Journal articles on the topic 'National Museum of Kenya'
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1
Gorham, M. Victoria. "Displaying the Nation: Museums and Nation-Building in Tanzania and Kenya." African Studies Review 63, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 487–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2020.54.
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Abstract:Taking as a starting point the observation that Tanzania has historically been a more effective nation-builder than Kenya, Gorham asks why that is the case, focusing on the construction of national narratives in state-run museum spaces to gain a better understanding of official nationalist pedagogy. State-run museums are spaces where states can articulate their vision of the nation, and by cataloging and analyzing the content of exhibits, one can better understand the different types of narratives constructed by states with diverging nation-building strategies. The narratives produced in museum sites in Tanzania and Kenya differ in terms of their consistency, clarity, and inclusivity.
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Nguta, Lydia, and Jacqueline Omuya. "Effect of Ethnic Diversity on Employee Performance at the National Museum of Kenya." International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v5i2.662.
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According to the assessment report from the Quality Assessment and Performance Improvement Strategy, it was identified that the staff members of the state corporations in Kenyan exhibited low performance levels, leading to a decline in employee satisfaction. The National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) audit report revealed disparities in race and ethnicity within the corporations. The primary objective of the research was to examine the impact of ethnic diversity on the performance of employees at the National Museum of Kenya. The research drew guidance from similarity/attraction theory. In the study, a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. The total population comprised 550 employees at various personnel levels at the National Museum of Kenya headquarters. A population sample of 110 members was selected through Stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to the chosen sample. To ensure the reliability of the instrument, Cronbach's Alpha was employed. Descriptive statistics was utilized for analysis of quantitative data, with the results presented through tables, figures, graphs, and prose. The research uncovered significant positive correlations between ethnic diversity and employee performance within the National Museum of Kenya. This underscores the importance of cultivating diversity when hiring personnel, as it contributes to enhanced performance. Furthermore, ensuring equal opportunities for promotion fosters employee motivation and dedication. To maximize the benefits of ethnic diversity, organizations should actively promote it and harness the collaborative potential of diverse work groups to improve both individual and organizational performance.
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Stewart, Peter. "The Sixth Extinction: Biodiversity and its Survival." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980172.
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Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin are recognized authors in the field of natural history and palaeontology. Leakey was for many years Director of the National Museums of Kenya and, until recently, Director of the Kenya Wildlife Service. It was in this role that he probably became most famous when he instigated the burning of twentyfive hundred gasoline soaked elephant tusks, to advertise the plight of the endangered African Elephant. Roger Lewin is an Associate of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
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Lagat, Kiprop. "Representations of Nationhood in the Displays of the National Museums of Kenya (NMK): The Nairobi National Museum." Critical Interventions 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19301944.2017.1309942.
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Carotenuto, Matthew, and Katherine Luongo. "Navigating the Kenya National Archives: Research and its Role in Kenyan Society." History in Africa 32 (2005): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0007.
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Situated at the edge of the central business district in downtown Nairobi, the Kenya National Archives (KNA) is a reservoir and living example of historical and ethnographic knowledge. Straddling the boundary between “tourist” Nairobi and “real” Nairobi, the KNA inhabits a space that transcends both function and class in a cosmopolitan, urban setting. The archives look out on the landmark Hilton Hotel, together with the swarms of up-market tourists and wealthy locals it attracts. On the KNA's rear, Tom Mboya street serves a modern gateway to the crushing, chaotic avenues and alleys that the vast majority of Nairobi's citizens tread daily as they depart from and return to the stark realities of Nairobi's eastern slums. Engulfed by the wailing horns of passing matatus and the rhythmic calls of street hawkers, the spaces inside and outside the archive offer a rich terrain for social scientists interested in both contemporary and historical Kenya.The composition of the KNA's clientele also reflects the boundaries that the archives span. Throughout the day, international tourists and local schoolchildren trickle into the groundfloor museum (currently undergoing a major renovation supported by the Ford Foundation) to view the extensive collection of artifacts and photographs representing Kenya's diverse cultures and rich history. Tucked away upstairs, a broad spectrum of patrons works and studies in the archives' reading room, using the KNA's resources for a variety of professional and personal projects.
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Franco, Susanne. "Reenacting Heritage at Bomas of Kenya: Dancing the Postcolony." Dance Research Journal 47, no. 2 (July 27, 2015): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767715000170.
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This article deals with the representation of Kenyan national identity through dance. It analyses the reenactment of a series of ethnic dances at Bomas of Kenya, a cultural center located just outside Nairobi and part of the network of National Museums of Kenya. As an institution resulting from a strategic political investment in both Kenya's immaterial heritage and the tourist industry, since its inception in the early 1970s Bomas of Kenya has played an important role in conveying the idea of ethnic harmony and national unity. The comparison with Cut Off My Tongue (2009), the show by Kenyan writer and performer Sitawa Namwalie in which dance is interwoven with political satire to frame reflections on negative ethnicity, serves to highlight the implications that different approaches to dancing bodies, through such concepts as identity, embodiment, archive, and memory, could have for a meaningful political future.
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Wright, Kristina Dziedzic, David K. Wright, Nicholas Wiltshire, and Jenna Lavin. "DIGITAL KITAMBO: DECOLONISING NARRATIVES AND BRINGING THE PAST INTO THE FUTURE AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF KENYA." Herança 6, no. 1 (March 8, 2023): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52152/heranca.v6i1.667.
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The Swahili word ‘kitambo’, which refers to occurrences in the past that are understood to be at least indirectly connected to the speaker, can be used to describe experimental museology through digital cultural heritage. There is a need to improve access and enhance conservation goals within African cultural heritage institutions, and the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) has been developing innovative technologies and communication tools with the Kenya Heritage Resource Information System (KEHRIS). This paper will discuss Digital Kitambo—a pilot project completed at NMK from 2013 – 2019 to create the spatially integrated database KEHRIS, digitise 10,000 artefacts and specimens from the archaeology and palaeontology collections, and develop digital learning programmes to engage a wider audience. Qualitative research methodology included participant observation, qualitative interviews and focus groups with museum staff as well as focus groups with primary and secondary teachers to develop curricula for local schools. This paper traces the evolution of Digital Kitambo from its inception and reflects on both the successes and shortcomings of the initiative with particular attention to its goals of decolonising the museum’s collections and contributing to new national narratives by engaging the public through digital initiatives.
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Wright, Kristina, David Wright, Nicholas Whltshire, and Jenna Lavin. "DIGITAL KITAMBO: DECOLONISING NARRATIVES AND BRINGING THE PAST INTO THE FUTURE AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF KENYA." Herança 6, no. 1 (March 8, 2023): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29073/heranca.v6i1.667.
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The Swahili word ‘kitambo’, which refers to occurrences in the past that are understood to be at least indirectly connected to the speaker, can be used to describe experimental museology through digital cultural heritage. There is a need to improve access and enhance conservation goals within African cultural heritage institutions, and the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) has been developing innovative technologies and communication tools with the Kenya Heritage Resource Information System (KEHRIS). This paper will discuss Digital Kitambo—a pilot project completed at NMK from 2013 – 2019 to create the spatially integrated database KEHRIS, digitise 10,000 artefacts and specimens from the archaeology and palaeontology collections, and develop digital learning programmes to engage a wider audience. Qualitative research methodology included participant observation, qualitative interviews and focus groups with museum staff as well as focus groups with primary and secondary teachers to develop curricula for local schools. This paper traces the evolution of Digital Kitambo from its inception and reflects on both the successes and shortcomings of the initiative with particular attention to its goals of decolonising the museum’s collections and contributing to new national narratives by engaging the public through digital initiatives.
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Too, Samson Kipketer. "Research Knowledge Management using Mobile Technologies: Challenges and Solutions at the National Museum of Kenya." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. II (2024): 1611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.802113.
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Knowledge is widely acknowledged as a pivotal asset, and various perspectives underscore the significance of effectively marshaling, deploying, and sharing knowledge within an organization for achieving organizational success. The National Museum of Kenya (NMK) was established with the primary goal of enriching knowledge and facilitating sustainable utilization of research information resources by stakeholders. However, the increasing diversification of knowledge sources has rendered content creation and knowledge management processes complex and laborious. Consequently, this complexity has resulted in inefficiencies throughout the knowledge management process, leading to inadequacies and disorganization. Despite the adoption of knowledge management systems, the integration of mobile phone technology in research activities at the museum has been neglected. This study aimed to scrutinize knowledge management practices at the NMK through the use of mobile apps, examine the associated challenges, and propose viable solutions. The study’s objectives were to investigate the challenges faced by researchers in generating knowledge and recommend feasible mobile technological solutions to address these challenges. The study was guided by the Knowledge Management Process Model, and employed a qualitative case study approach. The target population comprised researchers, knowledge managers, and ICT staff at the museum. Since this study was purely qualitative, data collection was achieved through interviews, and analyzed using narrative methods. The findings indicated that the NMK has implemented web-based systems supporting knowledge management activities. However, mobile phone technology has not been incorporated into any aspect of the museum’s knowledge management support tools. The study highlighted challenges such as; delayed data acquisition, misplacement of specimens, time consuming processes, data inaccuracies, and inefficiencies in knowledge management processes. Further, it was established that relying solely on web-based systems limits the flexibility of researchers in adapting to dynamic field conditions. Thus, this study recommends integrating mobile technologies into the knowledge management process at the National Museum of Kenya as a solution to the highlighted challenges. Mobile apps, known for their effectiveness and reliability, particularly in remote areas, offer a practical solution. This integration empowers researchers with more accessible and versatile tools, fostering improved content creation and knowledge management while ensuring inclusivity and efficiency, even in resource-constrained environments.
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Otieno, Nickson E., Kenneth Njoroge, Bernard Agwanda, Mary Gikungu, and John Mauremooto. "Mobilizing digitized museum specimen records to highlight important animal pollinators in East Africa." Collection Forum 28, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2014): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-0005-28.1.21.
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Abstract There is an increasing global demand for existing natural history information for use in education, conservation, and policy formulation. Museum specimen collection records, being voluminous, are particularly significant in addressing such demands. This is even more critical in developing countries where daily human life is intimately linked to the environment. We demonstrate how existing museum specimen collection records were mobilized to highlight important animal pollinators in three East African countries. The bulk of the records were obtained from a Specify database of existing zoological collections held at the National Museums of Kenya, and the rest were from such alternative sources as published material, discussions with pollination experts, and online taxonomic portals and other tools. Identified to genus or species level, pollinator-ranking criteria encompassed region-wide distribution, number of plants pollinated, importance index of plants pollinated, and plant dependency on pollination. Overall, insects, especially Apis mellifera, were the most important pollinators in the region, pollinating the largest number of plants of diverse domestic, socioeconomic, and ecological significance. The results underscore potential use of specimen record-based informatics to guide agricultural and economic policy in East Africa.
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Abungu, Lorna. "The National Museums of Kenya: A Brief Overview." Leonardo 32, no. 2 (April 1999): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409499553073.
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Farah, Idle. "The National Museums of Kenya: Achievements and Challenges." Museum International 58, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00547_1.x.
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Oketch, Dancun A., Esther N. Kioko, and Shuqiang Li. "Three new species of the genus Toxoniella (Araneae, Liocranidae) from Mount Kenya National Park, Kenya." African Invertebrates 62, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.62963.
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Three new species of the genus Toxoniella Warui & Jocqué, 2002 of the family Liocranidae Simon, 1897 are described from Kenya: T. tharaka Oketch & Li, sp. nov., T. waruii Oketch & Li, sp. nov., and T. nyeri Oketch & Li, sp. nov. Types are deposited in the National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Nairobi, Kenya.
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Fouéré, Marie-Aude, and Maëline Le Lay. "Invisible Inventories. Questioning Kenyan Collections into Western Museums. — Exposition présentée au National Museums of Kenya." Cahiers d'études africaines, no. 251-252 (November 15, 2023): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.46128.
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Otike, Japhet. "The work of a special library: The experience of the library of the Kenya National Museum." International Library Review 22, no. 3 (July 1990): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7837(90)90020-g.
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Grossman, Ari, and Fredrick Kyalo Manthi. "National Museums of Kenya conference: Out of Africa I." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 16, no. 1 (February 26, 2007): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.20129.
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YAO, ZHIYUAN, GRACE M. KIOKO, ESTHER N. KIOKO, and SHUQIANG LI. "Three new species of the spider family Pholcidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Taita-Taveta, Kenya." Zootaxa 4651, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.7.
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Only nine species of the spider family Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850 are endemic in Kenya. In this study, three new species from Taita-Taveta County, southern Kenya are reported. They belong to two genera of the pholcid spiders: Buitinga qingyuani Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), B. wamitii Yao & Li sp. nov. (male), and Smeringopus voi Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female). All material studied is deposited in the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Isahakia, Mohamed. "Letter from the Director of the National Museums of Kenya." Journal of East African Natural History 83, no. 1 (January 1994): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(1994)83[2:lftdot]2.0.co;2.
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Barlow, Clive R., Richard P. Reading, Sidney Shema, and Glyn Maude. "Homogeneity in cranial biometrics and bill morphology is verified by measurements from The Gambia, Botswana and Kenya in the case of the putative sub-species of the highly commensal Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus monachus and non-commensal Necrosyrte." Vulture News 78 (February 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v78i1.1.
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We present biometrical data assembled from a combined total of 37 complete and partially cleaned skulls and feathered heads for the two putative subspecies of Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus monachus and N. m. pileatus (which Mundy et al. (1992) credibly argue should be N. m. carunculatus). We report on mostly insignificant variation in measurements taken from across three regions of the Hooded Vulture range. For N. m. pileatus (n = 22) the measurements are assembled from 13 live birds captured, tagged and released in Botswana between 2014-2017, seven museum specimens held in The National Museums of Kenya collected during 1913-1950, and two as described below. We compare with N. m. monachus (n = 14) where we measured eight specimens produced by road traffic accidents in The Gambia 2002-2019 of which seven are cleaned bare skulls and one a feathered study skin. We also measured six feathered heads and three skulls from several different countries in Africa, collected during 1832-1929 (n = 6 monachus, 2 pileatus, and 1 unknown) and held at the Natural History Museum, Tring, UK. Cranial materials for Hooded Vulture are scarce in world museums and the Gambian sample consisting of seven cleaned skulls represents the largest known number for a single country. Different populations across the regions vary considerably in both feeding habits and home ranges. We hypothesised that different foraging ecologies may have led to adaptation in bill morphology. Presented here for the first time are a series of skull morphometrics which test for variation in cranial biometrics and bill morphology from across the range of the Hooded Vulture. The Gambian bird has been DNA sequenced and a planned genetics study of other populations will resolve the long-standing taxonomic debate.
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Tong, Yanfeng, Shijia Liu, Esther N. Kioko, Grace M. Kioko, and Shuqiang Li. "Taxonomic studies on seven species of the genus Opopaea (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Kenya." African Invertebrates 60, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 255–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.39146.
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Seven species of the genus Opopaea Simon, 1892 from Kenya are recognized, including five new species: O. berlandi (Simon & Fage, 1922), O. kulczynskii (Berland, 1914), O. makadara Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), O. ngangao Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), O. ngulia Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), O. sheldrick Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂), and O. wundanyi Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♀♂). Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all the species are given. All types are preserved in the National Museums of Kenya in Nairobi, Kenya (NMK).
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Ogutu, Wanyama. "The Future of Return of the African Artefacts: A Review of African Union (AU) Vision 2063 on Africa with a Strong Cultural Identity Common Heritage, Values and Ethics." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 5, 2023): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.6.2.1605.
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The successful return of African artefacts was absolutely echoed by the later Zairian President, Kukugbedu Zambanga Seseseko Mobuto, at the United Nations in New York. The parliaments' legislation, enactment of the national laws, and mutual agreement treaties in the joint International Council of Museums (ICOM) were implemented at a slow pace across Africa. The paper reviews discourse on "Africa with a Strong Cultural Identity Common Heritage, Values and Ethics" since unveiling the African Union (AU) Vision 2063 in the year 2021. It aims to unravel some issues that affect the return of African artefacts and its way forward. The paper has employed qualitative research design and historical methodologies. It has explored the desktop research framework by reviewing related literature on the restitution or return of African artefacts and formulation of the Africa Union's Vision 2063. The paper has analysed the experts' voices, reviewed relayed literature, and formulated government policies on the return of African art. It has randomly looked at some of the few African countries, such as the Federal Government of Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of Kenya, among others, as examples. The paper is cognisant that the artefacts that were returned and preserved at various local sites of Kenya and African Heritage Houses such as the Murumbi Collection, Koitalel Arap Samoei Museum, and Alan Donovan House of Heritage. It applauds the candid documentation done by the African governments through social media on African culture, arts, and heritage in modern times. The paper concludes by alluding that African leaders should champion the bringing back of remaining African artefacts still held in other countries
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Ježek, Jan, Jozef Oboňa, Wanyoike Wamiti, and Ndung'u Njoroge. "Upswing of collections of horse flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) held at the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2017-0006.
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Abstract History of zoogeographical views and actual distribution of 23 determined species of Tabanidae from three subfamilies, five tribes and 8 genera (Philoliche Wiedemann, 1828 - 4 species; Chrysops Meigen, 1803 - 3; Thaumastocera Grünberg, 1906 - 1; Ancala Enderlein, 1922 - 1; Atylotus Osten-Sacken, 1876 - 1; Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758 - 8; Haematopota Meigen, 1803 - 4; Hippocentrum Austen, 1908 - 1) mainly from Kenya are summarized, using the names of recent African countries. Tabanus sericiventris Loew, 1858 is new for Kenya. Lower taxonomical units as Tabanus insignis f. neavei Austen, 1912 and T. marmorosus ssp. congicola Bequaert, 1930 are discussed. A complete new references to all identified taxa are given.
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BICHANG’A, JOSHUA SESE, ESTHER N. KIOKO, HONGGUANG LIU, SHUQIANG LI, and ZHONGE HOU. "Two species of Talitridae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Kenya." Zootaxa 4927, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.3.2.
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Two species of the family Talitridae Rafinesque, 1815 are described from English Point Beach, Mkomani, Mombasa, Kenya. One new species Floresorchestia mkomani Bichang’a & Hou, sp. nov. is reported and Gazia gazi Lowry & Springthorpe, 2019 is redescribed. The new species is characterized by the five dentate lacinia mobilis on the left mandible in male and only four in female, pereopod IV dactylus thickened proximally and having a small protrusion towards the mid of its posterior margin, a sexually dimorphic pereopod VII, and the presence of vertical slits just above the ventral margin of epimera II and III. Detailed morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons with closely related species are provided. To ascertain the species delimitation, molecular evidence is availed in this paper. Type material is deposited in National Museums of Kenya (NMK).
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Njuguna, Mugwima B., Ephraim W. Wahome, and Anne Marie Deisser. "The Role of the National Construction Authority in the Conservation of Vernacular Architectural Heritage." East African Journal of Engineering 2, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eaje.2.1.178.
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Vernacular architecture is a malleable concept that encompasses structures produced by empirical/ experiential builders. It is sometimes referred to as indigenous, primitive, ethnic or even architecture without architects. Vernacular architectural heritage often found in rural areas and historic urban areas and villages represent a cultural heritage that has been handed down from one generation to the next. This heritage is under threat from modernising forces which cause deterioration in cultural and historical continuity. It is important to conserve this architecture and associated technologies for posterity. Both tangible and intangible heritage of vernacular architecture is threatened through blatant negligence, emergent and more profitable modes of construction, and lack of funds for minimum maintenance. To a large extent, this heritage is quickly deteriorating and disappearing into the hands of vandals and illegal traders due to the lack of appropriate conservation, sensitisation and training for the public and heritage professionals in the conservation of materials and practices. The paper explores the vernacular heritage in Kenya, the state of its conservation and the risks associated with its conservation. It is argued that since NCA is mandated inter alia to undertake research into any matter relating to the construction industry, it should complement the efforts of the National Museums of Kenya in the conservation of cultural heritage in so far as materials and building technologies are concerned. There is no clear legal framework for the conservation of vernacular architecture in place and it is often lumped together with other popular forms of architecture which have well-defined and documented historical trends. Emphasis has been on urban architecture in Kenya. The paper established that vernacular heritage has only been haphazardly conserved, with no clear management, documentation and preservation policies. The paper found that no resources are specifically set aside for the conservation of these heritages. The theoretical analysis concludes that vernacular architecture in Kenya has been neglected and exposed to deterioration. It also points out that the level of public sensitisation on the heritage is low and its conservation and management needs have been ignored. The study, therefore, recommends public sensitisation, preventive and interventive conservation and appropriate policies to save the heritage from imminent loss. It further suggests that detailed documentation of vernacular building materials and technology should be undertaken as a matter of urgency.
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Kleinschroth, Fritz, Caroline Lumosi, Amare Bantider, Yilikal Anteneh, and Caroline van Bers. "Narratives underlying research in African river basin management." Sustainability Science 16, no. 6 (October 5, 2021): 1859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01044-4.
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AbstractRiver modifications through hydropower dams and other infrastructure have far-reaching economic, ecological and social effects that are viewed in highly contrasting ways depending on underlying narratives. As part of a Euro-African research consortium funded by the European Commission we studied pathways for sustainable river basin management in the Omo-Turkana basins in Ethiopia and Kenya. Based on a literature review, stakeholder workshops, targeted interviews and considering our own positionality, we identified underlying narratives related to (a) economic transformation and modernization, (b) indigenous rights and (c) nature conservation, which were all connected through water, energy, food and ecosystems within a (d) landscape nexus. Yet, we also identified a (e) living museum narrative suggesting that international advocacy for indigenous rights and nature conservation is a means through which Western societies want to preserve African societies in an “undeveloped” state. National governments use this narrative to silence external critique, while the tourism industry promotes it to advertise visits to pastoralist tribes. This narrative reveals powerful, yet largely ignored hindrances for collaborative projects resulting from cultural and historical biases in Euro-African collaborations. Based on our analysis, we argue that international research projects in sustainability sciences need to increase the transparency of open and hidden narratives that influence research directions and power relationships between scientific partners, also those using mostly technically-driven approaches. We emphasize that African landscapes are not to be viewed as living museums, and collaborative research should be based on fairness, respect, care, and honesty to allow for multiple narratives that underlie research.
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Kleinschroth, Fritz, Caroline Lumosi, Amare Bantider, Yilikal Anteneh, and Caroline van Bers. "Narratives underlying research in African river basin management." Sustainability Science 16, no. 6 (October 5, 2021): 1859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01044-4.
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AbstractRiver modifications through hydropower dams and other infrastructure have far-reaching economic, ecological and social effects that are viewed in highly contrasting ways depending on underlying narratives. As part of a Euro-African research consortium funded by the European Commission we studied pathways for sustainable river basin management in the Omo-Turkana basins in Ethiopia and Kenya. Based on a literature review, stakeholder workshops, targeted interviews and considering our own positionality, we identified underlying narratives related to (a) economic transformation and modernization, (b) indigenous rights and (c) nature conservation, which were all connected through water, energy, food and ecosystems within a (d) landscape nexus. Yet, we also identified a (e) living museum narrative suggesting that international advocacy for indigenous rights and nature conservation is a means through which Western societies want to preserve African societies in an “undeveloped” state. National governments use this narrative to silence external critique, while the tourism industry promotes it to advertise visits to pastoralist tribes. This narrative reveals powerful, yet largely ignored hindrances for collaborative projects resulting from cultural and historical biases in Euro-African collaborations. Based on our analysis, we argue that international research projects in sustainability sciences need to increase the transparency of open and hidden narratives that influence research directions and power relationships between scientific partners, also those using mostly technically-driven approaches. We emphasize that African landscapes are not to be viewed as living museums, and collaborative research should be based on fairness, respect, care, and honesty to allow for multiple narratives that underlie research.
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Gwala, Fidel O., Jeremiah Munguti, Kevin Ongeti, and Kirsteen Awori. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE ANTERIOR ACETABULAR RIDGE MORPHOLOGY." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 12, no. 3 (November 18, 2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v12.n3.29979.
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Objectives: The anterior acetabular ridge morphology, an important consideration in the design of hip prosthesis, shows marked interethnic variability. There is however a paucity of local data highlighting the prevalence of the various anterior acetabular ridge shapes. Furthermore, sex-related differences have hardly been documented. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the shapes of the anterior acetabular ridge in a sample Kenyan population and the sex differences therein. Methods: Ninety-four paired hip bones (44 female, 50 male) from the osteology collection at the National Museums of Kenya were studied. The shape of the anterior acetabular ridge was determined and recorded. Results: The anterior acetabular ridge was curved in 34% of cases, straight in 24.5%, angular in 21.3% and in irregular 20.2% of the cases. The curved type was more frequent in females (50.0%) compared to males (20.0%). Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism influences anterior acetabular ridge morphology and which should be borne in mind during acetabular reconstructive procedures and design of acetabular prosthesis.
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Louette, Michel. "A Catalogued Immature Specimen of the Pemba African Goshawk in the National Museums of Kenya." Journal of East African Natural History 84, no. 1 (January 1995): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(1995)84[35:acisot]2.0.co;2.
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Sterling, Keir B. "Early twentieth-century mammal collecting in Africa: The Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 1 (April 2005): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.1.64.
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This paper deals with the scientific contributions made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and the three mammalogists attached to the Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910. These individuals included Lieutenant-Colonel (retired) Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856–1916), an old friend of Roosevelt's and a retired Army surgeon-naturalist; Edmund Heller (1875–1947), long-time field naturalist with previous experience in Africa, and J. Alden Loring (1871–1947), a veteran field collector in the United States. They joined Roosevelt and his son Kermit (1889–1943), in the senior Roosevelt's efforts to collect large game mammal specimens for the United States National Museum, Washington, DC. The group also observed and collected more than 160 species of carnivores, ungulates, rodents, insectivores, and bats. Departing New York shortly after Roosevelt's tenure as President of the United States ended in March 1909, the party debarked at Mombasa in April, and spent most of the next year in Kenya and Uganda. They also visited Sudan before the expedition ended at Khartoum in March 1910. Other subjects discussed include the expedition's objectives and fi nancing, the information gathered by expedition members and the publications which resulted.
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Sterling, Keir B. "Early twentieth-century mammal collecting in Africa: The Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 1 (April 2005): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.1.70.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with the scientific contributions made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and the three mammalogists attached to the Smithsonian–Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910. These individuals included Lieutenant-Colonel (retired) Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856–1916), an old friend of Roosevelt's and a retired Army surgeon-naturalist; Edmund Heller (1875–1947), long-time field naturalist with previous experience in Africa, and J. Alden Loring (1871–1947), a veteran field collector in the United States. They joined Roosevelt and his son Kermit (1889–1943), in the senior Roosevelt's efforts to collect large game mammal specimens for the United States National Museum, Washington, DC. The group also observed and collected more than 160 species of carnivores, ungulates, rodents, insectivores, and bats. Departing New York shortly after Roosevelt's tenure as President of the United States ended in March 1909, the party debarked at Mombasa in April, and spent most of the next year in Kenya and Uganda. They also visited Sudan before the expedition ended at Khartoum in March 1910. Other subjects discussed include the expedition's objectives and financing, the information gathered by expedition members and the publications which resulted.
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HEISS, ERNST. "A new species, a new synonymy, a revised generic assignment and new records in some African and Palaearctic Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)." Zootaxa 5315, no. 5 (July 12, 2023): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.3.
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The late Ludvík Hoberlandt left several specimens of African Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the National Museum in Prague which were labelled as new synonyms or types of new species, but, however, the corresponding taxonomic acts and decisions have never been published. As a result of their examination, Hoberlandt’s ‘Aradus africanus n. sp.’ is identified as A. gracilipes Linnavuori, 1978, ‘A. nuristanicus n. sp.’ as A. betulae (Linnaeus, 1758), and ‘Aradus intermedius n. sp.’ is recognized as a new species, described here as A. congoensis sp. nov. (from the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Mezira lindemannae Kormilev, 1974, syn. nov., is synonymized with Brachyrhynchus abyssinicus Bergroth, 1895. The generic placement of Mezira amplicollis Linnavuori, 1978 in Brachyrhynchus Laporte, 1832 is confirmed. The status of ‘Carventus machadoi n. sp.’ (member of Burgeonia Schouteden, 1919; Angola) and ‘Neuroctenus arnoldi n. sp.’ (Zimbabwe), two additional putatively new species recognized by Hoberlandt, remains unresolved, pending the revision of the respective genera. The following new distributional records are given: Aradus gracilipes from Chad, Aradus betulae from Afghanistan, and Brachyrhynchus abyssinicus from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea and Kenya.
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Budi, Nashon Budy, John Akumu Orondo, Samwel Okuro, and George Odhiambo. "The Decline of Lake Victoria Ferry Services in Kenya, 1961-2012." Journal of Historical Studies 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jhs.1422.
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Purpose: This study examined the operations of Lake Victoria Ferry Services since the independence of the East African countries in 1961 when the management was under the East Africa Railways and Harbors (EARH) and later the Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC). At the beginning of the 20th century the British colonial government established Lake Victoria transport as an extension of railway line in the lake region in Kenya and into Uganda. Despite some challenges, lake transport demonstrated progress in its services and expansion during the colonial period. However, when the management was transferred to the independent governments of East Africa, the operations of ferries were affected by the inefficiencies which marked the beginning of its decline. This study was guided by Politics of the Belly Theory of Bayart who associates underdevelopment of Africa long after independence with corrupt practices of African leaders. The theory shows that postcolonial African leaders have personalized the state for their own and their ethnic community’s gain thereby neglecting the regions which are perceived to be opposing the ruling regime.
Methodology: A Historical Research Design was used to conduct this study. Non probability sampling methods and procedures were used to identify informants during the collection of primary data. Other primary data were gathered from Kenya National Archives and Railways Museum in Nairobi. Secondary data was collected from relevant publications and other materials.
Findings: The data obtained were analyzed using content and thematic analysis techniques. This study established that transition in management from colonial to independent East African governments, competition from road transport and disintegration of East African Community led to the decline of maritime transportation on Lake Victoria. In order to revive ferry services on the Lake, major rehabilitations on the existing ports must be done and modern ports built. In the same vein new transport vessels should be acquired. Finally, a permanent solution to the threat of water hyacinth must be pursued and regular dredging of navigational channels done regularly.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study suggests that, the government should promote integrated transport planning as well as developing proper regulations guiding Lake Victoria transport.
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PARK, KYU-TEK, and WILLY DE PRINS. "A review of the Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) of southern Africa, based on type specimens deposited in the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (TMSA), with descriptions of three new species." Zootaxa 4623, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 61–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4623.1.5.
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The Lecithoceridae of southern Africa are reviewed, based on material preserved in the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. A total of 22 species are recognized including three new species: Idiopteryx jansei sp. nov., Lecithocera minyodes sp. nov. and Protolychnis natalensis sp. nov. Isotypa Janse, 1954 syn. nov. is synonymized with Idiopteryx Walsingham, 1891 and Homaloxestis lophophora Janse, 1954 stat. rev. is raised to species rank, separating it from H. cholopis Meyrick, 1906. In addition, Lecithocera ochrometra Meyrick, 1933 is transferred to Torodora Meyrick, 1894 as T. ochrometra (Meyrick, 1933) comb. nov., Lecithocera officialis Meyrick, 1911 is excluded from Lecithocera Herrich-Schäffer, 1853, and Dragmatucha proaula (Meyrick, 1908) is newly reported from Kenya. It is revealed that the male genital figure for Homaloxestis cholopis (Meyrick, 1906) by Janse (1954) was erroneously illustrated, based on a different species which is probably undescribed. Another miss-placed figure of the genitalia by Janse (1954) was also found for Lecithocera aenicta Janse, 1954. Diagnosis, descriptions (only for the new species), depositories of types, and distribution data of all the known species are provided. Images of adults, male and/or female genitalia, and the venation of a few species are illustrated.
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Ong’Oa, Dominic Otwori, Rossa Nyoike Ng’Endo, Shadrack Muvui Muya, Mathew Mugechi Nyoike, Patrick Kenyatta Malomz, and Zipporah Lagat Osiemo. "Diversity and Abundance Patterns of Amphibians in Rehabilitated Quarries of Bamburi Near Mombasa (Kenya)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0006.
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ABSTRACT Amphibians are sensitive to changes in the environment and are, therefore, excellent indicators of success in restoring degraded habitats. As such, a clear understanding on how amphibian populations respond to changes in the environment is required. In order for conservationists to establish if the declining trends are changing, biodiversity recovery studies are essential especially in reclaimed habitats. This study focused on the recovery of amphibians, particularly on frogs, in reclaimed quarries of the Bamburi Cement Plant near Mombasa whereby the diversity, species abundances and composition at different stages of quarry re-establishment were assessed. The study area was divided into three zones based on the 13-year interval since the beginning of the rehabilitation process. Transect surveys and time-constrained search and size method were used for sampling 20 randomly selected sites. Sampling was done during the rainy and the dry seasons, with searches conducted between 900 and 1,600 hours during the day and between 1,800 to 2,100 hours at night. Recording of basic morphological data of collected specimens was done in the field to aid in grouping specimens before voucher materials were preserved in 10% formalin and stored in 70% alcohol. Further identifications and confirmations matching specimens to species were carried out using specialized classification keys from the National Museum of Kenya. Twelve species were encountered across the three zones, with Ptychadena anchietae and Phrynobatrachus acridoides, respectively, the most abundant. It was also noted that amphibian diversity across the quarries was independent of the age of ecological reestablishment (r = -0.5). This is indicated by the higher amphibian diversity in the south and north quarries (N = 1050 and 506 respectively) despite their relatively younger age since reestablishment compared to the central quarry (N = 438). Lower diversity in the central quarry, although the oldest, may be largely attributed to human disturbance. Additionally, exotic plantations across the study area are poor in species since they are monocultures and, thus, not heterogeneous enough to support higher anuran diversity. Since amphibians act as one of the best measure of environmental health, rehabilitation process in the quarries need to embrace mechanisms that support maximum biodiversity recovery such as replanting of more indigenous tree species as opposed to only exotic monocultures.
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Lukaszewicz, Aleksandra. "Transformation of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Kenyan Coastal Region: Traditional Healing, Witchcraft and Witch Hunts in a Contemporary Context." Roczniki Kulturoznawcze 14, no. 3 (October 27, 2023): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rkult23143.5.
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The intangible heritage of Coastal Kenya pertains in great part to the Mijikenda people and consists of ceremonies, rituals, beliefs, forms of healing, prayer, and adjudication of disputes, which are subject to various cultural and religious factors that affect their perception and transform them. The younger generation’s perception of them, influenced by modern life’s technologized approach to culture, hugely contributes to such transformations. As a result, cultural roots fall into oblivion, which sometimes has dramatic effects, for example, the abandonment of witch hutching, paradoxically causing negative social effects. Not following traditional practices is not equal to disbelief in witches. Therefore, it often occurs that someone is accused of witchcraft to kill them without any possibility of reconciliation with the community, because the rejection of traditional practices causes the lack of any remediation for an instance of witchcraft, and elicits the easiest solution: the death of the accused. Such events happen to be combined with economic reasons, like the desire of some members of the youngest generation to sell the family land or even the sacred forest, in the care of the elders, who are then usually the ones accused as witches. This kind of cultural knot, appearing in the last 150 years due to interference of various cultures and religions, especially Christianity, requires careful consideration, also given the importance of interfaith dialogue, supported by the Coast Interfaith Council of Clerics Trust (CICC), among others. This investigation on transformation of cultural practices in Coastal Kenya is based on in-depth interviews with representatives of Malidni District Cultural Association (MADCA), field research and conversations with elders, and a review of research materials provided by the National Museums of Kenya Library in Malindi, and the Pwani University Library in Kilifi, Kenya.
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Borona, Gloria, and Emmanuel Ndiema. "Merging research, conservation and community engagement." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-04-2013-0012.
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Purpose – Archaeological, palaeontological and geological research has been conducted in Kenya for many years. These research efforts have resulted in exceptional depth of understanding of the region's cultural heritage including those with rock art. Unfortunately, very few of the research programmes have engaged communities as active participants in conservation and consumers of the research findings. The purpose of this paper is to report how collaboration between the National Museums of Kenya and the Trust of African Rock Art (TARA) is creating a link between research, conserving heritage and community engagement. Design/methodology/approach – An overview of two rock art tourism community projects undertaken by TARA will reveal that engaging communities and disseminating research findings does not only foster preservation of sites but is critical in transforming rock art sites into economic endeavours whose outcomes are providing alternative livelihoods. Findings – Community engagement remains the only viable way of ensuring long-term conservation of heritage sites going forward. Originality/value – TARA is the only organization conducting this kind of work in the African continent. This case study therefore, provides authentic information on local community involvement as a conservation strategy in the African context.
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OBIMBO, MM, PK KOIGI, G. A. NICOLE, and D. SANG. "Female pelvic dimensions relevant to labour process in a black Kenyan population." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Eastern and Central Africa 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.59692/jogeca.v28i2.339.
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Introduction: Maternal pelvic dimensions are key to determining progress and outcome of labour. In addition, the size of the pelvis is a crucial reference point in attempting to predict cephalopelvic disproportion. There is paucity of data regarding pelvic dimensions amongst black Kenyan population despite the central significance of such data in local obstetrics practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 50 female pelvic osteology specimens was performed at the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. Data were collected using a structured study instrument and were analyzed using Statistical Pack age for Social Sciences version 21. Results: At the pelvic inlet, the true conjugate was 10.37 ± 1.02cm, the diagonal conjugate was 11.72 ± 1.07cm and the obstetric conjugate was 11.44 ± 0.78cm. The transverse diameter was 11.42 ± 0.96cm. In the mid-cavity, the anteroposterior diameter was 10.64 ± 1.00cm, while the interspinous diameter was 8.49 ± 0.92cm. At the outlet, the anteroposterior diameter was 9.66 ± 1.16cm, while the intertuberous diameter was 9.04 ± 0.92cm. The subpubic angle was 74.54 ± 9.72 degrees. The posterior depth was 9.95 ± 1.11cm, while the anterior depth was 3.24 ± 1.41 cm. Conclusion: The average pelvic dimensions in this population are smaller than what has been observed in other populations. Of significance is that some morphometric dimensions were ominously smaller than what has been implicated in cephalopelvic disproportion. Imaging and clinical studies would help shed more light on correlation of the dimensions and obstetric outcomes in black Kenyan population.
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Breen, Colin, Wes Forsythe, Paul Lane, Tom McErlean, Rosemary McConkey, Athman Lali Omar, Rory Quinn, and Brian Williams. "Ulster and the Indian Ocean? Recent maritime archaeological research on the East African coast." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 797–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089304.
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In January 2001, a team of researchers from the University of Ulster (Northern Ireland) conducted an innovative maritime archaeology project on the East African coast in partnership with the British Institute in Eastern Africa and the National Museums of Kenya. Its focus was Mombasa Island on the southern Kenyan coast, a historical settlement and port for nearly 2000 years (Berg 1968; Sassoon 1980; 1982). The East African seaboard, stretching from Somalia in the north to Madagascar and Mozambique in the south, was culturally dynamic throughout the historical period. This area, traditionally known as the Swahili coast, is culturally defined as a maritime zone extending 2000 km from north to south, but reaching a mere 15 hi inland. The origins of ‘Swahili’ cultural identity originated during the middle of the 1st millennium AD, following consolidation of earlier farming and metalusing Bantu-speaking communities along the coast and emergence of a distinctive ‘maritime’ orientation and set of cultural traditions (eg Allen 1993; Chami 1998; Helm 2000; Horton & Middelton 2000). Previous research produced evidence of exploitation of marine resources for food and an early engagement in longdistance exchange networks, linking parts ofthis coast with the Classical world by at least the BC/AD transition.
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Kinyua, Beatrice Wairimu. "Fostering Market Penetration Strategies for Sustainable Conservation of Heritage Sites in Nyeri County, Kenya." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management 6, no. 3 (August 13, 2023): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4183.
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Sustainable conservation has become popular in tourism, accepted by developers and stakeholders as an economically viable, socially acceptable, and environmentally friendly model for heritage tourism development models. However, heritage tourism encounters challenges like cultural commercialization, deterioration, development pressure, marketing gaps, and insufficient maintenance. Consequently, Kenya has prioritized long-term heritage tourism development goals to realize Vision 2030. This paper examines how market penetration strategies can leverage the sustainable conservation of heritage sites in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design, targeting the local community members, tourists visiting the heritage sites, key informants from the local government of Nyeri, officials from the National Museums of Kenya, and site supervisors. The sample size was 762 respondents, 11 were interviewed, and 752 were administered questionnaires. The results of correlation analysis revealed that market penetration strategies exhibited a positive and statistically significant relationship with sustainable conservation (r=0.620, P=0.000), explaining 38.4% of heritage sites' sustainable conservation variations. The study concludes that market penetration catalyzes the sustainable preservation of heritage sites. The study recommends integrating heritage sites into the County's economic plans and employing a comprehensive approach that engages the local community at all stages. This approach should encompass these sites' social, cultural, and economic importance for the local population. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need for a collaborative effort involving multiple government levels and diverse agencies to develop, expand, and market heritage products, with due consideration for biodiversity conservation. Keywords: Biodiversity, Heritage Sites, Market Penetration Strategies, Nyeri County, Sustainable Conservation, Tourism.
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Tryon, Christian A., Isabelle Crevecoeur, J. Tyler Faith, Ravid Ekshtain, Joelle Nivens, David Patterson, Emma N. Mbua, and Fred Spoor. "Late Pleistocene age and archaeological context for the hominin calvaria from GvJm-22 (Lukenya Hill, Kenya)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 9 (February 17, 2015): 2682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417909112.
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Kenya National Museums Lukenya Hill Hominid 1 (KNM-LH 1) is a Homo sapiens partial calvaria from site GvJm-22 at Lukenya Hill, Kenya, associated with Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological deposits. KNM-LH 1 is securely dated to the Late Pleistocene, and samples a time and region important for understanding the origins of modern human diversity. A revised chronology based on 26 accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates on ostrich eggshells indicates an age range of 23,576–22,887 y B.P. for KNM-LH 1, confirming prior attribution to the Last Glacial Maximum. Additional dates extend the maximum age for archaeological deposits at GvJm-22 to >46,000 y B.P. (>46 kya). These dates are consistent with new analyses identifying both Middle Stone Age and LSA lithic technologies at the site, making GvJm-22 a rare eastern African record of major human behavioral shifts during the Late Pleistocene. Comparative morphometric analyses of the KNM-LH 1 cranium document the temporal and spatial complexity of early modern human morphological variability. Features of cranial shape distinguish KNM-LH 1 and other Middle and Late Pleistocene African fossils from crania of recent Africans and samples from Holocene LSA and European Upper Paleolithic sites.
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Ojwang', Nicholas Ochieng'. "Influence of Talent Management Practices on Turnover Intent among Research Scientists at the National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Nairobi." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 8, no. 1 (February 24, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i1.186.
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Human talent represents a source of competitive advantage. Yet the very people organisations would want to retain are the ones most likely to leave. What determines employee turnover is a vital question to organisations facing business continuity challenges. Through the prism of the Human Capital and Social Exchange theories, this study aimed at examining the influence of Talent Management practices on turnover intent among Research Scientists at the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. Data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire formulated based on extensive literature review. The study targeted 128 employees designated as Research Scientists at the time of conducting this study. Results indicate very high levels of engagement among Research Scientists at NMK. Though respondents understand how their performance is evaluated, the link between pay and performance appears unclear to them. Ample learning and growth opportunities do exist but identification of training needs is not methodical. The study also revealed a clear dissatisfaction with the total compensation package. Although majority of respondents believed that advancement opportunities existed, they were less confident regarding existence of equal opportunity for such advancement. Regression analysis of results indicated that of the six independent variables studied, only employee engagement had significant relationship with employee turnover intent. The study concludes that employee engagement is a critical factor in keeping employees in the organisation. It is recommended that NMK develops effective retention strategies to ensure that Research Scientists remain engaged and committed. An integrated rewards scheme incorporating non-financial factors, career development and work-life balance should form part of the strategy. In addition, a formalised induction program as well as a systematic learning and development scheme with individualised plans needs to be put in place.
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Wright, David K., Katherine M. Grillo, and Robert Soper. "Stone Cairns and Material Culture of the Middle to Late Holocene, Lake Turkana." Journal of African Archaeology 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10287.
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A recent archival research project in the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) identified artifacts and human remains associated with the 1980 excavation of stone cairns and habitation areas on the west side of Lake Turkana. The presence of stone grave cairns across eastern Africa is common, but their cultural origins and construction times are enigmatic. This article presents the results of the archival project and contextualizes both the artifacts found and the unpublished research notes within the framework of evolving settlement patterns in eastern Africa during the middle to late Holocene. Despite the presence of numerous decorative features on ceramics and the recovery of many complete lithic tools, the material culture is generally non-diagnostic within existing typo-technological categories. The research indicates that there was tremendous diversity in the material culture of the Turkana Basin during the late Holocene.
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Mwanza, E. J. M., S. K. Waithaka, and S. A. Simons. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera leucotricha on Prunus africana in Kenya." Plant Disease 85, no. 12 (December 2001): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.12.1285c.
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Prunus africana, formerly known as Pygeum africanum, is widely distributed in moist, tropical Africa and produces durable timber. Extracts from its bark are used in treatment of prostate disorders. Powdery mildew was observed on nursery-grown seedlings of P. africana in Kenya (Nyeri, Kiambu, and Kericho districts) in the dry seasons of 1998, 1999, and 2000. White ectotrophic mycelial growth was observed on leaves. The fungus caused stunting, distortion of leaves, surface necrosis of invaded tissues, and general decline in growth of seedlings that led to premature leaf fall and death. Invaded leaflets wilted and dropped, leaving behind a bare stem. The primary mycelium was hyaline, with no secondary brown mycelium. The conidial state was conspicuous, with conidia produced in chains. Appressoria were unlobed and nipple shaped. Conidiophores were straight and three-celled, measuring 75 to 112 μm. Conidiophore foot cells were topped by a longer cell and one or two shorter cells measuring 35 to 77 μm. Conidia had fibrosin bodies, were ovoid, and measured 27 to 30 × 17 to 18 μm. The fungus was identified by the International Mycological Institute IMI (W6496) as Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E. S. Salmon. Infected leaves of P. africana were deposited at the East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya (Accession No. KM-KEFRI/446/2001). Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating seedlings of P. africana by gently pressing infected leaves with abundant sporulation onto healthy leaves. The plants were then incubated under moist conditions for 48 h and thereafter maintained in a glasshouse. After 15 days, powdery mildew symptoms developed on seedlings. Examination of leaves confirmed that they were infected with Podosphaera leucotricha. Uninoculated control plants were free of powdery mildew. To our knowlege, this is the first report of Podosphaera leucotricha as a pathogen of P. africana. Reference: 1. H. J. Boesewinkel. Bot. Rev. 46:167, 1980.
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Meshack O, Onyambu, Gikonyo Nicholas K, Nyambaka Hudson N, Thoithi Grace N, and Okumu Tom O. "Development of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Fingerprints for Warburgia Ugandensis Herbal Materials." Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.2.2.
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Warbugia ugandensis (W. ugandensis) is among the 10 most utilised medicinal plants in East Africa. Stem bark and leaves are used as remedies for malaria, stomachache, coughs and skin diseases. Consequently, the plant is endangered because of uncontrolled harvest and lack of domestication. There is therefore fear of poor quality commercialised products due to lack of evaluation mechanisms. This study explored the chemical profiles that could be used to confirm its authenticity and purity. W. ugandensis used as reference during method development was harvested from Kenyatta University Medicinal Plant Research Garden (KUMPRG). Six other samples were obtained from different geographical locations in Kenya. The samples were identified by a botanist and a voucher specimen (MO/002- 008/2013) deposited in the East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. Samples were harvested and processed by World Health Organization (WHO) recommended methods. Chromatographic profiles of the leaf and stem bark were established based on parameters arrived at iteratively. The study characterised over 100 compounds in the leaf and stem bark. Based on area percent and known medicinal value, 22 compounds from the leaf and 38 from the stem bark were selected as major chemical profiles. The compounds in the stem bark included gamma-sitosterol (1.0%–2.5%), squalene (0.2%–4.6%), isolongifolene (1.2%–2.8%), phenol 2-methoxy (0.8%–1.8%) and nerolidol (0.3%–1.5%). Those in the leaf included nerolidol 2 (0.3%–1.1%), phytol (0.6%–1.7%), 2-methoxy phenol (0.2%– 2.2%), gamma-tocopherol (0.2%–0.9%), vitamin E (0.4%–1.5%) and gamma-sitosterol (1.8%–4.9%). Most of these compounds were characterised in W. ugandensis for the first time. The profiles therefore can form fingerprints for use to evaluate its quality, purity and authenticity.
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Cheruiyot, Isaac, Phillip Mwachaka, and Hassan Saidi. "Morphometry of Occipital condyles: Implications for transcondylar approach to craniovertebral junction lesions." Anatomy Journal of Africa 7, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 1224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v7i2.174142.
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Partial occipital condylectomies are commonly done in trans-condylar approach to craniovertebral junction lesions. Following such procedures, post-operative atlanto-occipital joint instability and hypoglossal nerve palsies have been reported and has been attributed to population-specific variations in the occipital condyle (OC) dimensions. Determination of these dimensions may aid in minimizing these complications. One hundred and four (104) OC from 52 skulls (27 males, 25 females) were obtained from the osteology department, National Museums of Kenya. Occipital condyle length (OCL), width (OCW), height (OCH), anterior (AID) and posterior (PID) intercondylar distances and the distance from posterior tip of OC to hypoglossal canal (HC) were obtained using a pair of digital Vernier calipers. The data obtained were entered into SPSS for analysis. The mean OCL, OCW and OCH were 20.59±2.05 mm, 12.23±1.28 mm and 8.65±1.08 mm respectively while AID and PID were 19.66±2.70 mm and 38.52±3.09 mm respectively. Moderate OC type was the most predominant (60.6%). Males and females had predominantly moderate and short OC type respectively (p=0.001). The HC was located 9.62±1.62 mm from the posterior tip of the OC. Males had significantly larger OCL (p<0.001), OCH (p=0.001), PID (p=0.002) and posterior tip of OC to HC distance (p=0.008). Our study population generally has smaller OC dimensions compared to other populations. Females had significantly smaller OCL, OCH, OC-HC distance and PID. Clinicians should therefore take this information into consideration during preoperative planning in craniovertebral junction surgeries among Kenyans and particularly in females.Key Words: Occipital condyles, Morphometry, Transcondylar approach
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Odak, Osaga. "Kenya: the museum functions of KAERA." Museum International 40, no. 3 (September 1988): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1989.tb01404.x.
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Hochfelder, D. "National Postal Museum." Journal of American History 93, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4486225.
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Watterson, Sally. "Mongolia’s National History Museum: The National Museum of Mongolia Reinvents Itself." International Journal of the Inclusive Museum 2, no. 2 (2009): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-2014/cgp/v02i02/44269.
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Hussain, Farddina. "Mnemoculture and National Museum: Looking at Salarjung National Museum, Hyderabad, India." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 6, no. 4 (2021): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.64.47.
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Stiffler, Matthew Jaber. "Arab American National Museum." Amerasia Journal 44, no. 1 (April 2018): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aj.44.1.154-157.
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