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Journal articles on the topic 'National security – International cooperation'
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Rosy, Afifah Fidina. "Kerjasama Internasional Indonesia: Memperkuat Keamanan Nasional di Bidang Keamanan Siber." JOURNAL OF GOVERNMENT SCIENCE 1, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54144/govsci.v1i2.12.
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This research analyses the development of cyber security capacity and international cooperation in cyber security carried out by Indonesia with other countries. Research results show that the development of Indonesian cyber security has been strengthened by the establishment of National Cyber and Crypto Agency. It is also found that Indonesian cyber diplomacies have yielded cooperation with other countries to strengthen cyber security as part of national security. They have been carried out bilaterally or multilaterally, and can be categorized as cooperative security based on common goals, i.e. to prevent the rise of threats to national security. Keywords: cyber security, cyber crime, security, internet, cooperative security, cooperation.
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Abdujabbor Ne'matjonovich, Nurmatov. "International cooperation in food security in Uzbekistan." International Journal on Integrated Education 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i5.144.
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The article covers the issues of ensuring food security, reforms carried out by Uzbekistan in this regard and mutual cooperation, which are becoming one of the most pressing problems in the world today. The increase in the number of Population year-on-year, climatic changes, urbanization, economic, ecological factors adversely affect the volume and quality of food production. This, in turn, dictates the implementation of deep consistent reforms in the spheres of existing rural agriculture and food industry. In recent years, with the aim of accelerating the development of agricultural production and the food industry, addressing sectoral challenges, Uzbekistan has been working not only in domestic capacity but also with international organizations and developed countries. In particular, Uzbekistan joined the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOUN) on 2 November 2001. During this period, Uzbekistan has implemented a number of national and regional projects in collaboration with the UN. For example, Uzbekistan carried out 8 national and regional projects in the Republic during 2001-2015 in cooperation with this organization. On June 5-6, 2014 in Tashkent on the initiative of Uzbekistan held an international conference on the theme “significant reserves of Food Program Implementation in Uzbekistan”. In addition, the FAOUN's 32nd regional conference for Europe is scheduled to be held in Uzbekistan for the first time among the countries of Central Asia on May 5-7, 2020. This is evidenced by the growing strengthening of cooperation with the FAOUN Organization of Uzbekistan
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van der Meer, Sico. "Enhancing International Cyber Security." Security and Human Rights 26, no. 2-4 (December 7, 2015): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02602004.
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Cyber aggression is an increasing threat to international security and stability. While national policies intended to deter cyber aggression may offer some solution in the short term, their effects in the long term are doubtful. National cyber-deterrence policies entail the risk of an on-going cyber arms race and a cycle of escalation between potential cyber opponents. Diplomacy may offer fewer results in the short term, but it is more promising in the long term. Confidence-building measures and international norms and values may not be easy to reach, but in the end they could be more effective (and cheaper) than a single focus on national cyber-deterrence strategies. In the long term, cooperation between states to establish confidence and commonly accepted norms of behaviour in cyber space are the most promising ways available to achieve enduring cyber security and stability. Enhancing interstate co-operation, transparency and predictability of behaviour in cyberspace will reduce the risks of misperception, escalation and conflict.
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Asgher, Muhammad Faizan, and Shabnam Gul. "Intelligence Cooperation and National Security Shift of Pakistan." Global Political Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(vi-i).09.
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The concept of intelligence cooperation and national security is not new, particularly after realism which interpreted these concepts with different perspectives. International states are sovereign, and they got the capacity to secure themselves from internal and external threats, i.e., army is a key to state security as it can attack the enemy to protect its borders. States are not all the time hostiles, but after 9/11, the concept of national security with refers to intelligence cooperation is a highly debatable issue. This paper study the concept of intelligence cooperation with reference to Pakistan in the previous history and present perspectives after 9/11 and the Global war against terrorism.
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Duben, Andrei Kirillovich. "International Cooperation of States in the Field of Information Security." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 4 (April 2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2022.4.39513.
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The article deals with topical issues related to the development of the international information security system and shows the main directions of the development of information security in international and information law. The cross-border nature of the use of information and telecommunication technologies makes it necessary to ensure a common and indivisible international information security. The lack of a uniform interpretation of the content of the concept of "information security" in the legislation of different States and in the international treaties concluded by them does not contribute to the development of a consistent terminology for the purposes of international cooperation at the universal level. It is concluded that the key role in the mechanism of ensuring international information security is played by legal norms adopted at the international and national level. At the same time, the problems of forming a system of legal regulation of information security have an interdisciplinary nature, including issues of the application of norms, rules and principles of responsible behavior of States designed to promote an open, safe, stable, accessible and peaceful information and communication environment. The main conclusions of the study are that international cooperation of states in the field of information security determines the further direction of development in the form of the adoption of new important international agreements on certain aspects of ensuring international information security, at the same time, in the context of information warfare, the priority is to combine efforts to ensure international and national information security. Determining the importance of ensuring information security in the context of modern challenges, threats and risks, we believe that interstate cooperation contributes to the further formation of coordination measures to respond to these threats and the development of legal support for information security in general.
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Bidova, Bela Bertovna. "National security and national interests: phenomenological characteristics." Право и политика, no. 6 (June 2020): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.6.32734.
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The goal of this article consists in the analysis of phenomenological characteristics and legal correlation of the definitions “national interests” and “national security”. The author highlights doctrinal and conceptual peculiarities of consolidation of national interests in the modern Russian legal system, determines the priorities of establishment of the system of national interests, as well as proposes optimal means for formation of the system of national interests through the integrated model that ensures adequate inclusion of the objectively nationwide interests, creation of mechanisms of their protection and implementation. The efficiency of international legal mechanism of ensuring national interests in Russia on the regional and global scale is being analyzed and assessed. The priorities of international legal cooperation in the context of ensuring national security and protection of national interests are determined. The scientific novelty lies in the statement that sequential analysis of the problems, which emerge in terms of building the system of national security and in the sphere of fulfilling national interests, may significantly affect the theoretical-substantive and technical-legal aspects of the regulatory-protective activity, establish a closer correlation between the fundamental elements of Russian legal system, including elements of the mechanism of ensuring national security.
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Aumayr, Andrea. "International Peace Cooperation Activities of Japan and the Republic of Korea between 2000 and 2010: A Comparative Analysis." Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 31–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2015-0002.
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Abstract International peace cooperation plays an important role in international relations. National interests and power balances lead to situations in which national security, human security and peace are often threatened, and international cooperation is required. The desire for peace and security is a motivating factor for states to engage in cooperation and to foster a more stable and secure environment, which in turn will also facilitate further social, political and economic development in individual countries as well as worldwide. Due to globalisation, the interconnectedness and interdependence of states in various contexts has significantly increased. This development has also led to a growing demand and need for cooperation between states to take collective action and to commonly solve regional as well as global challenges, such as peace and relevant security issues but also issues of economic, social and political importance. The aim of this paper is to present a comparative analysis and to give an overview of Japan and the Republic of Korea’s efforts and actions concerning peace cooperation in order to promote regional and global peace between 2000 and 2010-apart from the commonly known international peacekeeping operations. How do both states’ global peace supporting activities compare to each other, and is it possible to identify differences in their approaches towards international peace cooperation?
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Aqeel, Wasfi. "Great Powers' National Security Strategy towards International System's Shift: The Case of the United States and Russian Federation”." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 5 (December 29, 2022): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i5.3473.
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This research discusses the national security strategy of the United States of America and the Russian Federation according to international changes between 2000 and 2020. The study proposed a shift in the national security strategies from the strongest nation concept to the global cooperation and collaboration principles. This modification was due to the change in the structure and values of the international system, Therefore, this study uses the Principles of New Realism, Using the international system approach to clarify the nature of the new entries in it. This study concluded that the United States and Russia still depend the realistic on the superior nation principle when making national security decisions. despite the claim of nations’supremacy of liberal values based on international cooperation and integration, which appeared in their international behavior.
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Kim, Yongmin, and Youngdeuk Park. "International Health Cooperation in the Post-Pandemic Era: Possibilities for and Limitations of Middle Powers in International Cooperation." Social Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060259.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has left international cooperation and liberalistic values in crisis. As liberalism’s downfall is widely discussed, international collaborations like the European Union are criticised for their inability to operate adequately during the pandemic. The four examples in this paper are middle power countries (South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore) in terms of economic scale and influence. The purpose of this study was to uncover possibilities for and limitations of these middle powers within international cooperative efforts during and after the pandemic. The unknown factor is the path the post-pandemic world will follow. Will nations focus on independent survival? Or will international cooperation shape the new world? Globalisation already seems to have progressed too far for the national egoism of the great powers to prevail. Even if face-to-face is replaced by virtual and offline meetings move online, the social nature of humans remains unchanged, and international cooperation remains valid. The four middle power countries in Asia, which are included among the most economically successful countries, are important to international society based on their relatively excellent quarantine performance. What is important in the diplomacy of middle power countries is not traditional security and hard power but the soft power of international law, human rights, health security, and international cooperation.
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Bjelica-Vlajić, Iris. "The Serbian armed forces as a factor of international cooperation and eurointegration." Vojno delo 73, no. 3 (2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2103048v.
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By concluding international agreements in the field of security and defence, the Serbian Armed Forces become a factor of international cooperation, which imposes certain responsibilities on the state and, in a special way, regulates the international legal position of their members. The paper presents the origin and development of the idea of the Common European Security and Defence, the obligations of the Republic of Serbia and the national legal framework that regulates this field. The goal of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy, established by the Maastricht Treaty, is to preserve peace and strengthen international security in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter. To achieve this goal, the Common Security and Defence Policy has been developed, with the Union taking the leading role in peacekeeping operations and conflict prevention. The analysis of the content of national and international acts shows the evolutionary development of the idea on the existence of collective security, the acts for its implementation and the conditions necessary for the successful execution of the set tasks have been developed. Furthermore, comparative and historical methods have been used, as well as the method of deduction. It can be concluded that the new field of integration in Europe requires that the armed forces of the member states gain a role in international relations by initiating a series of institutional reforms and a change in the understanding of the social role of the military. International military engagement at regional and global level, along with bilateral cooperation, is a means of eliminating threats to national security while strengthening the capabilities of the national defence system. It is necessary to meet strict conditions for such engagement to be legitimate.
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Aben, Dauren. "Proliferation Challenges in Central Asia and the Need for International Cooperation." Central Asian Affairs 1, no. 2 (September 12, 2014): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142290-00102007.
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International cooperation on wmd nonproliferation in Central Asia must continue. In addition to unsolved problems related from the Soviet era, the region faces new challenges and threats, such as illicit trafficking in wmd materials, technologies, equipment, and delivery systems, as well as the threat of wmd terrorism. In addition, some Central Asian countries plan to develop their national nuclear industries. Future cooperation on wmd nonproliferation in Central Asia should focus on improving nuclear security and safety systems at nuclear facilities, continued engagement on the Semipalatinsk test site, countering radiological security and safety threats, enhancing export controls and border security, encouraging regional cooperation, strengthening cybersecurity, and promoting nuclear science cooperation and wmd nonproliferation education.
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Cukanov, Leonid. "Saudi Arabia National Cyber Security System: Specificity and Development Risks." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2021, no. 4 (January 12, 2022): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2021-6-4-435-443.
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The research featured the national cybersecurity system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The cybersecurity standards developed by the International Telecommunication Union of the United Nations made it possible to reveal the institutional and legal foundations of the digital security system, as well as the degree of involvement in international cybersecurity cooperation. The analysis demonstrated the key risks of the development of the Saudi cyber model. The assessment by the International Telecommunication Union standards gave quite positive results. However, Saudi Arabia proved to adhere to a catching-up development model and still experiences some problems with national cyberspace security. Some are of global nature, e.g. legislation gaps, while others result from the specifics of the national model of state governance. The most obvious risks include the imbalance between the civil and military sectors, the disagreements between various regions, and the poor integration of the local hacker community into the overall structure of national cybersecurity. Saudi Arabia plans to eliminate these imbalances in the medium term in order to build an integrated cybersecurity system by expanding its international cooperation.
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Zhuravel, Valery P. "The Arctic in 2019: international and national aspects (issues of international cooperation and security)." Arctic and North 38 (March 21, 2020): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2020.38.105.
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Gridchin, А. А., V. V. Saraev, and А. B. Toxanbayev. "International security enhancement instruments and the prevention of terrorist attacks during sports competitions." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series 137, no. 4 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2021-137-4-53-58.
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The article examines issues related to terrorist attacks against participants in sports events, both the athletes themselves and the spectators. The article presents a brief analysis of the existing mechanisms of international law enforcement cooperation. The main aims are to strengthen the interaction of international organizations, national bodies responsible for law enforcement, and sports organizations.
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Yernarkyzy Abdiraiymova, Akdana, Yerbol Musinovich Abaideldinov, and Bahyt Zhussipova Akylbayevna. "International legal cooperation of countries in ensuring the human rights to adequate food." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 1 (August 2022): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2022-001009.
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This article discusses issues concerning international legal regulation of coopera-tion of states in resolving the problems related to ensuring the human rights to ad-equate food and food security in general, including in the context of a pandemic that has had a significant impact on the development of the world's economy. The work studies: the development of international legal regulation of partnership in the field of food security, the goals and authority of Food and Agriculture Organi-zation (FAO), the conditions of the food market and the world's economy. The study examines the right of everyone to access safe and healthy food, in accord-ance with the right to for adequate food and the basic right of everyone to be free from hunger. It is noted that the world food security system covers: the creation of national food supplies coordinated on the international level; provision of food aid to countries in need, organization of an early warning system on food shortage; an increase of the share of developing countries in international trade of agriculture products. One of the factors of the establishment of intranational food security is food sup-port to developing states. The article considers various principles like roman princi-ples of sustainable global food security; a comprehensive approach to food securi-ty; strategic coordinative cooperation; the principle of supporting national, region-al and international programs; close interaction with international organizations and principle of maintaining of assumed financial obligations. It is noted that the lack of positive results in a process of resolving issues concern-ing food supply requires improvement of the effectiveness of multilateral man-agement system dealing with ensuring world's food security, through the unifica-tion and coordination of efforts of states, international organizations, and other interested parties at local and global levels. A similar policy is proposed to be considered in complex with global and regional issues, including negotiations on the creation of a fair international trade regime, which will positively affect the strengthening of national food security potential of developing countries and improve the effectiveness of international food assis-tance programs. Such policy is proposed to be reflected and specified in agriculture doctrines of national and regional levels.
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Michalski, Anna, and Ludvig Norman. "Conceptualizing European security cooperation: Competing international political orders and domestic factors." European Journal of International Relations 22, no. 4 (July 26, 2016): 749–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066115602938.
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It is commonly argued that political elites in Europe are increasingly acting in accordance with shared norms, identities and practices, thus shaping the character of international cooperation in Europe, not least in the field of security. However, in contrast to such expectations, European security cooperation often displays highly irregular and unpredictable patterns. This article offers a conceptual framework that seeks to make sense of these irregular patterns without refuting the assumption that social institutions in the sphere of international security shape cooperation in fundamental ways. Our point of departure is the observation that European states are embedded in international orders that produce norms and practices that sometimes complement and sometimes compete with each other. We contend that a general situational mechanism traceable through a number of domestic-level factors conditions the propensity of European states to coordinate national security policy. The framework, designed to make sense of the often-irregular patterns of European security cooperation, is illustrated by examples from European states’ response to the 2011 crisis in Libya.
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Shvydko, V. "Smart Power in the Transpacific Zone of Security and Cooperation." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-9-5-15.
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The use of smart power to achieve national goals as part of global and regional strategies is becoming an evident trend in world politics. A roundtable discussion held at the IMEMO Centre for Asia-Pacific studies focused on a softer, intellectual dimension of smart power used by major international actors in Northeast Asia and in the Pacific to serve their goals and interests. Ideas and concepts developed by domestic think tanks or political analysts are launched into international discussions aiming to influence actual agenda of international expert community and activities by multilateral frameworks and organisations. The infusion of these ideas into the agenda and content of international discussion overtly or covertly affects the mindset of political class in other countries and drives them towards articulating of policy lines or decisions conforming to national goals set by smart power constructors.This modern policy tool has gained particular importance in the U.S. policy where it was officially endorsed as a part of national strategy. At the same time important regional actors like Japan, China and South Korea also resort to intellectual tools in their policies directed at both domestic and overseas public opinion and political thinking. Having started with slogans designed to improve the image of ruling political teams, policy-makers in these countries increasingly promote ideas geared to appeal to political class inside and outside their countries in order to secure attainment of specific goals and advance ambitious policy tasks. Growing sophistication and powerful promotion of these ideas have become an obvious trend. Against this background, Russia’s neglect of intellectual aspects of promoting its own political tasks in the Asia-Pacific reflects the need for re-defining its “eastern” policy.
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Najafqolinejad, Azam, and Mohammad Hassanzadeh. "National libraries and regional cooperations: a framework for ECO national libraries." Electronic Library 34, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-07-2014-0118.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the cultural integration, the role of national libraries in regional and international cooperation, Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) national libraries’ barriers of cooperation and drivers of their cooperation and to propose a framework (conceptual and operational) for their cooperation. Design/methodology/approach – Data collection tool of this survey was a researcher-made questionnaire, sent to 30 individuals and experts involved in cooperation of ECO National Libraries from eight institutions. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. It was 0.91. In this study, for awareness of activities between ECO national libraries and extraction of drivers, some documents were studied, and preliminary data were collected by informal interviews with meeting stakeholders and participants. Findings – The lack of stability in management positions was one of the major barriers in cooperation of the ECO national libraries. Other major obstacles in this context were lack of continuous communication, lack of common protocols and standards, lack of planning, lack of a central coordinating organization, bureaucracy, etc. Geographical proximity, common history and heritage, common resources, Islamic and cultural factors, importance of information and knowledge, requirements of the international system and political and security requirements were considered as drivers. An information centre was proposed for their active cooperation. Iran is better to host the information centre. Originality/value – National libraries as the scientific and cultural memory of nations and heirs of written heritage should cooperate and share their valuable scientific and cultural heritage to the future generations.
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Saravanamuttu, Johan. "Asia‑ Pacific Security Cooperation: National Interests and Regional Order." Contemporary Southeast Asia 26, no. 3 (December 2004): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/cs26-3m.
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VIVVHAR, Oksana, Yuliya MURAVSKA, and Volodymyr GEVKO. "PRACTICAL CONTEXTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY ON THE PARTNERSHIP CONDITIONS: POSITIVE EXTERNALS AND EFFICIENCY OF SECURITY." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 302, no. 1 (January 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-302-1-1.
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The dynamic development of scientific thought suggests that armed conflicts pose a significant threat to humanity due to the possible expansion of the number of participants in globalization, the development of environmental disasters, the negative humanitarian consequences associated with the growing number of refugees. The issue of resolving armed conflicts is relevant and occupies an important place in the system of modern international relations. NATO’s involvement in the settlement of armed conflicts is a comprehensive and systematic set of measures aimed at building long-term and sustainable peace, establishing the rule of law, protecting human rights and freedoms, and uniting society around a common development strategy. The international legal mechanisms for NATO’s participation in the settlement of armed conflicts are based on a coherent strategy, taking into account the interests of all citizens; they cannot be used by anyone to achieve personal goals. It should be noted that a post-conflict settlement, being fair, restores citizens’ trust in the state, its bodies and institutions, and establishes mutual understanding and mutual respect. The scientific issue of Ukraine-NATO cooperation as an important mechanism for combating hybrid warfare is particularly relevant and complicated. However, the security is a key point. The aim of the article is to present specific features of non-military cooperation between Ukraine and NATO. Based on the long-term goal of joining to the European system of collective security, Ukraine is building new approaches to ensuring national security. The purpose of this article is to review the literature topic, as well as the current situation of Ukraine-NATO cooperation, the hybrid warfare, as well as additional and alternative forms of security policy. In this paper we attempt to determine the factors of Ukraine-NATO cooperation, the conditions, the advantages and disadvantages of current solutions, as well as the conclusion of present situation with the issuance of diagnosis for the future mechanism for combating hybrid warfare. The article uses the reports and results of selected studies conducted in Ukraine.
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Duckworth, Austin. "“Decisive Political Means”: International Security Cooperation and the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games." Journal of Sport History 48, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.48.1.0017.
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Abstract The International Olympic Committee (IOC) selected Seoul, South Korea, as the host of the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in Baden-Baden, Germany, in 1981. Due to the acrimonious history between the two nations, in particular North Korea’s bombing of a South Korean civilian airplane in 1987, fear existed that North Korea might attack the games. In response to the North Korean threat, the IOC, national governments, and national Olympic committees worked together to provide security for the 1988 Seoul Olympics. As relations between the United States and Soviet Union slowly improved, protecting the Olympics factored into arms-control discussions between the two rivals. Simultaneously, despite a long-held aversion to politics interfering with sport, the situation forced the IOC to manipulate political ties to ensure a safe Olympic Games. This system of international security cooperation had a lasting impact on Olympic security.
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Yarova, I., and O. Ivanenko. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF UKRAINE WITH POLAND: ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION AND STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 3 (2020): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-28.
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The article is devoted to methodological and practical aspects of assessment and formation of strategic directions for the international economic cooperation development between Ukraine and Poland, taking into account the parameters of national security. The paper clarifies the substantive basis of international economic cooperation. The state of international economic cooperation development is analyzed according to quantitative and qualitative indicators taking into consideration such strategic directions as: export-import operations; exchange of labor resources; investment cooperation; assessment of the level of national security of Ukraine's foreign economic relations with Poland. In particular, the assessment of the state of relations on the exchange of labor resources has been carried out in relation to the migration volumes, comparative assessment of incomes and from the standpoint of contribution to the country's economy. Emphasis is placed on the need to strengthen the strategic guidelines for investment cooperation. The main problems in this area of production have been outlined. The dynamics of investment cooperation has been characterized. In particular, it was established that the largest volume of direct investment in Ukraine has been observed in 2010, the positive dynamics has been manifested since 2016. Examples of strategic cooperation in the investment sphere have been given. The security indicators of export-import operations have been assessed. It was established that the positive dynamics has been observed from 2018. It was stated that there were certain risks, the main of which was the irrational structure of barter transactions.
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Zinovieva, Elena, and Inna Yanikeeva. "Evolution of the US — Russia relations in the area of international information security: A retrospective study." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 15, no. 2 (2022): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.203.
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In November 2021, Russia and the United States submitted a draft joint resolution on international information security to the UNGA First Committee, which was a significant victory for Russian diplomacy in the formation of an international information security regime. For a long time, Russian-American relations in the field of international information security have been developing on the basis of a confrontational model, while these two states are the most active actors in the global information sphere. The general trends in the formation of an international information security regime depend on the nature of relations between countries. The article presents a historical analysis of cooperation between Moscow and Washington in the digital environment and assesses the impact of the historical experience of interaction on the prospects for the development of bilateral cooperation in the field of international information security. Methodologically, the authors base the research from the theory of defensive realism, according to which the factor of perception of the priority of threats to international information security is an important factor in bilateral interaction. The more significant threats are perceived from the point of view of national security, the more likely is the development and deepening of international cooperation aimed at shaping the rules of conduct in this area. The article examines the evolution of threats to international information security in historical retrospect. Based on the perception of the priority of threats, the evolution of the formats of bilateral interaction in the field of international information security is shown. It has been proved that the perception of the priority of threats in the field of international information security contributes to the development and deepening of bilateral cooperation, which in the future can develop into a full-fledged regime of international information security, based on the rules of responsible behavior of states in the global information space.
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Mukherjee, A. "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SPACE TECHNOLOGY: AN ABSTRACTION WITH FUZZY LOGIC ANALYSIS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5 (November 15, 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-13-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> India’s cooperation with International Space faring nations has a long legacy of cooperation. As India moves towards realizing its space aspirations, its co-operation for outreach and capacity building with international partners will increase. This cooperation is reflected in all spheres of national development, security and space exploration of both the primary as well as partnering nation. Policy considerations and directives acts as a key to define the future course of action for such cooperation. The paper attempts to present parameters for evaluating policy options of India’s international space cooperation with an example of India-Israel space cooperation. The paper uses fuzzy logic modeling for scoring parametric valuation for pursuing cooperation. This valuation can assist in making feasibility analysis for a collaborative mission or project with a partnering nation. These parameters include the erstwhile and ongoing collaborations and cooperation, economics of the collaborative project, security considerations, technical considerations & space ambitions. The output delivers aggregated value for ‘checks and balance’ derivatives for informed decision making.</p>
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Reginia-Zacharski, Jacek. "Obszary bezpieczeństwa Inicjatywy Trójmorza." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 73, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2020.73.2.11.
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The Three Seas Initiative (tsi) is a relatively young format of regional cooperation, partially implemented by the instruments of the European Union. The areas of the Initiative’s activity declared in Dubrovnik (2016): logistic and transport cooperation, energy cooperation as well as IT and telecommunication cooperation are immanent components of national and international security. At the same time, they implement security postulates directly or indirectly, increasing the potential and possibilities in other areas.The aim of the study is to demonstrate the relationship between the activities carried out in the TSI format and security understood today – both in its „positive” and „negative” dimensions. The leading hypothesis is the assumption that by increasing the civilizational and infrastructural potential, levelling the development backwardness and the competitiveness of the region, it increases the level of security of the whole region, as well as of international institutions such as the European Union and NATO.
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Boyko, S. "Political and Legal Framework of the International Information Security." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 19, no. 4 (2021): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2021.19.4.67.4.
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The article covers the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of international information security. The purpose of the study is to identify the key directions for strengthening international cooperation in the area of information security. The article examines the state of bilateral cooperation on international information security issues in particular on the example of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on cooperation in the field of international information security. The article analyzes Russian initiatives put forward in regional and multilateral organizations. Thus, special attention is paid to cooperation within BRICS, the SCO, the CSTO and ASEAN. Regional and interregional interaction in this area increases stability and security of the respective regions, taking into account the national interests of the parties involved. The article also studies the Russian projects promoted at the global level, namely, the UN General Assembly resolutions adopted by the initiative of the Russian Federation. Russia and its partners contributed to the adoption of a set of 13 international rules, principles and norms of responsible behavior of states in the information space. Convocation of an Open-Ended Working Group, whose mandate has been extended until 2025, has become an important contribution of Russia to institutionalization of the profile discussion mechanism within the UN. The author concludes that Russian projects and cooperation agreements reached can foster the development of political and legal framework of the international information security system. The focus on promoting the formation of such a system is confirmed by the updated Basic principles of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of international information security. However, these initiatives are not exhaustive. Therefore, the formation of such a system requires the efforts of the entire world community.
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Odell, John S., and Thomas D. Willett. "International Monetary Cooperation, Domestic Politics, and Policy Ideas." Journal of Public Policy 8, no. 3-4 (July 1988): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00008606.
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International monetary problems moved from the back pages to the front pages long ago, and yet, despite much attention, they continue to trouble national leaders, entrepreneurs, international officials and scholars, and to affect the average citizen. World payments imbalances and currency fluctuations have substantial domestic economic effects, give rise to protectionist pressures, put unwelcome heat on politicians, and raise fears that resulting governmental conflicts could unravel political-security relations. Thus, large and small nations meet in various fora, from bilateral sessions through the Group-of-Seven powers to the annual IMF conference, to negotiate proposed changes.
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Yoo, In Tae. "Cybersecurity Crisscrossing International Development Cooperation: Unraveling the Cyber Capacity Building of East Asian Middle Powers Amid Rising Great Power Conflicts." Korea Observer - Institute of Korean Studies 53, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29152/koiks.2022.53.3.447.
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Why do states aid other states' economic development? This has long been pondered in international relations (IR) and addressed by realism, humanitarian internationalism, and other theories. However, the recent establishment of cybersecurity capacity building (CCB) centers calls for a renewed investigation of the subject due to the nature of new digital technology. This article is particularly concerned with both the national security and economic development domains of CCB, because cybersecurity has become a critical national security concern for many nations and because internet-related technology has become essential for economic development, requiring its secure and safe operation. This paper argues that CCB, a new form of international development, has been pursued with disparate goals by different states, conditional upon the donor's surrounding international environment. With cases of CCB centers recently established by Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK), this research demonstrates that while Japanese CCB efforts are aligned with Japan's national strategy, the ROK has approached CCB largely from the perspective of developmental assistance. The study suggests that academics uncover disparate rationales behind similar CCB activities, that potential recipients need to recognize the difference, and that foreign policymakers must recognize the versatile implications of CCB when internationally coordinating such efforts.
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Ohlandt, Chad J. R. "Competition and Collaboration in Space between the U.S., China, and Australia." Asian Survey 54, no. 2 (March 2014): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2014.54.2.395.
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U.S. national security space policy has recently shifted significantly toward increased international cooperation. Australian space activities have been reinvigorated, but remain underfunded. China’s space activities remain vigorous, but largely unilateral. Given U.S. policy changes, opportunities for cooperation and collaboration among all three have improved.
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Kwak, Dong Hun. "Romania’s National Security through Alliance Diplomacy." East European and Balkan Institute 46, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.155.
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To understand a phenomenon and to overcome it effectively, we need a lens that can see the phenomenon clearly. The meaning and type of the phenomenon look different depending on which lens we look through, and furthermore, the countermeasures and solution method for it are also different. The same goes for international relations. Alliance diplomacy, one of the various approaches to understanding the behavior of international relations, can be said to be a basic diplomatic means to maintain the balance of power between countries. The key to alliance diplomacy is the balance of power. The true purpose of alliance diplomacy is to secure a balanced power against the hostile country by forming an alliance with other countries when national security cannot be achieved on its own.
The military value of Romania is increasing at the European level by the United States trying to strengthen NATO’s current strategic role. Romania is a very important region for the national interest of the United States. It is true that Romania, which is very close to Russia, a hostile hegemon, is also faithfully responding to changes in the security environment through an alliance with the United States.
However, the range of mutual understanding between the United States and European countries across the Atlantic Ocean is getting narrower. Between the two powers, Europe, which provides software values such as economy and culture, and the United States, which provides hardware means such as political and military power, the scope of Romania’s movement may be narrowed. Romania is receiving economic support from the EU, a large European economic community, and security guarantees from NATO, led by the United States. Therefore, in the face of the dilemma of cooperation and discord between the two powers, Romania will have to properly adapt to the international system that is transitioning to a multipolar system by maximizing its strategic flexibility.
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Akrap, Gordan. "Transatlantic Cooperation and New Euro-Asian Security Architecture." National security and the future 24, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/nstf.24.1.3.
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Russia's second aggression against Ukraine launched in February 2022, compared to the one in 2014, shows all the brutality of the Russian regime. In same time aggression disregard agreed cooperation mechanisms in crisis management processes with the aim of avoiding stronger conflicts and wars. Is it necessary, as a consequence of this Russian aggression, to change the existing global security architecture completely or should it be upgraded? Considering the hybridity of existing and emerging conflicts and wars, societies and states should be prepared for these challenges by integrating their own capabilities at the national and international level. In this process, the protection of critical infrastructures plays a significant role. Especially those that are considered as a key critical infrastructure.
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Stawnicka, Jadwiga, and Beata Bekulard. "The Perception of Terrorist Threats in Terms of the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland." Internal Security 12, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3195.
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The purpose of this article is to indicate changes in the perception of terrorist threats and the approach to them on the basis of normative documents defining strategic objectives in the area of security. The focus is on strategic papers in the field of security from 2000 to 2014, on the one hand, and on the other, on the law of 10 June 2016 about anti-terrorist activities. The content of the following normative documents has been analysed with regard to the recognition, combating, and prevention of terrorist threats. The authors focus their attention on: the Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland from 2000, the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland from 2003, the National Security Strategy of National Security Bureau, from 2007, and the National Security Strategy of the National Security Bureau from 2014. The implementation of the Polish security policy strategy is contained in four types of activity, i.e. national activities, integration with Western security structures, involvement in international actions to resolve hazardous situations, and cooperation with other international actors in strengthening international stability and security. The discussed strategies were created on the basis of the provisions of the amended Act on the universal obligation to defend the Republic of Poland.
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Baun, Michael, and Dan Marek. "Making Europe Defend Again: The Relaunch of European Defense Cooperation from a Neoclassical Realist Perspective." Czech Journal of International Relations 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1643.
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This article examines the relaunch of European defense cooperation since 2016 from the perspective of neoclassical realism, a theoretical approach to the study of foreign policy which explores how domestic political and ideational factors shape national foreign policy responses to international systemic pressures. It argues that while Europe’s changing geostrategic and security environment has created incentives for increased defense cooperation, explaining the form and content of this cooperation requires understanding the preferences of key European states, especially France and Germany. The article focuses on two new forms of European defense cooperation: PESCO and the E21, the former inside the EU institutional framework and the latter outside of it. The article argues that these initiatives are explained by the contrast between French and German preferences on defense cooperation, which in turn reflect their divergent national security priorities but also their different strategic cultures, including their differing perspectives on European integration.
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Tsependa, Igor, and Mykhailo Statkevych. "NATO – a Key Platform of Ukrainian-Canadian Security Cooperation." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 44 (December 15, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2021.44.45-51.
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The assessment of the state of security cooperation between Ukraine and Canada on the NATO platform is carried out in the context of the study of Ukraine's role in Canada's actual security policy. The importance of such a study is determined by the priority of solving urgent problems in the field of international support for national security and the implementation of the foreign policy course for Euro-Atlantic integration of our state. The existence of significant threats to the national security of Ukraine in the context of conflict with Russian Federation determines the relevance of studying the theoretical and practical aspects of cooperation with key foreign partners to counter security challenges. Canada remains a staunch supporter of Ukraine’s state sovereignty, regardless of temporary changes in domestic and foreign policy. Such a consistent position of Ottawa defines the significance and effectiveness of the special partnership of this state with Ukraine, in particular, in the field of security policy. The article reviews the main aspects of Ukrainian-Canadian cooperation within NATO as the main multilateral security platform for Ukraine. An important component of Canadian support for Ukraine is the desire to bring Ukrainian military, social and democratic standards in line with the standards of NATO member countries. In this context, Canadian practical and expert experience is extremely important for our country. We are constantly confirming this in the process of meaningful Ukrainian-Canadian political dialogue within international organizations and NATO in particular. Thus, Ottawa actively supports Ukraine's efforts for Euro-Atlantic integration and plays an important role in filling the practical content of Kyiv's cooperation with the Alliance in the military-political and humanitarian spheres.
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Nascmbene, Bruno. "CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS: I. COMMUNITY COURTS IN THE AREA OF JUDICIAL COOPERATION." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, no. 2 (April 2005): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei016.
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A. The area of freedom, security and justice and the role of the Court of JusticeOne of the subjects which has aroused particular interest in the study of the ‘area of freedom, security and justice’ introduced by the Treaty of Amsterdam as an objective of the European Union (EU) inherent in the principle of the free movement of persons (see the preamble to, and Article 2, the Treaty on EU) is the role of the European Court of Justice (Court). The interest is both theoretical and practical, because one of the main issues is the Court's jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings and thus relations between national and Community courts and the protection of the interests of individuals before national courts wherever there is a conflict between national and Community law and thus a question of interpretation of Community law arises in national proceedings. The Treaty of Nice, which came into force on 1 February 2003, altered the jurisdiction and organisation of the Community judicature and therefore affected the ‘area of freedom, security and justice’.1
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Benigni, Eugenia. "Women, Peace and Security in Ukraine." Security and Human Rights 27, no. 1-2 (July 13, 2016): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02701001.
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Since the Maidan protests in late 2013, women have played crucial roles in all sectors in the conflict in Ukraine: politics, civil society, reconciliation efforts, and armed fighting. The conflict has offered new challenges and opportunities for their emancipation, influence, and empowerment, but also for growing violations of their human rights. Despite their activism, women and gender issues remain underrepresented in the Minsk process for the resolution of the conflict, despite ongoing efforts by international organizations and pressure from civil society. International and national support for women’s participation in dialogue and cooperation has increased, but needs to be sustained and expanded to new grassroots groups and women leaders for more visible impact. The article reflects the author’s personal observations on how women’s roles have evolved in the Ukrainian crisis by drawing on her field experience, meetings, interviews, and reports by international and national organizations.
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Volik, Viacheslav, and Olha Bespalova. "The Role of International Organizations in Maintaining Environmental Security." Teisė 121 (December 8, 2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2021.121.9.
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The conducted research aims to determine the role of international organizations in the field of maintaining environmental safety. It is concluded that the relevance of the activities of international environmental organizations, governmental and non-governmental, both individually and collectively, make an important contribution to the processes of ensuring and maintaining environmental safety throughout the world, showing the need to disseminate environmental education, invest in environmental projects, increase society’s involvement in cooperation at the national and international levels, update scientific theoretical and practical research, and preserve natural heritage for future generations.
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Shakhbazian, Karina. "COOPERATION OF STATES IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING CYBER CRIME AND APPROACHES TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF CYBER TERRORISM." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 148 (2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2021.148.1.35-48.
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Currently, society is evolving into information one, which, on the one hand, simplifies the interaction between participants in public relations, and on the other hand, increases the risk of human rights violations, when using information and communication technologies. Changing the structure and scope of information transfer requires both the subjects of social relations, which have a personal interest in ensuring the highest possible level of security of transmitted data, and the state as a whole as a guarantor of the stability of the legal field of public relations. It is obvious that national security largely depends on information security, and in the course of technical progress, this dependence is only growing. Information, acting as an economic and social guarantee of stability of existence and development of society and the state, is the object of close attention and influence of the state. The introduction of e-document management and the creation of interconnected information resources have made information vulnerable to outside interference.The choice is made by the individual user of information-and-communication technologies, by civil society as a whole (for example, by opposing or supporting certain state policies inthe information sphere) and by public authorities, as they decide on lawmaking and implementation of relevant norms. Each state is constantly balancing between the principles of respect for human and civil rights and freedoms, integration into the international community, the need to ensure economic growth and national security. However, no domestic policy should outweigh the need for international cooperation in the fight against crime, which should be based on the principles of openness, mutual assistance, development of new forms of cooperation. It seems that international cooperation in the fight against cybercrime should be carried out with the participation of all countries.The legal basis of the regime of preservation of information in internationallaw includes the following components: basic principles of human rights protection; the procedure for cross-border circulation of information; protection of confidential information; the status of international bodies implementing a unified legal policy in the field of information protection and its implementation. It seems that international cooperation in the fight against cybercrime must be carried out with the participation of all countries. At the same time, based on a generalized analysis of the legal framework of international, European and national legislation of the EU countries, a certain approach to the implementation of international cooperation in combating cybercrime is proposed: improving the legal framework for international cooperation, harmonized implementation of developed legal norms into national legislation, improving approaches to information exchange.
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Marchuk, Larysa. "INTERNATIONAL METHODS OF COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION OF NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC SAFETY." Economic Analysis, no. 27(4) (2017): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.04.337.
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The article deals with the methods of assessing the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of economic security. It is determined that consideration of competitive advantages and directions of their strengthening in determining the parameters of foreign trade security becomes the way of solving a set of problems, which are associated with improving the efficiency of foreign trade activities of the country. The combination of the tasks of development and security of foreign economic activity provides an opportunity to move through the continuous improvement and to achieve the targeted results to increase the competitiveness of the national economy, primarily on the basis of development of foreign trade cooperation.
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Cai, Cuihong. "Cybersecurity in the Chinese Context: Changing Concepts, Vital Interests, and Prospects for Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 03 (October 2015): 471–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500189.
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"Cybersecurity" has become a topic of great strategic importance concerning both national and international security, especially after Edward Snowden's disclosure of the secret surveillance programs of the U.S. government. With the largest number of netizens in the world, China holds its own views, beliefs, and assumptions on this topic. To understand the current disputes over international cybersecurity and to identify challenges and opportunities presented to international cybersecurity cooperation, it is of great significance to examine "cybersecurity" in the Chinese context. This article deals with the following issues from a Chinese perspective: cyberspace and cybersecurity in general, China's vital cybersecurity interests and threatening challenges, and barriers to further progress in international cybersecurity cooperation. It is concluded that China's understanding of cybersecurity, which derives from its unique national conditions, does not limit its willingness to participate in international cybersecurity cooperation.
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Purwanti, Devi. "The United States Motivation in Having Cyber Security Cooperation With China." Journal of International Studies on Energy Affairs 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51413/jisea.vol2.iss1.2021.105-122.
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The United States and China had conducted cyber cooperation since 2011. But in 2013, both states were involved in the cyber conflict that made the previous cyber collaboration had been ineffective. After that, in 2015, both states agreed to re-form cyber cooperation. This study aims to analyse the United States' motivation in conducting cyber partnerships with China using the cybersecurity concept. This research has discovered at the national level, the United States tried to achieve its information assurance through cyber defence strategy by strengthening collaboration. On the other hand, at the international level, norm construction through bilateral collaboration has made the United States become an impactful actor in international cybersecurity.
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BUŞE, Mihaela. "PANDEMIC INFLUENZA, A THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERINCE "STRATEGIESXXI" 18, no. 1 (December 6, 2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2971-8813-22-06.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has hit the international community, causing a terrible shock among people everywhere. An invisible enemy that has spread all over the globe and left behind death and suffering, lockdown, unemployment, weakened national economies, a whole new depressing and frightening reality. Were there any other pandemics? Could this pandemic have been better managed? Has this threat been identified in national security strategies? Did the states act separately or unitarily? After almost two years, were there lessonslearned? I reviewed the US national security strategies from 1987 to 2021 in order to see if the pandemics were mentioned as threats to the security of the American people. Then I did the same with Romania's last two security strategies. I looked for documents that showed the interest of states for the consequences of a pandemic similar with the one in 1918, which would show that pandemics were perceived as security threats before the Covid-19 pandemic broke out. I also looked for concrete actions of the states for the management of a pandemic,pandemic preparedness plans. I also highlighted the challenges states were facing following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in the medical field and in the economy. Although the management of the pandemic was initially a race against the clock, each country trying to cope with the large number of people hospitalized and lacking medical equipment, it later became clear that cooperation between states and organizations and mutual aid is the solution to get out faster from this health crisis.
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PLOTNIKOV, Oleksiy. "PROBLEMS OF UKRAINE’S COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 5 (June 11, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.05.041.
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The contemporary aspects of Ukraine’s cooperation with international financial organizations are considered. The modern world is characterized by widespread use of external debt borrowing along with domestic sources of financing. The problems on the way of optimization of relations between Ukraine and international financial organizations are identified. In particular, these problems include: solvency of Ukraine and the growth of external debt; inadequacy of requirements of the international financial organizations to the realities of Ukraine’s economy; permanent influence of the international financial organizations on the activity of the current government of the state; requirements from the international financial institutions that are on the verge of national security of Ukraine, and in some cases cross this limit; the use of political factors to directly support the holding of various kinds of “reformers”; optimization of relations between Ukraine and the international financial organizations. The actual directions of optimization of Ukraine’s cooperation with international financial organizations are outlined. The author shows the necessity to build strategies of relations of Ukraine with international financial organizations to be based on the current state of the national economy. The transition from direct receipt of financial resources to advisory and other support from these institutions is deemed as the possible direction of further relations of Ukraine with international financial organizations. In modern conditions it is necessary to reorient the cooperation with international financial organizations to achieve the national interests of Ukraine in the country and abroad. Ukraine’s relations with the international financial institutions should be built in the context of optimizing the model of socio-economic development and changing relevant accents.
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KARTSKHIYA, ALEXANDR. "CYBERSECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION AND AN EXPERIENCE OF BRICS STATES." Gaps in Russian Legislation 14, no. 4 (July 28, 2021): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2021-14-4-358-365.
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The article considers the influence of disruptive technologies as an impact factor of a modern system of cybersecurity and scientific and technological development (STI-Science, Technology and Innovation) in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution, taking into account the experience of the BRICS countries, as well as the development of mechanisms for international scientific and technical cooperation within the BRICS. The author's finding of an inevitable development of cooperation within the framework of the BRICS group in order to improve information infrastructure and cybersecurity, ivolve national legal systems and creation of impact factors to create wide prospects for cooperation in the information sphere within the BRICS group and on a global scale. The state of information and cybersecurity will largely depend on the effectiveness of the activities of international organizations, associations of states and regional international structures. At the same time, the level of security in the information sphere, the Internet cyberspace has a direct effect on vulnerability within the national security of each BRICS member country and the entire association as a whole.
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Tayebi, Sobhan, Seyed Fazlollah Moosavi, and Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi. "Environmental Diplomacy: A Framework for Growth of International Interaction and Cooperation for Achievement of Global Peace." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 9 (October 30, 2016): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n9p150.
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<p>Protection of the Environment nowadays is the top Priority on the Agenda of the International Community of Decision-Makers. The increasing Importance of the Issue Is Due To The Fact That Minor National Environmental Crises Have Developed into Major International ones. Surely Sustainability in Development and Environmental Protectiondoes not occur without Serious Regional Interactions And International Cooperation. Hence, Despite the Improved International Relations And Capacities As Well As The Existing Mechanisms, Inter Alia, The International Rules, The Global Community should attempt Towards Interactions To Protect The Global Security against Major Challenges and Keep Global Peace in a stable process. Hence, Environmental Diplomacy Is a Major Issue that is Efficient in the Interactions among Countries and, Ultimately, Citizens, Adding to the Depth of Peace and Security. In This Direction, Constructive Interactions on a National Scale As well As Effective Interactions on Regional and International Scales form An Effective Strategy to encounrer Increasing Environmental Threats. The Aim of This Study Is discussion And An Exploration of Environmental Diplomacy In Light Of International Interactions And Cooperation.</p>
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Chayes, Antonia. "How American Treaty Behavior Threatens National Security." International Security 33, no. 1 (July 2008): 45–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.45.
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In recent years, American treaty behavior has produced growing concern among both allies and less friendly nations. On such fundamental issues as nuclear proliferation, terrorism, human rights, civil liberties, environmental disasters, and commerce, the United States has generated confusion and anger abroad. Such a climate is not conducive to needed cooperation in the conduct of foreign and security policy. Among U.S. actions that have caused concern are the failure to ratify several treaties; the attachment of reservations, understandings, and declarations before ratification; the failure to support a treaty regime once ratified; and treaty withdrawal. The structural and historical reasons for American treaty behavior are deeply rooted in the United States' system of government and do not merely reflect superpower arrogance.
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Hassan, Mabroor, Manzoor Khan Afridi, and Muhammad Irfan Khan. "Water security and environmental security in a national and regional context: envisioning environmental diplomacy for cooperation." Water Policy 21, no. 6 (November 25, 2019): 1139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.072.
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Abstract Water insecurity anticipates the ample threat to livelihood, economy, development, environment, peace, security, and poverty reduction efforts in South Asia. This study has attempted the analysis of accords, treaties, and water policies in the region to assess the relationship of water security, environmental security, and conflict in a national (Pakistan) and regional (South Asia) context using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Twenty-four technical, economic, social, environmental, and political criteria have been selected to present the relationship logically in terms of obligations of international water laws. The results express various gaps in the selected criteria which were the probable cause of environmental damage, conflicts, and mistrust. Moreover, environmental diplomacy has been endorsed as a tool for dispute settlement due to its non-aggressive and flexible characteristics. Dispute settlement and cooperation on shared water resources can foster sustainable development, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability.
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Choi, Jeong Il, and Min Hyung Lee. "A Study on Policy Strategies for Establishing National Aviation Security System: Focusing on Security Control and International Cooperation." Korean Journal of Political Science 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34221/kjps.2017.25.4.2.
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KILYBAYEV, Nurlybek A., and Yernar N. ESTEUSIZOV. "Separatism as a Threat to the National Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Problems of Counteraction." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.3(41).15.
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The authors of the research consider issues of counteracting modern manifestations of separatism in the context of ensuring regional security in accordance with the international and criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis results are exemplified not only by separatist manifestations in certain states but also their possible spread through Central Asia due to common interests and cross-border cooperation. The authors study the criminal law of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulating liability for separatist activities and draw conclusions on improving the existing legislation to effectively prevent and combat separatist crimes. They also consider aspects of international cooperation aimed at fighting against separatism in the context of their historical formation and prevention prospects.
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KUŹNIAR, Zbigniew, and Artur FRONCZYK. "SECURITY OF POLAND IN UNITED EUROPE. SELECTED CONDITIONS." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 162, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3161.
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The article discusses the issues of the security and defence of Poland as compared to the European Union, the problems of strengthening the EU’s potential in the field of crisis management and the reinforcement of cooperation in the area of security and defence. The article also presents the general situation of the process of increasing European integration, which consists in moving towards more and more superior forms of cooperation between Member states. The authors of the article also discuss the issues of national and international security and describe selected organisations and political and military units acting for peace both within the European Union and NATO.