Journal articles on the topic 'National parks and reserves – Social aspects'
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1
Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja, and Agnieszka Pawłowska. "The Possibilities of Open-Cast Mining in Landscape Parks in Poland—A Case Study." Resources 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9100122.
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Landscape parks are one of the most important tools for nature conservation in Europe. Cultural landscape protection, coupled in particular with rural tradition of land use plays a very important role. A common feature of these popular protected areas is the fact that they are established legally, in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. Activities carried out in the landscape parks are not entirely subservient to nature conservation. This makes them different from national parks and natural reserves. In Poland, landscape parks together with their buffer zones cover more than 13% of the country’s territory, which frequently causes conflicts among mining entrepreneurs and limits their activities. Mining in landscape parks in Poland is not forbidden by domestic law; however, detailed guidelines in this respect are determined by the assembly of a given province. Additionally, the process of applying for an extraction licence could be burdened with the threat of social protests, which may result in extending it by many years, and because of which a project may fail to be completed. Optimal solutions to these obstacles are already proposed by “Czatkowice” Limestone Mine (Małopolska Province). This case study presents an efficient practice of a smooth and effective decision-making process of obtaining a new mining licence in a landscape park. It also outlines certain aspects of the social licence to operate (SLO) as well as some appropriate methods of acting in complicated environments and spatial conditions.
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Ma, Ben, Yuqian Zhang, Yilei Hou, and Yali Wen. "Do Protected Areas Matter? A Systematic Review of the Social and Ecological Impacts of the Establishment of Protected Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 4, 2020): 7259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197259.
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There is growing interest in evaluating the effects of establishing protected areas (PAs). However, the mechanisms through which the establishment of PAs achieved significant positive effects remain unclear, and how different conservation mechanisms have achieved significant positive social and ecological benefits has also not been sufficiently studied. In this study, we systematically reviewed exemplary cases from Asia, Africa, and South America, using panel data to assess the conservation effectiveness of nature reserves and national parks. By surveying 629 literature samples reported in 31 studies, we found that the establishment of PAs has positive influences on poverty reduction, family incomes, household expenditure, employment, forest cover, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and a reduction in forest fragmentation. Furthermore, we analyzed the specific aspects that influence the publication of a paper in a high-impact journal. We found that publication is more likely when the research uses panel data, matching methods of data analysis, large samples, and plots or PAs as research units and has significant evaluation results. Our results suggest that future studies should use panel data and matching method analysis to assess the impacts of PAs from multiple perspectives and focus on the effectiveness of specific conservation mechanisms in achieving positive effects.
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Wells, Michael P. "The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (December 1996): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039187.
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SummarySouth Africa contains an extensive, well-managed protected area network which generates considerable economic benefits from tourism, but the extensive land and financial resources required by the parks and reserves are difficult to reconcile with the acute social and economic development needs of poor rural people with very limited access to any kind of resources. Local communities have incurred substantial costs from the establishment of these parks while receiving few benefits in return. National and provincial governments, as well as the conservation authorities, have now recognized that the long-term future of parks and reserves depends on taking effective steps to redress the local imbalance of benefits and costs. Integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) are beginning to test a range of specific measures to increase local community participation in the benefits from protected areas. Parks have considerable resources and expertise which they can use to support local development through ICDPs, although it would be unrealistic to expect parks to solve widespread rural poverty amongst their neighbours. Instead, park authorities should take the lead in forming partnerships to mobilize the combined resources and expertise of other national and provincial government agencies, NGOs and the private sector, as well as the local communities themselves. Community participation in wildlife tourism may best be achievable through joint ventures with the private sector or park management authorities.
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Azarova, I. "LEGISLATIVE AND NORMATIVE METHODS OF ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN UKRAINE." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 19 (October 3, 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.19.2019.13.
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Sustainable development is quite popular scientific concept in a recent time, which formed the basis of the Ukrainian regional development strategic planning and regulation of urban development activities. However, the meth-odological basis for assessing the sustainability of the territorial development is still not developed and formalized enough. Methods for assessing the sustainability of territorial systems development in the economic, environmental and social spheres are still uncertain.Therefore, selected purpose of the study is an analysis of the existing methods of environmental assessment of the territorial development set forth in the legislative and regulatory documents, with further determination of the their suitability for conducting an assessment of the territorial development based on the sustainable development concept, which will form the scientific novelty of this study. To achieve this goal, the legislative and regulatory framework analysis was carried out in the field of territorial development, the main regulatory documents were identified. Subsequently, the definition of ecological assessment and its purpose for each of these basic documents was analyzed, environmental assessment methods and their application suitability for the environmental assessment of the territorial development based of the sustainable development concept were considered. It is concluded, that the environmental assessment methods proposed in these documents have numerous signifi-cant shortcomings when used for ecological assessment of the territorial development sustainability. There is no any formalized methodology for determining the sustainability of the relevant systems development in considered legisla-tive and regulatory documents. There is also an intersection of proposed environmental assessment methods with social and economic assessments. The optimality justifies of the adopted project decisions set issuing exclusively from the environmental and sanitary legislation requirements is incorrect in terms of sustainable development. The conclusion based on the obtained results was made about the need to improve the environmental assessment methods in their abil-ity of sustainable development concept implementation. The assessment of the current territorial state in the economic, social and environmental spheres must be carried out separately from each other while regional development strategies forms on the basis of sustainable development. It will pro-vide further assess of each sphere development balance and form a strategy direction for additional needed measures.Carrying environmental assessment, the strategy analysis for compliance with legislative and regulatory con-straints is insufficient in terms of the sustainable development concept. The assessment of environmental impacts should be carried out both for negative aspects and for positive, where the last are not normalized. Conclusions based on the negative environmental impacts absence are insufficient to consider strategies for developing such territories, as national parks or nature reserves. Therefore, the existing indicators system of environmental pollution levels by human activity as a basis for ecological assessment needs to be finalized, since it does not allow measuring the positive effects of some nature-recovery projects on the environment. Finally, it is necessary to formalize in legislative and regulatory documents the methods for the integrated sustainabil-ity assessment as a basis for consideration of alternative concepts for the territorial development. Formation and implementa-tion of appropriate methods can be selected as a direction for further research by the author on the chosen topic.
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Schelhas, John. "The USA national parks in international perspective: have we learned the wrong lesson?" Environmental Conservation 28, no. 4 (December 2001): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000327.
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A highly polarized debate has emerged in the conservation literature about whether national parks in lesser developed countries should follow a strict protectionist model or find ways to accommodate the development and livelihood needs of local people. A number of social science critiques of national park practice and policy in lesser developed countries have argued that one of the chief problems facing national parks in particular, and biodiversity conservation in general, has been the USA national park model, often termed the ‘Yellowstone model’. This model, in which local and indigenous people and uses have been excluded from parks, has been blamed for harming local people, providing benefits to developed country interests at the expense of local people, high costs of park protection, and ineffective biodiversity conservation (Machlis & Tichnell 1985; West & Brechin 1991; Pimbert & Pretty 1995). Alternatives (henceforth referred to as ‘parks and people’ approaches) seek accommodations between parks and local people, and include community-based conservation, which promotes local involvement and/or control in park decision-making, and integrated conservation and development projects, which attempt to ensure conservation by meeting social and economic needs of local people through agroforestry, forestry, tourism, water projects, extractive reserves, and wildlife utilization.
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Zhang, Wan Yi, and Min He. "On the Planning and Construction of Wetland Park." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.185.
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The paper explains the formation, development process, connotation and characteristics, so as to make it clear that the Wetland Parks are important for the utilization and protection of wetland. The paper also explains in detail the principles, direction and major points of the planning and construction of Wetland Parks. Then finally the writer’s suggestions for the construction of Wetland Park are expressed, and the future of Wetland Park is predicted. More and more widespread concern and attention has been attracted to wetland for its unique and important ecological, social and economic functions. Our country is strengthening the construction of wetland nature reserves, while we actively encourage the local to construct multifunctional Wetland Parks. Wetland Park, cultivates natural assets and expands environmental capacity. It functions in wetland ecosystem services in variety aspects, while it meets the needs of economic development of human society. At the same time, planning and construction of Wetland Parks is the effective and innovative means to create a good urban living environment.
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Kosheliuk, T. V. "FEATURES OF FUNCTIONAL ZONING NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS IN UKRAINE." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391919.
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National natural parks, as one of the forms of nature conservation objects, best reflect the modern concept of the social role of protected areas, according to which the latter are not excluded from the sphere of economic use, but indirectly included in it in qualitatively new forms, in particular, through maintenance of the ecological balance in regions, preservation of specificity and use of ecosystem properties. Unlike nature reserves, national parks play an overwhelming role, while simultaneously combining the environmental and environmental objectives and the social plan. The article presents an analysis of the current state of functional zoning of national natural parks. This problem is very relevant at the present time because of the limited amount of research and data that can be relied on. Another legislative problem is the lack of a unified system for distributing territories between zones. National parks vary in their ratio and quantity in different ways. This problem for modern environmental activities is one of the key, based on the fact that functional zones are not only referred to differently, but also perform excellent functions. The author conducts research on the process of development of functional zoning, his scientific substantiation at the stage of the project organization of the territory of national natural parks. Comparable methods and approaches to the functional zoning of national parks. An example of jurisprudence is presented regarding the occurrence of conflict in the established boundaries of functional zones. Proposals on amendments to the current legislation are made. Functional zoning allows you to resolve conflict situations. Particularly protected natural areas traditionally perform the following functions: nature conservation, research, recreation, educational and cognitive, cultural heritage protection, and economic. The environmental function often conflicts with other target functions. The latter can be combined with each other: recreational and economic, recreational and educationalcognitive. The emergence and exacerbation of contradictions can be influenced by a number of factors: the socio-economic situation, the environmental situation, the existing types of land use and nature use. Avoid contradictions by zoning. Functional zoning reflects the spatial differentiation of environmental regimes and, after that, the differentiation of permissible and necessary activities. Specifying the mode allows you to regulate activities within each zone, determine access opportunities, optimal level of recreational load, rules of the internal order.
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Turner, Jason A., Hans de Iongh, and Emma J. Dunston-Clarke. "Assessing the Social Cohesion of a Translocated Pride of White Lions Integrated with Wild Tawny Lions in South Africa, Using Social Network Analysis." Animals 12, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151985.
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In South Africa, lions are protected in national parks and smaller fenced reserves. Translocating lions between fenced reserves, whilst necessary to maintain genetic diversity, is disruptive and can impact survivorship and pride cohesion. Critical to translocation success is pride cohesion. White lions are a natural colour variant occurring in the Greater Kruger Park Region, where anthropogenic threats eliminated this population until reintroduction in 2006. Through social network analysis (SNA), the sociality of a released pride of captive-origin white and wild tawny lions was compared to two captive-origin and wild prides of tawny lions. Social interactions and pride dynamics were recorded for each pride. For all prides, cubs and subadults were central to the play network, while adults received the most social interactions. White and wild tawny adult males initiated more social interactions than captive-origin tawny males, whilst a keystone adult female was identified in each pride. For the constructed pride, social interactions were more evenly distributed, suggesting a high level of connectedness and cohesion. This is the first study to demonstrate that captive-origin white and wild tawny lions can form a socially functional pride, suggesting that white lions would survive in the wild in the absence of anthropogenic threats.
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Dubуna, D. V., P. M. Ustymenko, and B. A. Baranovski. "Rare phytocoenotaxonomic diversity of the steppe zone of Ukraine: analysis and applied aspects." Ecology and Noospherology 33, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032201.
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Preservation of rare phytocenotic diversity is one of the priority tasks in the integral problem of biodiversity protection. The implementation of these tasks requires a transition to such principles as the use of a system of preventive/prophylactic and direct methods and modes of conservation depending on the type of vegetation and the homeostasis of plant communities. It was established that the state of rare groups of Ukraine has changed significantly over the past few decades, It is noted that the Steppe biome under the influence of a huge anthropogenic press not only underwent significant changes, but also lost its structure and regulatory properties, which led, in fact, to its destruction and the complete death of numerous elements. The purpose of the work was to compile information on the current state of rare groups in the steppe zone using data from ecological-cenotic and floristic studies, to assess their presence in the territories of biosphere and natural reserves and national natural parks in the region. Field research was carried out using classical geobotanical methods (detailed routing, establishment of test sites, geobotanical description). A critical analysis of the current rare phytocenophyte, the data of modern synphytosozological studies and the latest geobotanical information on the rare phytocenotic diversity made it possible to establish the modern rare phytocenophyte of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has 321 associations of 48 formations. The forest vegetation has only 16 associations of 3 formations. Steppe vegetation is characterized by the most numerous rare phytocenophand, which is represented by 180 associations of 19 formations, grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops and sands have 23 associations of 5 formations, 3 associations of one formation are established for swamp vegetation, halophytic vegetation is characterized by the presence of 13 associations of 5 formations. Higher aquatic vegetation is represented by 86 associations of 1 formation. Summarization of materials based on the results of geobotanical studies of rare taxa carried out in the region after the release of the state document «Green Book of Ukraine» in 2009 allowed to identify 96 associations (1 forest, 79 steppe, 7 grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops, 3 halophytic, 6 water), which are new rare associations. The levels of their representation in biosphere reserves (BZ) and nature reserves (NP) and national natural parks (NPP) have been established. They are protected in 22 nature reserve territories (NPAs) of higher categorical ranks, in particular – in 3 BZ, 6 – PZ, 13 – NPP It was concluded that the state of protection of the rare vegetation of the region is typologically and syntaxonomically representative in the PZT system of the highest sociological rank. The level of security for most rare associations is high and average, in a small number of formations it is low. A small number of rare associations are protected in only one PZT, which is insufficient. A number of protected associations are represented by small fragments or groups with a weakened edifying value of the main components.
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Bradshaw, S. D. "Albert Russell ('Bert') Main 1919 - 2009." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr10013.
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Bert Main (1919?2009)was recognized both nationally and internationally as one of Australia's leading zoologists and a gifted naturalist. His research and ecological teaching on a wide variety of animals, including frogs, reptiles, birds, insects and marsupials, laid the foundations for three generations of graduate students who were inspired by his imagination and biological insight. His foresight and energy as an administrator on government bodies also led to the creation of some of Western Australia's most important National Parks and Nature Reserves that are vital for the preservation of Australia's rich biodiversity and form part of his enduring legacy.
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Yavorska, V., I. Hevko, V. Sych, and K. Kolomiyets. "Organization of tourist and recreational activity within the objects of the natural protected fund in the Odessa region." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111862.
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The article deals with the issues of nature use in protected areas, the exploitation of objects of the nature reserve fund for recreational and tourist purposes.It is emphasized that ecotourism, which includes, first of all, orientation of tourists to the consumption of ecological resources – recreational aspect, preservation of the environment – nature protection, is an important direction of recreation within the territories of the nature reserve fund, support of the traditional way of life of the local population – social aspect. The purpose of the work is to find out the features of the present state, to determine the problems and perspectives of the organization of recreation within the natural reserve areas of the state level in the Odessa region. Recreational and tourist attraction of the region for visitors are not only a wonderful climate and water resources but also available on territory of the region objects of the nature reserve fund,among which there are 16 objects of national importance. According to the recommendation of the International Union of Conservation of Nature and Ukrainian legislation, most of the categories of objects of the nature reserve fund provide for tourist and recreational activities within their territories in specially designated areas. Thus, the Danube Biosphere Reserve and two national natural parks, «Nizhnednistrovsky» and «Tuzlovsky Limany», joined the tourists for both short–term and long–term recreation. With the purpose of ecological education, the abovementioned objects of the nature reserve fund of national importance are used to create ecological trails and organize tourist routes. Thus, the most popular water tours in the Danube Delta to the mouth of the river with a visit to the symbolic «0 km» of the Danube, as well as tours for the observation of birds. On the river Dniester are popular sport fishing trips, as well as landscape tours. On the relatively untouched coast of the Black Sea, including the territory of the national park «Tuzlovsky Limany» lies one of the most interesting and cognitive routes of the Odessa region, which includes elements of ecological, rural, ethnic and extreme tourism. It is established that at the present time, organizational and recreational activities within the protected areas of Ukraine, as well as the Odessa region are at the stage of formation, the result of which is that its economic efficiency is extremely low.
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Blanco-Cerradelo, Lidia, M. Isabel Diéguez-Castrillón, José Antonio Fraiz-Brea, and Ana Gueimonde-Canto. "Protected Areas and Tourism Resources: Toward Sustainable Management." Land 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112059.
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The protection of natural spaces is a practice that is widely used by governments or nongovernmental organizations seeking to preserve the scenic beauty of landscapes and their natural resources in spaces that stand out for their natural and cultural value and have not been heavily impacted by human activity. Proper tourism management of these spaces can promote the economic, social, and environmental development of a territory and its local communities. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of resources in the performance of protected area tourism destinations from a sustainability perspective. The information provided by the managers of 102 protected spaces in Spain (national parks, nature parks, and biosphere reserves) is analyzed. The results provide relevant information about managing resources to strengthen the sustainable performance of these spaces. The findings indicate that different types of resources affect different dimensions of sustainable performance; for instance, natural resources affect the local quality of life and the area’s sustainability, certain created resources can unite and foster local communities and support environmental sustainability, and some supporting resources can attract tourists.
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Peregrym, M., O. Vasyliuk, and E. Pénzesné Kónya. "Artificial Light at Night as a New Threat for Nature Conservation in Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0041.
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Abstract Human society benefits a lot from artificial light at night (ALAN), but in the same time it has led to a significant increase in light pollution of the night sky during the past decades. It has serious consequences on reproduction, navigation, foraging, habitat selection, communication, trophic and social interactions of the biota. Also widespread incursion of ALAN within protected areas has been evidenced for some countries, including the National Nature Parks (NNPs), Biosphere and Nature Reserves in the Steppe Zone and Crimea Mountains of Ukraine. However, the common situation with ALAN impact on protected areas within Ukraine is unclear yet. This research attempted to estimate the level of light pollution on the NNPs, Biosphere and Nature Reserves in the Forest, Forest-Steppe zones and Carpathian Mountains within Ukraine. Kmz layers of these protected areas and the New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness, through Google Earth Pro, were used to calculate the level of artificial sky brightness for 33 NNPs, 2 Biosphere Reserves and 9 Nature Reserves. The results show that majority of studied protected areas are impacted by ALAN, but some of them stay almost under the dark sky still. The situation is unique for Europe, therefore these areas have the special value for biodiversity conservation and can be recognized as refugia where natural habitats are not influenced by ALAN. Based on obtained results, recommendations for improving of nature conservation management are given in the context of ALAN problem.
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Ambinakudige, Shrinidhi. "National Parks, coffee and NTFPs: the livelihood capabilities of Adivasis in Kodagu, India." Journal of Political Ecology 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v18i1.21702.
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Protected Areas, as a conservation strategy, often constrain livelihood outcomes of groups that are less powerful, politically marginalized, and poor. At the same time, the poor often depend on a market economy that is volatile. Working on coffee plantations and the collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are the two major livelihood options available for the Adivasi indigenous community in Kodagu, India. The article identifies the institutional factors at global, regional, or local levels that influence the livelihood capabilities of Adivasis. While the creation of a National Park negatively influenced almost all aspects of the Adivasis' livelihood, labor demand on coffee farms, and NTFP collection rights outside the Park provided them with some alternative resources. But deregulation of the Indian coffee market made them more vulnerable to the market economy. The social relations between Adivasis and nearby farming communities have helped them to cope with risks to their livelihoods during crises and emergencies.Key words: Livelihoods, Coffee, NTFP, Adivasis, LAMPS, Kodagu
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Ansari, Fajri, Yoonjeong Jeong, Indra Putri, and Seong-il Kim. "Sociopsychological Aspects of Butterfly Souvenir Purchasing Behavior at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in Indonesia." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 25, 2019): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061789.
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Utilizing butterflies in souvenirs escalates their exploitation, which occurs even with protected species. Visitors affect both tourism sustainability and butterfly populations. Thus, parks must establish visitor management practices to secure tourism, including butterfly-trading activities to provide social and economic benefits, while still maintaining butterfly populations and environmental sustainability. This research examined the relationships between visitors’ motivations, environmental attitudes (deontological status, legal compliance, and political activism), and preference regarding butterfly souvenirs. Data were collected using an on-site survey of 455 respondents at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in Indonesia and analyzed using factor analysis, correlation, and logistic regression. Results showed that visitors’ motivations were divided into four categories: challenge and freedom, nature appreciation, social relationships, and escape from routine. Visitors showed high deontological status, legal compliance, and political activist attitudes, valued the attributes of butterfly souvenirs highly, and strongly preferred souvenirs with authenticity value. Significant correlations existed among motivation, attitude, and preference for butterfly souvenir attributes. Logistic regression results revealed that with more frequent visits, better souvenir quality, and higher education levels, the possibility of visitors purchasing butterfly souvenirs increased. Prior knowledge regarding regulations prohibiting protected butterfly trading diminished this possibility. This study further discusses how visitors’ sociopsychological information can be used to minimize negative impacts caused by overtourism.
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Le Khac, Dong, Ao Xuan Hoa, Luyen Nguyen Tai, Nha Thi Huynh Nguyen, and Kuaanan Techato. "Monitoring of Field Patrolling Efforts, Vietnam: Insights from a Forest Station in Pu Hu Nature Reserve." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158407.
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In the various protected areas such as nature reserves and national parks in Vietnam, ranger patrols are crucial for protecting forest resources against the increasing threats from fringe communities. Previous studies have investigated ranger patrol efforts (RPEs) in conservation areas using conventional measures in terms of illegal activities encountered, but there has been little research into indices related to RPEs in the field, both worldwide and particularly in Vietnam. This paper explores various indices of RPEs and other aspects of forest patrolling at a local level. The number of rangers and patrol-days strongly influences the distance walked and the number of patrol-hours. However, neither the rainy season nor the Lunar New Year festival had any significant effect on patrol efforts, nor was there any effect on the relative altitude covered or the speed of patrolling during the long Lunar New Year vacation. Management responsible for protecting forest areas needs to consider the full scope of rangers’ efforts and identify the qualities of motivated staff. Our findings suggested ways in which rangers’ capacity to promote conservation may be assessed in the future.
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Fernández B, Johanna, and Kirstie Robertson. "Conservation in Countries with Multiple Crisis Factors: The Case of Los Katios National Natural Park, a World Humanity Heritage in Danger." INVENTUM 6, no. 11 (November 29, 2011): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto.inventum.6.11.2011.28-40.
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Conservation biology aims to stop habitat loss and extinction of species. To achieve these goals there are several methods such as the establishment of natural reserves and national parks that in synthesis work as protected areas. However, the management of areas with high conservation priorities can be a challenge to conservation biology and all of the professionals involved in this process.The Colombian National Natural Park, Los Katios, hosts more than the 20% of Colombian biodiversity and is located in a region which is characterised as being one of the most biodiverse and endemic points on the planet. The park was declared a World Humanity Heritage Area in 1994 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and on the 8th of July 2009, the Colombian government solicited to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee the inclusion of the park on the list of World Heritage in Danger due to the pressures from illegal activities and inefficient surveillance in the area.Through the case of study of Los Katios National Natural Park, this review looks explores the extent to which the socio-economic situation and the internal crises of a country can influence the effectiveness of the conservation programs in protected areas. It also explains the relevance of National Natural Parks and the effects that some factors, such as violence; illegal crops; poverty; and environmental budget, can have on the performance of the conservation biology.This review concludes that the conservation of protected areas in countries with deep internal crises, such as in the case of Los Katios in Colombia, cannot be based solely on the fundamental conservation goals and that it is necessary to include government priorities and some strategies to counteract social issues as violence, poverty and insufficient funds when creating management plans.
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Kassam, Aneesa, and Ali Balla Bashuna. "Marginalisation of the Waata Oromo Hunter–Gatherers of Kenya: Insider and Outsider Perspectives." Africa 74, no. 2 (May 2004): 194–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.2.194.
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AbstractThis paper examines how the way of life of a little known group of hunter–gatherers, the Waata Oromo, was brought to an end through British colonial wildlife conservation laws and the creation of national parks in Kenya. Through this policy and that of the containment of ethnic groups to ‘tribal reserves’, the Waata lost their place in the regional economic system and suffered loss of cultural identity. It also meant that when Kenya gained independence, the Waata were not recognised as a distinct entity with rights to their own political representation. Instead, they became appendages of the dominant pastoral groups with which they had been associated. They were thus doubly marginalised, in both economic and political terms. The paper describes how this situation has led some Waata in northern Kenya to claim separate ethnic status. It discusses the problem from the point of view of a Waata social activist and of an anthropologist. These two perspectives raise further issues for the etic/emic debate in anthropology.
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Alekseeva, Tetiana. "The objects of Nature Reserve Fund of Poltava oblast as a factor of ecological tourism development." Scientific Herald of Chernivtsi University. Geography, no. 824 (January 30, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/geo.824.2020.48-54.
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The feature of present time is a sharp deterioration of environmental quality, so it is important to form the population with careful attitude to nature. The efficient approach of influence on the people’s consciousness is ecological tourism that is spreading in many countries. Its development in Ukraine is closely connected to environmental areas. That’s why the Nature Reserve Fund for ecological tourism development question is interesting and socially important. At one time, the contribution to the development of ecological tourism was made by domestic and foreign scientists. In this way works of A. S. Kuskov considered the main tasks of ecological tourism and requirements for work. O. Dmytruk defined principles, functions, and integration foundations of ecological tourism. V. V. Khrabovchenko studied the question of origin and development of ecological tourism and analyzed the phenomena of ecological tourism as a factor of stable development. General theoretical and practical aspects of recreational nature management in Ukraine were covered by K. Y. Kilinska, V. M. Rudenko, N. P. Anipko, N. S. Andrusiak, N. I. Konovalova. The foreign scientists B. Dzhons, R. Bakli, H. Lofman developed the conception of ecological tourism. The each region has its own specific conditionals of development of ecological tourism. Among them is the Natural Reserve Fund. The aim of this work is to study the objects of Poltava Regional Natural Reserve Fund as factors of ecological tourism development. The paper used the domestic and foreign geographical sources and methods: descriptive, analytical, synthesis, comparison, deduction, graphic, cartographic and others. Nowadays there are in existence several definitions of the concept ecological tourism. The Ukrainian scientist O. Beidyk thinks ecotourism is a recreational activity which has the least impact on the natural environment. The ecological routes are applied for different purposes: recreational, educational and upbringing, gaining the emotional impressions from communication with nature etc. The Nature Reserve Fund – is a territories and objects which have a special protective, scientific, recreational and other value. They are created for saving the natural diversity, maintaining the general ecological balance and environmental monitoring. Ukraine has 11 categories of nature-reserved objects. All of them differ in potential needed for ecological tourism development. There are 384 objects in Poltava oblast. They make up 4,95% of a the total area of the region. Among them there are 178 partial reserves, 2 national natural parks, 5 regional landscape parks, 137 natural monuments, 2 dendrological parks, 1 botanic garden. The partial reserves are one among the most numerous environmental objects of Poltava oblast. They are created to maintain the ecological balance and to save biological kinds and natural complexes. Botanical, landscape, geological, hydrological, forest partial reserves of Poltava oblast are picturesque areas around coasts of rivers where the plants are well preserved. The environmental legislation still has not provided them for recreational use. Natural monuments are a big category of environmental objects that have protective, scientific, cognitive, cultural, and recreational value. The most promising for tourism developing are complex, botanical, geological and hydrological natural monuments. They can be attracted to make ecological routes, or be used for educational and upbringing purposes. A large value for ecological tourism development has regional landscape parks that are created to save natural complexes and objects to provide the conditions for rest of population. The main functions of regional landscape parks are protective, defense the culture and history memorabilia, recreational and educational. Among of such objects Dykan regional landscape park that saves age-old broadleaf forests. The regional landscapes Kremenchuk Plains park is located within the floodplain and island of Dnipro (Zelenyi and Shalamai) has a lot of opportunities for making of ecologically oriented routes, organizing excursions for pupils and students. Protect tracts are characterized by considerable potential for development of ecological tourism, but the legislative mechanism to use them are still unregulated. The dendrological parks are made to save different kinds of trees and shrubs for the most efficient scientific, cultural, recreational, educational use. So their resources are actively attracted to organization of tourist activity. In this way, the ecological tours are done in the Ustimov dendrological park, where visitors can become familiar with its interesting history and variety of plants. So, environmental territories and objects play a big role for development of ecological tourism in Poltava oblast. The resource of national landscape parks are attracted to the most to recreational activity. The cognitive direction of ecological tourism is the most important for dendrological parks, natural monuments, botanical gardens of Poltava oblast. This gives them special educational and upbringing value. The organization of tourist activities within the protected tracts and environmental areas can still be considered (with some exceptions) as a potential task.
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Jacobs, Brent, Louise Boronyak, and Polly Mitchell. "Application of Risk-Based, Adaptive Pathways to Climate Adaptation Planning for Public Conservation Areas in NSW, Australia." Climate 7, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7040058.
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Globally, areas of high-quality wildlife habitat of significant environmental value are at risk of permanent damage from climate change. These areas represent social-ecological systems that will require increasing management intervention to maintain their biological and socio-cultural values. Managers of protected areas have begun to recognize the inevitability of ecosystem change and the need to embrace dynamic approaches to intervention. However, significant uncertainty remains about the onset and severity of some impacts, which makes planning difficult. For Indigenous communities, there are intrinsic links between cultural heritage and the conservation of place and biodiversity that need to be better integrated in protected area planning and management. In New South Wales, Australia, management of public conservation reserves and national parks is the responsibility of a State government agency, the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). This paper describes the outcomes of a participatory planning process with NPWS staff to, firstly, identify the options available, the available ‘tool kit’, to manage biodiversity and cultural heritage in protected areas; secondly, explore how the selection of management actions from the ‘tool kit’ is associated with the level of climate risk to biodiversity or cultural heritage assets; and thirdly, to understand how the form of individual management actions might adapt to changes in climate risk. Combining these three elements into a series of risk-based, adaptive pathways for conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage is a novel approach that is currently supporting place-based planning for public conservation areas. Incorporation of the trade-offs and synergies in seeking to effectively manage these discrete but related types of values and the implications for conservation practice are discussed.
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Osborne, Victoria A., L. Ashley Gage, and Abigail J. Rolbiecki. "The Unique Mental Health Needs of Military Women: A Social Work Call to Action." Advances in Social Work 13, no. 1 (April 26, 2012): 166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/1878.
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Women involved in all aspects of the United States Armed Forces face mental health needs that are unique from women in the general population. Because the most recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are involving more women in combat situations, social workers encounter female clients who are increasingly experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder, substance misuse, and sexual violence. Special attention must be paid particularly to women who serve in the National Guard or Reserves, as they have different concerns than enlisted active duty women. These concerns include less social support and fewer resources upon return from deployment. Thus, it is imperative for social workers in the community to be aware of these military women’s experiences and unique mental health challenges in order to effectively treat their needs.
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Hough, John L. "Obstacles to Effective Management of Conflicts Between National Parks and Surrounding Human Communities in Developing Countries." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 2 (1988): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900028939.
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Conflicts between national parks and their surrounding human communities are apparently disfunctional for both. Both groups would appear to have incentives to resolve or at least reduce these conflicts. A major difficulty is the achievement of ready communication and trust between the powerful urban-based park authorities and the rural, possibly illiterate, local human populations who may have suffered at the hands of the park authorities in the past. Because of their greater power, the national park authorities are in the best position to take the first steps towards establishing trust—by making some positive concessions, and binding themselves in some way to real, rather than token, local participation in decision-making.Local elected officials with responsibilities both to their local electorate and to the objectives of central government, might be suitable agents for bringing the various parties together. When once effective communication is established, the early identification of areas of common interest, and positive actions to promote these, will continue the trust-building process and enable more difficult issues to be addressed. The identification, in advance, of options or alternatives that appear to be mutually beneficial, ‘positive sum’ solutions, will facilitate this and provide incentives for the initial participation of all parties.This approach to protected areas management will require new skills and training for park staff—in social and political as well as biological skills. It will also require a shift in the ruling paradigm of protected areas. The concept of national parks as inviolate havens of untouched Nature, controlled by an all-powerful central government agency, will have to give way to concepts of conservation through careful manipulation to achieve both conservation and local human development objectives. Although this approach is being hailed by conservation leaders through such worthy devices as Biosphere Reserves (Batisse, 1982), these concepts do not yet seem to have the international status that is required for their extensive adoption, nor do they necessarily build conflict-management processes into the management regime.The approach suggested above is not without risk both to park authorities and to the local human communities; but clarification of both conservation and development objectives should reduce such a risk and help to identify the information and analytical needs for working towards a mutually beneficial solution.
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Järv, Henri, Anton Shkaruba, Olga Likhacheva, Viktar Kireyeu, Raymond Ward, and Kalev Sepp. "A Tale of Two Protected Areas: “Value and Nature Conservation” in Comparable National Parks in Estonia and Russia." Land 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030274.
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This study explores how local communities reflect on institutional frameworks and protected area governance in two national parks (NPs) with similar nature values in Estonia and Russia, and aims to understand the role of value systems in these interactions. It is based on 50 in-depth interviews with a broad range of stakeholders, and a desktop analysis of relevant regulation and plans. Interview questions reflect on various aspects of well-being (including fairness of governance solutions), awareness of NPs’ function and restrictions, related value aspects, and covered basic personal data needed to interpret the interviews. The study reconfirms the pivotal role of social justice as a driver of wellbeing. In particular, it articulates the significance of value systems playing the role of filters between governance inputs and specific management activities of communities. It underlines the vulnerability of such systems at a community level, most of all to the impacts related to various instances of “centralization”. They are manifested through the choice of restrictive measures and top-down arrangements at the expense of transparency and inclusiveness (in Russia), as well as through the removal of governance autonomy from NPs and transferring monitoring and enforcement functions to local communities without clear mandates or sufficient capacity (in Estonia).
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LEVANDA, О. М. "Problemal Aspects of Social Insurance in Ukraine Regarding Lifetime Risks." Demography and social economy 2 (July 20, 2022): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2022.02.058.
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Social insurance implements a mechanism to strike a balance between national work ethic and mandatory care for retirees and those who are unable to work through social programs that support total consumption spending. Most studies focus on compulsory state social insurance, therefore, it is relevant to study the social insurance system from the perspective of state and non-state insurance throughout life. The purpose of the study is to identify problematic aspects and to investigate the current mechanism of social and pension insurance against social risks. The scientific novelty consists in providing analytical support for identifying the features and problematic aspects of the functioning of social insurance in Ukraine, which, unlike the existing one, involves an analysis of the legal framework, statistical indicators in the context of the national institutional environment and the development of proposals to overcome problematic aspects in the field of social insurance throughout life. The research methodology is based on the following methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization and statistical analysis. The analysis of the study covers the period of the Covid-19 crisis and the pandemic era, which allows us to assess the potential of public administration in the event of unforeseen situations and economic downturns. Based on the results obtained, it is revealed that the main feature of state social insurance is the assistance earned by citizens through the payment of insurance premiums in the course of labor activity in exchange for the right to receive protection from social risks. At the same time, the assessment of the state costs part of the budgets of state insurance funds reveals shortcomings in the activities on non-fulfillment of planned indicators, failure to control the targeted use of funds from own reserves and lack of resource capacity. The analysis of social insurance with point of view а system of private pension provision on the main indicators of funds reveal a low development of investment processes, which requires the introduction of measures to spread public awareness of non-state pension insurance. The results of the study can be used by the Government to strengthen social insurance aimed at improving the quality of life of the population. In particular, pay more attention to the need to increase the financial awareness of citizens by providing them with financial information about retirement savings and options to increase their income levels at retirement age.
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Luo, Jie, Xiao Wang, Yang Zhao, Ling Meng, Yuemei Gou, Yingdong Yuan, Jie Sun, and Na Qin. "A Study on Urban Spatial System Planning of Qingdao City Park Based on Intelligent Monitoring Sensors." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (September 21, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8932773.
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Since the release of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the construction plan of the smart city and Internet of Things (IoT) has once again pushed the sensors into the limelight. In the current situation, whether in China or around the world, the construction of smart communities has become an irreversible trend. In this environment, the sensor as a smart city “bridge” will certainly usher in an industrial explosion. “Smart city” is a new concept and model for urban development. Academics have also explored the concept and theoretical model of smart cities from different perspectives in different forms. With the gradual establishment of the national smart city system, the Internet of Things and other technologies are being widely used to serve other aspects of human social life, such as urban smart communities, intelligent transportation, and intelligent home security systems. The application of technology is gradually penetrating into the life of our human society. In the context of building a smart city, scholars have also brought an unprecedented broader idea. By seeking a reasonable balance between human and urban nature, the concept of “park city,” which aims to create a good ecological habitat where people and nature can coexist and develop in harmony, has emerged as China’s urbanization process accelerates and the conflict between people and land becomes more and more prominent. As an important factor to promote the harmonious development of humans and nature, the planning and construction of urban parks is an important means to meet the needs of people for a better life and to improve the ecological environment of cities; therefore, the planning and design of urban parks under the concept of “park city” is getting more and more attention. Qingdao, as a typical coastal city, has a mosaic of green areas and urban construction land, so urban ecological parks with the carrier of nonconstruction land exist in large numbers in the city and become a key link in the practice of the “park city” concept. However, while urban ecological parks provide ecological and social services to citizens, their special land use has also led to a series of problems. At present, there is not enough basis for the planning and management of such special parks in Qingdao, and it is not possible to guide the planning and construction of such parks with universal standards, so how to effectively protect and reasonably utilize them to promote the construction of “park city” is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the above background, this study takes Qingdao urban ecological park as the research object and summarizes the typical problems in the process of planning, construction, and use of this kind of park through relevant data research and extensive studies. Based on this, we propose three aspects, namely, the location and layout of parks at a macro level, the construction of the park system at meso-level, and the design optimization of parks at a micro level. The specific research content includes the following aspects: the first part defines the background, purpose, and significance of the topic and the research object and summarizes and reviews the existing research results at home and abroad, and then proposes the overall idea and framework of the research. The second part analyzes the problems of Qingdao urban ecological parks with the concept of “park city.” Based on the connotation and characteristics of the “park city” concept, the impact of the concept on urban parks is analyzed, and the significance of the “park city” concept on the planning and construction of urban ecological parks is clarified based on the special characteristics of urban ecological parks. Finally, we provide the basis for the proposed strategy by combining case studies at different levels. Finally, we propose a better spatial planning for the construction of a park city in Qingdao using smart detection sensors and other means of building a smart city.
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Mendonça, Marluce, and Mauricio Camargo. "ETNOECOLOGIA DA PRODUÇÃO DE PEIXES ORNAMENTAIS NUM SECTOR DO MÉDIO RIO SOLIMÕ ES, FLONA TEFÉ E RESERVAS MAMIRAUÁ E AMANÃ ESTADO DO AMAZONAS." Scientific Magazine UAKARI 2, no. 1 (August 3, 2008): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31420/uakari.v2i1.15.
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A review of the recent history of ornamental fish removal from the Tefé National Forest -Flona, and from Mamirauá and Amanã Reserves was produced, by means of interviews with local fishermen and also based on records of the Brazilian environmental authority, IBAMA, at Tefé. Data presented show that the exports of ornanental fish in the Middle Solimões region are made of different of morphs of only two species, the discus Symphysodon aequifasciatus and Apistogramma spp. The volumes in which those species were exported are highly dependent on the market demands, even when dependent on the seasonality. The traditional social and economic relationships with the patrões are persistent, with the presence of interm ediates and servers to the patrões, that use the debts as means of maintaining those links. It is also indicated the importance of understand som e experiences with ornamentals in different natural environments, and to consider that the particular aspects of each site, their natural history, environmental conditions and cultural environments must be considered and adapted to, including in the case of the reserves studied.
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Zawilińska, Bernadetta. "Residents’ Attitudes Towards a National Park Under Conditions of Suburbanisation and Tourism Pressure: A Case Study of Ojców National Park (Poland)." European Countryside 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0007.
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AbstractThe article attempts to contribute to the global discussion on the social aspects of the functioning of protected areas. It explores the attitudes of local communities towards national parks and the determinants of those attitudes. The problem is presented using the example of Ojców National Park (Pol. OPN), a small-area national park located in the suburban zone of Kraków (Poland) and subject to strong pressure of tourism and suburbanisation. The analysis is based on interviews with people residing within the boundaries or buffer zone of the OPN. The residents are proud to live in a scenic location; they tend to perceive the national park in the context of its significant natural value rather than its administration and the related restrictions, and mostly approve of its existence. There is a high support for implementing the participative model of local area management. At the same time, however, the residents’ preferred methods of area management are in conflict with the need to protect the Park’s natural and landscape values. The residents favour commercial tourism infrastructure within the protected area and residential housing development in its close vicinity. The residents’ attitudes towards the Park are also shaped to a large extent by complex factors relating to the area’s history and its location within the suburban zone of a major city.
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Hopker, Andy, Naveen Pandey, Rosie Bartholomew, Abigail Blanton, Sophie Hopker, Aniruddha Dhamorikar, Jadumoni Goswami, Rebecca Marsland, Prakash Metha, and Neil Sargison. "Livestock vaccination programme participation among smallholder farmers on the outskirts of National Parks and Tiger Reserves in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Assam." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): e0256684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256684.
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Effective livestock vaccination has the potential to raise prosperity and food security for the rural poor in low and middle income countries. To understand factors affecting access to vaccination services, and guide future policy, smallholder farmers in three locations in India were questioned about vaccination of their cattle and buffalo, with particular reference to foot and mouth disease (FMD), haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) and blackquarter (BQ). In the three regions 51%, 50%, and 31% of respondents reported vaccinating their livestock; well below any threshold for effective population level disease control. However, within the third region, 65% of respondents in villages immediately surrounding the Kaziranga National Park reported vaccinating their cattle. The majority of respondents in all three regions were aware of FMD and HS, awareness of BQ was high in the Kanha and Bandhavgarh regions, but much lower in the Kaziranga region. The majority of respondents had positive attitudes to vaccination; understood vaccination protected their animals from specific diseases; and wished to immunise their livestock. There was no significant association between the age or gender of respondent and the immunisation of their livestock. Common barriers to immunisation were: negative attitudes to vaccination; lack of awareness of date and time of vaccination events; and difficulty presenting animals. Poor access to vaccination services was significantly associated with not vaccinating livestock. Fear of adverse reactions to vaccines was not significantly associated with not vaccinating livestock. Respondents who reported that vets or animal health workers (AHWs) were their main source of animal health knowledge were significantly more likely to have immunised their livestock in the last twelve months. Participants cited poor communication from vaccinators as problematic, both in publicising immunisation programmes, and explaining the purpose of vaccination. Where vaccinations were provided free of charge, farmers commonly displayed passive attitudes to accessing vaccination services, awaiting organised “immunisation drives” rather than seeking vaccination themselves. Based on these findings the following recommendations are made to improve participation and effectiveness of immunisation programmes. Programmes should be planned to integrate with annual cycles of: disease risk, agricultural activity, seasonal climate, social calendar of villages; and maximise efficiency for vaccinators. Dates and times of immunisation in each village must be well publicised, as respondents frequently reported missing the vaccinators. Relevant farmer education should precede immunisation programmes to mitigate against poor knowledge or negative attitudes. Immunisation drives must properly engage beneficiaries, particularly ensuring that services are accessible to female livestock keepers, and sharing some responsibilities with local farmers. Payment of a small monetary contribution by animal keepers could be considered to encourage responsibility for disease prevention, making vaccination an active process by farmers.
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Szakács, Alexandru, and Marinel Kovacs. "Volcanic Landforms and Landscapes of the East Carpathians (Romania) and Their Geoheritage Values." Land 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071064.
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The Neogene–Quaternary volcanic range running along the East Carpathians in Romania, extends from the Oaș Mountains, in the north-west, to the South Harghita Mountains and the Perșani Mountains, in the south-east, as part of the broader volcanic province of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region. It resulted from intense volcanic activity during the 15–0.1 Ma time interval, generating huge volumes of effusive and explosive products and a variety of volcanic edifices and primary landforms from large composite volcanoes to small-sized domes/dome-coulées/lava flows and volcaniclastic plateaus around them. The present-day landforms were shaped by various syn-volcanic deformation processes (such as volcano spreading), post-volcanic erosion of various degrees and types (including glacial erosion on the highest-elevation parts and relief inversion in the peripheral areas) and modern anthropic intervention. Developed on this diverse volcanic substrate, the present-day landscape shows a large variety of aspects due to further factors (original topography, elevation, vegetation cover, distance from settlements, anthropic activities, and degradation processes). This volcanic range hosts many geoheritage-relevant sites of various spatial extent (from hundreds of km2 to limited areas of a few 10 m2) and of protection status (from national parks, natural or scientific reserves, natural monuments, and protected areas to areas with no protection at all). Despite its high geoheritage potential, geoparks are still absent, geotrails are sparse, and geotourism is in its infancy in the East Carpathian volcanic range.
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de Oliveira Martins Pereira, Nilza, Ricardo Santos, James Welch, Luciene Souza, and Carlos Coimbra, Jr. "Demography, Territory, and Identity of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: The Xavante Indians and the 2000 Brazilian National Census." Human Organization 68, no. 2 (May 30, 2009): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.68.2.x717g781t57101k8.
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Brazilian census data show a remarkable increase in the population self-reporting as "indigenous" between 1991 and 2000 but do not readily enable that increase to be analyzed in terms of the nearly 200 specific indigenous societies or ethnicities that exist in Brazil. In this article, we investigate some instances and implications of how the 2000 Brazilian National Census employed categories conceived for the national population to register one specific people—the Xavante of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil—with their own inherent social arrangements and morphologies. We do so by comparing census data corresponding to Xavante Indigenous Reserves with an independently collected set of demographic data for the same year. Although we found census data to adequately represent basic characteristics of the Xavante population (population size and age and sex distributions), we also found they reclassified and transformed Xavante households and thereby denatured Xavante sociality of its demographic and sociocultural complexity. The Xavante case is an example of how national demographic censuses not only capture data regarding indigenous peoples but also help shape those data by contributing to how indigenousness is perceived. Our findings suggest that the Brazilian National Census should seek to be more sensitive to indigenous realities and thereby to assess more accurately fundamental aspects of indigenous societies.
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Koibichuk, Vitaliia, and Yulia Kurovska. "The influence of integrated indicators of digitalization of social-economic transformations on the country’s digital development level." Herald of Economics, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2022.01.083.
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Introduction. Understanding the factors that initiate digitalization is extremely relevant for the study of the economy in the current and future economic conditions. The dependence of financial and economic systems on a large number of automated information systems and big data is growing. This upward trend is gradually becoming an urgent need for socio- economic facilities to function, and an understanding of key perceptions of the state of the global digital economy is the key to a stable financial system.Purpose. The aim of the study is to develop a multifactor regression model to describe the impact of key determinants that shape the level of risk of using financial institutions to money laundering and terrorist financing, business aspects and national cybersecurity on the overall digital development of the world.Methods. Research methods are based on the system-logical generalization of integrated indicators of socio-economic transformations and digitalization , content analysis, descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, multidimensional statistical analysis.Results. A multiple linear econometric model has been developed that describes the impact of integrated indicators of the level of national cybersecurity, ease of doing business and the Basel AML index on the overall country’s level of digital development. The model is statistically significant and can be implemented by domestic institutions, including the National Bank of Ukraine, the Financial Intelligence Service of Ukraine, the National CyberSecurity Coordination Center and International institutions to strengthen digital trust, identify reserves to increase cybersecurity in each country.Prospects. Further research will focus on in-depth analysis and evaluation of research data from a different angle, namely in terms of developing quantile regressions that will determine how national cybersecurity and ease of doing business for digitally advanced countries affect digital development, and how the importance of national cybersecurity indicators and ease of doing business for countries with low levels of digital development affect the level of digital development.
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Bizzarri, Carmen. "Opportunities and costs of tourism for a new Humanism." Miscellanea Geographica 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgrsd-2016-0004.
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Abstract The first part of this paper describes the flow of tourism on a national and international scale, emphasizing the role that entertainment tourism and theme parks play globally. Following these preliminary remarks, the second part of the paper presents the positive and negative economic effects of leisure tourism opportunities at the European and regional level. The third part of the paper analyses the environmental aspects of tourism and entertainment tourism. It shows that sustainable tourism development can be an essential condition for the protection of natural and cultural resources. Finally, the fourth part summarizes some of the most important social issues arising from tourism activities, among them the conflict between residents and tourists on the exploitation of resources and the demonstration effect deriving from the consumption of resources. To avoid this spoliation and destruction of the destination (land and local community), the paper suggests a new Humanism based on Catholicism as a way to realize a sustainability utopia.
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Sessa, Maria Rosaria, Benedetta Esposito, Daniela Sica, and Ornella Malandrino. "A Logical-Mathematical Approach for the Implementation of Ecologically Equipped Productive Urban Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031365.
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Sustainability is a complex phenomenon that refers to economic, environmental, and social aspects. Any concept of sustainable urban development must incorporate sectoral concepts; these must be well integrated into the overarching urban, regional, and governance policies. One sectoral policy of great importance is the redevelopment processes of disused industrial areas into Sustainable Industrial Areas (AIS), Ecologically Equipped Productive Areas (APEA), or Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP). These territories, as socioeconomic systems that are being observed in the framework of the development of sustainability monitoring, are complex objects for evaluation due to the presence of a large number of interconnections between the constituent elements and hierarchical levels (sectors and spheres). For this reason, it is necessary that a new interpretation of economical, natural, and social phenomena, following a systemic and integrated approach, is able to reinterpret them for the dissemination of an ecologically and socially sustainable economy. The purpose of this work is to analyse the state of realisation of APEA on the Italian national territory, in order to understand the real benefits of production areas managed through eco-efficiency standards and to guarantee an integrated management system of environmental aspects. An additional aim is to consider a logical-mathematical model that would be able to support territorial policies in the identification of suitable areas to be converted into APEA, in order to promote sustainable development of the territory.
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Yan, Zheng Hang, Yang Liu, Hong Yan Li, and Qiu Shan Li. "An Electronical Cereals Weight Measure System Using Vibrating Wire Pressure Sensors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.533.
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Cereals is one fundamental factor about people's livelihood. Relatively abundant food production, to maintain a certain number, variety and quality of food reserves, directly related to national security, social stability and economic development. Maintain a certain amount, variety and quality food reserves, which is essential to ensure national food security measures. Cereals reserve and quantity monitor is a key element for food security strategy. However, most of the granaries were built many years ago, outdated facilities, technical means backward in China and many other countries. Access depends on the number of grain of experience and estimation. As different varieties of grain, place of origin, degree of packing, texture, moisture content and shelf life of different, the estimated cereals quantity data using traditional methods and real data usually have a large deviation. This restricts the development and implementation of national food security strategy. Fortunately, with the rapid development and wide application of modern information technologies, they are rapidly penetrated all aspects of grain fields and applications. Food safety system has been extended to modern technology, management and information technology and network support integrated system, and gradually developed into a warehouse as the mainstay and the main form of processing and production, related to transportation, storage, processing, circulation and consumption the whole process of information systems. Modern information technologies improve accuracy and reliability of cereals weight measure. In this paper, a cereals weight measure system combining of the new types sensors and communication technology is used in food granary. Vibrating wire pressure sensor is deployed in the bottom grain storage in advance, and then began to store grain silos. The sensor signals are sent to collection device or monitoring the background. Background calculates the weight of grain storage silos by the received data. Pressure sensor can accurately obtain the food and the weight of cereals can be scientifically obtained.
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Prisyazhnaya, A. A., O. V. Chernova, G. V. Mitenko, and V. V. Snakin. "Geoinformation analysis of soil cover protection in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 11, no. 4 (December 2021): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2021-4-529-540.
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The representativeness of the soil diversity in the network of nature protected areas of the Russian Arctic was calculated on the basis of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation, 1:2.5 M scale by using geoinformation analysis. The authors estimated soil cover composition and soil contours areas using the ArcView GIS system. They have identified 90 different soils and soil complexes in the Arctic zone of Russia, 30 of them belong to the Arctic and tundra soils and occupy 47% of total Russian Arctic zone area. In the nature reserves and national parks territory, 48 different soils and soil complexes have been identified, 15 of them belong to the group of arctic and tundra soils, which occupy 60% of the area of protected areas. The investigation shows that currently the existing system of the Arctic protected areas is characterized by high representation of the taxonomic soil diversity (the representativeness indicator is 94%). The only soil type, Arctic Gleezem (Turbic Criosols), is not territorial protected within its typical distribution areas. To optimize the system of Arctic protected areas, the authors propose to adjust the boundaries of the existing nature protected areas in the Anadyr River basin, as well as to consider the possibility of organizing a protected area in the southern part of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago.
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ANDREI, Daniela Ruxandra, Rodica Manuela GOGONEA, Vergina CHIRITESCU, Gina SZTRUTEN (LEFTER), and Florin Marian BUSUIOC. "Ecotourism as a viable alternative for economic development of Romanian rural communities." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 71, no. 1 (May 29, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9609.
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Perspective the use of space tourism in rural area, but not only in this area, must be based on the concept of ecological space based on the principle of equity, then an area needs to be provided in-house and in conditions of sustainable development. Sustainable human development can not be conceived outside the human settlements development of a viable economy and a diversified social life in a healthy environment, ensured respect cultural heritage - historical society. Numerous researches have shown that ecotourism can be a viable alternative for economic development of Romanian rural communities. This research aims to study ecotourism in the context of sustainable development of rural Romanian areas and conditions to protect its natural resources. This category of natural resources now put the following problems: exploitation beyond the regeneration, especially in soils and forests, pollution of the environment that minimizes the potential for regeneration. Having as main source of information national and international literature and data provided by the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, was created a pretty thorough fundamental research in specific field. The main research method was used were: bibliographical study, literature review and synthesis, collection and processing of statistical data, etc. Environmental protection has been considered as a basic problem in tourism since the beginning of this activity in our country. Ecological attitude towards natural resources exploitation involves giving unlimited and irrational generalization about the importance of scientific concept of biosphere preservation of natural resources for future generations. In the spirit of these principles requires development of ecological strategies of development (eco-development), capable of providing a healthy and rational use of resources specific to a particular ecosystem, to meet basic human needs. Protected areas are, in part, and highly attractive tourist destinations such as Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, National Parks and other natural reserves, except, of course, scientific reserves (strictly protected). Protection and conservation of rural tourism potential is emerging as a separate issue, which requires collaboration of specialists in various fields. Starting from the concept that "sustainable development of viable and sustainable ecological development that is considered to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" tourism, especially ecotourism, as an economic activity, it is this scientific approach and should cooperate with other industries and economic activities to ensure environmental quality, resource base and its survival. More so, it becomes necessary co-participation, to this end, the central and local authorities, local communities, along with tourism providers and related services.
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Simonenok, Anna V. "Southeast Asia in the Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic. Regional Trends and National Specifics." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016662-5.
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This article attempts to analyze the dynamics of development of the pandemic in the SEA subregion, starting from the first documented cases in the begging of 2020 up until the summer of 2021. A special emphasis is made on such aspects as the response of authorities to the spread of COVID-19, economic conditions during the period of the pandemic, the role of various regional bodies, social and political consequences of the pandemic crisis. The analysis revealed a number of common region-wide traits that came about during the pandemic and became a part of regional specifics of SEA in general, and also individual features of particular local countries. During the fight against the pandemic different ASEAN countries ended up with their own unique models for the behavior of its citizens, state actions and functioning of the economy that were influenced by many factors: capability of the state authority to keep control over the spread of the epidemic, structural differences of national economies, the scope of the state-conducted anti-crisis policies. At this point it still hard to properly evaluate the scale of destructive influence of the pandemic over the countries of the Southeast Asia. Considering the persisting issues with vaccination as well as low economic potential of the most regional states and the depletion of their reserves during the period of intensive anti-crisis support of 2020–2021, the region’s recovery from the ongoing crisis will be uneven and most likely will take more time that in other fast-growing regions of the world.
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Choi, Hyeyoung, and Young-Ai Seo. "The Process of Creating Yongsan Park from the Urban Resilience Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051225.
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The concept of resilience implies uncertainty and the ability to adapt to unexpected changes. Projects in cities that require long periods of time and extensive budgets, which include large parks, need resilience to flexibly cope with political, economic, social, and physical changes. The concept of resilience emerged from the design of large parks in the early 2000s and has continued in more recent urban design competitions, but there is still a lack of research on specific planning strategies in the literature. This paper aims to interpret the process of creating a large park and to explore the strategies needed for a resilient process by examining the first national urban park being planned in Seoul, Korea as an example. After discussions began in 1990 and the General Basic Plan was established in 2011, the winning design was announced through an international design competition in 2012. Although the park master plan was considered complete as of 2018, its progress seems unclear because of various changes in the surrounding urban planning and political and economic conditions. This study intends to examine the processes that have already been executed and to assist in setting the future direction of the project. Through the framework derived from prior research on the concept of resilience, this project’s process is examined and analyzed in six main categories: park infrastructure, social dynamics, economic dynamics, health and well-being, governance networks, and planning and institutions. The results show that the categories park infrastructure, health and well-being, and planning and institutions are consistent with the resilience planning strategy to some degree, but social dynamics, economic dynamics, and governance networks are unsatisfactory. From a resilience perspective, a holistic approach to designing the process is most important in planning a large park, beginning from the conceptual stage through to the long-term implementation phase. An integrative process should aim to incorporate specialized knowledge and experiences from a variety of fields, not to resolve single aspects in a piecemeal fashion. This study aims to provide a practical link between large-scale park projects and the concept of resilience for the future.
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Mežgaile, Anda, Agita Līviņa, and Andris Klepers. "PRIVATE LANDOWNERS AS SAFEGUARDS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL HERITAGE IN NATURA 2000." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.83.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
Of all Natura 2000 sites that form the basis of the national nature conservation system in Latvia, 43% are owned privately. Therefore, the owners and managers of private lands are strategically important stakeholders, and the achievement of nature conservation goals depends to a large extent on their motivation, environmental awareness, and involvement. The forest is an important and indispensable custodian of natural values, but natural and semi-natural grasslands are recognised globally for their high biodiversity, social and cultural values and provided ecosystem services. The aim of the research is to obtain data on how private land owners and managers treat natural values and their conservation not only in Natura 2000 areas, but also outside them. This decision was made because a large part of grasslands and forest micro-reserves are also located outside Natura 2000.
METHODS
To collect data on private landowners’ opinions about their motivation for being involved in nature conservation, the value of nature among other values and existing compensating mechanisms for unearned economic value, both online (ArcGIS123) and paper (in seminars organised by Latvian Rural Advisory and Training Centre) questionnaires were used to reach a representative sample of respondents. Data were collected between July and December 2021. Altogether, 604 forest landowners and 442 grassland landowners’ responses were used for further analysis.
RESULTS
Research shows that 42% of all respondents have lands in specially protected areas – Natura 2000, national parks, biosphere reserves and micro-reserves. 39% of forest landowners know what actions should be taken to preserve these natural values in their forests, but only 29% consider that before carrying out economic activities in the forest, its owner should ascertain the specially protected natural values found in the forest. Only 19% of forest owners, with restrictions on economic activities in order to meet nature conservation objectives, have received compensation, of which less than half (48%) were satisfied with the amount of financial support. 3% applied, but did not receive financial support, because their forest was too small.
The continuity of nature-friendly perennial grassland management will be ensured, with 93% of landowners showing rather high motivation for this. Of all respondents, 78% consider that grasslands provide wild plant diversity; improve the quality of the landscape while preserving the traditional rural landscape - 87%; provide a place for the continuation of cultural traditions, annual rituals - 57%; and provide business opportunities - 47%. Although 41% think that other land uses are more profitable, 29% admit that they have a lack of knowledge about grassland management.
DISCUSSION
Forest owners are less motivated than natural grassland owners regarding nature conservation activities, as the price of the economic value of the forest is likely to far exceed the number of compensatory mechanisms. Integrated solutions for ensuring nature protection on private land must continue to be sought. The opinions of the respondents will provide an opportunity to create a clear and reasonable motivation system for private landowners, which balances the interests of conservation of natural values and economic development, is understandable to everyone and will serve not only this, but also future generations.
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Mežgaile, Anda, Agita Līviņa, and Andris Klepers. "PRIVATE LANDOWNERS AS SAFEGUARDS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL HERITAGE IN NATURA 2000." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.83.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
Of all Natura 2000 sites that form the basis of the national nature conservation system in Latvia, 43% are owned privately. Therefore, the owners and managers of private lands are strategically important stakeholders, and the achievement of nature conservation goals depends to a large extent on their motivation, environmental awareness, and involvement. The forest is an important and indispensable custodian of natural values, but natural and semi-natural grasslands are recognised globally for their high biodiversity, social and cultural values and provided ecosystem services. The aim of the research is to obtain data on how private land owners and managers treat natural values and their conservation not only in Natura 2000 areas, but also outside them. This decision was made because a large part of grasslands and forest micro-reserves are also located outside Natura 2000.
METHODS
To collect data on private landowners’ opinions about their motivation for being involved in nature conservation, the value of nature among other values and existing compensating mechanisms for unearned economic value, both online (ArcGIS123) and paper (in seminars organised by Latvian Rural Advisory and Training Centre) questionnaires were used to reach a representative sample of respondents. Data were collected between July and December 2021. Altogether, 604 forest landowners and 442 grassland landowners’ responses were used for further analysis.
RESULTS
Research shows that 42% of all respondents have lands in specially protected areas – Natura 2000, national parks, biosphere reserves and micro-reserves. 39% of forest landowners know what actions should be taken to preserve these natural values in their forests, but only 29% consider that before carrying out economic activities in the forest, its owner should ascertain the specially protected natural values found in the forest. Only 19% of forest owners, with restrictions on economic activities in order to meet nature conservation objectives, have received compensation, of which less than half (48%) were satisfied with the amount of financial support. 3% applied, but did not receive financial support, because their forest was too small.
The continuity of nature-friendly perennial grassland management will be ensured, with 93% of landowners showing rather high motivation for this. Of all respondents, 78% consider that grasslands provide wild plant diversity; improve the quality of the landscape while preserving the traditional rural landscape - 87%; provide a place for the continuation of cultural traditions, annual rituals - 57%; and provide business opportunities - 47%. Although 41% think that other land uses are more profitable, 29% admit that they have a lack of knowledge about grassland management.
DISCUSSION
Forest owners are less motivated than natural grassland owners regarding nature conservation activities, as the price of the economic value of the forest is likely to far exceed the number of compensatory mechanisms. Integrated solutions for ensuring nature protection on private land must continue to be sought. The opinions of the respondents will provide an opportunity to create a clear and reasonable motivation system for private landowners, which balances the interests of conservation of natural values and economic development, is understandable to everyone and will serve not only this, but also future generations.
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Nowicka, Dorota. "Góry — dom dla zwierząt czy schronisko dla ludzi?" Góry, Literatura, Kultura 15 (December 29, 2021): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.15.22.
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When thinking about nature, it is impossible to overlook fauna, which contributes to its constant transformation, mainly through the development of new species. The author of the article sheds light on the current situation of animals living e.g. in national parks, focusing on pro-environmental activities on social media and non-virtual media, and on destructive human behaviour. The growing tourism- and economy-related infrastructurisation of the mountains as well as their increasingly frequent exploration by humans force animals to change their familiar habitats. Owing to the animals’ natural territorialism as well as instinctive fight for species survival, in the case of stronger specimens we often see altruistic actions to protect the group under threat. The interference of humans with the natural environment forces animals to acquire social behaviours which are a consequence of a long adaptation process. The author of the article also examines selected aspects of ethology, that is study of inherited and acquired animal behaviour. However, the appropriation of the mountains by humans and their adaptation to human needs are characterised by a relatively high awareness of the impact on animal life, a fact reflected in numerous ecological and faunistic campaigns seeking to protect natural habitats and their indigenous residents. The article also features an analysis of campaigns and projects that are to make people sensitive to the fact that they are guests at a home of species other than the human species.
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Tumekh, B. "DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR INDICATIVE PLANNING OF LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPHERE OF TOURIST SERVICES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 898–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-5-898-910.
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In recent decades, tourism has shown itself as a key component of a modern economy and a sustainable source of innovative industries that ensure balanced development, especially in developing countries, most of which have the most popular resources for the tourism industry. The main goal of the work is presented in the idea of how to conserve natural reserves and use them rationally in the present and in the future, developing detailed plans and striving to increase the level of efficiency. The result of such work will lead to increased profits with the simultaneous organization of all types of activities related to tourism. Improving the effectiveness of strategies aimed at solving problems regarding sustainable development and changing patterns of production and consumption of tourism services requires a deep analysis of all aspects of the area under consideration, including the study of the effects of elements of the external environment under conditions of stability / instability. In other words, conducting a closer study of the planning functions in the systemic management processes of the tourism industry is quite relevant. The significance of this study lies in the fact that planning for sustainable development of the tourism sector is considered as an integral part of the overall plan for economic and social development, which requires the obligatory participation of all public and private stakeholders in the actual implementation of policies and strategies in this direction, since not only income, but and the responsibility for the development of this sector of the economy is shared between government and business. Accordingly, the author proposes to develop a methodology for indicative planning to achieve longterm improvement of tourism services in developing countries, including identifying aspects of modern problems faced by most economies in crisis and instability.
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Kyfyak, Oleksandr. "Marketing in the organization of the development ecological tourism the Carpathian region." Herald of Economics, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2022.02.045.
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Introduction. Sharpening attention to environmental issues and finding new marketing approaches and forms of rational use of natural recreational resources in the Carpathian region will contribute to the formation of environmental culture, environmental values, ability to follow moral and legal norms and rules of environmentally sound behavior and more. An important place in the problems solving is given to eco-tourism and marketing in the organization of ecotourism development, which will help to realize that rational recreational nature using will not only stimulate the flow of entry into the region, increase welfare, but also play an important role in preserving natural resources as parts of global resources.The purpose of the study is to identify ecologically attractive areas for the development of ecological tourism, substantiate the unique potential of the Carpathian region for this type of tourism and identify areas of creative implementation of foreign experience to establish stages of marketing process in the organization of ecological tourism.Methods. The using of the analysis method, questionnaires, study of foreign experience, system-structural approach became the methodological basis of the study.Results. The uniqueness of the region for ecological tourism is established on the analysis of opportunities for the ecological tourism development in the Carpathian region, in particular, the distribution of protected lands and their functional structure, the availability of reserves and national parks, etc. A high level of interest in ecological tourist products was established by surveying tourists who visited Vyzhnytsia National Park. Based on the study of foreign experience, the stages of the marketing process that can be implemented in the practice of organizing the development of ecotourism in the Carpathian region are identified. The most promising types of ecological tourist products are offered and the influence of ecotourism development on the balance of nature protection, economic, social, cultural, integration and other interests in the region is established.Discussion. Important areas of further research in the context of determining the role and place of marketing in the ecotourism development are, in particular, the determination of target categories of visitors, assessing the demand for various ecotourism programs and competition analysis.
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Ahirrao, Pritam, and Smita Khan. "Assessing Public Open Spaces: A Case of City Nagpur, India." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094997.
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Major Indian cities have a lower public open space (POS)-capita ratio and do not meet national and international standards. Moreover, factors such as lack of design guidelines for POSs, limited funding, and lack of public participation have affected these limitedly available POSs and made them ineffective and incapable of meeting the contemporary needs of a diverse range of users. Therefore, it is essential to make them not only inclusive, user-friendly, attractive, and efficient, but also socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable in order to serve the various facilities and services at their optimum level. This study includes the assessment of two POSs to identify strengths and deficiencies that affect their character and use. These POSs are public parks, provide free access to users and are located in the city of Nagpur. For assessment, the study proposed the Public Open Space Index (POSI) that combines five aspects: Individual well-being, Inclusiveness, Engagement, Sustainable spaces, and Management.A mixed methods approach was considered for data collection, including a self-administered questionnaire survey and observations.According to the results, POSs have strengths in that they facilitate social cohesion, engagement, and basic facilities. POSs do not encourage equitable access and sustainable practices, which are considered deficiencies.The study helps planners, designers, and parenting authority to develop initiatives to make these limited POSs inclusive, functional, and sustainable.
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Dugalić, Sretenka. "Event tourism and sustainable development." Sport — nauka i praksa = Sport — Science And Practice 10, no. 2 (2020): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/snp2002085d.
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Tourism is an important base of the country's socio-economic and cultural development. Tourism development strategies involve factors that the society applies to make the best use of its benefits or neutralize the problems it creates in their economies. As every economic subject aims at achieving effectiveness and efficiency, tourism management is tasked with responding to current challenges, and connecting service providers to users so as to achieve mutual satisfaction. Decision-making in tourism is particularly complex when events (cultural, sports…) are held in protected areas and national parks, which attract tourists the most. Since the capacities of a tourist destination often do not meet the needs of constant, accelerated growth of the number of visitors, sustainable development becomes a professional challenge for tourism destination management, and it is often a source of problems for tour operators or governments. A lack of resources, pollution, security, numerous risks…, are some of the factors that may reduce tourism profits or contribute to losses. This paper explores certain aspects of strategies that can bring benefits for visitors, organizers and the society as a whole, in accordance with the achieved level of overall economic, social and cultural development. The paper also points out the concerns, problems, codes and strategies that affect the final product, as an aspect of engagement in the quality management process in tourism.
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Bondar-Podhurskaya, O. V., I. I. Khomenko, and Charles Karangwa. "The Scientific-Methodological Aspects of Assessing the Efficiency of Innovative Enterprise Management in the Context of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals." Business Inform 9, no. 512 (2020): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-9-172-180.
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The article is aimed at improving the scientific-methodological aspects of assessing the efficiency of management of an innovative enterprise in the context of implementation of sustainable development goals. The role and state of machine-building enterprises as the basis for the development of the national economy in the format of innovative ones is highlighted. For the first time, on the basis of a comprehensive approach, indicators for assessing the efficiency of management of an innovative enterprise (on the example of the machine-building industry) are elaborated in the context of the implementation of sustainable development goals of the 21st century. At the same time, the Conception of sustainable development is positioned as a synthesis of two most important ideas, i.e.: 1) development should be balanced, which involves solving economic, social and environmental problems and achieving an equilibrium between them, and this causes the overall level and quality of life of the population; 2) the current generation has a duty to future generations to leave sufficient reserves of resources (natural, social and economic) in order to ensure their level of welfare, not lower than the current one. It is proposed to supplement the elaborated indicators with three specific indicators of patent-licensing activity as a factor in improving the efficiency of management of the innovative enterprise in the context of economic, environmental and social aspects. In particular: 1) the number of security documents for intellectual property objects, in which the methods that reduce the production of individual goods or services (economic component) are patented; 2) the number of security documents for intellectual property rights, in which the methods of more environmental production of goods or services (ecological component) are patented; 3) the number of security documents for intellectual property rights, which patent ways to improve the efficiency of employees, that is, improving working conditions (social component). On the basis of formalization method and comprehensive approach, a universal format of results of evaluation of the efficiency of management of an innovative enterprise in the context of implementation of sustainable development goals is recommended. The result of its application should be timely elimination of problems, identification of causes and zeroing out consequences of ineffective management of the enterprise, which will lead to increased profits from innovation activities and efficiency of investments in environmental innovations, will form a safe environment, increase the level of satisfaction of vital interests of employees of the enterprise and the population in general.
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Gusev, Aleksey, Egor Skvorcov, and Ekaterina Morozova. "Studying the international practice of introducing precision farming technologies based on national programs for the development of the agrarian sector of foreign countries." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-3-121-125.
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The relevance of the research lies in the insufficiently studied theoretical aspects of the application of precision farming technologies. The development programs of the industry in countries with developed agriculture contain separate elements for the development of precision farming technologies. The aim is to study the international practice of introducing precision farming technologies on the basis of national programs for the development of the agrarian sector of countries with developed agriculture. The United States occupies a leading position in the development of precision farming technologies. This became possible thanks to the implementation of the Food and Agriculture Cyber Informatics and Tools (FACT) program, as well as the development of these technologies by private companies (Ag Leader Technology; AgJunction, Inc; CropMetrics LLC, etc.). In the People's Republic of China, in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Economic and Social Development of the Republic, Article 4 proclaims a course for the modernization of agriculture, which is designed for 2015-2020. It is planned to introduce a regional pilot project in the field of precision farming technologies based on IoT, increasing the level of intelligence and precision of agriculture. Japan has implemented the Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) for the next generation of agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Its main tasks include an automatic travel system for agricultural machinery under human supervision (by 2018), as well as an unmanned system for agricultural machinery with remote monitoring (by 2020). In total, 15.6 billion yen (11.5 billion rubles) was allocated for the implementation of these tasks in the period from 2014 to 2018. In Germany, 14 digital innovation parks have been created, aimed at developing both precision farming technologies and technologies of the Internet of things, big data and others.
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Rahmanita, Myrza, Fetty Asmaniati, and Triana Rosalina Dewi. "Profiling Local Business Enterprises and Direct Effect of Tourism in Villages of Muntei, Madobag and Matotonan, South Siberut, Mentawai, Indonesia." TRJ Tourism Research Journal 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.30647/trj.v4i2.99.
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Mentawai is well known as an ecotourism area in Indonesia, with its Siberut National Park recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. People come to visit this exotic area every year to do activities and enjoying the natural surroundings. Tourist visits to Mentawai were escalating by years, both domestic and foreign tourists. Regional income from tourism was also increasing. Ecotourism is known worldwide for its benefit for economic contribution to local communities and poverty alleviation. The economic contribution of ecotourism is often appreciated through its direct effect on local business enterprises on sites. However, statistics today showed that Mentawai are still categorized as underdeveloped and poor. Therefore, this descriptive research objective was to assess tourism contribution by means of direct effect to local business enterprises and challenges faced by villages near Siberut National Park, South Siberut, Mentawai. A survey was conducted in November 2018 by distributing questionnaires to 19 representatives of tourism-related Local Business Enterprises (LBEs) using an accidental sampling technique. Data collected were then processed, analyzed and interpreted. In conclusion, this study shows that there is a low direct effect of tourism to the existing Local Business Enterprise in the villages of Muntei, Madobag, and Matotonan of South Siberut, Mentawai Island Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia. In addition, essential challenges exist, not to mention managerial, predominantly concerning financial and legal matters. It is recommended that local government and other stakeholders put more consideration not only on environmental and social aspects, but also economy, represented by local business enterprises. Initiatives and integrated actions should be arranged and put in practice as empowering tourism, particularly ecotourism to its optimum, to bring about foremost contribution to local economy through direct effect of tourism to local business enterprises.
Keywords: Tourism contribution, Direct effect of tourism, Local Business Enterprise, Ecotourism, Mentawai
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PETROVA, GALINA. "FINANCIAL AND LEGAL MEASURES TO COUNTER THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (CRP) IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-POLITICAL MEASURES OF BUDGETARY POLICY OF STATES: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-5-36-42.
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Introduction. The socio-political and legal prerequisites for enhancing the coordinating role of the state, its budgetary policy and financial and legal regulators to counter the negative consequences of the coronavirus infection pandemic (PKI) are considered. International financial organizations (IMF, World Bank, OECD and others), supporting states in the fight against CRP, propose new standards of fiscal and investment policy developed by them on the basis of financial planning and budgeting with the involvement of budgetary funds and public financial reserves for social and economic support of the population from the consequences of CRP. States use these post-CRP international stability standards as part of their fiscal and development strategies. Materials and methods. The report of the UN Department of Global Communications on measures to counter the destruction of economies as a result of COVID-19 and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals 2020 was used. The conceptual provisions of the Analytical Summary of the Department of Fiscal Policy of the IMF (April 2020) with recommendations to government agencies on the restoration of economies destroyed by the CRP were considered. The article provides the norms of the Russian budget, tax, banking legislation, adopted in the implementation of the provisions of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 02.04.2020 No. 239 on measures against CRP. The Federal Law of the Russian Federation of March 18, 2020 No. 52-FZ on budgetary policy for 2020 and for the planning period of 2021 and 2022 was considered in connection with the CRP. Used a document of the Bank of Russia dated 08/10/2020. on measures to limit the consequences of the coronavirus infection pandemic and other acts. Results. The international recommendations of the IMF on supporting the public sector of the economies in the context of countries overcoming the consequences of the CRP through budget loans, guarantees, fiscal risk management, and coordinated fiscal stimulus are considered. A steady tendency on the part of states and international financial organizations (IFIs) to strengthen the budgetary law of states and promote “soft law” international legal regulation of standards for the implementation of the planning, coordinating and supervisory functions of states, which should be strengthened as overcoming the destroyed CRP economies, finance, education, culture, social sphere. Discussion and conclusions. IMF in their reports emphasize that international financial and other cooperation of states in the context of the fight against CRP should move to a new level of trust and mutual assistance. It is shown that the new financial and legal norms in the budgetary, tax, and banking legislation of the Russian Federation in 2020 act as a set of anti-crisis regulation measures in the face of countering the CRP with the involvement of budgetary funds from the National Welfare Fund (NWF) and other sources of budgetary financing under control by the method of treasury support.
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Petrov, A. M., L. M. Sembieva, N. I. Golysheva, R. A. Ivanov, and N. K. Muravitskaya. "EVALUATION OF CRITERIA FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF JAPANESE COMPANIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE NEED TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICIENCY." BULLETIN 2, no. 390 (April 15, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.53.
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Being one of the most important tools of the national economy, foreign direct investment provides means for production expansion, creating employment opportunities and jobs, accelerating structural changes, improving the country’s financial standing in foreign relations, increasing its foreign exchange reserves, reducing budget holdbacks, and improving its credit rating. In Russia, foreign investments are primarily made through capital contributions by registered foreign residents. According to official reports, in the total annual capital inflows into the Russian Federation, 10 to 12% are attributable to foreign direct investment, 1 to 2% - to indirect investment, and up to 80% - to other investments. The current state of the world economy is characterized by many challenges: from increased competition and a new round of trade wars between major economic powers to a shift in emphasis in approaches to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities from exclusively financial to mainly non-financial, including environmental and social aspects. The corresponding economic conditions, coupled with significant political and economic pressure from a number of countries, sharply raise the issue of developing new approaches to determining the effectiveness of their own activities. Determining the effectiveness of business entities is necessary in order to ensure timely and adequate assessment of their business model from the perspective of key stakeholders and to develop an effective strategy for long-term sustainable functioning in the new business environment. This issue is particularly relevant for those economic entities that implement their activities, including through foreign representative offices. Determining the effectiveness of business entities ' representative offices abroad and evaluating their strategic performance, in addition to differences in approaches to accounting and public reporting, is also complicated by the specifics of the legal status of representative offices of economic entities, as well as the processes of legal regulation of their activities in different countries.