Academic literature on the topic 'National parks and reserves – Social aspects'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'National parks and reserves – Social aspects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "National parks and reserves – Social aspects"
1
Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja, and Agnieszka Pawłowska. "The Possibilities of Open-Cast Mining in Landscape Parks in Poland—A Case Study." Resources 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9100122.
Full textAbstract:
Landscape parks are one of the most important tools for nature conservation in Europe. Cultural landscape protection, coupled in particular with rural tradition of land use plays a very important role. A common feature of these popular protected areas is the fact that they are established legally, in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. Activities carried out in the landscape parks are not entirely subservient to nature conservation. This makes them different from national parks and natural reserves. In Poland, landscape parks together with their buffer zones cover more than 13% of the country’s territory, which frequently causes conflicts among mining entrepreneurs and limits their activities. Mining in landscape parks in Poland is not forbidden by domestic law; however, detailed guidelines in this respect are determined by the assembly of a given province. Additionally, the process of applying for an extraction licence could be burdened with the threat of social protests, which may result in extending it by many years, and because of which a project may fail to be completed. Optimal solutions to these obstacles are already proposed by “Czatkowice” Limestone Mine (Małopolska Province). This case study presents an efficient practice of a smooth and effective decision-making process of obtaining a new mining licence in a landscape park. It also outlines certain aspects of the social licence to operate (SLO) as well as some appropriate methods of acting in complicated environments and spatial conditions.
2
Ma, Ben, Yuqian Zhang, Yilei Hou, and Yali Wen. "Do Protected Areas Matter? A Systematic Review of the Social and Ecological Impacts of the Establishment of Protected Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 4, 2020): 7259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197259.
Full textAbstract:
There is growing interest in evaluating the effects of establishing protected areas (PAs). However, the mechanisms through which the establishment of PAs achieved significant positive effects remain unclear, and how different conservation mechanisms have achieved significant positive social and ecological benefits has also not been sufficiently studied. In this study, we systematically reviewed exemplary cases from Asia, Africa, and South America, using panel data to assess the conservation effectiveness of nature reserves and national parks. By surveying 629 literature samples reported in 31 studies, we found that the establishment of PAs has positive influences on poverty reduction, family incomes, household expenditure, employment, forest cover, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and a reduction in forest fragmentation. Furthermore, we analyzed the specific aspects that influence the publication of a paper in a high-impact journal. We found that publication is more likely when the research uses panel data, matching methods of data analysis, large samples, and plots or PAs as research units and has significant evaluation results. Our results suggest that future studies should use panel data and matching method analysis to assess the impacts of PAs from multiple perspectives and focus on the effectiveness of specific conservation mechanisms in achieving positive effects.
3
Wells, Michael P. "The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (December 1996): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039187.
Full textAbstract:
SummarySouth Africa contains an extensive, well-managed protected area network which generates considerable economic benefits from tourism, but the extensive land and financial resources required by the parks and reserves are difficult to reconcile with the acute social and economic development needs of poor rural people with very limited access to any kind of resources. Local communities have incurred substantial costs from the establishment of these parks while receiving few benefits in return. National and provincial governments, as well as the conservation authorities, have now recognized that the long-term future of parks and reserves depends on taking effective steps to redress the local imbalance of benefits and costs. Integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) are beginning to test a range of specific measures to increase local community participation in the benefits from protected areas. Parks have considerable resources and expertise which they can use to support local development through ICDPs, although it would be unrealistic to expect parks to solve widespread rural poverty amongst their neighbours. Instead, park authorities should take the lead in forming partnerships to mobilize the combined resources and expertise of other national and provincial government agencies, NGOs and the private sector, as well as the local communities themselves. Community participation in wildlife tourism may best be achievable through joint ventures with the private sector or park management authorities.
4
Azarova, I. "LEGISLATIVE AND NORMATIVE METHODS OF ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN UKRAINE." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 19 (October 3, 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.19.2019.13.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable development is quite popular scientific concept in a recent time, which formed the basis of the Ukrainian regional development strategic planning and regulation of urban development activities. However, the meth-odological basis for assessing the sustainability of the territorial development is still not developed and formalized enough. Methods for assessing the sustainability of territorial systems development in the economic, environmental and social spheres are still uncertain.Therefore, selected purpose of the study is an analysis of the existing methods of environmental assessment of the territorial development set forth in the legislative and regulatory documents, with further determination of the their suitability for conducting an assessment of the territorial development based on the sustainable development concept, which will form the scientific novelty of this study. To achieve this goal, the legislative and regulatory framework analysis was carried out in the field of territorial development, the main regulatory documents were identified. Subsequently, the definition of ecological assessment and its purpose for each of these basic documents was analyzed, environmental assessment methods and their application suitability for the environmental assessment of the territorial development based of the sustainable development concept were considered. It is concluded, that the environmental assessment methods proposed in these documents have numerous signifi-cant shortcomings when used for ecological assessment of the territorial development sustainability. There is no any formalized methodology for determining the sustainability of the relevant systems development in considered legisla-tive and regulatory documents. There is also an intersection of proposed environmental assessment methods with social and economic assessments. The optimality justifies of the adopted project decisions set issuing exclusively from the environmental and sanitary legislation requirements is incorrect in terms of sustainable development. The conclusion based on the obtained results was made about the need to improve the environmental assessment methods in their abil-ity of sustainable development concept implementation. The assessment of the current territorial state in the economic, social and environmental spheres must be carried out separately from each other while regional development strategies forms on the basis of sustainable development. It will pro-vide further assess of each sphere development balance and form a strategy direction for additional needed measures.Carrying environmental assessment, the strategy analysis for compliance with legislative and regulatory con-straints is insufficient in terms of the sustainable development concept. The assessment of environmental impacts should be carried out both for negative aspects and for positive, where the last are not normalized. Conclusions based on the negative environmental impacts absence are insufficient to consider strategies for developing such territories, as national parks or nature reserves. Therefore, the existing indicators system of environmental pollution levels by human activity as a basis for ecological assessment needs to be finalized, since it does not allow measuring the positive effects of some nature-recovery projects on the environment. Finally, it is necessary to formalize in legislative and regulatory documents the methods for the integrated sustainabil-ity assessment as a basis for consideration of alternative concepts for the territorial development. Formation and implementa-tion of appropriate methods can be selected as a direction for further research by the author on the chosen topic.
5
Schelhas, John. "The USA national parks in international perspective: have we learned the wrong lesson?" Environmental Conservation 28, no. 4 (December 2001): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000327.
Full textAbstract:
A highly polarized debate has emerged in the conservation literature about whether national parks in lesser developed countries should follow a strict protectionist model or find ways to accommodate the development and livelihood needs of local people. A number of social science critiques of national park practice and policy in lesser developed countries have argued that one of the chief problems facing national parks in particular, and biodiversity conservation in general, has been the USA national park model, often termed the ‘Yellowstone model’. This model, in which local and indigenous people and uses have been excluded from parks, has been blamed for harming local people, providing benefits to developed country interests at the expense of local people, high costs of park protection, and ineffective biodiversity conservation (Machlis & Tichnell 1985; West & Brechin 1991; Pimbert & Pretty 1995). Alternatives (henceforth referred to as ‘parks and people’ approaches) seek accommodations between parks and local people, and include community-based conservation, which promotes local involvement and/or control in park decision-making, and integrated conservation and development projects, which attempt to ensure conservation by meeting social and economic needs of local people through agroforestry, forestry, tourism, water projects, extractive reserves, and wildlife utilization.
6
Zhang, Wan Yi, and Min He. "On the Planning and Construction of Wetland Park." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.185.
Full textAbstract:
The paper explains the formation, development process, connotation and characteristics, so as to make it clear that the Wetland Parks are important for the utilization and protection of wetland. The paper also explains in detail the principles, direction and major points of the planning and construction of Wetland Parks. Then finally the writer’s suggestions for the construction of Wetland Park are expressed, and the future of Wetland Park is predicted. More and more widespread concern and attention has been attracted to wetland for its unique and important ecological, social and economic functions. Our country is strengthening the construction of wetland nature reserves, while we actively encourage the local to construct multifunctional Wetland Parks. Wetland Park, cultivates natural assets and expands environmental capacity. It functions in wetland ecosystem services in variety aspects, while it meets the needs of economic development of human society. At the same time, planning and construction of Wetland Parks is the effective and innovative means to create a good urban living environment.
7
Kosheliuk, T. V. "FEATURES OF FUNCTIONAL ZONING NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS IN UKRAINE." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391919.
Full textAbstract:
National natural parks, as one of the forms of nature conservation objects, best reflect the modern concept of the social role of protected areas, according to which the latter are not excluded from the sphere of economic use, but indirectly included in it in qualitatively new forms, in particular, through maintenance of the ecological balance in regions, preservation of specificity and use of ecosystem properties. Unlike nature reserves, national parks play an overwhelming role, while simultaneously combining the environmental and environmental objectives and the social plan. The article presents an analysis of the current state of functional zoning of national natural parks. This problem is very relevant at the present time because of the limited amount of research and data that can be relied on. Another legislative problem is the lack of a unified system for distributing territories between zones. National parks vary in their ratio and quantity in different ways. This problem for modern environmental activities is one of the key, based on the fact that functional zones are not only referred to differently, but also perform excellent functions. The author conducts research on the process of development of functional zoning, his scientific substantiation at the stage of the project organization of the territory of national natural parks. Comparable methods and approaches to the functional zoning of national parks. An example of jurisprudence is presented regarding the occurrence of conflict in the established boundaries of functional zones. Proposals on amendments to the current legislation are made. Functional zoning allows you to resolve conflict situations. Particularly protected natural areas traditionally perform the following functions: nature conservation, research, recreation, educational and cognitive, cultural heritage protection, and economic. The environmental function often conflicts with other target functions. The latter can be combined with each other: recreational and economic, recreational and educationalcognitive. The emergence and exacerbation of contradictions can be influenced by a number of factors: the socio-economic situation, the environmental situation, the existing types of land use and nature use. Avoid contradictions by zoning. Functional zoning reflects the spatial differentiation of environmental regimes and, after that, the differentiation of permissible and necessary activities. Specifying the mode allows you to regulate activities within each zone, determine access opportunities, optimal level of recreational load, rules of the internal order.
8
Turner, Jason A., Hans de Iongh, and Emma J. Dunston-Clarke. "Assessing the Social Cohesion of a Translocated Pride of White Lions Integrated with Wild Tawny Lions in South Africa, Using Social Network Analysis." Animals 12, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151985.
Full textAbstract:
In South Africa, lions are protected in national parks and smaller fenced reserves. Translocating lions between fenced reserves, whilst necessary to maintain genetic diversity, is disruptive and can impact survivorship and pride cohesion. Critical to translocation success is pride cohesion. White lions are a natural colour variant occurring in the Greater Kruger Park Region, where anthropogenic threats eliminated this population until reintroduction in 2006. Through social network analysis (SNA), the sociality of a released pride of captive-origin white and wild tawny lions was compared to two captive-origin and wild prides of tawny lions. Social interactions and pride dynamics were recorded for each pride. For all prides, cubs and subadults were central to the play network, while adults received the most social interactions. White and wild tawny adult males initiated more social interactions than captive-origin tawny males, whilst a keystone adult female was identified in each pride. For the constructed pride, social interactions were more evenly distributed, suggesting a high level of connectedness and cohesion. This is the first study to demonstrate that captive-origin white and wild tawny lions can form a socially functional pride, suggesting that white lions would survive in the wild in the absence of anthropogenic threats.
9
Dubуna, D. V., P. M. Ustymenko, and B. A. Baranovski. "Rare phytocoenotaxonomic diversity of the steppe zone of Ukraine: analysis and applied aspects." Ecology and Noospherology 33, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032201.
Full textAbstract:
Preservation of rare phytocenotic diversity is one of the priority tasks in the integral problem of biodiversity protection. The implementation of these tasks requires a transition to such principles as the use of a system of preventive/prophylactic and direct methods and modes of conservation depending on the type of vegetation and the homeostasis of plant communities. It was established that the state of rare groups of Ukraine has changed significantly over the past few decades, It is noted that the Steppe biome under the influence of a huge anthropogenic press not only underwent significant changes, but also lost its structure and regulatory properties, which led, in fact, to its destruction and the complete death of numerous elements. The purpose of the work was to compile information on the current state of rare groups in the steppe zone using data from ecological-cenotic and floristic studies, to assess their presence in the territories of biosphere and natural reserves and national natural parks in the region. Field research was carried out using classical geobotanical methods (detailed routing, establishment of test sites, geobotanical description). A critical analysis of the current rare phytocenophyte, the data of modern synphytosozological studies and the latest geobotanical information on the rare phytocenotic diversity made it possible to establish the modern rare phytocenophyte of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has 321 associations of 48 formations. The forest vegetation has only 16 associations of 3 formations. Steppe vegetation is characterized by the most numerous rare phytocenophand, which is represented by 180 associations of 19 formations, grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops and sands have 23 associations of 5 formations, 3 associations of one formation are established for swamp vegetation, halophytic vegetation is characterized by the presence of 13 associations of 5 formations. Higher aquatic vegetation is represented by 86 associations of 1 formation. Summarization of materials based on the results of geobotanical studies of rare taxa carried out in the region after the release of the state document «Green Book of Ukraine» in 2009 allowed to identify 96 associations (1 forest, 79 steppe, 7 grass and shrub communities of the xerotic type on outcrops, 3 halophytic, 6 water), which are new rare associations. The levels of their representation in biosphere reserves (BZ) and nature reserves (NP) and national natural parks (NPP) have been established. They are protected in 22 nature reserve territories (NPAs) of higher categorical ranks, in particular – in 3 BZ, 6 – PZ, 13 – NPP It was concluded that the state of protection of the rare vegetation of the region is typologically and syntaxonomically representative in the PZT system of the highest sociological rank. The level of security for most rare associations is high and average, in a small number of formations it is low. A small number of rare associations are protected in only one PZT, which is insufficient. A number of protected associations are represented by small fragments or groups with a weakened edifying value of the main components.
10
Bradshaw, S. D. "Albert Russell ('Bert') Main 1919 - 2009." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr10013.
Full textAbstract:
Bert Main (1919?2009)was recognized both nationally and internationally as one of Australia's leading zoologists and a gifted naturalist. His research and ecological teaching on a wide variety of animals, including frogs, reptiles, birds, insects and marsupials, laid the foundations for three generations of graduate students who were inspired by his imagination and biological insight. His foresight and energy as an administrator on government bodies also led to the creation of some of Western Australia's most important National Parks and Nature Reserves that are vital for the preservation of Australia's rich biodiversity and form part of his enduring legacy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National parks and reserves – Social aspects"
1
au, deb quarmby@supernerd com, and Debbie Quarmby. "The politics of parks : a history of Tasmania's national parks 1885-2005." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090422.140836.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the history of Tasmanias national parks and protected areas from 1885-2005, analysing the interests, and the organisations and individuals representing them, which have influenced outcomes. Significant organisations representing different and sometimes competing interests have been community based groups, chiefly the naturalist and scientific bodies, bushwalking clubs and environmental organisations; tourism associations, industry interests, notably forestry, mining and hydro-electricity, federal, local and state governments and government agencies, notably the National Parks and Wildlife Service. The thesis argues that the establishment and development of Tasmanias national parks and protected areas have been shaped by the negotiations, accommodations, conflicts and shifting relative power among these competing interests.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries consensus of interest among Tasmanias social and political elite facilitated the declaration of Tasmanias first scenery reserves and national parks. Conflicts of interest between preserving land in its natural state and industrial development grew apparent from the 1920s however, and Tasmanian governments managed park expansion through politics of compromise in which national parks accommodated industry demands. The environment movement that emerged in the 1960s protested national parks residual status and with federal government support defeated the State governments plan to build a dam within an area proposed for a Wild Rivers National Park. Following environmentalists success in over-riding State government processes to expand the States national park estate and World Heritage Area in the early 1980s; the State government strengthened its direct control over the National Parks and Wildlife Service and focused its attention on national parks tourism role. Aspects of tourism in national parks are, however, incompatible with the preservation of environmental and wilderness values, which resulted in further political conflict between government-supported tourism interests and the national parks movement.
This thesis complements earlier research on Tasmanian national park history by Mosley, Castles, Shackel, Mendel and Cubit by extending analysis of that history to the twenty-first century, examining the role of the National Parks and Wildlife Service in that history since the agencys inception in 1971, and addressing both environmental and social perspectives of national park history. It concludes that by the twenty-first century Tasmanian national park policy required a framework of social values associated with national parks in which to situate environmental protection as national parks primary purpose.
2
Rettie, Kathleen. "At home in national parks : a study of power, knowledge and discourse in Banff National Park and Cairngorms National Park." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2819.
Full textAbstract:
National Parks bear greater implications than simply preserving or conserving pockets of landscape. They evoke values of conservation versus development, livelihood economics, environmental stewardship and personal enrichment; they fulfil positions in relation to the national and the international stage. Social characteristics are revealed though this comparative study of Banff National Park and the Cairngorms National Park. Perceptions of space, place and boundaries crucially imply different meanings to the people living inside the national park boundaries and those living outside the boundaries. 'Insiders' are long-term permanent residents for whom being in the park is a practical activity; 'outsiders' include scientists, conservationists, bureaucrats, and tourists, who take various ideological positions regarding the park's purpose. Both sides take a serious interest in the park and how it is managed and regard it as a place where they are 'at home'. Groups within these spaces considers their values and rights superior to others and conflict often arises. Non-violent means of gaining power as theorized by Foucault and Bourdieu, employing knowledge and discourse, are highly suggestive in the study of national parks. Discourse of nature is strategically significant as it influences purpose and policy that drive government's decisions on how the park will be managed - in this way discourse shapes the culture of how we use nature. Knowledge, as symbolic capital and as the basis for truth, sparks divisiveness - in particular scientific knowledge versus experiential knowledge. Changes to the exclusive North American model, such as those instituted in the Caimgorms, mark the increased social utility and inclusive nature of national parks. The challenge remains for park managers to reconcile values connected with nationalism and environmental ethics with values connected with local livelihoods.
3
Swanepoel, Janie. "Custodians of the Cape Peninsula : a historical and contemporary ethnography of urban conservation in Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85810.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The official custodian of the Cape Peninsula mountain chain, located at the centre of Cape Town, is the Table Mountain National Park (TMNP). This park is South Africa’s only urban open-access park and has been declared a World Heritage Site. This thesis is an anthropological and historical examination of the past and present conservation of the Cape Peninsula . I provide an overview of the relationship between the urban environment and the Cape Peninsula aiming to illustrate the produced character of the mountains and its mediation in power relations. This study of custodianship reveals that protecting and conserving the Cape Peninsula is shaped by the politics of the urban and natural environment as well as by the experience of living in the city. As such, official and unofficial custodianship is informed by class and race differentiations, embedded in the politics of identity, responsive to the local and national political transformations in governance and connected to the urban struggles of the marginalised Capetonians. Furthermore, inherent in the notion of custodianship is the social appropriation of the Cape Peninsula which was shown to produce specific ideological representations of nature. The thesis presents an ethnographic study of Hangberg, a poor neighbourhood situated at the border of the TMNP. There, the encroachments and poaching within the park boundaries is addressed by focussing on the competing discourses between biodiversity, entitlement and heritage. The engagements between the TMNP, the state and Hangberg on the issues of conservation reveal the distinct complexities of running a national park in a city beset with inequalities. My focus on these engagements also illustrates that the manifestation of ‘community’ is a construction contingent upon circumstances which reflect a meaningful and political relationship between identity, citizenship and place, rather than a homogeneous group of people. I conclude with the idea that in attempting to make the park socially and racially equitable, urban conservation ought to begin to recognise its distinct urban character in the larger socio-environmental framework of the city.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die offisiële beskermheer van die Kaapse Skiereiland Bergreeks, geleë in die sentrum van Kaapstad, is die Tafelberg Nasionale Park (TNP). Die park is Suid-Afrika se enigste stedelike en oop-toegangspark en is verklaar as ’n Wêreld Erfenis Gebied. Hierdie tesis is ’n antropologiese en historiese studie van die huidige en geskiedkundige beskerming van die Kaapse Skiereiland. ’n Oorsig van die verhouding tussen die stedelike omgewing en die Kaapse Skiereiland ontbloot die geproduseerde karakter van die bergreeks en die bemiddeling daarvan in magsverhoudinge. ’n Studie van die beskermheerders van die Kaapse Skiereiland toon aan dat die beskerming en bewaring van die bergreeks (of dele daarvan) afhanklik is van die stedelike en nasionale politieke klimaat en die ervaring van ’n stedelike lewe. Sodoende word offisiële en nie-offisiële kuratorskap as klas- en ras-onderskeibaar, ingebed in identiteitspolitiek, verwant aan die plaaslike en nasionale politieke transformasies in die regering, en verbonde aan die stryd van armes in Kaapstad gedefinieer. Verder, inherent aan kuratorskap is die sosiale toe-eiening van die Kaapse Skiereiland wat spesifieke ideologiese voorstellings van die natuur in die stad produseer. Die tesis bied’n etnografiese studie van Hangberg aan, ’n arm woonbuurt geleë op die grens van die TNP. Ek bespreek die onwettige behuising en stropery binne die park se grense deur te fokus op die kompeterende diskoerse tussen biodiversiteit, regte en erfenis. Die onderhandelinge tussen die TNP, die staat, en Hangberg in verband met die kwessies rondom bewaring ontbloot die spesifieke kompleksiteit daarvan om ’n nasionale park in ’n stad geteister deur ongelykhede te bestuur. Hierdie fokus illustreer dat ‘gemeenskap’ manifesteer as ’n konstruksie wat afhanklik is van omstandighede en dui op ’n betekenisvolle en politieke verhouding tussen identiteit, burgerskap en plek, eerder as ’n homogene groep. Ek sluit af met die idee dat in ’n poging om die TNP meer sosiaal- en ras-inklusief te maak, behoort stedelike bewaring die spesifieke stedelike karakter daarvan te erken in die groter sosialeomgewingsraamwerk van die stad.
4
Todd, Alexa North. "Mapping Sociocultural Values of Visitors on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1637.
Full textAbstract:
Contested land-management plans make spatial data about values that people attach to the landscape necessary for federal land management. The study area for this project is the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, an area that is divided by a complex mosaic of land jurisdictions, including public lands administered by the National Park Service, National Forest Service, and Washington State, as well as interspersed tribal and private landholdings surrounding the perimeter. During the summer of 2012, I collected map and survey data from visitors at fourteen popular destinations around the Olympic Peninsula, including visitor centers, campgrounds, trail access points, and a ferry. Three research objectives were evaluated in my thesis: 1) determine a general typology of visitors, 2) understand what values and activities visitors associate with places in the peninsula, and 3) compare visitor data with resident data from the Human Ecology Mapping Project (HEM), a collaboration between the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, the Institute of Culture and Ecology, and Portland State University.
Analysis using ArcGIS included density and density hot spot calculations for a composite of the data as well as subsets based on types of visitors and individual values and activities. A majority of the participants were older males with higher education. Results indicate that visitors with different levels of familiarity spend time in different parts of the Peninsula. Aesthetic, recreation, and wilderness are the values most often included in the survey; hiking, non-cardio recreation, and sociocultural are the activity groups most often included in the survey. Visitors primarily mark places in Olympic National Park. Visitors, including those who live locally, responded in strikingly different ways than residents who participated in HEM. This research produced expected results that not only substantiate knowledge about specific places in the Olympic Peninsula, but also support theories about environmental cognition.
5
au, A. Wegner@murdoch edu, and Agathe Wegner. "Relationships with many facets: unpacking the interactions between protected area managers and commercial tour operators." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080131.140448.
Full textAbstract:
For protected areas worldwide, commercial tour operators are increasingly providing the services and products desired and needed by visitors to these areas. Given the engagement of both protected area managers and tour operators in protected areas, and inevitably with each other, it is critical that their relationship and its complexities are clearly understood. As such, the interests of managers and operators overlap insofar as that they work in the same locales, share some of the burden of service provision, and aim to offer a quality product. However, this study shows that they diverge in other ways, particularly given the commercial imperative that necessarily strongly influences the activities of their business, irrespective of its location. This thesis seeks to unpack the complexities of a relationship that is critically important both in terms of the quality of the tourism experiences offered by protected areas, and the conservation of such areas in the longer term. In order to obtain an understanding of the complexity of the interactions between protected area managers and tour operators, qualitative research methods were used, in which in-depth interviews provided a rich picture of the important diverse aspects and facets impacting on their relationships. This study found that both managers and operators considered the purpose of protected areas to be the conservation of biodiversity and their recreational use and enjoyment. Surprisingly, their similar values were unknown to them. A major influence on their relationships was their perceptions of power, with dominant power largely based on legislative and regulatory mandates, perceived to rest with the protected area managers. In contrast, this study also found evidence of resistant power. This form of Foucauldian power was held particularly by operators in one geographic locale, and was associated with the concepts of cultural groupings and groupthink. The underlying public policy context influenced the effectiveness of the collaborative efforts of managers and operators. Interwoven with these differences were variable expectations regarding the nature and purpose of communication and what collaboration might mean. These findings importantly suggest several future directions for both practice and research. First, managers and operators share values and hold both similar and different expectations and perceptions, similarities and differences which are significant. Secondly, understanding the importance of power and how it is exercised is critical if successful relationships between managers and operators are to be fostered. Finally, further unpackaging of the meaning of communication and collaboration for managers and operators, a process initiated in this study, is essential if relationships between these groups involved in conservation and recreation in protected areas are to be improved. Therefore, this study suggests that their collaboration can be enhanced at individual, organisational/locale and policy levels, by adopting and implementing an action research framework.
6
Johnson, Joseph Terry. "Racial Disparity in Social Spatiality: Usage of National Parks and Opera Attendance." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04052006-175950/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Toshi Kii, committee chair; Romney S. Norwood, Chip Gallagher, committee members. Electronic text (93 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 9, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-93).
7
Mansfeld, Christina. "Environmental impacts of prospecting and mining in Namibian national parks : implications for legislative compliance." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1646.
Full text
8
Heatherington, Tracey. "Environmental politics in a highland Sardinian community." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68102.
Full textAbstract:
The movement to protect wilderness resources can conflict with local intentions for land use and development, particularly in economically marginal areas. In rural Italy, on the island of Sardinia, the plan to create a Gennargentu National Park has incited active opposition on the part of the communities affected. In the town of Baunei, responses to environmental legislation are motivated by the desire to maintain communal control over common lands. Political action, both formal and informal, is organised by local understandings about the impact of certain laws and institutions on the town economy, principally by the restriction of residents' usi civici (traditional rights of usufruct). This thesis considers the role and meaning of the usi civici in Baunei, and the implications of this for environmental politics in Sardinia.
9
Xu, Shaowei Steve, and 許韶偉. "People and park conflicts in China: an observation from Shimentai nature reserve in Yingde, Guangdong Province." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B25058964.
Full text
10
Loibooki, Betrita M. "Tourism, conservation and local livelihoods at Mount Kilimanjaro National Park." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3585.
Full textBooks on the topic "National parks and reserves – Social aspects"
1
Nicolè, Simone. Studio sulle potenzialità d'integrazione sociale offerte da spazi naturali: Due esempi di progetti con persone disabili in Svizzera e Germania. Zürich: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Dept. Wald-und Holzforschung, 1999.
Find full text
2
Neumann, Roderick P. Imposing wilderness: Struggles over livelihood and nature preservation in Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Find full text
3
C, West Patrick, and Brechin Steven R. 1953-, eds. Resident peoples and national parks: Social dilemmas and strategies in international conservation. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991.
Find full text
4
The Kruger National Park: A social and political history. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 1995.
Find full text
5
B, Ghimire K., and Pimbert Michel P, eds. Social change and conservation: Environmental politics and impacts of national parks and protected areas. London: Earthscan Publications, 1997.
Find full text
6
Ghimire, K. B. Social change and conservation. 2nd ed. London: Earthscan, 2009.
Find full text
7
Ghimire, K. B. Social change and conservation. 2nd ed. London: Earthscan, 2009.
Find full text
8
Graves, Donald E. Guide to Canadian sources related to southern Revolutionary War national parks. Carleton Place, Ont: Ensign Heritage Consulting, 2001.
Find full text
9
Conservation and globalization: A study of the national parks and indigenous communities from East Africa to South Dakota. Belmont, CA, USA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2004.
Find full text
10
Ness, Sally Ann. Choreographies of landscape: Signs of performance in Yosemite National Park. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "National parks and reserves – Social aspects"
1
Fageraas, Knut. "Har utmarka blitt historie?" In Utmark i endring, 265–83. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.151.ch10.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past hundred years we have seen a wide-ranging agricultural land abandonment process and land-use transformation with respect to the outfields of rural areas. In addition, large outfield areas have been protected as nature reserves and national parks, concealing their cultural legacy. Despite a shift in the landscape’s status and its diminished importance to rural livelihoods, we have witnessed a broadened interest in the cultural heritage of outlying fields. This is apparent not least in the fact that the historical remains and cultural landscape of outfield areas have come to the forefront of national cultural heritage policy, are targets for tourism initiatives, and have been at the core of local identity struggles. This chapter takes as its point of departure the growing field of heritage politics in present day society through a focus on the many actors’ engagement with different aspects of the past in relation to landscape characteristics and historical remains in outfield areas. The aim is to provide insight into ways the past is managed and engaged in certain political, economic and social contexts, as a background to reflect on diverse aspects of cultural heritage, social justice related to its management, and its value for local communities. Cultural heritage policy and practices contribute to the varying uses of outfield areas, affecting ways people perceive the landscape, dwell within it, and – despite the potential for conflict of interest – see future opportunities.
2
Desderio, Chavunduka, Muchanyukwa Lawrence, Sifile Obert, and Mamimine Patrick. "Enhancement of Sustainable Strategic Management Practices at the Zimbabwe National PARKS and Wildlife Management Authority: A Brief Review." In Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3, 1–14. B P International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raass/v3/2704b.
Full text
3
Lekan, Thomas M. "Thinking Locally, Acting Globally." In Our Gigantic Zoo, 78–104. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199843671.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the frictions that emerged as the Grzimeks spoke on behalf of the world’s animals (and peoples) from their situatedness as celebrity scientists in West Germany. No Room for Wild Animals won over most critics and filmgoers because its doomsday portrayals of African endangerment projected European conservative anxieties about the perceived dark side of the “economic miracle” at home: the social dislocations of urbanization, the loss of traditional ways by mindless consumerism, and the pollution of land and water. The film energized discussions about how citizens of the Federal Republic might escape the diseases of civilization by creating their own national parks and outdoor zoos. The Grzimeks’ portrayals of reckless safaris in Africa, however, riled Germany’s conservation-minded hunters, who accused the pair of dramatizing wildlife endangerment to make a profit. Bernhard triumphed over his critics, but the public debates had raised uncomfortable memories of the German imperial origins of Africa’s game reserves and national parks that appeals to “global heritage” never resolved.
4
Rantšo, Tšepiso Augustinus, and Khotso Ketsi. "The State and Community-Based Projects of Environmental Conservation in Promoting Mountain Ecotourism in Lesotho." In Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry, 245–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1302-6.ch014.
Full textAbstract:
Lesotho is divided into four ecological zones, the Highlands, the Foot Hills, the Senqu River Valley, and the Lowlands. Many people in these geographic areas are faced with poverty, unemployment, and other social problems. As a result, they exploit the natural environment for making a living. To conserve the endangered natural species and promote mountain ecotourism, the Lesotho Government established national parks and nature reserves. These state-owned national parks followed a top-down approach where the locals were not involved in the decision-making. Thus, these were subjected to vandalism from communities in the adjacent areas. Some locals have established botanical gardens to conserve environmental resources, thus promoting mountain ecotourism. The state, NGOs, and private entrepreneurs support community-based projects of environmental conservation and mountain ecotourism. While some of the destinations have resulted in establishment of communication networks, many places in the Highlands remain inaccessible and thus negatively impact mountain ecotourism.
5
Marotta, Ilaria, Fabio Corbisiero, and Luigi Delle Cave. "Modeling Attitudes to Nature, Tourism, and Sustainable Development in National Parks." In Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry, 768–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch037.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter, part of the broader debate about the concept of sustainable tourism, pays particular attention to the characteristics and environmental, social, and economic effects of tourist flows in protected natural areas. The concept of sustainable tourism includes all those forms of tourism that are neither invasive nor destructive in relation to natural and cultural resources. The combination of tourism, protected areas, and sustainability is, in fact, a central lever in the analysis of local development processes. Based on the results of the survey, they identify several aspects that make up the profile of users, develop a sustainability index, assess the local impact of tourist flows, and reflect on socio-economic development processes in light of the consequences of the pandemic.