smile, and Cletus Asare. "Raising the Next Generation of Young Women in STEM – a Missed Opportunity." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.1119.

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There is an explosion of attempts by government agencies responsible for education, development partners and civil society in a bid to increase the enrollment of girls and young women into Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) related courses at all levels of education, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In the face of all these efforts, however, school dropouts are on the ascendancy, mostly as a result of unintended pregnancies suffered by adolescent girls and young women. In most cases, the onset of unintended pregnancies constitutes a permanent blockage of the educational ambitions of the girls involved. How can this community of practice, in their attempt to raise the next generation of young women in STEM, ensure that unfortunate girls and young women who fall victim to unintended pregnancies do not get left out of the opportunities available for participation in STEM education? This paper examines the effects of unintended pregnancies on the uptake of STEM education by girls and young women. // Methods: we conducted a systematic review of program reports and publications from government ministries, Civil Society Organizations and United Nation Agencies. The reports reviewed covered a five year period from 2016 to 2020 and focused mainly on programs aimed at increasing the enrollment of girls and young women into STEM education at various levels of education. // Results: almost all programs aimed at increasing girls’ enrollment in STEM were standalone, without considering the other factors, including Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), that determine the enrollment and retention of girls in school. In Ghana alone, more than 100,000 girls dropped out of school as a result of unintended pregnancy in 2020 alone. // Conclusion: there is a missed opportunity to “leave no one behind” in the attempt of today’s community of practice to raise the next generation of girls and young women to drive innovations in Science, Technology, engineering and Mathematics (STEM) as many of them are lost to unintended pregnancies and are left out of efforts aimed at encouraging them to take up STEM education. We recommend that programs targeted in this regard should be integrated with activities that address other factors, such as SRHR, which affect the general enrollment and retention of girls and young women in school.
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Singh, Gopendra, Soumitra Ghosh, and Asif Ekbal. "Promoting Gender Equality through Gender-biased Language Analysis in Social Media." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/689.

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Gender bias is a pervasive issue that impacts women's and marginalized groups' ability to fully participate in social, economic, and political spheres. This study introduces a novel problem of Gender-biased Language Identification and Extraction (GLIdE) from social media interactions and develops a multi-task deep framework that detects gender-biased content and identifies connected causal phrases from the text using emotional information that is present in the input. The method uses a zero-shot strategy with emotional information and a mechanism to represent gender-stereotyped information as a knowledge graph. In this work, we also introduce the first-of-its-kind Gender-biased Analysis Corpus (GAC) of 12,432 social media posts and improve the best-performing baseline for gender-biased language identification and extraction tasks by margins of 4.88% and 5 ROS points, demonstrating this through empirical evaluation and extensive qualitative analysis. By improving the accuracy of identifying and analyzing gender-biased language, this work can contribute to achieving gender equality and promoting inclusive societies, in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and the Leave No One Behind principle (LNOB). We adhere to the principles of transparency and collaboration in line with the UN SDGs by openly sharing our code and dataset.
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