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Journal articles on the topic 'National parks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

García-Melón, Mónica, Tomás Gómez-Navarro, and Silvia Acuña-Dutra. "AN ANP APPROACH TO ASSESS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURIST STRATEGIES FOR THE COASTAL NATIONAL PARKS OF VENEZUELA / VENESUELOS PAKRANTĖS NACIONALINIŲ PARKŲ DARNAUS TURIZMO STRATEGIJŲ VERTINIMAS ATP METODU." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.41.

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Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of “Los Roques” national park who provided most of the information needed. Santrauka Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas “Los Roques” nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos.

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2

Tangley, Laura. "Beyond National Parks." BioScience 38, no. 3 (March 1988): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310445.

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3

Parris, Thomas M. "Exploring National Parks." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 41, no. 5 (June 1999): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139159909604630.

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4

Steers, J. A., William S. Lacey, and Alan Hamilton. "Britain's National Parks." Geographical Journal 151, no. 2 (July 1985): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633540.

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5

Cochrane, Janet. "Indonesian national parks." Annals of Tourism Research 33, no. 4 (October 2006): 979–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.03.018.

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6

Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.

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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.

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7

Tian, Yunxi, Haidong Ning, Hongqian Ren, Jianjun Liu, Kai Wang, and Bo Hong. "National Fitness Evaluation of Urban Parks in the National Ecological Garden City: A Case Study in Baoji, China." Land 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060889.

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Urban parks are important places for residents to engage in physical activity (PA). Properly designed fitness facilities play a positive role in the PA level of park users. We conducted a quantitative evaluation of urban park systems based on the revised Chinese version of ParkScore (RCPS) from the perspective of national fitness. Baoji, one of the first National Ecological Garden Cities (NEGCs), was selected as a case study. We analyzed 19 parks and found that comprehensive parks and sports parks obtained high evaluation scores. The area of fitness facilities in Baoji urban parks was low, with an average of 1.85 hm2 per park. Professional sports venues and multifunctional sports venues each accounted for about one-third and children’s activity venues for about a quarter. There were many national fitness stations, but they covered a small area. Only 16% of parks had fitness trails, which was the least represented type of fitness facility. About 40% of the parks had children’s activity venues, with a 1:2 ratio of PA venue to amusement area. The area of free open venues accounted for only 0.1% of the total area of the parks. The number of parks per capita was about 52% of the overall NEGCs, accessibility of 500 m was 34%, and of 1000 m was about 54%. Overall, we found that the supply of Baoji urban parks was insufficient. These results directly reflect differences among fitness facilities in urban parks and can help form a quantitative basis for the optimization of urban park systems and advance the national fitness plan and promote public health.

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8

Glenn, Susan, Brian Chapman, Rebecca Rudman, and Ian Butler. "Biogeography of Mammals in Rocky Mountain National Parks." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (January 1, 1991): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.2953.

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The equilibrium theory of island biogeography proposes that on an island of a given area, there exists an equilibrium number of species when the rates of immigration and local extinction of species are equal (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). This theory has been applied to park systems because parks may act as functional islands when surrounding unprotected land is cleared of natural vegetation. Alteration of these surrounding habitats isolates these parks and reduces the effective area, causing a decrease in the equilibrium number of species. In animal communities, this process is called faunal collapse (Soule et al. 1979).The effects of park isolation and faunal collapse have been studied for mammals in Rocky Mountain parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986, Glenn and Nudds 1989). In western U.S. parks, extinctions were more numerous in smaller or older parks (Newmark 1987). Area, topographic diversity, and habitat diversity have been correlated with mammal species richness in western North American parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986). Initial population size was also related to the extinction probability of a species (Newmark 1986). It has been proposed that all parks in a region are subject to similar factors influencing local extinctions, and therefore a similar suite of species should become locally extinct in all parks (Patterson and Atmar 1986, Patterson 1987). This means that a nested subset pattern is produced, where parks with low species richness contain mainly species already present in parks with high species richness. This pattern was not found for Canadian parks, where even small parks contained different species assemblages (Glenn 1990). The objectives of this three-year study are to: (i) identify mammal species that have become locally extinct in each of the Rocky Mountain National Parks; (ii) distinguish between hypotheses regarding the causes of these local extinctions in National Parks; (iii) determine if the same species become locally extinct in all parks; and (iv) identify potential sites for future protection of species prone to extinction.

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9

Kőszegi, Margit, Alena Gessert, Janetta Nestorová-Dická, Péter Gruber, and Zsolt Bottlik. "Social assessment of national parks through the example of the Aggtelek National Park." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 71, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.71.2.4.

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Karst areas, which are less involved in productive activities are often declared protected areas that can have a positive impact on the lives of the local communities. To verify this hypothesis, we examine karst areas, where national parks have been established to preserve mostly geological but also biological values. According to the threefold system of objectives in national parks, not only protection and conservation, but also the presentation of the natural values to the outside world is important. Thus, tourism and related services are essential and often exclusive economic activities in these protected areas. Our questions are how national parks appear in the daily lives of the local communities and how much locals perceive the beneficial effects of national parks. The selected area of our study is the Gömör-Torna / Gemer-Turňa Karst on the Hungarian-Slovak border, where national parks have been established on both side of the border (Aggtelek National Park in Hungary and Slovak Karst National Park in Slovakia) to preserve karst landforms and caves. We conducted structured interviews with leaders of settlements in and around the national park. Interviews reveal the ambivalent system of everyday relationships. Local communities are experiencing multiple conflicts with national parks. The conflicts stem from the contrast that usually occurs within the threefold system of objectives of national parks (the tension between the practice of protection/preservation and presentation). Locals are negatively affected by the presence of national park as an authority, which limits to some extent their economic activities. They perceive national parks as barriers that prevents them from building a more diversified economy, so the existence of the national park is seen by the majority as a disadvantage rather than an advantage. Some people even question the need to protect nature, which can be seen as a legacy of the former socialist regime. Thus, we conclude that there is a need to change the attitudes of local communities more positive towards nature conservation.

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10

Mantell, Michael, Daniel H. Janzen, and F. William Burley. "Can National Parks Survive?" BioScience 36, no. 8 (September 1986): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310144.

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11

Brotherton, Ian. "Were National parks inevitable?" Landscape Research 11, no. 3 (December 1986): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426398608706210.

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12

Ferguson, Murray P. "National parks for Scotland?" Scottish Geographical Magazine 104, no. 1 (April 1988): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369228818736727.

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13

Chauhan, Sumi K. "National Parks Vs Natives." Tourism Recreation Research 10, no. 1 (January 1985): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.1985.11014372.

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14

Dou, Yaquan, Changhao Wu, and Youjun He. "Public Concern and Awareness of National Parks in China: Evidence from Social Media Big Data and Questionnaire Data." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032653.

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The high quality development of national parks plays an important role in promoting the formation of a reasonable, moderate and orderly land space protection pattern and building a harmonious coexistence of human and nature. However, a lack of public participation has limited the development of high-quality national parks in China. Understanding public concern and awareness of national parks is necessary for promoting greater public participation. This paper provides insight into this problem by combining Weibo and questionnaire survey data, then uses a combination of text mining, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) theme model, and descriptive statistics to analyze the current state of public concern and awareness of national parks. By analyzing Weibo data, we find: (1) Public concern for national parks is increasing year by year. (2) More economically developed regions may pay more attention to national parks. (3) Public concern for national parks focuses on the construction of national parks in other countries and the institutional reform and ecotourism of national parks in China. Meanwhile, we also find that: (1) Most of the public are willing to actively pay attention to the construction of national parks. (2) The public is not yet fully aware of national parks in China; for example, the number of national parks, their construction, and other issues are still not widely known. (3) Public awareness of the construction goals, functional positioning, and other issues are not generally understood. To sum up, there is still much room for the public to improve their control and awareness of national parks. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to improve the public’s concern with and awareness of national parks, which can promote public participation in their development. This study will be important for sustainable development of the natural reserve system and global biodiversity protection in China.

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Jovičić, Dobrica, and Vanja Ivanović. "TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL PARKS." Tourism and hospitality management 10, no. 3-4 (December 2004): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.10.3-4.7.

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Tourism in national parks is a specific paradox. It can cause great damage to vital values o f national parks, especially if not managed properly, but it can also bring great benefits. In some national parks there are simply so many visitors in certain parts, or at particular times, that nature - and the quality o f the visitor's experience - suffers. Also, tourist facilities often conflict with conservation aims and spoil natural landscapes. On the other hand, if planned and managed for sustainability, tourism can be very positive force, bringing benefits to protected areas and local communities alike. Tourism will be welcome in or near national parks if it respects special character o f the area, such as tourism based on appreciating nature, cultural and educational tourism, and quiet small-scale or small group activities; and if it causes minimal damage, disturbance or pollution. It can justify establishing protected areas in marginal regions, and can lead to revival in local economy and traditional cultures. Techniques for managing tourism in sensitive environment, with national parks included, are now generally better known; though they often cost time and money, the income which tourism generates can help offset the costs. Also, tourism development can be linked to craft industry’ and alternative employment of farms producing elements o f sustainable rural economy.

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16

Uzmay, Asya Ece. "Landscapes and national imagination: The role of national parks in the formation of national belonging in Turkey." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 12001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196312001.

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When the concept of a national park idea was first established in the USA, it was promoted as the ownership of the landscape for the use of the people while emphasizing national identity through nature. As a latecomer to this movement, this paper describes part of the journey of the establishment of national parks in Turkey, with a focus on the period between 1950 and 1975. In this paper I argue that the national parks were a means of constructing a national identity through the transformative power of modernism on the countryside. Focusing on different national parks from Turkey, I interrogated the role of these so-called pristine and primitive lands in the construction of national identity through different forms. Under the threat of neoliberal economic policies and new approaches to understanding of nature these protected and reserved pieces of “nature” deserve more attention.

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17

Jeong, Eunseong, Taesoo Lee, Alan Dixon Brown, Sara Choi, and Minyoung Son. "Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168321.

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Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

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Miazek, Piotr. "Causes of Variations in the Scale of Tourism in Polish National Parks." Turyzm/Tourism 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.30.1.19.

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National parks are among the most frequently visited tourist places in Poland. Every year, millions of tourists travel to spend time there and their number is constantly rising. National parks take nearly 30% of all domestic tourism. However, the number of people visiting individual national parks strongly varies. Some parks are visited by millions, others by only several thousand. The article is an attempt to indicate the main causes of the varying number of tourists visiting national parks. By analysing individual features of tourism in specific national parks, especially in those where the differences are most visible, the author attempts to distinguish aspects which may explain this phenomenon.

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Yandle, Tracy, Douglas S. Noonan, and Beth Gazley. "Philanthropic Support of National Parks." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 45, no. 4_suppl (July 9, 2016): 134S—155S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016643612.

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Ostrom’s social-ecological systems (SES) framework infrequently has been applied to civil society research. But its focus on collective action may help explain why some national parks are more successful at attracting philanthropic resources to supplement stagnant public funding. We examine two types of charitable supporting organizations: “Friends of” Groups (FOGs), which typically emphasize fundraising, and Cooperating Associations (CAs), which typically emphasize visitor support. We identify their partnership patterns across more than 300 national park units. Our findings suggest that FOGs and CAs fill different niches. CAs are drawn to more popular parks or memorials, and FOGs are found in parks with smaller budgets or offering fewer activities. Actor characteristics play a secondary role in explaining nonprofit incidence. The holistic approach of the SES perspective demonstrates the importance of connecting resource systems to institutional settings and actor attributes.

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WESTON, JOE, JOHN GLASSON, ELIZABETH WILSON, and ANDREW CHADWICK. "MORE THAN LOCAL IMPACTS: AGGREGATE QUARRYING IN THE NATIONAL PARKS OF ENGLAND AND WALES." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 01, no. 02 (June 1999): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333299000181.

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Aggregate quarrying plays an important role in the local economy of the UK's national parks, providing local jobs and expenditure on local services. There are also adverse local impacts from traffic, dust, noise and blasting. However, it is the status of the parks as crucial features of the nation's landscape capital that increases the significance of localised landscape impacts to a level which outweighs any benefits that quarrying provides. This article is based upon commissioned research into the impact of quarrying on the national parks and assesses those impacts against the functions of the parks as nationally important designated landscapes.

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Nekrasova, M. A., and V. S. Palagin. "Ecosystem of national parks business models: national and international contexts." Information and Innovations 18, no. 2 (August 6, 2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31432/1994-2443-2023-18-2-22-32.

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In the last 10 years, the Russian Federation has faced unprecedented sanctions from the international community, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These challenges required rapid intensification and restructuring of the national economy. In the current situation, one of the main tasks is “to ensure economic growth rates above the world ones while maintaining macroeconomic stability.” The territory of the Russian Federation is characterized by a high tourist and recreational potential. National parks can act as a driver for the development of both internal and inbound tourism. Creating a sustainable ecosystem of business models for the interaction of national parks and regions, while complying with all the requirements of environmental legislation for national parks, can make a significant contribution to the achievement of regional and national goals of socio[1]economic and sustainable development. The introduction of the concepts of “smart”, “high-biotech”, “thrifty” into the business strategy for the development of the national park will contribute to the growth of the contribution to the development of climate projects, high-biotech start-ups, environmental, sustainable, agro-tourism, digitalization of the region’s economy while maintaining biodiversity and environmental functions. The research methodology included a systematic approach, expert and context analysis, logical-graphic and other research methods. As a result of the study, priority factors of the national and international contexts were identified, necessary and sufficient for the development of a sustainable ecosystem of business models for national parks.

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22

Feng, Sida, Hyunseok Park, and Fang Han. "What Indicators Are Shaping China’s National World-Class High-Tech Zones? Constructing a Feature Indicator System Based on Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2023): 10690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910690.

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China’s high-tech parks have significant effects on driving national ecological innovation. Among them, ten world-class high-tech parks represent the highest level of development in China’s high-tech industry. Understanding the development characteristics of national world-class high-tech parks is of great significance for guiding the construction of other parks and achieving the high-quality development of parks. Based on the evaluation data of over 200 indicators of national high-tech parks from 2013 to 2017, this study used the XGBoost classic machine learning algorithm to select the characteristic indicators of national world-class high-tech parks and establish an evaluation indicator system, and it identified four primary indicators of the world-class high-tech parks, including innovation development, enterprise development, international development, and economic development. The indicators cover 30 important sub-indicators and highlight the importance of innovation resource input indicators, such as “use of technology activity funding from government departments”, “full-time equivalent of R&D personnel”, and “financial technology expenditure in high-tech parks”. Compared to the expert analysis, the application of the machine learning method in the evaluation of national high-tech parks improves the efficiency of selecting important indicators and makes the selection results more objective. The results of this research provide a reference value for guiding and promoting national high-tech parks to become world-class parks.

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23

Alemu, Molla Mekonnen. "Environmental Role of National Parks." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (December 3, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n1p1.

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The natural ecosystems are endangered due to human behavior; the razing of forests is diminishing the world’s oxygen supply and potentially irreplaceable natural resources. Wetlands are being drained, eliminating breeding environments for millions of birds and reproducing grounds for fish; cherished fauna and flora species are being endangered from extinction. Clean water, clean air, access to food sources, buffers of weather events, cultural and spiritual values, and raw materials for consumers, are some of the ecosystem services that ensure the well-being of humanity. Well-managed protected areas are a proven mechanism in the protection and conservation of healthy ecosystems and the services they provide. National Parks are essentially planned to shelter the lasting "wilderness" of a given country and have principally dedicated on the maintenance of extraordinary areas or emblematic species. This paper is aimed at exploring the environmental role of national parks by having an extensive literature review and come up with recommendations which can help the conservation of national parks.

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Styperek, Jarosław. "Marked Tourist Paths in Polish National Parks." Turyzm/Tourism 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2001): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.11.1.03.

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The article presents the current condition of marked tourist paths, one of the elements of tourist infrastructure in national parks. The author has made a comparative analysis of the length and density of such paths in all the Polish national parks. He also presents the concept known as a ‘system of linear recreational accessibility’ which allows the connectivity and pattern of the marked path network in individual parks to be described.

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Wang, Li, Guodong Wang, Xiaohong Hou, Zhiwei Chen, and Kai Lu. "Attractiveness index of national marine parks: A study on national marine parks in coastal areas of East China Sea." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0364.

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Abstract Balancing the development and protection of national marine parks in a suitable way is of great SIGNIFICANCE for environmental sustainability. Tourism attractiveness is an important indicator for measuring this development. In this study, by searching through online reviews of the national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea, and by analyzing tourists’ perceptions of them, an indicator system for tourism attraction was established. Natural attributes, supporting facilities, service experience, and tours were taken as secondary indicators. This study combines the analytic hierarchy process with questionnaires to calculate the attractiveness index of national marine parks. The study finds that national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea have a higher level of tourist satisfaction and attractiveness, but that more attention needs to be paid to supporting facilities, as tourists currently find them insufficient. Among these, natural attributes are an important factor affecting the attractiveness of the marine parks, while special cuisine, customer experience, public transportation, and attitudes are all indicators with higher weight within the attractiveness index. The tourism attractiveness of national marine parks was investigated quantitatively and the indicators affecting the tourism attractiveness index were illustrated clearly.

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Capps, Denny M. "The role of glaciers and glacier research in the development of U. S. national parks." Earth Sciences History 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-36.2.337.

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ABSTRACT U.S. national parks and glacier research are inextricably linked. They are also an integral part of our history and cultural identity. For example, John Muir studied glaciers at Yosemite, Glacier Bay, and other future park areas. He measured glacier movement and recognized signs of past glaciations. Most U.S. glacier research now occurs in national parks due to the areas that they protect. Of the approximately 75,000 km2 of glacier coverage in the U.S., only 683 km2 lies outside of Alaska. Glaciers covering an area of 43,745 km2 are wholly or partly enclosed within nine Alaskan parks. 29,041 km2 occur in Wrangell-St. Elias alone. The relationship of national parks and glaciers is not mere chance. As Robert Sterling Yard said, “Geology is the anatomy of scenery”. Glaciers are responsible for the scenery and habitat of many national parks from Glacier to Glacier Bay. Here, I highlight past contributions from glacier researchers in national parks and how glaciers have shaped the foundations of many national parks.

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Sidi, M. Adli Mohd, Badli Esham Ahmad, Chong Leong Puan, Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor, Kalam Azad Isa, Wan Mohd Norsyam, and Nik Jazwiri Johannis. "Recreational Risks: Human and Wildlife Conflicts at Johor National Parks, Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1019, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1019/1/012007.

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Abstract National parks are significant ecotourism destinations providing various nature attractions in a form of biological, physical and/or historical resources. However, risk issues associated with recreational activities in national parks are becoming more pertinent and crucial as safety and threats to humans and wildlife can occur. This study was conducted to identify the risks for human and wildlife for visitors at tropical rainforests, marine parks, and coastal mangroves of Johor National Park. It is a qualitative study and data was collected through semi structured interviews with the National Park Managers, Former National Park Managers, and Instructors of Johor National Park. The study found that snakebite is the main concern for tropical rainforest and coastal mangroves category of national parks while hazardous marine species are the main risk for marine parks. The findings have shown that the risk of human and wildlife conflicts exist at all these three categories of national parks. Visitors’ negligence with the existence of dangerous wildlife may cause serious injury if no preventive measures are taken. The risk of human and wildlife conflict should be managed smartly to reduce the risks and ensure the sustainable development of the national parks.

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Desmiwati, NFN, and NFN Surati. "Efforts to resolve the problem of forest area conservation on the national park in the island of Sumatra." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2017.vol6iss2pp135-146.

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In the frame of the implementation of good forest management, the certainty of the factually and legally forest area it is needed in order in order to have solid legal foundation. This means the stability on forest boundary areas it is required. This study aimed to carry out scrutiny of the stability of 11 national parks areas in Sumatra, and to recognize the development of stabilization of national parks. The study is conducted in 11 national parks in Sumatra consisting of 7 national parks as conservation forest management unit (CFMU) and 4 parks are not CFMU. The analysis approach used for the research was qualitative descriptive. The results showed that out of 11 national parks only 27.27% which has been structuring the outer boundary from end to end, meanwhile 72.72% have not done. This is because there are some boundaries areas that will be regulated still have problems with the community. Zonation structuring has been conducted by 10 National Park (90.91%) but 1 TN (9.09 have not done the zonation structuring yet). There are some national parks has not been define the boundary properly. Out of number of issues, some efforts that need to be done are to clarify boundary markers on the national parks that can be recognized by all stakeholders, the the acceleration of zone marking and carried out in accordance with the interests of all stakeholders, as well as the need for community involvement in the management of national parks.

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Muhumuza, Moses, and Kevin Balkwill. "Factors Affecting the Success of Conserving Biodiversity in National Parks: A Review of Case Studies from Africa." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (August 14, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/798101.

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National Parks are a cornerstone for biodiversity conservation in Africa. Two approaches are commonly used to sustain biodiversity in National Parks. Past and current studies show that both approaches are generally ineffective in conserving biodiversity in National Parks in Africa. However, there are a handful of cases where these approaches have been successful at conserving biodiversity in National Parks. The question this paper attempts to answer is why in some cases these approaches have been successful and in other cases they have failed. A metadata analysis of 123 documents on case studies about conservation of biodiversity in National Parks in Africa was conducted. A series of search engines were used to find papers for review. Results showed that all factors responsible for both the success and failure of conserving biodiversity in National Parks in various contexts were socioeconomic and cultural in nature. The highest percentage in both successful case studies (66%) and unsuccessful cases studies (55%) was associated with the creation and management of the park. These results suggest that future conservation approaches in National Parks in Africa should place more emphasis on the human dimension of biodiversity conservation than purely scientific studies of species and habitats in National Parks.

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Gyarmathy, István, and Zoltán Kolláth. "Hortobágy National Park." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 19, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v19i1.60.

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National parks and protected areas have an important role in protecting starry sky and the undisturbed nighttime environment. Hortobágy which is one of the darkest areas in Hungary, became an International Dark Sky Parks recently. Its significance is mostly related to the protection of the high biodiversity which is endangered by the effects of light pollution. A special monitoring program has been started to survey the nocturnal species and also to monitor the quality of the night sky using digital cameras. Stargazing night walks are frequently organized. There is a high interest by the general public to attend these night adventures.

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Holle, Ronald L., William A. Brooks, and Kenneth L. Cummins. "Lightning Occurrence and Casualties in U.S. National Parks." Weather, Climate, and Society 13, no. 3 (July 2021): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0155.1.

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AbstractNational park visitors travel primarily to view natural features while outdoors; however, visits often occur in warmer months when lightning is present. This study uses cloud-to-ground flashes from 1999 to 2018 and cloud-to-ground strokes from 2009 to 2018 from the National Lightning Detection Network to identify lightning at the 46 contiguous United States national parks larger than 100 km2. The largest density is 6.10 flashes per kilometer squared per year within Florida’s Everglades, and the smallest is near zero in Pinnacles National Park. The six most-visited parks are Great Smoky Mountains, Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountain, Zion, Yosemite, and Yellowstone. For each of these parks, lightning data are described by frequency and location as well as time of year and day. The four parks west of the Continental Divide have most lightning from 1 July to 15 September and from 1100 to 1900 LST. Each park has its own spatial lightning pattern that is dependent on local topography. Deaths and injuries from lightning within national parks have the same summer afternoon dominance shown by lightning data. Most casualties occur to people visiting from outside the parks’ states. The most common activities and locations are mountain climbing, hiking, and viewing canyons from overlooks. Lightning fatality risk, the product of areal visitor and CG flash densities, shows that many casualties are not in parks with high risk, while very small risk indicates parks where lightning awareness efforts can be minimized. As a result, safety advice should focus on specific locations such as canyon rims, mountains, and exposed high-altitude roads where lightning-vulnerable activities are engaged in by many visitors.

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An, Le Thanh, Janusz Markowski, Maciej Bartos, Agnieszka Rzenca, and Piotr Namiecinski. "An evaluation of destination attractiveness for nature-based tourism: Recommendations for the management of national parks in Vietnam." Nature Conservation 32 (March 5, 2019): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.32.30753.

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National parks are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the development of nature-based tourism destinations that promote effective management of natural resources and socioeconomic development. The paper was designed to evaluate the tourism attractiveness and performance of national parks in Vietnam. The tourism performance of 30 Vietnamese national parks was evaluated using multiple criteria decision analysis with the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) method; thirteen national park attributes were used to determine tourism attractiveness, measured by an exponential weighted acceptability index. It was found that the Phong Nha – Ke Bang, Cuc Phuong, and Ba Be National Parks were most attractive for more than 95% of all possible preference structures. In addition, 12 non-dominated national parks were identified, and for an average supporter of most non-dominated protected areas, the trail criterion appears to be the most important. A statistically significant correlation was found between tourism attractiveness and the number of tourists who visited national parks. Our findings offer potentially useful information for decision makers in developing effective tourism marketing and management strategies for national parks in Vietnam.

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Roe, Alan. "The Forest in the Metropolis: Elk Island (Losinyi Ostrov) National Park and the Disappointments of the Russian National Park Movement." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 45, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-20181303.

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A 116 square-kilometer section of forest in the northwest part of Moscow, Elk Island National Park (Losynyi ostrov) became Russia’s first in 1983. Russian environmentalists became enamored with national parks through increased interaction with Western colleagues, Russian environmentalists, including the supporters of Elk Island National Park, asserted that the USSR’s lack of national parks demonstrated that Russian environmental protection efforts lagged behind the West. This strategy was successful in pushing the government to establish national parks, including Elk Island. However, Russian environmentalists have had much less success in convincing government officials to support, protect, and develop national parks, even as they frequently asserted that its failure to do so cast Russia in a bad light before the international community. Because of its highly visible location in Moscow, Elk Island’s struggles have been a particularly painful reminder for Russian environmentalists of the Russian Federation’s seeming disinterest in national parks.

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Huang, Wei, Shizhu Lu, and Yuqing Guo. "Measuring the Perceived Heterogeneity of Cultural Ecosystem Services in National Cultural Parks: Evidence from China." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 12, 2023): 9428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129428.

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National cultural parks are a new form of tourism in China. These parks focus on cultural heritage. Many studies have examined the cultural ecosystem services (CESs) that parks provide from visitors’ perspectives. However, there needs to be more research on the perceived heterogeneity of CESs among different social groups, especially residents, and the relationship between the supply and demand of CESs. This study uses visitor-employed photographs to reveal the landscape features offered by national cultural parks. This study also analyses the relationship between landscape elements in national cultural parks and CESs, as well as the heterogeneity of users’ perceptions of CESs. The results show that the resident group and visitor group agree on the importance of a sense of place in national cultural parks. However, there are differences between the two groups regarding their perceptions of inspiration, recreation, cultural heritage, and social relations in the parks. Residents are most concerned with the parks’ sense of place and social relations. In contrast, visitors are more interested in inspiration, recreation, heritage, and a sense of place. This study highlights the different needs of residents and visitors from the CESs provided by national cultural parks. It also provides insights for the landscape planning and ecotourism management of cultural heritage-type parks.

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Balharry, R., and A. Runte. "National Parks. The American Experience." Journal of Applied Ecology 25, no. 2 (August 1988): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403871.

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Lopoukhine, Nikita. "Resource Management in National Parks." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61374-5.

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Mercer, Ian, and R. G. Wright. "National Parks as Test Beds." Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 7, no. 3 (May 1998): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997382.

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38

Baker, Beth. "Washington Watch: National Parks Legislation." BioScience 47, no. 2 (February 1997): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1313017.

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Hödl, Claudia, and Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider. "Geocaching in Austrian National Parks." eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 9, no. 2 (2017): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-9-2s42.

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Orellana, Claudia. "Herbicides Threaten Colombia's National Parks." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2, no. 4 (May 2004): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868304.

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41

Coslett, Daniel E., and Manish Chalana. "National Parks for New Audiences." Public Historian 38, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2016.38.4.101.

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Changing sociocultural and historiographic contexts require new approaches to interpretation and presentation at National Park Service–administered sites. Through the study of two NPS parks in Washington State (San Juan Island National Historical Park and Whitman Mission National Historic Site), this article explores the agency’s interpretive programs and practices in relation to founding mandates and contemporary relevance. As demonstrated by these case studies, efforts to expand programming and presentations within the NPS system are ongoing but at present insufficient in light of current changes in demographics and visitation. Ultimately, for the NPS to remain relevant in the twenty-first century it must respect founding mandates but diversify interpretation of its parks’ contested histories, thereby enhancing its contemporary relevance and better engaging today’s audiences.

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Fixico, Donald L., Robert H. Keller, and Michael F. Turek. "American Indians and National Parks." Journal of American History 88, no. 2 (September 2001): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675183.

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Spence, Mark, Robert H. Keller, and Michael F. Turek. "American Indians & National Parks." Western Historical Quarterly 30, no. 3 (1999): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971401.

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Fisher, Andrew H., Robert Keller, and Michael F. Turek. "American Indians and National Parks." Environmental History 4, no. 3 (July 1999): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985146.

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Demars, Stanford E. "Romanticism and American National Parks." Journal of Cultural Geography 11, no. 1 (September 1990): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08873639009478434.

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Ruaro, Renata, William Laurance, and Roger Paulo Mormul. "Brazilian national parks at risk." Science 367, no. 6481 (February 27, 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0926.

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Dempsey, Shawna, and Lorri Millan. "LESBIAN NATIONAL PARKS AND SERVICES." Performance Research 16, no. 2 (June 2011): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2011.578723.

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Dilsaver, Lary M. "Research Perspectives on National Parks." Geographical Review 99, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2009.tb00430.x.

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Bonnicksen, Thomas M., and Edward C. Stone. "Restoring naturalness to national parks." Environmental Management 9, no. 6 (November 1985): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01867322.

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E.D.,. "National Parks of Western Europe." Biological Conservation 34, no. 1 (1985): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(85)90058-8.

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