Relevant bibliographies by topics / National parks

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'National parks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "National parks"

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García-Melón, Mónica, Tomás Gómez-Navarro, and Silvia Acuña-Dutra. "AN ANP APPROACH TO ASSESS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURIST STRATEGIES FOR THE COASTAL NATIONAL PARKS OF VENEZUELA / VENESUELOS PAKRANTĖS NACIONALINIŲ PARKŲ DARNAUS TURIZMO STRATEGIJŲ VERTINIMAS ATP METODU." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.41.

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Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of “Los Roques” national park who provided most of the information needed. Santrauka Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas “Los Roques” nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos.
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Tangley, Laura. "Beyond National Parks." BioScience 38, no. 3 (March 1988): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310445.

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Parris, Thomas M. "Exploring National Parks." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 41, no. 5 (June 1999): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139159909604630.

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Steers, J. A., William S. Lacey, and Alan Hamilton. "Britain's National Parks." Geographical Journal 151, no. 2 (July 1985): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633540.

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Cochrane, Janet. "Indonesian national parks." Annals of Tourism Research 33, no. 4 (October 2006): 979–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.03.018.

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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.

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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
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Tian, Yunxi, Haidong Ning, Hongqian Ren, Jianjun Liu, Kai Wang, and Bo Hong. "National Fitness Evaluation of Urban Parks in the National Ecological Garden City: A Case Study in Baoji, China." Land 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060889.

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Urban parks are important places for residents to engage in physical activity (PA). Properly designed fitness facilities play a positive role in the PA level of park users. We conducted a quantitative evaluation of urban park systems based on the revised Chinese version of ParkScore (RCPS) from the perspective of national fitness. Baoji, one of the first National Ecological Garden Cities (NEGCs), was selected as a case study. We analyzed 19 parks and found that comprehensive parks and sports parks obtained high evaluation scores. The area of fitness facilities in Baoji urban parks was low, with an average of 1.85 hm2 per park. Professional sports venues and multifunctional sports venues each accounted for about one-third and children’s activity venues for about a quarter. There were many national fitness stations, but they covered a small area. Only 16% of parks had fitness trails, which was the least represented type of fitness facility. About 40% of the parks had children’s activity venues, with a 1:2 ratio of PA venue to amusement area. The area of free open venues accounted for only 0.1% of the total area of the parks. The number of parks per capita was about 52% of the overall NEGCs, accessibility of 500 m was 34%, and of 1000 m was about 54%. Overall, we found that the supply of Baoji urban parks was insufficient. These results directly reflect differences among fitness facilities in urban parks and can help form a quantitative basis for the optimization of urban park systems and advance the national fitness plan and promote public health.
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Glenn, Susan, Brian Chapman, Rebecca Rudman, and Ian Butler. "Biogeography of Mammals in Rocky Mountain National Parks." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (January 1, 1991): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.2953.

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The equilibrium theory of island biogeography proposes that on an island of a given area, there exists an equilibrium number of species when the rates of immigration and local extinction of species are equal (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). This theory has been applied to park systems because parks may act as functional islands when surrounding unprotected land is cleared of natural vegetation. Alteration of these surrounding habitats isolates these parks and reduces the effective area, causing a decrease in the equilibrium number of species. In animal communities, this process is called faunal collapse (Soule et al. 1979).The effects of park isolation and faunal collapse have been studied for mammals in Rocky Mountain parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986, Glenn and Nudds 1989). In western U.S. parks, extinctions were more numerous in smaller or older parks (Newmark 1987). Area, topographic diversity, and habitat diversity have been correlated with mammal species richness in western North American parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986). Initial population size was also related to the extinction probability of a species (Newmark 1986). It has been proposed that all parks in a region are subject to similar factors influencing local extinctions, and therefore a similar suite of species should become locally extinct in all parks (Patterson and Atmar 1986, Patterson 1987). This means that a nested subset pattern is produced, where parks with low species richness contain mainly species already present in parks with high species richness. This pattern was not found for Canadian parks, where even small parks contained different species assemblages (Glenn 1990). The objectives of this three-year study are to: (i) identify mammal species that have become locally extinct in each of the Rocky Mountain National Parks; (ii) distinguish between hypotheses regarding the causes of these local extinctions in National Parks; (iii) determine if the same species become locally extinct in all parks; and (iv) identify potential sites for future protection of species prone to extinction.
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Kőszegi, Margit, Alena Gessert, Janetta Nestorová-Dická, Péter Gruber, and Zsolt Bottlik. "Social assessment of national parks through the example of the Aggtelek National Park." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 71, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.71.2.4.

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Karst areas, which are less involved in productive activities are often declared protected areas that can have a positive impact on the lives of the local communities. To verify this hypothesis, we examine karst areas, where national parks have been established to preserve mostly geological but also biological values. According to the threefold system of objectives in national parks, not only protection and conservation, but also the presentation of the natural values to the outside world is important. Thus, tourism and related services are essential and often exclusive economic activities in these protected areas. Our questions are how national parks appear in the daily lives of the local communities and how much locals perceive the beneficial effects of national parks. The selected area of our study is the Gömör-Torna / Gemer-Turňa Karst on the Hungarian-Slovak border, where national parks have been established on both side of the border (Aggtelek National Park in Hungary and Slovak Karst National Park in Slovakia) to preserve karst landforms and caves. We conducted structured interviews with leaders of settlements in and around the national park. Interviews reveal the ambivalent system of everyday relationships. Local communities are experiencing multiple conflicts with national parks. The conflicts stem from the contrast that usually occurs within the threefold system of objectives of national parks (the tension between the practice of protection/preservation and presentation). Locals are negatively affected by the presence of national park as an authority, which limits to some extent their economic activities. They perceive national parks as barriers that prevents them from building a more diversified economy, so the existence of the national park is seen by the majority as a disadvantage rather than an advantage. Some people even question the need to protect nature, which can be seen as a legacy of the former socialist regime. Thus, we conclude that there is a need to change the attitudes of local communities more positive towards nature conservation.
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Mantell, Michael, Daniel H. Janzen, and F. William Burley. "Can National Parks Survive?" BioScience 36, no. 8 (September 1986): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310144.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National parks"

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Tripp, Michael William. "The emergence of national parks in Russia : with studies of Pribaikalski and Zabaikalski National Parks in the Lake Baikal region of south-central Siberia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ34287.pdf.

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Cimatche, Luc. "Managing 'ecotourism' in national parks : a case study of Korup National Park, Cameroon." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438132.

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Flickinger, Mark John. "Bicycle use in national parks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186671.

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Since national park visitation has been rapidly increasing each year, the National Park Service (NPS) has been struggling to manage their popular parks and control automobile-related problems: urbanization, crowding, emission pollution, and damage to natural resources. However, the advent of the mountain-bike and increased public interest in bicycling presents an opportunity for the NPS to alleviate its automobile use problems by enabling bicycle use as a transportation alternative. The purpose of this dissertation is to clarify the role of bicycle use in national parks and enable the NPS to create informed policies to support this role. A review was conducted of NPS bicycle facilities and use. An in-depth examination, involving four surveys and three case studies, was made of the personal and social aspects affecting bicycle use. Results indicated that perceptions about bicycle use and favorable support for increased access within national parks is generally consistent among the groups surveyed: trail users, general park visitors, and park service employees within park units and regional administrative offices. As an alternative to automobile use, the advantages of bicycling in front-country areas of parks appear to offset any disadvantages; while within back-country areas, the disadvantages appear to outweigh the advantages. To successfully increase bicycle access, plans should be created which maximize the benefits of bicycling and minimize potential disadvantages. Safety issues, trail user conflicts, and resource damage can be reduced through effective design. A focus should be placed on separating trail user groups and providing safe bicycle access on park roadways. National parks offer unique opportunities for bicycling since they attract a wide range of age groups and provide a relatively safe environment. Yet compared to local and state government agencies, the NPS appears to be lagging behind in the development of bicycle facilities. The three greatest impediments for improving facilities in national parks are lack of funding, rigidity in current transportation policies, and funding strategies that are centered on automobile use.
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Apostle, Alisa Catharine. "The view from the hill, national park culture and Gatineau Park, 1920-1960." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20602.pdf.

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Nayak, Diptimayee. "National parks : landscapes of justice or landscapes of dispossession? e/valuating Bhitarkanika national park." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2015. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8185.

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Rossi, Sebastian Dario. "Factors Affecting People-Park Relationships in Peri-Urban National Parks." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366840.

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Protected areas such as national parks are key mechanisms for conserving nature. They also provide important opportunities for people to engage in a range of nature based tourism and recreation activities, engendering active lifestyles and providing access to fresh air, solitude and nature. In part due to the psychological and health benefits of these activities, visitation to protected areas is increasingly popular, especially for parks close to cities. Rapid urban growth in many cities has also heightened demand for, and increased use of, protected areas. Visitor use of protected areas can however, adversely impact both visitors and local communities if not properly managed. National park managers face the challenge of accommodating often times competing expectations about these types of protected areas, including providing access without negatively affecting the natural environment or visitors’ experiences. Reliable information is needed about visitor characteristics, the activities they undertake, and their expectations of parks including the types of activities permitted. We also need to know how the values, attitudes, and travel patterns of visitors shape their park experiences. Moreover, we need to know how nearby communities interact with the park and their attitudes about visitor activities. To better understand how these factors potentially affect people-park interactions, including parks close to cities, this thesis assessed six peri-urban national parks in South East Queensland, Australia.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Rettie, Kathleen. "At home in national parks : a study of power, knowledge and discourse in Banff National Park and Cairngorms National Park." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2819.

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National Parks bear greater implications than simply preserving or conserving pockets of landscape. They evoke values of conservation versus development, livelihood economics, environmental stewardship and personal enrichment; they fulfil positions in relation to the national and the international stage. Social characteristics are revealed though this comparative study of Banff National Park and the Cairngorms National Park. Perceptions of space, place and boundaries crucially imply different meanings to the people living inside the national park boundaries and those living outside the boundaries. 'Insiders' are long-term permanent residents for whom being in the park is a practical activity; 'outsiders' include scientists, conservationists, bureaucrats, and tourists, who take various ideological positions regarding the park's purpose. Both sides take a serious interest in the park and how it is managed and regard it as a place where they are 'at home'. Groups within these spaces considers their values and rights superior to others and conflict often arises. Non-violent means of gaining power as theorized by Foucault and Bourdieu, employing knowledge and discourse, are highly suggestive in the study of national parks. Discourse of nature is strategically significant as it influences purpose and policy that drive government's decisions on how the park will be managed - in this way discourse shapes the culture of how we use nature. Knowledge, as symbolic capital and as the basis for truth, sparks divisiveness - in particular scientific knowledge versus experiential knowledge. Changes to the exclusive North American model, such as those instituted in the Caimgorms, mark the increased social utility and inclusive nature of national parks. The challenge remains for park managers to reconcile values connected with nationalism and environmental ethics with values connected with local livelihoods.
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MacEachern, Alan Andrew. "In search of Eastern beauty, creating national parks in Atlantic Canada, 1935-1970." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22480.pdf.

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Gibson, Mathew Sean. "Interpretation, aboriginal cultures and national parks /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envg449.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 1993.
"Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the course-work requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies in Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Adelaide, November,1993"--Cover.
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Ferguson, Lillian. "Collaboration for cross-boundary protected area management : focus on the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and Olympic National Park /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6211.

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Books on the topic "National parks"

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Trumbauer, Lisa. National parks. Bloomington, Minn: Yellow Umbrella, 2005.

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editor, Moon Viv, ed. National parks. Sydney: Lifetime Distributors, 1997.

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Fear, Sharon. National parks. Parsippany, N.J: Celebration Press, 2005.

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Weeks, Jennifer. National Parks. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre20140117.

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Worsnop, Richard L. National Parks. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre19930528.

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Arrandale, Tom. National Parks. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre1987052200.

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Association, Reader's Digest, ed. National parks. Pleasantville, N.Y: Reader's Digest Association, 1993.

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Storer, Tracy I. Our national parks. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1991.

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Weber, Michael. Our national parks. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1994.

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Winslow, Ellen. America's National Parks. New York: Gallery Books, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "National parks"

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Rolston, Holmes. "National Parks." In The Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics, 124–32. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315768090-14.

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Leinster-Mackay, Donald. "National Child Parks?" In The Rise of the English Prep School, 53–60. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153665-6.

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Griffiths, Dilwyn J. "National Parks and Conservation." In Tropical Ecosystems in Australia, 105–10. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429328008-8.

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Hritonenko, Natali, and Yuri Yatsenko. "National and State Parks." In USA Through the Lens of Mathematics, 71–98. Boca Raton: A K Peters/CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003229889-3.

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Cooper, Malcolm J. M. "Volcanic National Parks in Japan." In Volcanic Tourist Destinations, 231–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_18.

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Treadwell, Timothy. "Astronomy in the National Parks." In The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, 67–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50002-7_5.

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Ramírez, Fernando, and Josefina Santana. "National Parks and Biodiversity Conservation." In SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, 33–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01968-6_6.

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Lemons, John. "Ecological Integrity and National Parks." In Environmental Science and Technology Library, 177–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0451-7_12.

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Li, Li. "American National Parks: Symbolic Landscapes." In Geocriticism and Spatial Literary Studies, 169–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03914-0_10.

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Kellett, Michael J. "America Needs More National Parks." In Protecting the Wild, 194–207. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-551-9_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "National parks"

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Bilderback, Eric L. "ROCKFALL MONITORING IN THE NATIONAL PARKS." In PRF2022—Progressive Failure of Brittle Rocks. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022pr-376038.

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Ouellette, Noel, Lisa Whitenack, Christy C. Visaggi, Vincent L. Santucci, and Justin S. Tweet. "AN INVENTORY OF PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN NATIONAL PARK SERVICE COASTAL PARKS." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-389791.

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Wenqing Li, Linfu Xue, Chunyan Deng, and Man Wang. "Panorama display system of National Geological Parks." In 2010 2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2010.5568852.

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Rideout, D. B., P. S. Ziesler, and Y. Wei. "Comparing environmental values across major U.S. national parks." In FOREST FIRES 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva100191.

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Brumen, Bostjan, and Mihaela Franjic. "The Use of Intranet in Croatian National Parks." In 2021 44th International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro52101.2021.9596711.

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Aldred, Jennifer, Greg M. Stock, and Sheree Peshlakai. "INCREASING SCIENCE EDUCATION IN NATIONAL PARKS: A NEW GEOLOGY-FOCUSED AUDIO TOUR ON YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK'S MOBILE APP." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358847.

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Mkwizu, Kezia. "Experiences and enjoyment of national parks: A pilot study of domestic tourists at Mikumi National Park in Tanzania." In AADNIC-ABMECR 2022: The 4th Africa-Asia Dialogue Network International Conference on Advances in Business Management and Electronic Commerce Research 2022. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3572996.3573002.

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Despain, Joel, and Patricia N. Kambesis. "ENIGMATIC SPELEOGENESIS, SEQUOIA AND KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARKS, CALIFORNIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337311.

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Díaz-Martín, Diego, Tomás Gómez-Navarro,, and Mónica García Melón. "Modelling Decision Making in the Management of National Parks." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2014.124.

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Krozer, Y., M. Lordkipanidze, T. Bijma, and F. van den Akker. "Income generation from tourism in National Parks: European experience." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp070982.

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Reports on the topic "National parks"

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Gelfeld, Vicki. AARP Travel Research: National Parks. AARP Research, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00120.001.

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KellerLynn, Katie. Redwood National and State Parks: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287676.

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Comprehensive park management to fulfill the NPS mission requires an accurate inventory of the geologic features of a park unit, but Comprehensive park management to fulfill the NPS mission requires an accurate inventory of the geologic features of a park unit, but park managers may not have the needed information, geologic expertise, or means to complete such an undertaking; therefore, the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) provides information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in the GRI report may also be useful for interpretation. park managers may not have the needed information, geologic expertise, or means to complete such an undertaking; therefore, the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) provides information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in the GRI report may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting for Redwood National and State Parks (referred to as the “parks” throughout this report) held in 2004 and a follow-up conference call in 2019. Two GRI–compiled GIS data sets of the geology and geohazards of the parks are the principal deliverables of the GRI. The GRI GIS data are available on the GRI publications website http://go.nps.gov/gripubs and through the NPS Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) portal https://irma.nps.gov/App/Portal/Home. Enter “GRI” as the search text and select a park from the unit list. Writing of this report was based on those data and the interpretations of the source map authors (see “GRI Products” and “Acknowledgements”). A geologic map poster illustrates the geology GRI GIS data set and serves as a primary figure for this GRI report. No poster was prepared for the geohazards GRI GIS data set. Additionally, figure 7 of this report illustrates the locations of the major geologic features in the parks. Unlike the poster, which is divided into a northern and southern portion to show detail while accommodating the parks’ length, figure 7 is a single-page, simplified map. The features labeled on figure 7 are discussed in the “Geologic History, Features, and Processes” chapter. To provide a context of geologic time, this report includes a geologic time scale (see "Geologic History, Features, and Processes"). The parks’ geologic story encompasses 200 million years, starting in the Jurassic Period. Following geologic practice, the time scale is set up like a stratigraphic column, with the oldest units at the bottom and the youngest units at the top. Organized in this manner, the geologic time scale table shows the relative ages of the rock units that underlie the parks and the unconsolidated deposits that lie at the surface. Reading the “Geologic Event” column in the table, from bottom to top, will provide a chronologic order of the parks’ geologic history. The time scale includes only the map units within the parks that also appear on the geologic map poster; that is, map units of the geohazards data are not included. Geology is a complex science with many specialized terms. This report provides definitions of geologic terms at first mention, typically in parentheses following the term. Geologic units in the GRI GIS data are referenced in this report using map unit symbols; for example, map unit KJfrc stands for the Cretaceous (K) and Jurassic (J) Franciscan Complex (f), Redwood Creek schist (rc), which underlies a portion of the Redwood Creek watershed (see “GRI Products”).
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Cleary, Summers. Land Cover Summary Statistics for National Capital Region Park Units. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301309.

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This report documents the acquisition of source data, and calculation of land cover summary statistics datasets for ten National Park Service National Capital Region park units and three custom areas of analysis: Catoctin Mountain Park, Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park, George Washington Memorial Parkway, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Manassas National Battlefield Park, Monocacy National Battlefield, National Capital Parks - East, Prince William Forest Park, Rock Creek Park, Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, and the three custom areas of analysis - National Capital Parks - East: Oxon Cove Park, Oxon Hill Farm, Piscataway Park, National Capital Parks - East: Greenbelt Park and Baltimore-Washington Parkway, and National Capital Parks - East: DC and Suitland Parkway. The source data and land cover calculations are available for use within the National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring Program. Land cover summary statistics datasets can be calculated for all geographic regions within the extent of the NPS; this report includes statistics calculated for the conterminous United States. The land cover summary statistics datasets are calculated from multiple sources, including Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium products in the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and United States Geological Survey?s (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center products in the Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) raster dataset. These summary statistics calculate land cover at up to three classification scales: Level 1, modified Anderson Level 2, and Natural versus Converted land cover. The output land cover summary statistics datasets produced here for the ten National Capital Region park units and three custom areas of analysis utilize the most recent versions of the source datasets (NLCD and LCMAP). These land cover summary statistics datasets are used in the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program, including the NPS Environmental Settings Monitoring Protocol and may be used by networks and parks for additional efforts.
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Gelfeld, Vicki, and Patty David. AARP Travel Research: National Parks: Infographic. AARP Research, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00120.002.

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Runyon, Amber, John Gross, Gregor Schuurman, David Lawrence, and Joel Reynolds. Methods for assessing climate change exposure for national park planning. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302720.

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Climate change is already threatening resources, assets, operations, and visitors in national parks. As park managers cope with existing challenges and adapt to a rapidly changing climate, demand is growing for products that characterize how climate is projected to change in the future (?climate exposure?). To meet this demand, the National Park Service Climate Change Response Program has developed park-specific summaries of climate exposure for all parks in the conterminous U.S. to help inform and support a broad range of climate assessments and adaptation efforts and activities. This report describes methods to assess historical climate trends, develop and select relevant, divergent climate futures, and calculate metrics used in the climate future summaries.
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Leis, Sherry, Lloyd Morrison, and Tani Hubbard. Long-term trends in prairie vegetation at three national parks: 1998?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302359.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network has monitored plant communities in National Parks since 1998. Three of those parks in the northern tier of the network?Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (NHS), Homestead National Historical Park (NHP), and Pipestone National Monument (NM)?have reconstructed tallgrass prairie communities and were sampled concurrently in 2022. In this combined report, we describe similarities and differences among the three parks related to current vegetation and trends. Climatically, Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP have similar temperature profiles, but Homestead NHP is drier. Pipestone NM differs from the other two parks in temperature and precipitation. Long-term climatic signals for major drought events varied by park, and moisture at Herbert Hoover NHS is likely to increase with climate change. Precipitation shifts could influence vegetation trends in the future requiring action such as flood mitigations, wildfire protections during prolonged drought, and consideration for species additions to adapt to new climate profiles. Plant composition was similar for Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP while the combination of plant species and abundances at Pipestone NM was different from the other two parks, especially within the Sioux Quartzite community type. There appeared to be some compositional shifts over time for Homestead NHP. That trend was supported by greater species turnover at Homestead NHP than the other two parks. The reconstruction at Homestead NHP is older than that of Herbert Hoover NHS and possibly Pipestone NM, but we are unable to determine the underlying causes of species changes. Quality assessment procedures provided a moderate level of confidence in our data with respect to botanist agreement on identifications. We met our goal of about 80% agreement in species composition. Cover class agreement was greater than?70%, with less than 4% of observations off by more than one class. Native species richness trends varied by park. Herbert Hoover NHS continues to gain native species while Pipestone NM is losing species. Species richness at Homestead NHP did not exhibit a directional trend. Pipestone NM tended to have less cover of forbs and grasses than the other two parks, reflecting the more complex geological landscape with surface rock. Grass abundance appears to be declining from baseline years for all three parks. Grass-like and fern guilds are much less abundant in all the parks than other plant guilds. Woody plants in 2022 were similar at Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP in terms of mean cover and heterogeneity across the prairies, but tree encroachment into the grasslands is a potential concern. Pipestone NM generally had fewer woody plants (including tree seedlings) in 2022, but the amount varied through time. Canopy closure, measured for the first time in 2022, was present in all three parks, but was greatest at Homestead NHP. Nonnative plant cover was the greatest at Pipestone NM, but current abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS was greater in 2022 than baseline years. Homestead NHP consistently had little nonnative plant cover since 2005. Abundance (% cover) of two nonnative grasses of concern?Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis)?differed by park and year. Recent increases in Kentucky bluegrass abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS might reflect changes in management. Although these parks have individual differences in climate as well as in timing and use of management actions, they share similar histories of cultivation and reconstruction. Efforts to restore or reconstruct portions of the prairie at Pipestone NM were unique among the three parks. Future analyses might continue to combine Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP but examine Pipestone NM separately; the unique geologic history and differences in vegetation communities at Pipestone NM may make individual assessment a better option. However, comparing trends in guilds of concern, such as woody and nonnative plants, across all three parks can be helpful for gauging success with management tools in light of regional changes in climate.
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Sheilds, Claire, and Vicki Ward. Reporting information for commercial air tour operations over units of the national park system: 2020 annual report. National Park Service, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299664.

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Beginning in 2013, commercial air tour operators who conduct tours over units of the national park system have been required to report their air tour activity to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Park Service (NPS). The purpose of this report is to provide a high-level quantitative summary of the data provided by air tour operators for flights conducted in 2020. The NPS and FAA use these data to implement requirements of the National Parks Air Tour Management Act of 2000, as amended, including the identification of parks where an air tour management plan or voluntary agreement is required. The National Parks Air Tour Management Act of 2000, as amended, requires that park units with more than 50 annual tours establish an air tour management plan or voluntary agreement. While units with 50 or fewer tours are exempt from the requirement to establish a plan or agreement, NPS may withdraw an exemption if NPS determines that a plan or agreement is necessary to protect park resource and values, or visitor use and enjoyment.
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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross, and Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.

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The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
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Ginis, Isaac, Deborah Crowley, Peter Stempel, and Amanda Babson. The impact of sea level rise during nor?easters in New England: Acadia National Park, Boston Harbor Islands, Boston National Historical Park, and Cape Cod National Seashore. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304306.

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This study examines the potential impact of sea level rise (SLR) caused by climate change on the effects of extratropical cyclones, also known as nor?easters, in four New England coastal parks: Acadia National Park (ACAD), Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (BOHA), Boston National Historical Park (BOST) and Cape Cod National Seashore (CACO). A multi-method approach is employed, including a literature review, observational data analysis, coupled hydrodynamic-wave numerical modeling, 3D visualizations, and communication of findings. The literature review examines previous studies of nor?easters and associated storm surges in New England and SLR projections across the study domain due to climate change. The observational data analysis evaluates the characteristics of nor?easters and their effects, providing a basis for validating the model. Numerical modeling is performed using the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model, coupled with the Simulating Waves in the Nearshore (SWAN) model to simulate storm surges and waves. The model was validated against available observations and demonstrated its ability to simulate water levels, inland inundation, and wave heights in the study area with high accuracy. The validated model was used to simulate three powerful nor?easters (April 2007, January 2018, and March 2018) and each storm was simulated for three sea levels, (1) a baseline mean sea level representative of the year 2020, as well as with a (2) 1 ft of SLR and (3) 1 m of SLR. Analysis of the model output was used to assess the vulnerability of the parks to nor?easters by examining peak impacts in the park areas. Additional simulations were conducted to evaluate the role of waves in predicting peak water levels and the impact of inlet configurations on storm surges within coastal embayments behind the barrier beach systems in the southern Cape Cod region. The project developed maps, three-dimensional visualizations, and an interpretive film to assist the parks in planning for resource management, maintenance, emergency management, visitor access, safety, education, and outreach. These tools provide a better understanding of the potential impacts of nor?easters and SLR and enable the parks to better prepare for future storms.
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal, and Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.
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