Relevant bibliographies by topics / National monuments – Germany

Academic literature on the topic 'National monuments – Germany'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "National monuments – Germany"

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Smith, Helmut Walser. "Monuments, Kitsch, and the Sense of Nation in Imperial Germany." Central European History 49, no. 3-4 (December 2016): 322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000868.

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AbstractThis article shows how the material culture of nationhood can reveal a different perspective on the problem of nationalism. Using simple time graphs and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the article considers temporal and spatial dimensions of “nation objects” in an effort to understand the allusive phenomenon of banal, everyday national identity. Specifically, it brings together quantitative evidence for the pervasiveness of veterans monuments, Kaiser Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismarck monuments, as well as monuments to Germany's great intellectuals, and then examines the world of objects, largely kitsch, that these monuments brought forth. The article argues that, especially in small-town Germany, objects signifying the nation point to a national sentiment governed less by the sharp logic of ideology than by the harmonizing tendencies of kitsch.Dieser Aufsatz zeigt, wie die materielle Kultur der nationalen Einheit eine andere Perspektive auf das Problem des Nationalismus bieten kann. Durch die Verwendung einfacher Zeitgraphiken und Geographic Information Systems (GIS) werden die zeitlichen und räumlichen Dimensionen von “Nationalobjekten” betrachtet, um das anspielungsreiche Phänomen banaler, alltäglicher Nationalidentität zu begreifen. Konkret werden quantitative Nachweise weit verbreiteter Kriegsdenkmäler, Denkmäler für Kaiser Wilhelm I. und Otto von Bismarck sowie Denkmäler für Deutschlands führende Intellektuelle zusammengeführt und im Anschluss daran die Welt der Objekte – größtenteils Kitsch –, die diese Denkmäler hervorgebracht haben, untersucht. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass diese die Nation repräsentierenden Objekte vor allem im kleinstädtischen Deutschland auf ein Nationalgefühl verweisen, das weniger durch klar definierte Ideologie als vielmehr durch die harmonisierenden Tendenzen von Kitsch bestimmt ist.
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Wüstenberg, Jenny. "Berlin's Changing Memory Landscape: New Scholarship in German and English." German Politics and Society 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503006780681911.

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Claus Leggewie and Erik Meyer, “Ein Ort, an den man gerne geht” Das Holocaust-Mahnmal und die deutsche Geschichtspolitik nach 1989 (Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag, 2005)Karen E. Till, The New Berlin: Memory, Politics, Place (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005)Peter Carrier, Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany since 1989: The Origins and Political Function of the Vél’ d’Hiv’ in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin (New York: Berghahn Books, 2005)
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Tomaszewicz, Agnieszka, and Joanna Majczyk. "In a Time Loop: Politics and the Ideological Significance of Monuments to Those Who Perished on Saint Anne Mountain (1934–1955, Germany/Poland)." Arts 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10010017.

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Polish Góra św. Anny (Saint Anne Mountain), previously German Annaberg, is one of the few places in the world where art was utilized to promote two regimes—fascist and communist. With the use of art, the refuge of pagan gods and then, Christian Saint John’s Mountain with Saint Ann’s church and a calvary site were transformed into a mausoleum of the victims of uprisings and wars—those placed by politics on opposite sides of the barricade. The “sacred” character of the mountain was appropriated in the 1930s by the fascist Thingstätte under the form of an open-air theatre with a mausoleum, erected to commemorate fallen German soldiers in the Third Silesian Uprising. After the Second World War, the same place was “sacralized” by the Monument of the Insurgents’ Deed, which replaced the German object. The aim of both of them was to commemorate those who had perished in the same armed conflicts—uprisings from the years 1919–1921, when the Poles opposed German administration of Upper Silesia. According to the assumptions of both national socialism as well as communism, the commemorative significance of both monuments was subjected to ideological messages. Both monuments were supposed to constitute not only the most important element of the place where patriotic manifestations were intended to be held, but also a kind of counterbalance for the local pilgrims’ center dedicated to the cult of Saint Anne. The aim of the paper is to present the process of transforming a Nazi monument into its communist counterpart, at the same time explaining the significance of both monuments in the context of changing political reality. This paper has not been based on one exclusive research method—historical and field studies have been conducted, together with iconographical and iconological analyses of the monuments viewed from their comparative perspective. The text relies on archive materials—documents, press releases, and projects, including architectural drawings of the monument staffage—discovered by the authors and never published before. They would connect the structure not only to the surrounding landscape but, paradoxically, to the fascist Thingstätte.
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Terebilov, Maksim. "The role of non-governmental institutions in protection of medieval fortification architecture of Germany." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.5.34089.

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The subject of this research is the activity of non-profit organizations in aimed at preservation and promotion of the monuments of medieval fortification as an integral part of the cultural heritage of the country of their location. The author carries out the classification of non-profit organizations in Germany dealing with the preservation of monuments of fortification architecture of the Middle Ages. Methodological framework is comprised of typological and systemic analysis used for selecting organizations as the key objects of research, as well analyzing the main vectors of their activity. The author explores most significant projects of the selected organizations, their contribution to preservation of the monuments of fortification architecture on the national and international levels. Special attention is given to the analysis of official Internet resources of such organizations in the German and English languages, as well as to the work with digital databases of the objects under review. The novelty lies in conducting classification of non-governmental communities engaged in preservation of the monuments of medieval fortifications in Germany, which allows systematizing them for considering the experience of foreign colleagues within the framework of the approach towards organizing public projects aimed at preservation of the sites of historical and cultural heritage. The author outlines several priority vectors for providing support to the objects of fortification architecture: informational, scientific, financial and tourist. As a result, the author compiles a chart of classification of non-profit organizations, demonstrates interdependence of public initiatives related to preservation of cultural heritage sites on the ongoing globalization processes that take place in the society. Attention is also turned to the differentiated approach towards preservation of cultural heritage on the national and international levels.
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Terebilov, Maksim. "The role of non-governmental institutions in protection of medieval fortification architecture of Germany." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.5.34089.

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The subject of this research is the activity of non-profit organizations in aimed at preservation and promotion of the monuments of medieval fortification as an integral part of the cultural heritage of the country of their location. The author carries out the classification of non-profit organizations in Germany dealing with the preservation of monuments of fortification architecture of the Middle Ages. Methodological framework is comprised of typological and systemic analysis used for selecting organizations as the key objects of research, as well analyzing the main vectors of their activity. The author explores most significant projects of the selected organizations, their contribution to preservation of the monuments of fortification architecture on the national and international levels. Special attention is given to the analysis of official Internet resources of such organizations in the German and English languages, as well as to the work with digital databases of the objects under review. The novelty lies in conducting classification of non-governmental communities engaged in preservation of the monuments of medieval fortifications in Germany, which allows systematizing them for considering the experience of foreign colleagues within the framework of the approach towards organizing public projects aimed at preservation of the sites of historical and cultural heritage. The author outlines several priority vectors for providing support to the objects of fortification architecture: informational, scientific, financial and tourist. As a result, the author compiles a chart of classification of non-profit organizations, demonstrates interdependence of public initiatives related to preservation of cultural heritage sites on the ongoing globalization processes that take place in the society. Attention is also turned to the differentiated approach towards preservation of cultural heritage on the national and international levels.
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Matanova, Tanya. "“Bulgarian” Sites in Germany: People, Commemorations, and National Memory." Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 5 (December 2022): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs5.01.

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Many monuments and places related to historical events and people connected with Bulgarian history can be found throughout Western Europe (and beyond). They are often the result of the wish of Bulgarians to commemorate prominent figures in Bulgarian history. Such sites, depending on the visitors and the commemorative practices performed there, are perceived as national memorials or as religious sites. At the same time, they contribute to the preservation of Bulgarian national memory and cultural heritage beyond Bulgaria’s borders. The text will explore “Bulgarian” sites (memorial plaques, chapels, and other places) in various locations in Germany, including Heidelberg, Ellwangen, Regensburg, Reichenau, and others, with a focus on the visits Bulgarians organise and the commemorative and religious practices they perform on-site.
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Kott, Sandrine, and Thomas Wieder. "The (Re-)construction of Monuments in Germany: New Historical Narratives in a Time of Nation-building." Contemporary European History 32, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777322000467.

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In the slipstream of the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States, there has been a global mobilisation around monuments and statues of famous figures involved in the slave trade and European colonial conquest. In former colonial states – such as France and Britain – and states shaped by the legacies of slavery – such as the United States – activists have defaced, damaged or torn down monuments associated with these contested pasts. This is hardly a novelty. The destruction of physical symbols is often a response to regime change. But, in this case, the mobilisation has taken a different form. Instead of legitimising a new regime and new elites, the destruction of monuments is part of a demand for justice from historically marginalised groups who are seeking to reclaim their heritage. The deconstruction of these monuments automatically entails the deconstruction of dominant national narratives that have contributed to such marginalisation.
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Niedre, Laila, and Gunta Ošeniece. "Latvijas kultūrtelpa (1930–1939) vācbaltiešu pēcteču atmiņās." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 26/2 (March 11, 2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-2.181.

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The purpose of this article is to reveal the Latvian cultural space of the 1930s, how it appears in present-day reminiscences of Baltic Germans, people with German heritage residing in Latvia, or their descendants. The data consists of extended interviews recorded as a part of the Latvian Academy of Culture project “Latvija – Heimatland” (2017–2019). One of the project objectives is to register and explore the reminiscences of this social group. The article analyses the accounts of 22 people residing in Latvia and 14 in Germany. These are accounts of events experienced either by themselves or their family members. It covers a time when the community of Latvians and Germans residing in Latvia was polarised by national interests, and the decade ended with Baltic Germans emigrating, followed by the Soviet occupation of Latvia. The Latvian cultural space of the 1930s is indirectly described by quotes from the respondents that relate to the resettlement in 1939 (Umsiedlung in German). The reminiscences illuminate cultural space components such as social practices, symbols, languages, and their use, traditions, and cuisine. The individual memories of Baltic Germans and their descendants significantly contribute to how the Latvian cultural space of the 1930s is already seen through collective memory, which includes monuments, written work, and art. They outline the lifestyle of this specific minority group, diversity of cultures, and interaction between them in Latvia, as well as a theme of Latvia as the lost motherland.
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Silver, Hilary. "Book Reviews." German Politics and Society 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 66–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370104.

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Rafaela Dancygier, Dilemmas of Inclusion: Muslims in European Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017) Reviewed by Hilary Silver, Sociology, George Washington University Thomas Großbölting, Losing Heaven: Religion in Germany since 1945; translated by Alex Skinner (New York: Berghahn Books, 2017. Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes, World Languages, Indiana University South Bend Hans Vorländer, Maik Herold, and Steven Schäller, PEGIDA and New Right-Wing Populism In Germany (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Reviewed by Joyce Mushaben, Political Science, University of Missouri St. Louis Kara L. Ritzheimer, “Trash,” Censorship, and National Identity in Early Twentieth-Century Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016) Reviewed by Ambika Natarajan, History, Philosophy, and Religion, Oregon State University Anna Saunders, Memorializing the GDR: Monuments and Memory After 1989 (New York: Berghahn Books, 2018) Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes, World Languages, Indiana University South Bend Desmond Dinan, Neill Nugent and William E. Paterson, eds., The European Union in Crisis (London: Palgrave, 2017) Reviewed by Helge F. Jani, Hamburg, Germany Noah Benezra Strote, Lions and Lambs: Conflict in Weimar and the Creation of Post-Nazi Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017). Reviewed by Darren O’Byrne, History, University of Cambridge Chunjie Zhang, Transculturality and German Discourse in the Age of European Colonialism (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2017) Reviewed by Christopher Thomas Goodwin, History, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Marcel Fratzscher, The Germany Illusion: Between Economic Euphoria and Despair (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). Reviewed by Stephen J. Silvia, International Relations, American University
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Julien, Elise. "Paris und Berlin nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg: Eine symbolische Nationalisierung der Hauptstädte?" Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 73, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 51–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2014-0003.

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Abstract At the end of the First World War, the memories of the conflict which developed in France and Germany diverged widely. However, Paris and Berlin were something else than just a genuine reflection of their respective national context; their status as capital cities gave them common characteristics. Therefore some similar phenomena appear. On the one hand, those cities may offer a national backing to particular memories, which was especially sought. On the other hand, the concentration of marks of memory in those cities tended to consolidate them in an always more exclusively national role. Thus, a kind of reciprocal nationalization of memory by capital cities and of capital cities by memory occurred. This nationalization is particularly visible in the analysis of the national monuments that emerged in the post-war years. Nevertheless, such phenomena underline variations between Paris and Berlin: Paris stood out without any difficulty as the capital of France, even of the Allied world, while Berlin stood out as the capital of Prussia, with more difficulty as the capital of Germany.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National monuments – Germany"

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Carrier, Peter. "Monuments and national memory cultures in France and Germany since 1989 the "Vél d'Hiv" in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin = Denkmäler und nationale Erinnerungskulturen in Frankreich und Deutschland seit 1989 /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/112/index.html.

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Tomberger, Corinna. "Das Gegendenkmal : Avantgardekunst, Geschichtspolitik und Geschlecht in der bundesdeutschen Erinnerungskultur." Bielefeld Transcript-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2960449&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Woollen, John Carter. "Memory mapping monument : a political science institute on the site of the Berlin Wall." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22951.

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Gledhill, James. "Into the past : nationalism and heritage in the neoliberal age." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12114.

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This thesis examines the ideological nexus of nationalism and heritage under the social conditions of neoliberalism. The investigation aims to demonstrate how neoliberal economics stimulate the irrationalism manifest in nationalist idealisation of the past. The institutionalisation of national heritage was originally a rational function of the modern state, symbolic of its political and cultural authority. With neoliberal erosion of the productive economy and public institutions, heritage and nostalgia proliferate today in all areas of social life. It is argued that this represents a social pathology linked to the neoliberal state's inability to construct a future-orientated national project. These conditions enhance the appeal of irrational nationalist and regionalist ideologies idealising the past as a source of cultural purity. Unable to achieve social cohesion, the neoliberal state promotes multiculturalism, encouraging minorities to embrace essentialist identity politics that parallel the nativism of right-wing nationalists and regionalists. This phenomenon is contextualised within the general crisis of progressive modernisation in Western societies that has accompanied neoliberalisation and globalisation. A new theory of activist heritage is advanced to describe autonomous, politicised heritage that appropriates forms and practices from the state heritage sector. Using this concept, the politics of irrational nationalism and regionalism are explored through fieldwork, including participant observation, interviews and photography. The interaction of state and activist heritage is considered at the Wewelsburg 1933-1945 Memorial Museum in Germany wherein neofascists have re-signified Nazi material culture, reactivating it within contemporary political narratives. The activist heritage of Israeli Zionism, Irish Republicanism and Ulster Loyalism is analysed through studies of museums, heritage centres, archaeological sites, exhibitions, monuments and historical re-enactments. These illustrate how activist heritage represents a political strategy within irrational ideologies that interpret the past as the ethical model for the future. This work contends that irrational nationalism fundamentally challenges the Enlightenment's assertion of reason over faith, and culture over nature, by superimposing pre-modern ideas upon the structure of modernity. An ideological product of the Enlightenment, the nation state remains the only political unit within which a rational command of time and space is possible, and thus the only viable basis for progressive modernity.
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TACKE, Charlotte. "Denkmal im sozialen Raum : eine vergleichende Regionalstudie nationaler Symbole in Deutschland und Frankreich im 19 Jahrhundert." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5988.

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Defence date: 23 January 1993
Examining board: Prof. Dr. Etienne François (Université de Paris I) ; Prof. Dr. Ute Frevert (Universität Konstanz) ; Prof. Dr. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (EHI; interner Betreuer, supervisor) ; Prof. Dott. Marco Meriggi (Università di Trieste) ; Prof. Dr. Dr. hc. Reinhard Koselleck (Universität Bielefeld; externer Betruer)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Carrier, Peter [Verfasser]. "Monuments and national memory cultures in France and Germany since 1989 : the "Vél d'Hiv" in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin = Denkmäler und nationale Erinnerungskulturen in Frankreich und Deutschland seit 1989 / vorgelegt von Peter Carrier." 2000. http://d-nb.info/964990113/34.

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Books on the topic "National monuments – Germany"

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Pohlsander, Hans A. National monuments and nationalism in 19th century Germany. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2008.

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National monuments and nationalism in 19th century Germany. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2008.

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Koshar, Rudy. From monuments to traces: Artifacts of German memory, 1870-1990. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

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From monuments to traces: Artifacts of German memory, 1870-1990. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

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Katrin, Keller, and Schmid Hans-Dieter, eds. Vom Kult zur Kulisse: Das Völkerschlachtdenkmal als Gegenstand der Geschichtskultur. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 1995.

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Hutter, Peter. "Die feinste Barbarei": Das Völkerschlachtdenkmal bei Leipzig. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1990.

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Munich and memory: Architecture, monuments, and the legacy of the Third Reich. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

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Helmut, Caspar, and Hildebrandt Dieter 1932-, eds. Die Beine der Hohenzollern: Interpretiert an Standbildern der Siegesallee in Primaneraufsätzen aus dem Jahre 1901, versehen mit Randbemerkungen Seiner Majestät Kaiser Wilhelm II. Berlin: Berlin Edition, 2001.

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Carrier, Peter. Holocaust monuments and national memory cultures in France and Germany since 1989: The origins and political function of the Vél' d'Hiv' in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin. Oxford, UK: Berghahn Books, 2006.

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Holocaust monuments and national memory cultures in France and Germany since 1989: The origins and political function of the Vél' d'Hiv' in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin. New York: Berghahn Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "National monuments – Germany"

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Paver, Chloe. "From Monuments to Installations: Aspects of Memorialization in Historical Exhibitions about the National Socialist Era." In Memorialization in Germany since 1945, 253–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248502_24.

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Chapoutot, Johann. "From Empire to Reich." In Greeks, Romans, Germans. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520275720.003.0007.

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This chapter examines Rome as a source of political, military, and even architectural inspiration for Nazism. A source of infinite lessons and precise instructions, the history of Rome showed not only how to build empires but also the tangible symbols of that empire. National Socialism would thus have to pursue its imperial pretensions by imitating and eclipsing the shadows of the ancients in the granite of Nuremberg, where once the living, breathing mass of the Volksgemeinschaft met and rallied in congress, now only a desolate wasteland haunted by the devastation of the Nazi Walpurgisnacht. This chapter describes an organic link between the monuments of modern Germany, the distant history of the race, and its imperial future.
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Klejn, Leo. "Gustaf Kossinna (1858–1931) (2001)." In Histories of Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199550074.003.0017.

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Kossinna was an outstanding German archaeologist who specialized in prehistoric archaeology and was the founder of the ‘residence or settlement school of archaeology’ (Siedlungsärchaologie). He was a contradictory figure. Although he taught many prominent archaeologists, he very rarely attended excavations. A man of extraordinary erudition, an incomparable connoisseur of a huge range of archaeological material, he was a militant amateur in the discipline. He is considered, with some justification, to be the precursor of Nazi archaeology. However, it was not his conception but rather that of his opponent Carl Schuchhardt that became the official archaeological line in Hitler’s Germany. Kossinna’s method of settlement archaeology was implemented in the Soviet Union after the Second World War. His rather dull hagiographical biography was written in Nazi Germany, but his person and activity are described vividly, sensibly, and critically in Eifurrung in die Vorgeschichte (Introduction to Prehistory) by H.-J. Eggers (1959), and some of the early episodes with Alfred Gotze and Schuchhardt are discussed in detail in that book. Gustaf Kossinna was born in 1858 in Tilsit, in what was formerly East Prussia. His father was a secondary school teacher; his mother descended from the gentry. A small and sickly child, Kossinna absorbed the humanistic and pedantic culture of German teachers, mastering Latin and literature, playing the piano, and working hard. This culture— impregnated with German nationalism, with national enthusiasm, and missionary hopes—was the direct result of the politics of the time, when Prussia was the leader of German unification. Kossinna consecutively attended the universities of Göttingen, Leipzig, Berlin, and Strasbourg. In Berlin he attended lectures in classical and German philology, history, and geography. Lectures by K. Müllenhof on German and Indo-European linguistics (the latter was called Indo-German then) especially fascinated him. The problem of the location of the original Indo-German homeland (Urheimat) was to preoccupy him for his entire life. In 1881 he defended his thesis in Strasbourg on the purely linguistic subject ‘Ancient Upper- Frankian Written Monuments’. He then became a librarian and from 1892 worked in the library of the University of Berlin.
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Diaz-Andreu, Margarita. "Informal Imperialism beyond Europe: The Archaeology of the Great Civilizations in Latin America, China, and Japan." In A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217175.003.0014.

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This chapter examines two very different examples of informal imperialism. The first takes place in Latin America, an area colonized by the Europeans for three centuries and politically independent from the 1810s and 1820s (see map 1). There the ancient Great Civilizations were mainly concentrated in Mexico and Peru, extending to a limited extent to other countries such as Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, and Ecuador. These countries provide the focus for the following pages, whereas a description of developments in the others is reserved for the discussion of internal colonialism in Chapter 10. As mentioned in Chapter 4, after an initial use of monumental archaeology at the time of the Latin-American independence, the emergence of racism led to a process of disengagement: elites only extended their interest in the origins of the nation back to the period of the arrival of the Europeans in the area. The local scholarly pride for the pre-Hispanic past re-emerged, mainly from the 1870s, timidly at first but soon gained sufficient strength to allow indigenous elites a novel rapprochement with their native monuments. Only when this happened would the tension between the national past and the discourse of inferiority advocated by the informal colonial powers be felt. The latter had been formed by explorers, collectors and scholars from the Western world. These were, to start with, mainly French and British, and later also scholars from the US and Germany. A few of them would diverge from the line taken by the majority, and Mexico City was chosen, in the early twentieth century, to undertake a unique experiment: the creation of an international school to overcome the effects of imperialism. The political circumstances, however, unfortunately led to the failure of this trial. The other case discussed in this chapter is located in East and Central Asia, in China and Japan and, by extension, in Korea. These countries had been able to maintain their independence in the early modern era mainly through the closure of their frontiers. In the second half of the nineteenth century, however, they were politically compelled to open up to the Western world.
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Mitterhofer, Johanna. "Beyond the Nation." In Heritage at the Interface. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056579.003.0010.

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In this chapter the author explores the effects of the exclusive potential of heritage in culturally heterogeneous European societies and investigates initiatives that seek to make heritage more inclusive and pluralistic. How do minority groups negotiate heritage practices and discourses formulated by the dominant national population? From a war monument in South Tyrol, an Italian province inhabited by a large German-speaking minority, to the role of migrant memories in the making of national heritage discourses, the chapter focuses on processes that seek to include minority voices and contrasting heritage interpretations in what Laurajane Smith terms the “Authorized Heritage Discourse.”
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Engels, David. "Oswald Spengler and the Decline of the West." In Key Thinkers of the Radical Right, 3–21. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877583.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses the life and work of Oswald Spengler, whose fame is based on his The Decline of the West, a monumental historical study that endeavored to show that all human civilizations live through similar phases of evolution. Spengler also dabbled with politics and attempted, in a series of essays, to promote the idea of a conservative renaissance in Germany. The rise of National Socialism put Spengler in a situation of ideological opposition and, after he criticized the regime because of its racial theory and its populism, made him a persona non grata until his death in 1937. After the Second World War, Spengler’s elitism and expectation of a German-dominated Europe dominated the reception of his work. This somewhat masked the complexity of his thought, which prefigures such modern debates as the criticism of technology, ecological issues, interreligious questions, the rise of Asia, and prehistoric human evolution.
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"The Walhalla: Bavarian Integration Monument, Germanic Hall of Fame, Expression of European Patronage." In The Rhine: National Tensions, Romantic Visions, 166–82. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004344068_011.

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Stangl, Paul. "Unter den Linden." In Risen from Ruins. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503603202.003.0004.

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Shortly after the war, preservationists lobbied for funds to carry out emergency repairs to key structures on Unter den Linden. The SMAD displayed little interest, and German Communist politicians sought to efface monumental buildings as symbols of the Prussian-German monarchy and military. The adoption of socialist realism in 1950 meant that valuable architecture should be restored as national cultural heritage. Buildings created for cultural purposes were readily rehabilitated, while those with militaristic place-based meaning prompted debate over how best to reinterpret them. Socialist realism allowed multiple possibilities, and decision-makers sought a solution that best mitigated concerns over militarism while maintaining conceptual and formal continuity.
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Bonds, Mark Evan. "11. “Beethoven”." In Ludwig van Beethoven: A Very Short Introduction, 105–16. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190051730.003.0012.

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‘Beethoven’ asks why Beethoven’s contemporaries knew relatively little about him as an individual. It was only after his death that an image of him began to emerge, fuelled by the discovery and publication of the Heiligenstadt Testament, the letter to the Immortal Beloved, and a series of reminiscences and biographies. More and more, the public came to hear Beethoven’s music as a form of sonic autobiography, and critics went to great lengths to associate specific events in his life with specific compositions. Beethoven’s reputation as the most consequential composer in the history of Western music grew exponentially in the century after his death. The many monuments and statues erected in his honour bear witness to a sense of intense national and cultural pride on the part of Germans, who regarded him as the musical counterpart to Goethe. Over time, political parties from the far left to the far right would co-opt Beethoven’s music to serve their various causes. His hold on popular culture continues unabated, having found its way into disco, rap, and popular song, and his life has been the subject of multiple feature-length films.
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10

Hall, Jonathan M. "Safeguarding Heritage." In Reclaiming the Past, 101–32. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760532.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the reigns of, first, the Bavarian king Otto and then, following his removal in 1862, the Danish king George I. It looks at the developed and expanded town in this period: a new cathedral in 1865 and the railway, connecting Argos to Athens, in 1886. Foreigners continued to visit Argos, with a notable increase in German and American, as well as female, visitors. The travelers described the visible standing monuments of the ancient city but they also devoted more attention to spolia (ancient sculptural reliefs, architectural elements, and inscriptions incorporated into later buildings). The chapter then shifts to elaborate on the newfound interest in local antiquities, noting the publication of Ioannis Kofiniotis's A History of Argos. It argues that, in its fusion of the “Hellenic” and “Romeic” facets of Greek self-indication, it localizes a national discourse that had been initiated a few decades earlier by the literary scholar and folklorist Spyridon Zambelios and the historian Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos. The chapter then reviews Argos's first cultural association, the Argive Danaos Society, which aimed to promote the spiritual and intellectual interests of the citizens of Argos.
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