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Jackson, John W. "China in the South China Sea genuine multilateralism or a wolf in sheep's clothing?" Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9984.
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The South China Sea claimants base their claims on ancient documentation and archeological evidence. However, they largely ignored the territories until the 1960s, when natural resources speculations began. The 1982 UNCLOS magnified interest as claimants hoped to extend exclusive economic rights from their claims rather than continental coastlines. Another possible factor behind Chinese claims is the theory that Beijing desires to establish Chinese hegemony in the region. Beijing's shift from bilateral diplomacy and military aggression to multilateral diplomacy has created debate among Sinologists. Many argue China lacked the power necessary to assert its claims and now can finally attempt assertion again, thus the naval buildup. Others argue that natural resources drive China's SCS policy and still others believe bureaucratic infighting drives policy. Economic data shows a possible causal relationship between trade and China's political behavior. The 1996 U.S. Presidential campaign slogan, "It's the economy stupid," apparently applies to Beijing's SCS approach as well. The U.S. approach to the disputes remains one of ambivalence. As long as the United States maintains freedom of navigation through the area, Washington should remain concerned but uninvolved. Beijing largely feels the same way, with the important addition of guaranteeing access to the region's natural resources.
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Chen, Sulan. "Instrumental and induced cooperation environmental politics in the South China Sea /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3227.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Denny, Martin Anthony. "Regional strategic considerations in the Spratly Islands dispute." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18061515.
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Chung, Christopher. "The Spratly Islands dispute decision units and domestic politics /." [Canberra, Australia] : University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, School of Humanities and Social Science, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38658.
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Li, Hui. "Numerical modeling of South China Sea circulation /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202005%20LI.
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Sandy, Jordan M. "Chinese Nationalism and the South China Sea." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1598620673257404.
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Bartolomeu, Ana Sofia Sebastião. "Sea level validation in MSYM model for the South China Sea." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12010.
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Mestrado em Meteorologia e Oceanografia FísicaA região do Mar do Sul da China, e os Estreitos da Malásia e Singapura são caracterizados por um comportamento complexo da maré sob a influência dos Oceanos Pacífico e Índico, mas também devido à batimetria e geografia da região. Enquanto a maré é semidiurna no Estreito da Malásia, esta apresenta um carácter misto e diurno entre o Estreito de Singapura e o Mar do Sul da China. Para além da complexidade da região, esta é também economicamente importante e a sua navegabilidade deve ser garantida. Neste sentido, a Hidromod desenvolveu uma aplicação numérica hidrodinâmica para o Estreito da Malásia (modelo MSYM), a partir do modelo MOHID. O modelo MSYM permite, entre outos parâmetros, reproduzir o nível do mar, que necessitam de ser validados. Para a validação do modelo, as previsões são comparadas com observados (disponíveis), sendo este o principal objetivo deste trabalho. Numa primeira parte, foi feita a validação do nível do mar para seis marégrafos do GLOSS incluídos na região do Mar do Sul da China e Estreitos da Malásia e Singapura. A comparação entre observações e previsões numéricas revelou um coeficiente de correlação superior a 0.95 (considerando todas as estações) e um RMSE centrado próximo dos 10 cm nas estações localizadas no Estreito da Malásia (utilizando o domínio de maior resolução horizontal) e de 15 – 20 cm na costa Este da Malásia. Por outro lado, a região é fortemente influenciada por monções de Nordeste (entre Novembro e Março) e de Sudoeste (entre Maio e Setembro) que, atuando sobre o Mar do Sul da China tendem a gerar anomalias positivas ou negativas da maré no Estreito de Singapura, respetivamente. Para estudar este fenómeno, foi analisado o nível do mar em Tanjong Pagar (no Estreito de Singapura), identificando-se anomalias do nível do mar positivas e negativas. São exemplos o dia 25 de Dezembro, associado a uma forte intensidade do vento de Nordeste (anomalia positiva) e o dia 7 de Fevereiro relacionado com uma variação da direção do vento (anomalia negativa). Ambas as anomalias são da ordem de 30 cm e as discrepâncias entre o nível do mar observado e simulados pelo MSYM correspondem principalmente à maré residual (meteorológica). Por fim, a análise da maré em duas estações localizadas no Estreito da Malásia revelou diferenças significativas entre dados observados e previsões numéricas em maré morta, que estão associadas essencialmente à reprodução da maré astronómica pelo modelo MSYM.
The South China Sea region, and the Malacca and Singapore Straits are known for the complex behavior of their tides, which are under the influence of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and are modified by the bathymetry and geography of the region. While the tide is semidiurnal in the Malacca Strait, in the Singapore Strait and the South China Sea the tides are mixed and diurnal. In spite of the region’s dynamic complexity, it is an economically important region, and its navigability needs to be assured. As such, Hidromod has developed a hydrodynamical numerical application for the Malacca Strait (the MSYM model) from the MOHID model. The MSYM model calculates, among other parameters, the sea level that needs to be validated. In order to validate the model, the predictions are compared with (available) observations, which is the main goal of this work. In a first part, a validation of the sea level for six GLOSS tide-gauges in the South China Sea region and the Straits of Malacca and Singapore was done. This analysis revealed a correlation coefficient between observations and predictions of over 0.95 (taking every station into account) and a RMSE centered around 10 cm in the stations in the Malacca Strait (using the domain with higher horizontal resolution), and of 15-20 cm in the East coast of Malacca. On the other hand, the region is deeply influenced by Northeast monsoons (between November and March) and by Southwest monsoons (between May and September). These act over the South China Sea and tend to induce positive or negative sea level anomalies in the Singapore Strait. In order to study this phenomenon, the sea level in Tanjong Pagar (in the Singapore Strait) was studied, and the positive and negative anomalies were identified. For example, the 25th of December is linked with a strong northeasterly wind (positive) while in the 7th of February with a shift in the wind direction there is a negative anomaly. Both anomalies are in the order of 30 cm and the differences between the observed and predictions sea levels are mainly due to the residual tide (meteorological). Finally, the tidal analysis in two stations located in the Malacca Strait has revealed significant differences between observed data and simulations, during neap tide, which are mostly associated with the reproduction of the astronomical tide by the MSYM model.
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Ma, Binbing. "The South China Sea thermohaline structure and circulation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA355514.
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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998."September 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Peter C. Chu. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-251). Also available online.
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McCann, Adam M. "Balance of risk in the South China Sea." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45901.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedChinese military and diplomatic actions in the South China Sea (SCS) are often seen as risky and provocative to other nations in the region that could lead to wider conflict. International relations scholars and China specialists debate the significance and causes of Chinese behavior in the SCS and the relationship of this peripheral territory to China’s place in the international system. This thesis attempts to contribute to the debate by evaluating whether Chinese behavior in the SCS may be explained by the balance-of-risk theory developed by Jeffrey W. Taliaferro in Balancing Risks: Great Power Intervention in the Periphery. This theory utilizes defensive realism and prospect theory to explain decisions by leaders to engage in risky military and diplomatic actions in peripheral region. In Balancing Risks, which was published in 2004, Taliaferro argues leaders refuse to accept losses to their relative power and will continue to pursue risk acceptant strategies in order to maintain a perceived or real status quo. The questions asked by this thesis are: does Chinese behavior follow the balance-of-risk hypotheses? If so, what are the implications of balance-of-risk theory for our understanding of Chinese actions in the SCS? And, what does the balance-of-risk tell us about policy response during crisis?
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Small, Page E. "China's naval modernization and implications for the South China Sea." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FSmall.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.Thesis advisor(s): H. Lyman Miller, Randall J. Hess. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75). Also available online.
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Durani, Luis A. "China and the South China Sea: The Emergence of the Huaqing Doctrine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64376.
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China and the South China Sea region will play an important role in global and US strategic policy for the foreseeable future. Because China is an upcoming global economic power, the US and other nations must become cognizant of China's motivations in the South China Sea in order to avoid conflict, which seems inevitable. The purpose of this thesis is to examine China's conflicts/tensions in the South China Sea, specifically the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Taiwan, ASEAN, and US Navy. Discussions on the evolution of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) will also provide additional insight to China's actions in the region. Understanding China's history, role, and claims in the region begins to paint a picture that the PLAN are operating under a principle very similar to the Monroe Doctrine, which allowed the US unfettered access to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Lastly, the thesis will demonstrate that the Chinese version of the Monroe Doctrine as well the country's desire to establish dominance in the South China Sea, which she sees as her "lost territory", is derived from the fear of an encirclement strategy implemented by the US and a nascent US-backed collective security regime, ASEAN.Master of Arts
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Amiruddin, Abd Muhaimin. "Sea-level changes over the last six decades in the South China Sea." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415492/.
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Spatial and temporal changes in mean and extreme sea levels and their forcing mechanisms have been examined over the last six decades in the South China Sea (SCS). A total of 53 tide gauge records and 22 years of satellite altimetry observations, along with oceanographic and meteorological datasets, have been used. The first objective examined changes in mean sea level trends. It was found that the subregion basin sea level trends from altimetry for the period 1993-2014 varied between 2.9 ± 0.8 mm/yr in the northern SCS and 6.2 ± 5.7 mm/yr in the Celebes Sea. In the northern SCS, the halosteric variation significantly contributes to the observed altimetry trends, which are up to 3 mm/yr. The separation of the local sea level trends into various contributors involves high uncertainties especially due to vertical land motion (~3 mm/yr). The second objective assessed changes in inter-annual mean sea level variability. The inter-annual sea level variability is larger in the Celebes Sea and accounts for up to 70% of the monthly sea level variability. Changes in steric and wind stress contribute to more than half of inter-annual sea level variability in the Malacca Strait and the eastern basin of the SCS. The inter-annual sea level variability in these regions is associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the monsoon. The third objective evaluated changes in the mean seasonal sea level cycle. It was found that the contribution of seasonal cycle is larger on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Thailand, accounting for up to 92% of monthly sea level variability. Wind forcing is dominant on the shelf areas of the SCS with the local winds showed annual amplitudes of up to 27 cm. In the deep basin regions and the shallow Malacca Strait, the steric component is the major contributor with the maximum annual amplitudes reaching 15 cm. Significant temporal variability of the annual and semi-annual harmonics is up to 63% and 45% of the maximum amplitude, 15 cm and 11 cm, respectively. The fourth objective explored changes in extreme sea level. Significant increases in extreme sea levels were observed at more than half of the stations analysed and were found to be mainly driven by changes in mean sea level. In the Malacca Strait, the inter-annual variability in extreme sea level is found to be associated with ENSO and the monsoon. Overall, this study provides improved understanding of changes in mean and extreme sea levels and their associate mechanisms that occurred over different timescales. Changes in these sea level components need to be taken into consideration for mean and extreme sea levels projections in this region.
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Darmosumarto, Santo. "The P.R.C. and piracy in the South China Sea." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40459.pdf.
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Ross, Dylan B., and Jimmy A. Harmon. "New Navy Fighting Machine in the South China Sea." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7408.
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Through the perspective of Hughes, Wayne P.' missile salvo equation, this research examined naval surface forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States (U.S.) in order to demonstrate how American surface combatants can defeat PRC anti-access area denial (A2AD) measures in the South China Sea (SCS). Hughes' equation reveals that advantages for American surface forces are obtained by increasing fleet numbers, counter-targeting (CT), and increased scouting. This thesis advocates fleet growth as articulated in Hughes' New Navy Fighting Machine (NNFM) study. Comparisons of the NNFM, the U.S. fleet, and the PRC fleet demonstrate both the disparity facing the American surface forces, and the near parity obtained in the NNFM. CT through unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), and naval obscurants provide American surface forces increased staying power and tactical advantage. Scouting and communications networking through a theater wide constellation of airships provide the American fleet with persistent situational awareness of the battle space, tactical communications with subsurface forces, and improved emissions control (EMCON) measures for surface forces. The distributive properties of the NNFM, combined with this study's CT and scouting findings, offer American surface combatants success over the PRC Navy in the SCS scenario.
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Yoshino, Harumi. "Factors influencing China's behaviour in the South China Sea." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5415.
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This research assesses China's likely future behaviour in relation to the South China Sea disputes, critically evaluating two prominent, related topics of discussion among the International Relations scholars since the late 1980s. One of these topics is theoretical: to what extent is the flourishing `liberal peace' argument in International Relations theory valid when applied to China's international behaviour, and towards the South China Sea disputes in particular'? The advocates of the 'liberal peace' argument have spent much energy attempting to prove the positive correlation between peace and such factors as democracy and economic interdependence using statistical models. In addition, one faction of the liberal school emphasises the effectiveness of institutions which supposedly impose constraints on a state through international rules and agreements. However, liberals' arguments fail to engage with some critical points. First of all, whether a state goes to war is not a matter of probability but a political decision. Secondly, the costs of sacrificing economic ties and violating internationally-agreed obligations surely affect a decision to go to war. However, if a state perceives that its vital national interests are at risk, such costs will have little influence on decision-making. In addition, liberals' argument ignores the importance of the political framework in which economic interdependence functions. Furthermore, liberals do not pay attention to the facts that institutions are usually established by the initiative of a hegemon and its supporters, and that the rules and norms of institutions generally reflect the distribution of power among their members. This dissertation illustrates the way in which realist thinking (involving consideration of survival, balance of power and relative gain) still forms the foundation for states' behaviour. The other topic relevant in this dissertation is empirical and concerns which of the conflicting opinions about China's future geopolitical orientation is more accurate: that China will become an assertive regional hegemon as her economy develops and her military is modernised, or that she will not obtain even regional hegemonic status for some decades to come due to her lack of economic and military power. The first view generally draws the conclusion that China should somehow be contained, while the second view concludes that other states need to engage China so that the latter can be tied into the international community. A major problem with arguments of this type is that China's likely behaviour tends to be predicted on the basis of research on specific issues. In particular, military factors, such as China's increasing defence budget, its vigorous purchase of advanced weapons particularly from Russia, and the PLA's weight in the government's decision-making, have been overemphasised. Although stronger military capabilities may provide a government with wider foreign policy options, states - including China - usually do not use force just because their military capabilities become stronger. Understanding the nature of states and the factors that drive states' behaviour is necessary in order to avoid extreme conclusions. This dissertation tries to integrate the existing empirical studies and theoretical assumptions in International Relations theory. The reason for focusing on the South China Sea is that this case is important in the sense that the disputes there are not just territorial conflicts involving China and other claimants. The South China Sea disputes involve many factors such as fisheries, energy, and extra-regional powers' strategic and economic interests, besides the overlapping territorial sovereign claims. In addition, economic interdependence between China and regional states has deepened since the 1990s, and the region has international institutions such as APEC and the ARF where economic and security issues, respectively, are I Introduction discussed. The last two factors make this case particularly suitable for the application of IR theory. This dissertation will demonstrate that geopolitical considerations are dominant not only in China's decision-making but also in the ASEAN states' attitudes towards China and the disputes themselves.
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Wang, Lei. "Study of tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202008%20WANG.
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Zhang, Haoyi. "National innovation system : South Africa and China compared." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19954.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of National Innovation System (NIS) as new conceptual framework appeared in the late 1980s. The framework of NIS not only focuses on the science and technology development of a country, but also on concerns about a nation’s demand and strategy. The best technology, as well as patents, can be found in developed countries. Their development leads world development in many ways and influences the development model in developing countries. Although it is not hard to see that they seem to be progressing well, the question is why development just happens in some countries. Even fast developing countries, like China, India, Brazil, and South Africa have fewer such well-known or successful business models, compared to developed countries. The thesis attempts to scrutinise the internal and external factors in NIS which may influence countries and the innovation of enterprises within South Africa and China. The thesis focuses on fundamental research of the NIS of South Africa and China. The objective of the thesis is to find out which factors are involved in the NIS and how the system works in South Africa and China. The purpose of the study is to ascertain the difference and gap between these two countries and other more innovative countries, as well as the differences between South Africa and China. The literature study and quantitative method will be used to research and compare the NIS of South Africa and China.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsep van Nasionale Innovasie Stelsels (NIS) as ʼn nuwe konsepsionele raamwerk het in die laat 1980s na vore gekom. Die raamwerk van NIS het beide op die wetenskap en tegnologiese ontwikkeling, asook nasionale strategie van ʼn land gefokus. Die beste tegnologie sowel as patentregte kan in ontwikkelde lande gevind word. Hul bydrae is aan die voor front van globale ontwikkeling en het ʼn direkte invloed op ontwikkelingsmodelle vir ander ontwikkelende lande. Die voorspoed in hierdie lande is vir almal duidelik, maar die vraag is waarom ontwikkeling slegs plaasvind in sommige lande. Lande soos China, Indië, Brasilië en Suid Afrika het minder goeie en suksesvolle besigheidsmodelle, in vergelyking met ontwikkelde lande, alhoewel ontwikkeling steeds vinnig plaasvind. Die tesis poog om interne en eksterne faktore van die NIS te ontleed wat sal bydra tot die innovasie van ondernemingsontwikkeling in Suid Afrika en China. Die tesis fokus op fundamentele navorsing op die NIS van Suid Afrika en China. Die doel van die tesis is om uit te vind watter faktore die NIS in beide Suid Afrika en China beïnvloed. Die besondere oogmerk van die studie is om verskille en gapings tussen die twee lande en ander innovasie georiënteerde lande te beklemtoon, asook die verskil tussen Suid Afrika en China. Die literatuurstudie en kwantitatiewe metode word geïmplementeer om die NIS in Suid Afrika en China te ondersoek en vergelyk.
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Wu, Mong-sin, and 胡夢茜. "An examination and application of two geochemical proxies for environmental and climate reconstructions in northern South China Sea." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50162809.
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Two biomarkers, n-alkanes and alkenones, have been studied for the distribution of their relative concentrations spatially and temporally in sediments in the Pearl River Estuary. 59 modern sediments have been collected across the Pearl River Estuary and offshore Hong Kong, covering a wide range of environmental and sedimentary conditions. The relative abundances between long-chain (C27 to C33) terrestrial-derived n-alkanes, and short-chain (C18 to C22) n-alkanes which are ascribed to marine algal and bacterial production, have been analyzed as “terrestrial-to-marine n-alkane ratios”. Results show that this ratio follows a general gradient of increasing towards uplands. More detailed interpretation has revealed that this ratio is highly dependent on the proximity of the sampling site to the supply of terrestrial matters, i.e., to river mouths and lands. This finding provides fundamentals on the development of terrestrial-to-marine n-alkane ratio as a potential new proxy for terrestrial sediment flux.
The newly developed potential environmental and climate proxy, the relative abundances of n-alkane compounds, is applied on analysis of a sediment core drilled in coastal marine environment offshore Hong Kong, HKUV11, which can be dated back to c. 11,000 yr BP. Alkenone unsaturation ratios are also analyzed to reconstruct post-Younger Dryas change in sea surface temperature (SST). Records show a rapid warming of the ocean surface at the start of the Holocene epoch from c. 11,000 yr BP to c. 9000 yr BP, during when the SST researched its optimum, followed by a long period of more stabilized temperatures with the presence of some short-term cold events. The terrestrial-to-marine n-alkane ratio matches well not only with the alkenone SST data in this study, but also with the bulk organic carbon geochemical data and grain size analysis of HKUV11. This suggest that the n-alkane ratio is a reliable proxy for terrestrial sediment supply in this coastal and estuarine environment, as supported by both the field studies of its natural distribution across the environmental gradient, and the successful application on an actual sediment core.
The Holocene climate variability of coastal south China recovered by the HKUV11 sediment record has been compared with δ18O records from a Dongge Cave stalagmite, a Greenland ice core and the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation variability. Results show that late-Glacial to Holocene climate in coastal South China generally agrees with the trend in the distal high-latitude North Atlantic, suggesting a strong external driving force of global climate change by the NH summer insolation variability. A detailed comparison between the HKUV11 SST record and Dongge Cave Asian monsoon record reveals that the temperature in coastal south China is sensitively correlated to the strength of Asian monsoon. These results have important implications to how monsoonal winds and temperature are coupled together, and can provide insights to how they may interact under future climate change in this densely-populated region.published_or_final_version
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Ho, Ho San. "Vorticity and vorticity balance in the South China Sea circulation /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202007%20HO.
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McKeon, Brian D. "Climate analysis of evaporation ducts in the South China Sea." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38983.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Evaporation ducts have important implications for U.S. Naval activities involving electromagnetic propagation. The presence of an evaporation duct can affect naval operations involving communications, surveillance, electronic warfare, and detection of low-flying missiles, surface ships, or submarine periscopes. We conducted a climate scale analysis of evaporation duct heights (EDH) in the northern South China Sea (SCS), including how EDH varies throughout the year, how environmental variables affect EDH differently in each season, and how regional and global-scale climate variations are related to EDH. We identified climate variations that may enable skillful long-range forecasts of EDH at lead times of up to three months using anomalies in sea surface temperature, geopotential height, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) as potential predictors. SCS EDH showed significant correlations with several climate variation indices, including the Multivariable El Nino Southern Oscillation Index, Nino 4, and the Summer Asian Monsoon OLR Indices. Improved understanding and skillful predictions of seasonal and climate scale variations in EDH will aid in operational planning in locations for which real-time observations are sparse, and for interseasonal to seasonal lead times for which existing predictions are presently very limited. Knowledge of EDH in the SCS may become critically important given the increasing significance of the eastern and southeastern Asian area, and particularly for operations involving protection of high-value units and anti-submarine warfare.
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Guo, Chuncheng. "Investigation of baroclinic tides in the northern South China Sea." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1500.
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Baroclinic tides result from the interaction of barotropic tides with topography in stratified oceans. They play an important role in driving deep ocean mixing. In this research, investigations of the dynamics of baroclinic tides and internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) are conducted, mainly by means of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). Firstly, simulations of internal wave generation at the Luzon Strait (LS) are carried out. By conducting three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution experiments, it was found that the generated wave field features a multi-modal structure: large, pronounced ISWs of first mode (amplitude ~120 m) and second mode (amplitude ~120 m) were reproduced. The two north-south aligned ridges in the LS contribute together to the generation of the second mode ISWs, whereas the easternmost ridge of the two is responsible for the first mode ISWs. It was found that multiple generation mechanisms of internal waves could occur in this region, and overall it belongs to a mixed lee wave regime. A specific type of short internal waves arose during the 3D simulation. These ride on a second mode ISW with similar phase speed, trailing a first mode ISW. The short waves possess wavelengths of ~1.5 km and amplitudes of ~20 m, and only show up in the upper layer up to a depth of ~500 m. Scrutiny of the generation process showed that these short waves appear in two distinct regions and are produced due to two mechanisms, namely, the disintegration of an inclined baroclinic bore near the LS, and the overtaking of a second mode ISW in the deep water by a faster first mode ISW. Robust evidence has been sought from satellite imagery and by solving the theoretical Taylor-Goldstein Equation to verify their existence. The effects of superposition of multiple tidal harmonics (diurnal and semidiurnal) on the resultant ISW generation were investigated. It was first found that, by analyzing historical observational data, the occurrence of ISWs in the far-field always follow strong semidiurnal barotropic tidal peaks in the LS, regardless of whether it is the maximum for the diurnal or total tidal strength. However, modelling results of MITgcm and a linear internal tide generation model demonstrate that the diurnal tidal harmonics modulate the arrival time and amplitude of the propagating ISWs. Specifically, it leads to the emergence of the so-called A and B type ISWs and an alternation and transition between the two. Secondly, the shoaling process of ISWs in the northern SCS slope-shelf area is investigated. A series of two-dimensional (2D) experiments are set up to study the shoaling of a large-amplitude second mode concave ISW over a linear slope that resembles the SCS slope. Modelling results show that a strong transformation of the wave profile starts to take place when the wave is approaching the shelf break. A convex type wave is born at the trailing edge of the incident wave and gradually disintegrates into a group of ISWs due to the steepening of the rear wave profile. The frontal face of the wave gets flatter when travelling on the slope, but forms a steep structure right above the shelf break. However, this steep structure shows no tendency to evolve into an ISW: instead, it gets increasingly flat again while evolving on the shelf. The trailing convex wave packet travels faster and merges with the frontal concave wave. Finally, a wave packet with rank-ordered convex ISWs moves forward steadily on the shelf. Energy transfer to the ambient modes is evident, as both first mode and higher modes are clearly seen during and after the shoaling process. First mode ISW evolution is studied too by performing 3D, high-resolution experiments over the wide northern SCS slope and shelf area. It was found that the wave profiles change drastically near the shelf break and the Dongsha Atoll. In agreement with satellite imagery, the wavefront of the leading ISW becomes more spatially oblique with respect to its original orientation as it progresses westward due to the inclination of the slope in the topography. Wave disintegration is prominent in the shallow water zone, and wave polarity reverses near the turning point (at the 130 m isobath), which is consistent with the predictions of weakly nonlinear theory. A series of 2D experiments were set up to inspect the effects of rotation on the shoaling ISW. The results indicate that under the rotation, upon reaching the continental shelf, one shoaling ISW could disintegrate into one ISW packet and one secondary solibore that contains a number of rank-ordered waves with much shorter wavelength than an ISW. The secondary solibore is very pronounced in the northern portion of the northern SCS slope and shelf, but could hardly be discerned in the southern portion, which is consistent with the outcome of 3D simulations.
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Zhang, Zhongfeng. "Study of South China Sea typhoons between 1999 and 2002 /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202003%20ZHANGZ.
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Jackson, John Wesley. "China in the South China Sea: genuine multilateralism or a wolf in sheep's clothing? /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FJackson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Secutiry Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): H. Lyman Miller, Christopher P. Twomey. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87). Also available online.
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Wang, Tung-Sheng, and 王同生. "Studies on Hu Jintao’s South China Sea Strategy (2002-2012)—A National Security Strategy Perspective." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v9usaj.
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碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
102
Title of Thesis：Studies on Hu Jintao’s South China Sea Strategy (2002-2012)— A National Security Strategy Perspective Pages :128 Key Words：National Security, Chinese Foreign Policy, South China Sea disputes, Relationship between China and ASEAN Name of Institute：Graduate Institute of International Affairs and Strategic Studies, Tamkang University Graduate Date：June, 2014 Degree Conferred：M.A.(Master of Arts） Name of Student：Wang, Tung-Sheng Advisor：Dr. Shih, Cheng-Chuan （王同生） （施正權 博士） Abstract： In this study, the author will explore the China’s South China Sea and analyze it from the viewpoint of national security strategy. Under the China’s South China Sea strategy, with fast economic growth and China’s rising, the Chinese foreign policy within the region has been changed in economic and military affairs. Despite of increasing territorial disputes among the other claimants within the region, China’s good-neighbor-policy has been held since 2002. The South China Sea strategy has been gradually formed during the Hu Jintao administration. Under the strategy, China’s military strategy has been transformed from defensive into offensive form. This change shows that China has a strong intention to be a leading power in the Asia Pacific. Originally, the obscure disputes and conflict in the Cold War, however, tensions escalated among claimants and related powers in the post-Cold War era over there, the China’s South China Sea Strategy has been gradually changed. For the sake of mineral resources and safe shipping routes, strategic rebalance toward the Asia-Pacific, the United States and the other related powers are very concerned about that. With China’s rising, the strong will in maintaining the sovereign within the region, China’s South Sea strategy will be fundamentally in pursuit of national interest and security. China’s South Sea strategy with a national security strategy perspective will be more clearly analyzed.
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于宜宏. "The Investigation on The Territorial Disputes in The South China Sea: The Impact on The National Security of Republic of China (Taiwan)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z23v78.
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碩士國立政治大學
國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班
104
The South China Sea is one of the primary corridor for the Asia-Pacific region to the world. It is also the second most used sea lane in the world while the volume of transportation is one third of total world volume; over 50% of supertankers in the world passes through this area to mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea every year. Furthermore, the South China Sea is also the dominant channel for the East Asian countries to transport the commodities and materials of energy. Currently, 85% of transportation of petroleum exported to China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea indispensably passes through this area; 90% of commodities imported to the United States of America from the East Asian countries also pass through this lane for the delivery to the North America area. Obviously, the South China Sea is not only significant to Taiwan, but regional countries of this area, even worldwide nations. The territorial disputes in the South China Sea is an extremely complicated issue and this issue involves the dominances of history, politics, economics and laws. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is subject to specify the maritime jurisdiction and sovereignty of coastal states. Nevertheless, some of the articles are still ambiguous and cause the issues on the maritime boundary, and such issues on conflict of sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands and the affiliated resources involve China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and Philippine. Therefore, the issues on the South China Sea will not be only on the territorial disputes; but the disputes and conflict of determination of islands and reefs, and maritime boundary will be the principal cause of disputes and affect the maritime rights and interests on regional countries. Currently, what the dilemma of Taiwan is the diplomatic balance among the United States, Japan, ASEAN, and China. If the Cross-Strait relations is intimate, this will cause the misperceptions and distrust on the issues of disputes in South China Sea from the United States, Japan and ASEAN, and worsen diplomatic and trade relations with these countries. Alternatively, the Cross-Strait relations will be worse if Taiwan aligns the relations more closely with the United States, Japan, and ASEAN, the Cross-Strait Relations will deteriorate, and China will suppress the participation in the international community of Taiwan, therefore, Taiwan may confront the risk of economics and national security. Nowadays, the newly appointed government officials deliberately alienate themselves or exclude from China in foreign relations and trade policy, and such intention implies the officials would alter or eliminate the policy “Remain a peaceful situation with China, establish a friendly relationship with Japan, and strengthen a close cooperation with the United States”. That would evolve the far-reaching effects for the future of developments in Taiwan.
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Lu, Shao-Chi, and 呂紹麒. "The Evolvement Of The China National Security Policy- The Case Studies Of The South And East China Seas." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71239559051612049657.
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碩士國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系
101
Since the end of Cold War, most of the scholars view Defensive Realism as a fundamental frame to interpret the China National Security Strategy. This thesis also holds the same point of view. However, since the world-stunning event of 911 in 2001 has changed the international relations, and the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 has severely devastated the U.S economy, the world power structure has changed. Under this new circumstance, China has gradually been adjusting its security policies and strategies. Therefore, this study suggests that under the frame of Structural Realism, the explanation based on Defensive Realism to the China National Security Strategy be reconsidered. This study suggests the event of 911 has not only made the global war on terror the priority target of the U.S national security, but also forced the U.S to make some changes on its global strategy, which consequently altered the world power structure; the relation among U.S and the countries in Asia has been strengthened because of the wars on terror. This indirectly led to the military isolation against China, and left China no choice but making adjustment on its national security strategy and the political announcement on this issue. According to the response of China, it can be analyzed that China has been constantly switching its defensive security strategy to offensive security strategy, which is the response to the U.S newly- adjusted global strategy. Hence, this thesis suggests taking the theory of Structure Realism as an effective explanation for the changes China has made on its national security strategy. Furthermore, take the South China Sea and the East China Sea as the examples, it can be proved by the following three examining indicators, maintaining the status quo, deterrence strategy, and costly signal, that the China national strategy has been switched from defense to offense after the event of 911 and the financial crisis in 2008.
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Chang, Jung-Wen, and 張榮文. "The impact of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Chinese sovereignty claim of South China Sea." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2k6e2m.
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碩士國防大學政治作戰學院
政治研究所
100
The approval and validation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) may have resolved the regulation with Maritime Delimitation and the development of marine resources for the international community. Yet, the subject at the South China Sea still hasn’t been resolved even after the establishment of the mechanism. From the initial reef sovereignty controversy turning into a maritime delimitation conflict, the disputation had already led to a greater debate. The main cause is that South China Sea has long been coveted by other countries for its rich natural resources and the critical sea route for military purposes. Therefore, claimants used the provision to declare the right of developing the South China Sea and made the controversy even more complex. This results in People’s Republic of China’s South China Sea claim of sovereignty being challenged and put at unfavorable position. Today, South China Sea is an important sea route for international trade. Claimants have already occupied and constructed Spratly Islands for many years. On the other hand, PRC, along with advancing national power, is paying close attention to the South China Sea and toughening the sovereignty position of South China Sea. In short, the increasing complexity of South China Sea issue and the rise of the PRC’s national power may induce conflict at anytime, thus the regional stability will be affected. Therefore, this article will explore through UNCLOS and summarize the characteristic and actual practice in each period of PRC, and how UNCLOS would affect on its sovereignty claim over South China Sea. Further, will also explore how PRC, under exchange influence of national interest and international regime, would cope and respond.
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Tseng, Hui-yu, and 曾惠瑜. "Taiwan''s Role in America''s "Return to Asia" Strategy in the Conflicts between Nations among the South China Sea." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02597770693244104977.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
應用外語系碩士班
101
In 2009, the United States announced a high-profile return to Asia, indicating its shift of focus from the Middle East to Asia. The “Return to Asia” strategy revealed the United States’ concern on China’s growing regional power in the Asia-Pacific region. Since the 1970’s there have been rising maritime conflicts between China and Southeast Asian nations for sovereign right over the major archipelagos and the islets in the South China Sea. Taiwan, as an island situating in the South China Sea, claimed full ownership over the sea area and the islands. The “Return to Asia” strategy has complicated the South China Sea dispute following the United States’ stronger economic and military ties with regional nations. Under the ruling of President, Ma Yinjiou, Taiwan has established a closer economic tie with China. In the “Return to Asia” strategy, Taiwan was used to restrain China’s growing regional power. Therefore, to escalate Taiwan’s international position, it should try to establish a friendly U.S.-P.R.C-R.O.C relation, and at the same time explore more economic opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region. This study adopted the methodology of “document analysis.” The study procedures followed the framework of “grounded theory” for providing foreign policies toward establishment of a friendly U.S.-P.R.C-R.O.C relation and a peaceful settlement the South China Sea dispute.
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Khoo, How San. "Asean, China and the South China Sea." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145274.
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Yeh, Chou-Lun, and 葉州倫. "Philippines'' South China Sea Policy." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66931854461723839731.
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碩士淡江大學
東南亞研究所碩士班
96
The prices of Oil have risen up in recent years. Non-renewable energy resources are gradually depleted. The desire of the world exploration for new oil sources increase. Since the 1970s, South China Sea region have been mining, oil-rich, the Philippines, marine Southeast Asian countries, is the nearest country from Taiwan. There is the close interaction between these two countries. Every decision that The Philippines makes will impact on the interests of Taiwan. This paper focuses on three aspects: Philippines’ expansion in the Spratly Island, oil and fishery resources development, and security and military deployment in the South China Sea. Under the 1898 Treaty between Spain and United States, the Spratly Islands are not included in the Philippine territory. Through presidential decree, Spratly became their territory in 1978, and was changed its name to "Kalayaan Islands." The Philippines has coveted the Spratly Islands, the main reason for oil and gas production, where the Philippines began the exploration in the region from the 1970s. The Philippines with other Southeast Asian countries in South China Sea, in order to protect its natural resources, prohibit the development of outsiders and seek military protection. In recent years, the modernization of Philippine Navy, the acquisition of a number of ships, is patrolling the coastal zone. These ships are mainly deployed in the South China Sea region to prevent the invasion of outsiders. Also, the Philippines build on the island airport maintenance, and strengthen the Air Force in a sea patrols. This paper provides the latest data of Philippine fisheries and oil resources, and the latest situation in the South China Sea, hoping to provide the comparison example to Taiwan, which is also a marine country.
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Tsau, Yi-Kai, and 曹益愷. "China’s South China Sea Policy." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44964200283937237036.
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碩士國立中山大學
中國與亞太區域研究所
99
Abstract South China Sea depute is a complex issue in the world, because it involves the island''s sovereignty, rich nature resources and strategic advantage in this area. The states which involve in South China Sea dispute are Taiwan, China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei as well as the United States and Japan. Why South China Sea depute is so complex? in addition to the strategic location, it’s also the major shipping channel in the world. But the key reason is the potential wealth of oil and gas just be discovered, the neighbor countries started to covet the nature resource, and lead to competition for the sovereignty of South China Sea. Furthermore, 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also produced another trend of maritime delimitation in this area. China believes that the sovereignty of the South China Sea belongs to it, based on historical or legal status. China shows its ambition and intention toward claiming sovereignty in the South China Sea because of its strategic needs, demands for resources needed for economic growth and development, that’s why China is so persistence in reinforcing its sovereignty. China’s current national consensus on the South China Sea is "shelving the disputes and seeking for common development". Sovereignty over the South China Sea is to shelve the case, in order to develop peaceful negotiations. But in the process of negotiation, some countries demonstrate the attitude of willingness to negotiate; and others are continuing to build military facilities in the South China Sea islands. This study is mainly focus on policy research for the South China Sea, and expects for experts and author himself giving us the following answers: First, we have to notice the Chinese sea interests, and observe how China deals with the South China Sea policy. Second, what are the views of the U.S. and Japan on the disputes. Third, this study will suggest How Taiwan can use China’s strategy on South China sea to gain its national interest. Key words： South China Sea, Sovereignty dispute, National interests, Joint development
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Lee, Tsu-Kuang, and 李祖光. "South China Sea Sovereignty Disputes and the Republic of China’s Strategy for South China Sea." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74555057265087178080.
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碩士國防大學
戰略研究所
102
Geostrategic value and abundant natural resources have made South China Sea a focal point for international competition. Claimants took unilateral actions without any consultation to compete sovereignty claim in this water area. They tried to rationalize their exploitation and control water areas with the respectively strong military capability. This situation has escalated self-motivated competitions between surrounding countries and triggered a more chaotic development in this region than before. This study focuses on current status of South China Sea and its dynamics under the international system, so as to further understanding of South China Sea sovereignty disputes and the Republic of China’s South China Sea strategy. By examining systemic structure, balance of power and power transition, this paper first reviews the origin of disputes; strategies and associated variables for claimants. Then, the study reviews a couple of cases from military and peaceful means. Finally, how stakeholders measure their advantageous strategic thinking for South China Sea sovereignty disputes under international political developments is comprehensively be answered in the research.
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CHEN, CHONG-DE, and 陳崇德. "South China Sea Territorial Issues and Comparison of Cross-Strait Policy of South China Sea." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73526491559466967092.
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碩士銘傳大學
社會與安全管理學系兩岸關係與安全管理碩士在職專班
104
South China Sea Islands, found in the Han-Tang Dynasty, is the place which fishermen seek a livelihood and shelter. However through dynasty change, China starts to bring it into domain, set provinces and send troops. Hence, it implies that people lived in South China Sea Islands from the past. After the WWII, Japan returned the occupied land to ROC (including the South China Sea Islands), leading ROC and PRC considering that each owned its sovereignty. Meanwhile, ROC’s Ministry of Interior mapped the 11-fraction line in 1947, claiming that it owned the territory, and the U-shaped line; Mainland China changed from 11-fraction line to 9-fraction line in 1953, which makes the issue of the South China Sea Islands’ sovereignty became complicated. In fact, the reason why countries near the South China Sea Islands (ROC, PRC, Philippines, and so forth) have so many conflicts on the issue is due to the fact that United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea just regulates the territory, but it does not define the marine space ownership, so nowadays problems appear constantly. Another reason is that there are abundant seafood supplies in the region, and also by broadening its own territory, countries can get various kinds of natural resources (fuel, gas, and so forth). Therefore, each of countries quotes the International Law to announce arbitration on Permanent Court of Arbitration, expecting itself to gain the actual sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands. Besides, our government should reinforce the sovereignty of South China Sea, increase it's visibility on the international and legislate for territorial sea. At the same time, we need to submit our best decision and insist our claims on U-Shaped Line, which is the most important mission of our government.
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Yen-Chih, Liu, and 劉彥芝. "A Study of South China Sea Sovereignty dispute between China-Philippines：The South China Sea Arbitration as an example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cjjmeq.
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碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
107
Since 2013,China has continuously controlled land reclamation in the South China Sea, strengthened military construction, and completed civil and military aviation flight tests. Although the results of the July 2009 Hague International Permanent Court of Arbitration found that China violated Philippine sovereignty, but China would not back down and kept its stand. China military even continues to strengthen construction in the South China Sea including the installation of anti-ship and air to air missiles on 3 reefs. China seems to adopt a policy of softening for the ASEAN countries, trying to mend friendly relations with the countries around the South China Sea, but on the issue of principle, they still do not want to make concessions. China and Philippines also promoted the repair of the two countries after the outcome of the arbitration case was released, they even sign an agreement to jointly develop oil and gas in the South China Sea, but the Philippines still would not back down on the main issue in South China Sea. Although the United States is not a sovereign claimant of the South China Sea, it still advocates freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. The intention is to prevent coastal countries from over-marriage and challenge their maritime hegemony to ensure that their military could hold power around the world. China''s intensified construction on the South Island reef naturally caused US dissatisfaction in this case. China''s international moral image is still difficult for Southeast Asian countries to accept it as a regional leader, therefore South East Asia countries are hoping that the United States can maintain a certain strategic position and continue to carry out its mission of freedom of navigation to prevent China from achieving long-term and widespread summer in the South China Sea. However, as China’s diplomatic bargaining chips accumulate, the current situation in the region will face more Big challenge. In result, this article will explore the strategic background of the South China Sea dispute from the complicated issues of various countries, and help to understand how China formulates the South China Sea policy. Secondly, the Philippines will be separated to analyze the origin of the dispute between the Philippines and China in the South China Sea, and how to survive in the gap between the US and China. Finally, the discussion of influence between China and Philippines after the case of South China Sea arbitration
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Kaňková, Michaela. "UNCLOS a role Spojených států amerických v Jihočínském moři." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405737.
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This Master's thesis is focusing on why the United States of America never ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is analysing the prevailing arguments which were used in 1982, which led to President Ronald Reagan never ratifying the Convention. As well as why the same thing happened in 1994 when the United Nations agreed on an Update to the Convention. Then the thesis is focusing on crucial parts of the Convention, which are part of the arguments for or against the ratification of the Convention, as well as those which have a great influence on the American approach to the high seas. Furthermore, this thesis is trying to offer a current insight into the problematic of why the United States still did not ratify the Convention, despite the fact that they used the Convention as an explanation why they patron the high seas as well as the right of innocent passage. At the same time, the findings are then looked at from the perspective of the South China Sea, which is a region the United States monitor. This last part is attempting to do several things. First, it is explaining the issue of the South China Sea and the interest of the United States in it. Then it is looking at the way by which the United States try to promote their interests in the region on how the fact them...
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王宏鈞. "South China Sea sovereignty dispute : A Case Study of the strategic South China Sea to Vietnam." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xw2c7h.
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Lin, Ming-Hui, and 林銘煇. "South China Sea Dispute between China and ASEAN coutries - A case study of the South China Sea Code of Conduct." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6egn34.
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碩士國立政治大學
國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班
107
South China Sea lies between Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean,except for its geological strategy position;it is also the most important navigation way connect East Asia,Africa and Europe.After the establishment of 1982《United Nations Convention on the Law of the sea》,the countries nearby has been claiming the right of territorial sea,contiguous zone,exclusive exclusive economic zone and reef,which turns South China Sea into an overlapping area,On one hand,China has been constructing its territory with military methods which cause chaos and instability.On the other hand,other courtries had also stared to get involved to affairs of South China Sea,due to the recognition of the freedom of navigation and overflight,there is no way that one country can dominate South China Sea. After Cold War’s end,Association of Southeast Asian Nation（ASEAN）has been focus on solving the problems of South China Sea dispute with peaceful method;establish《South China Sea Code of Conduct》（COC）.From 1992《Declaration on the South China Sea》,2002《Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in South China Sea》（DOC）,2017 COC framework and other index to 2018 single draft negotiation of COC,ASEAN has been working on setting up COC for more than 30 years.Although the factors of USA and other countries’ intervene and the relation between ASEAN and China has caused the period become lengthy and instability,the problem on South China Sea can also provide a clue that would be benefit to the future development on the negotiation.
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劉先舉. "The South China Sea Policy Research from The Dispute Between P.R.C. and Vietnam in the South China Sea." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24295189338368998044.
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CHEN, HONG-YU, and 陳宏瑜. "Vertical distribution of cadmium in the Philippine Sea, the South China Sea and the East China Sea." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16909140786688870649.
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Yeh, Yi-Ching, and 葉一慶. "Tectonics of the northern South China Sea." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dq8f53.
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博士國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
94
The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the marginal sea basins in the western Pacific area. The SCS is bounded by Eurasia continental crust in west, south and Manila Trench in east. In past two decade, several models were tried to describe the tectonic and its evolution of the SCS. Tapponnier et al (1986) proposed so-called “collision-escape” model to demonstrate the possible process of the opening of the SCS. Briais et al (1993) re-compiled then analyzed the magnetic data collected by Mainland China and the result shows the SCS probably started spreading at 30.1 Ma ago (magnetic lineation C11) and stopped spreading at 16.7 Ma ago (magnetic lineation C5c) including three time spreading direction change. Whatever the model mentioned previous, is not given a comprehensive tectonic of view further 19 °N in latitude. The crust further 19 °N in latitude is few study and probably belongs to oceanic domain. What role of the tectonic this part play in the whole SCS evolution history and relationship to the Taiwan orogen ? This thesis is tried to answer that. The past collected and resent collected marine and land bathymetry, multichannel seismic, gravity and magnetic data were combined to analyze in this study. The newly compiled magnetic anomaly map is from 116° E ~ 123°E and 16°N ~ 26.5°N that shows several E-W trending magnetic lineations which implied the existence of the oceanic crust. The magnetic dating result was showed the existence of the older oceanic crust in the northern SCS that is 37 Ma (magnetic lineation C17) and carried 44 mm/yr half spreading rate in the older spreading stage. Based on the forward gravity model across the northern SCS margin with magnetic inversion result, the continent and ocean boundary is probably dropped at the highly crustal deformation and relative low magnetization area. Furthermore, the Luzon-Ryuku Transform Boundary (LRTPB) probably is the tectonic boundary that revealed different acoustic basement relief from 3.5 km ~ 4km depth in south to 4.5 km ~ 6.5 km depth in north. The forward gravity model also shows the thinned crust distributed beneath LRTPB and the upper crust is also performed highly shearing deformation accurrence close to basement. Therefore, LRTPB probably is a northern boundary of the oceanic crust of SCS. Besides, the part of C11~C17 oceanic crust could be prolongated southwestern ward and linked to the central part of the SCS. In the early spreading stage, the spreading direction was changed from NW-SE to N-S between 27.9 Ma to 28.7 Ma (magnetic lineation C9~C10) that corresponded with the tectonic event T1. Otherwise, at 17.6 Ma (magnetic lineation C5d), the LRTPB was ceased but active subduction still occurred at north that probably resulted in the compressed the sedimentary layers in south of the LRTPB. That probably is linked to the development with the tectonic event T2. Finally, the inversion of the magnetic anomaly is showed the relative high magnetization belt distributed along the northern SCS margin that extended to southern Taiwan. Combined with multichannel seismic and well log analysis, the late Paleocene to mid-Eocene basaltic type eruption is probably related to the high magnetization and the seafloor spreading of the SCS. Besides, the distribution of the great earthquakes in Taiwan area is probably controlled by the distribution of the magnetized crust. I put over magnitude earthquakes (including historic earthquakes before 1990) on the magnetization map. The result is shown the good correlation between earthquake occurrence and low magnetization area in west Taiwan area. Most of earthquakes was distributed along the boundary of the high magnetization area called Lukang high (LHM). The collision stress probably released along the LHM and resulting lots of earthquakes.
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Chou, Chesheng, and 周哲生. "Philippines South China Sea Policy: 1995-2012." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2mpqb3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
政治學系
101
The Philippines' South China Sea policy has a significant change after the incident of Mischief Reefs, reflecting on different aspects: the Philippines' defense, foreign and economic policy. For the defense policy, the Philippines has started an active military modernization program. As for the foreign policy, the Philippines is trying to coordinate the Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）with one voice to internationalize the South China Sea dispute and force China to reach a Code of Conduct with ASEAN under international pressure. Furthermore, the Philippines also makes a great effort on gathering regional great power like the Unite States, Japan and Australia into the South China Sea region, for balancing the power of China. For the economic policy, the Philippines and China had a bilateral agreement on the Seismic Undertaking for Certain Areas in the South China Sea in 2004. The thesis focuses on the Philippines' South China Sea actions from the incident of Mischief Reef in 1995 to Scarborough Shoal standoff in 2012. Through understanding the Philippines' policy against China, the United States, ASEAN and the Philippines' domestic policy, recognizing the look of the Philippines' South China Sea policy. Taiwan, one of the countries which claims the sovereignty on the depute area, should understand the Philippines' South China Sea policy to help develop the better plan for itself. For Taiwan, the Philippines' bilateral cooperation with China and RP-China bilateral code of conduct on South China Sea can also be taken as important examples in Taiwan's bilateral cooperation with China.
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Lien, Chia-Hui, and 連佳慧. "Policy of Malaysia Towards South China Sea." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03352620146760531911.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
亞洲研究所碩士班
102
The South China Sea (SCS) is rich in natural resources deposits, and geographically important as an international shipping lane, therefore it has been a disputed area among international great powers. Nowadays, due to the increasing national strength of Southeast Asian Nations, the well performed exploitation of oil and gas resources, the SCS claimant states’ doubt on China’s rise, and the interference of extra regional great powers, the disputes over the SCS region are growing white-hot. Among the claimant state’s, Malaysia keeps lower profile than Philippine or Vietnam to maintain its national profit maximization as priority and to show its active coopetition aspect; this study tries to focus on the following contents of Malaysia’s policies: marine policy, the situation of occupying and operating on the islands and reefs of SCS, and the position toward the disputes of SCS. Based on the above facts, we can summarize the current SCS policy and the possible countermeasure that Malaysia will take.
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Roberts, Jacob, and 羅京. "U.S. South China Sea Policy (2001-2016)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dg63xe.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
105
As the South China Sea conflict continues to escalate tensions between China, the United States and other South East Asian nations, it is increasingly important to grasp America’s evolving South China Sea policy and role as a guarantor of stability in the Pacific Rim. While the United States is not a claimant in the South China Sea dispute, it is a pacific power with key economic and security interests in both the South China Sea and the surrounding region. Given America’s historic role in maintaining peace and stability in the region, it is not only appropriate, but increasingly necessary for the United States to stand up for core interests including the right to freedom of navigation, commitment to peaceful resolution of disputes and general preservation of international norms. These interests have not only benefitted all Pacific nations’ development, but also facilitated political stability and a general state of peace and prosperity. Over the last two decades, America’s foreign policy and general strategy in the South China Sea have experienced some subtle changes, but, at its core, the guiding principles and policy objectives have remained a constant. America continues to protect freedom of navigation, promote peace and stability, and deter China from using its economic or military might to threaten or cajole neighboring countries into foregoing a multi-lateral, peaceful resolution of territorial disputes. These core interests have and will continue to be promoted by US foreign policy in the region, regardless of who serves the office of the presidency. Despite the appearance of radical change in America’s policy towards the South China Sea, there have been very few concrete deviations in US South China Sea policy in the past two decades. In contrast to the United States’ attempts at maintaining freedom of navigation operations and general calls for de-escalation of tensions, the People’s Republic of China has over the last decade increasingly utilized military force, economic threats and land reclamation to destabilize the region and cement baseless territorial claims. It is the latter that has led to increased tensions and resulted in subtle changes in US foreign policy in the South China Sea.
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Liu, Yu Shan, and 劉育珊. "Conflicts between US and China toward South China Sea Strategies." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4nyp8f.
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Chen, Kuo-Feng, and 陳國峰. "Magnetic Study of Core MD012396 from the South China Sea- Environmental Changes of the South China Sea Since 460 ka." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78649399972943912396.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
94
Paleomagnetic and environmental magnetic methods were used to study an IMAGES core, MD012396, raised from the northern shelf of the South China Sea, in order to find out the changes of the paleomagnetic field, the paleoenvironment and the paleoclimate of this area. Natural remanent magnetization vs anhysteresis remanent magnetization (NRM/ARM) after 20 mT alternating field demagnetization was used to simulate the paleo-intensity variation of the earth magnetic field. In addition to the 14C dating, the oxygen isotope stratigraphy, the last-appearance-datum (LAD) of Globigerinoides ruber (pink) and the LAD of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, the obtained paleo-intensity pattern was compared to the Sint-800 curve compiled by Guyodo and Valet (1999) in order to establish the age model of this core. 10 magnetic polarity reversal events and magnetic excursions have been delimited. The results pointed out that core MD012396 could provide the information for the last 460 ka. The parameter S-ratio has the value larger than 0.93 in general. This suggests that magnetic minerals contained in the sediments of this core dominate the low coercivity magnetite. Generally, relative higher values of some magnetic proxies, such as magnetic susceptibility (χ), saturated isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) and ARM, have been found during the interglacial periods than those during the glacial times since 460 ka. This implies that more abundant magnetic minerals were deposited during interglacial times than during glacial times, and shows that the environment was different during glacial periods and during interglacial periods. Besides, magnetic proxies show clear changes happened at about 425 ka and 365 ka. In between, gradual shifting has been observed. It may indicate a climate transition at this period. In the early Marine oxygen Isotope Stage 8 (MIS 8), magnetic proxies and δ18O suggest that the climate was warmer and wetter than the other glacial times. In addition, magnetic proxies show a phenomenon that low-abundance, high-oxide magnetic minerals appeared at MIS 7.4 (215~230 ka). Such behavior looks just as at a glacial period. Thus, it is considered to be a severe cooling event during this stage. Furthermore, there were 7 peak values observed from the patterns of the magnetic proxies, which might reflect the volcanic activities in the surrounding area.
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Kai-Chieh, Yang. "The Non-persistent South China Sea Warm Current." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2507200617014400.
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Huang, Chien-wei, and 黃乾瑋. "Magnetic features in the northern South China Sea." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58934262472022159277.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
97
The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the marginal basins in western Pacific area. It may be a pull-apart basin which is relative to the collision between Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate. The northern extension of the SCS oceanic crust is terminated by Luzon-Ryukyu Transform Plate Boundary (LRTPB). The thicker SCS oceanic crust may be caused by post-spreading volcanism. There is thinning continental crust (TCC) zone between the continental crust and oceanic crust. In order to understand the crustal structures of the northern continental margin of SCS, we have analyzed the magnetic data in the area from 113°E to 122°E and 17°N to 24.5°N. We have performed a magnetization inversion to obtain the basement characters of the study area. We also used the analytic-signal method to determine the boundary of the structures. In addition, we have determined magnetic source locations, depths and structural types by Euler deconvolution method. As a result, there is a NE-SW trending high analytic-signal zone along the northern continental margin of SCS. The low magnetization zone is bordered in the east and the Euler solutions distribute along both sides of the low magnetization zone. The structural boundary zone SB is along the margin of Tainan Basin and finally extends into Pearl River Mouth Basin. The structural boundary zone SB and the Euler solutions distribute the area which slows the higher free-air gravity anomaly. The Tainan basin and the Chaoshan Depression generally reflect a low magnetization zone because the basement is overlain by thick sediment. The Euler solutions distribute along edges of the basins except for the northeast side of Luzon-Ryukyu Transform Plate Boundary (LRTPB).
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Yang, Kai-Chieh, and 楊凱絜. "The Non-persistent South China Sea Warm Current." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80160716811708378598.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
94
From the previous hydrographic and numerical studies, the finding of a year round northeastward flowing South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) existed on the continental shelf of northern South China Sea (SCS), even during the NE monsoon season has been claimed. However, the existence and mechanism of SCSWC is still controversial because the conclusion is mostly based on one-time hydrographic survey or very short-term moored current velocity measurements. In this study, we utilize hydrographic measurements, including CTD casts and Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (Sb-ADCP) current velocity, moored ADCP current velocity, the QuickSCAT/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (QSCAT/NCEP) blended ocean surface wind stress, and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Microwave Imager Sea Surface Temperature (TMI/SST) data to study the currents on the shelf in the northern SCS, especially focus on SCSWC. The composite temperature and SB-ADCP current velocity indicate that the shelf currents are toward the north, but northeastward in SW monsoon season (May – October) and northwestward in NE monsoon season (November — April). Furthermore, the present one-time hydrographic surveys and estimated geostrophic currents show that northeastward current is seen occasionally in the shelf region. The above studies are similar to previous studies in summer but has notable different in winter. Solidly and directly, a 9-month (04/29/2005 — 01/18/2006) ADCP mooring measurement on the shelf break, which is the considered range of SCSWC, shows the SCSWC is not a persistent feature. The currents were varied. The northeastward current was seen only in winter when the NE monsoon relaxes. The similar events are seen in a 5-month bottom-mounted moored ADCP velocity measurement on the shelf during 11/5/2001 — 3/21/2002. The wintertime observation reveals that this northeastward current emerges only when the NE monsoon is relatively weak, its velocity can reach 30 cm/s near surface, and the SST increased accordingly. Obviously, the SCSWC only exists after NE monsoon relaxation in winter. Its intermittent characteristic is different from previous studies. The output from the SCS model shows that the NE monsoon relaxation sets up a pressure gradient with sea level higher in the southwest than in the northeast and then causes a northeastward current, SCSWC. The results suggest that SCSWC is not a persistent feature. Wind relaxation could be the mechanism of SCSWC in winter.
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Chiang, Tzu-Ling, and 江紫綾. "Circulation structure in the northern South China Sea." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25606612261215435170.
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Su, Chin-Li, and 蘇晉立. "Early Continental Rifting of the South China Sea." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10575785998680254680.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
應用地球科學研究所
94
Abstract The sea-floor spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) was stopped since Miocene; this probably means that the plate tectonics in the SCS is in a stable situation. According to the magnetic anomaly, the sea-floor spreading of SCS was started in Oligocene and stopped in Miocene, and the continental rifting probably happened around Mesozoic. There are many differences between the northern and the southern sides of SCS. As we can see in the SCS regional map; the northern side is the continental shelf covered by thick sediments; and the southern side are numerous coral reef islands, the Spratly islands, covered up to 2-3 km thick of carbonates. Based on the seismic profiles, it shows a serial of normal faults in the northern side, and in the southern side are normal faults and thrust faults with different slip directions. The southern side has also a long history related to the formation of the reef islands. It probably means that the early continental rifting of the SCS is the passive Atlantic type shear processes. It is not so easy to do the large scale survey around the southern side, due to its difficulty on island’s disputes among 6 countries. Our research is combining with the existing seismic profiles and drilling data, and identify all the important unconformities. After that, we draw an inference to the history of continental rifting of SCS, which means the period of the continental crust departed from the Euro-Asia plate since 65 Ma to the beginning of sea-floor spreading in the SCS basin. We focus on the discussing of the evolution of Spratly islands and how they become the reefal island today. Because of the Spratly islands are very close to one of the world major petroleum production area, and it has already discovered oil and gas in the eastern, western, and southern sides. Considering its particular conditions of the coral reef topography and the growing ages, they are closed to the petroleum-forming conditions.