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Buchmann, Marius, Julia Kusznir, and Gert Brunekreeft. "Assessment of the drafted German integrated National Energy and Climate Plan." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001006.
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Panait, Daniela Zănescu. "Implementation by Romania of the Energy Governance based on the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0046.
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Abstract The current paper completes the empirical literature on the European Union (EU) climate and energy policy design and evaluation, namely the implementation part related to the development, assessment and approval of the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of the Member States (MS) for the period 2021-2030. These strategic documents are foreseen by the Governance Regulation no. EU 2018/1999 as the main tools used to implement the climate and energy policies and targets by 2030. This paper is organized as follows: the abstract gives an overview of the paper and its main conclusions. Section 1 depict the introduction and background about the whole process around NECPs and the main provisions related under the Governance Regulation. Section 2 reviews literature from the perspective of the EU negotiations on 2030&2050 energy and climate targets, legal aspects of climate and energy governance and the process of NECPs development and approval. It also includes a short presentation of the data used for the analysis, including their sources. Section 3 gives an insight about the approval of Romania‘s NECPs by the European Commission. At the same time, this section briefly comments on proposals made by the national authorities and the recommendations using as starting point Romania‘s position in 2014 during the 2030 climate and energy negotiations while taking into account the dynamic of the geopolitical situation to date. Section 4 concludes.
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Prina, Matteo Giacomo, Giampaolo Manzolini, David Moser, Roberto Vaccaro, and Wolfram Sparber. "Multi-Objective Optimization Model EPLANopt for Energy Transition Analysis and Comparison with Climate-Change Scenarios." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123255.
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The modeling of energy systems with high penetration of renewables is becoming more relevant due to environmental and security issues. Researchers need to support policy makers in the development of energy policies through results from simulating tools able to guide them. The EPLANopt model couples a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to EnergyPLAN simulation software to study the future best energy mix. In this study, EPLANopt is applied at country level to the Italian case study to assess the best configurations of the energy system in 2030. A scenario, the result of the optimization, is selected and compared to the Italian integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. It allows a further reduction of CO2 emissions equal to 10% at the same annual costs of the Italian integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. Both these results are then compared to climate change scenarios through the carbon budget indicator. This comparison shows the difficulties to meet the Paris Agreement target of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. The results also show that this target can only be met through an increase in the total annual costs in the order of 25% with respect to the integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. However, the study also shows how the shift in expenditure from fossil fuels, external expenses, to investment on the national territory represents an opportunity to enhance the national economy.
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Laes, Erik, and Aviel Verbruggen. "Meta-review of Belgium's integrated National Energy and Climate draft Plan 2021-2030." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001004.
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Pluta, Marcin, Wojciech Suwala, and Artur Wyrwa. "Review of the Polish integrated National Energy and Climate draft Plan 2021-2030." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001009.
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Romano, Giada, Francesco Cesare Lallo, and Francesco Mancini. "Halving of consumption and energy efficiency of the “Mario Pagano” National boarding school in Campobasso." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131202010.
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In the national context, Italy with the Integrated National Plan for Energy and Climate (PNIEC) intends to achieve an indicative target of reducing consumption by 2030 equal to 43% of primary energy and 39.7% of final energy compared to the reference scenario of 2007 while with the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), the ecological transition will have to be the basis of the new development model on a global scale. To start it up, it will be necessary to drastically reduce emissions of climate-altering gases in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal. Secondly, it will be necessary to improve the energy efficiency of production chains, civil settlements and public buildings and the quality of air in urban centres and water. In light of these ambitious objectives, particular attention is paid to existing buildings: this research has been focused on the is the National Boarding School “Mario Pagano”, an 8,700 m2 school built in 1899, located in the historical centre of Campobasso (Molise). The effects of the intervention proposals have been simulated in order to evaluate energy savings and the reduction of CO2 emissions. The research is also supported by an economic evaluation that prove the economic sustainability within a period of about 15 years.
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Jin, Ning, and Sheng Fei Li. "River Water and Ground Source Heat Pump Integrated Application of Energy-Saving Technology." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1178.
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Along with our country economic development fast development, construction energy consumption large scale growth, constructs the energy consumption to occupy the national energy consumption about 25%, therefore the energy consumption question becomes the national economy society to continue the healthy development now the subject matter. The development renewable energy source resources, reduce the energy consumption vigorously, slows down the global climate warming, protects the ecological environment, advances the human society sustainable development together, has become now the social development significant strategic plan. This article take the river water source and the place source heat pump as the example, the use river water source and the place source heat pump integration application energy conservation technology to the construction heating, the refrigeration. Through to this integrative system's analysis, obtained the river water source and the place source heat pump integration application energy conservation and the environmental protection performance.
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Zheliezna, T. A. "ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL SCENARIO TO ACHIEVE ZERO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY 2050." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 44, no. 1 (May 12, 2022): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2022.8.
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The aim of the work is to develop recommendations for Ukraine to meet the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2060. The global scenario of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 developed by the International Energy Agency is presented; the role of renewable energy sources in the implementation of the scenario is considered. According to this scenario, two thirds of the world’s total primary energy supply in 2050 will be provided by wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and hydropower. Electricity will account for almost half of the total energy consumption in 2050, play a key role in all sectors, and make a significant contribution to the production of low-carbon fuels, including hydrogen. At the same time, about 90% of electricity in 2050 will come from renewable energy sources. Recommendations have been developed for Ukraine on the development of the use of renewable energy sources and the fulfillment of the goal to achieve climate neutrality by 2060. In particular, it is recommended to approve as soon as possible an Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan for 2021-2030, which is in line with European approaches to an interrelated view of energy and climate. It is also recommended to fully implement the tasks related to the implementation of strategic goals in the energy sector defined in the National Economic Strategy until 2030. Such actions guarantee effective decarbonization of Ukraine’s energy sector and make a significant contribution to achieving climate neutrality by 2060.
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Dr. Rubi Gupta. "Exploring Regulatory Framework Related to Green Energy: An Analytical Study." Research Ambition an International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 9, no. I (May 30, 2024): 07–17. https://doi.org/10.53724/ambition/v9n1.03.
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At present not only legislation but judiciary has taken tremendous steps toward the environment, without it would be impossible, the existence of human beings. Green energy protects environment. Green energy is that energy which does not pollute the environment and it is renewal in nature. These energy sources, are really available on earth and can be naturally replenished and don't even harm environment. Solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, ocean energy, hydro power energy, bio energy is example of green energy. In this research paper, researcher by adopting doctrine research evaluate and compare the legal framework of India related to green energy such as- “Environmental laws, constitutional law, Tariff policy 2006, integrated energy policy, 2006, National action plan on climate change, 2008, etc.”
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Fadi Georges, Comair. "Island Water Management Cyprus Facts Finding Mission and Gap Identifications." Repositories of Agriculture 1, no. 1 (July 24, 2024): 030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ra.000005.
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Water management on islands faces unique challenges due to limited size, isolation, climate change impacts, and economic development needs. These factors intensify water scarcity, highlighting the need for sustainable resource development through multidisciplinary approaches. Cyprus, the third-largest Mediterranean island, exemplifies these challenges, with the lowest water availability per capita in the region and severe water scarcity exacerbated by climate change. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive master plan that integrates technical, environmental, social, and economic factors, focusing on climate change impacts on the water cycle. The Energy, Environment, and Water Research Center (EEWRC) plays a pivotal role in global resource management, emphasizing sustainable development goals and Integrated Water Resources Management Policy. EEWRC’s key initiatives include hydrodiplomacy and WEF Nexus and Integrated Water Resource Management IWRM, monitoring sediment transport pollution, water quality monitoring of basins and aquifers, smart water management of conventional and non-conventional water, and nature-based solutions for water and land management integration. To improve water management in Cyprus, establishing a National Commission for Water Experts is recommended. This commission would provide a detailed roadmap for water management, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Climate Change Initiative coordinated by the Cyprus Institute. Additionally, organizing a conference focused on “Cyprus Island Water Management” would help launch this concept. In conclusion, it is crucial to develop a long-term strategy for optimal water resource management in Cyprus, addressing water issues, promoting conservation, launching climate-resilient initiatives, and fostering collaboration with national and international entities for success.
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Tomić, Aleksandra. "Multicriteria selection of the optimal energy mix during the world energy crisis." Industrija 49, no. 3-4 (2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija49-36588.
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Sustainable development is feasible through energy transition. The key elements of such transition are: the implementation of energy efficiency measures, the use of renewable resources, tackling climate change and environmental protection. It is known that the EU has established a legally binding framework for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement from 2015, as well as ambitious goals through the 2030 Agenda. Since Serbia signed Sofia Declaration from 2020, it will create new Energy Strategy and technical study based upon existing energy sources, to get to the aim of optimal energy mix. This will take into account the electricity system and energy security, as well as the economic and financial analysis of the proposed technical solutions of the optimal mix. In this paper, a multi-criteria analysis has been developed for the purpose of evaluating the results and selecting the scenarios on the basis of which the draft of the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan will be prepared. The basis for this analysis should be the selection of the optimal energy mix that will be continuously monitored with special reference to the period of energy crises, when there are major disruptions in prices and availability on the world energy market.
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Caka, Fjollë, and Murtezan Ismaili. "Assessment of Climate Change Mainstreaming in Spatial Planning at the Central Level in Kosovo." SEEU Review 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2022-0010.
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Abstract Spatial developments contribute to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and disordered land use. At the same time, climate change impacts have spatial implications, influencing the land uses and settlements development, and damaging habitats, ecosystems, infrastructure and other assets. Considering its regulatory character and multi-sectorial approach, spatial planning is gaining an increasingly important role in climate change management. As such, it could be better utilized in increasing climate resiliency and achieving decarbonization targets in Kosovo as well. While Kosovo is prone to natural hazards such as floods, landslides, droughts, and wildfires, the future climate change could further impact the economy, infrastructure, buildings, energy, health and wellbeing of its communities. Assuming that climate change considerations are not sufficiently integrated in spatial planning policies at the national level in Kosovo, this research assesses the extent that the Law on Spatial Planning and the Spatial Plan of Kosovo (also referred as the Spatial Planning Strategy) address those considerations. Upon the identified gaps, this research provides recommendations for better climate change management, risk reduction and resiliency building. Considering that the Spatial Plan of Kosovo has expired, and the Kosovo’s institutions are currently reviewing and considering the updating of the Law on Spatial Planning, the findings of this research could better inform and orient climate change mainstreaming in spatial planning at the central level.
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Serra, Vittorio, Antonio Ledda, Maria Grazia Gavina Ruiu, Giovanna Calia, Valentina Mereu, Valentina Bacciu, Serena Marras, Donatella Spano, and Andrea De Montis. "Adaptation to Climate Change Across Local Policies: An Investigation in Six Italian Cities." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 8318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148318.
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Climate change is a concerning phenomenon worldwide. The reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is the core of the mitigation strategies that are effective countermeasures to address a changing climate in the long term. Nevertheless, the need for short-term solutions regarding adaptation to climate change (ACC) has gained growing interest in the scientific community and in European institutions. European and national ACC principles are being integrated in strategies and plans. In Italy, some regions have adopted ACC principles in strategic plans, which influence the whole local planning system and persuade local communities to become more climate-resilient. This study focuses on the mainstreaming of ACC into strategies, plans, programs, and projects (SPPPs) adopted by the following Italian cities: Bologna, Milan, Naples, Rome, Turin, and Venice. We scrutinize the contents of SPPPs with respect to four criteria: (i) references to strategies or plans for ACC; (ii) inclusion of ACC objectives and (iii) measures; and (iv) references to—or the inclusion of—climatic analysis on historical series and/or future projections. We found out that most SPPPs adopted by the cities have considered ACC in a promising way, i.e., all the cities are inclined to promote ACC, despite three of them lacking a municipal ACC strategy or plan and a National Adaptation Plan not being in force.
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De Paoli, Luigi, and Patrice Geoffron. "Introduction National Energy and Climate Plans in perspective: How can we strike a balance between the desirable and the sustainable?" ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (June 2024): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2024-001002.
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This contribution constitutes an introduction to the special issue of EPEE dedicated to the examination of four updates of the integrated National Energy-Climate Plan (NECP) which follows the other special issue published in 2019 (EPEE, no 1/2019) when the first version of the Plans for 2030 has been prepared. The NECP-2023 differ from the NECP-2019 signifi- cantly, first of all because the EU in the meantime has raised the targets for 2030 significantly following the approval of the "Climate law" in 2021, which commits the EU to reaching the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2050. But, in addition to the change in the tar- gets, the entire framework of energy-climate policy has changed profoundly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine which brought the issue of security of energy supplies (particularly gas) in Europe back to the foreground. First, this introduction, to allow the reader to understand how the EU came to decide the com- mon objectives and those of the Member States (MS) and how the NECPs examined in the special issue are structured, traces the history of the last 60 years of the European energy and climate policy. The next section summarizes the assessment that the European Commission made of the provisional update of the NECPs which was presented by the MS in the second half of 2023. Finally, some salient points highlighted by the experts who examined the NECPs of France and Germany, Italy and Spain are reported.
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Monstvilas, Edmundas, Simon Paul Borg, Rosita Norvaišienė, Karolis Banionis, and Juozas Ramanauskas. "Impact of the EPBD on Changes in the Energy Performance of Multi-Apartment Buildings in Lithuania." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032032.
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As per general provisions of European Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy efficiency of buildings (recast), the Lithuanian government transposed the Directive into Lithuanian national law. In the process, the Lithuanian government prepared strategic documents in the field of energy performance and renewable energy that were integrated together through the National Energy and Climate Plan for 2021–2030 (NECP). To better understand the current situation vis-à-vis energy performance, the main characteristics of buildings pertaining to the Lithuanian multi-apartment building stock, classified according to their energy performance class, are analysed and discussed in this paper. Through the exploitation of data from the national Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, an overview of the energy performance of the existing Lithuanian residential building stock is presented along with an analysis of the unused potential energy savings pertinent to this building category. The results obtained from the analysed data of energy consumption in buildings shows that the policies adopted over the years were successful in improving the building stock, promoting the move towards the specifications required by a Class A++ (nearly zero energy buildings—NZEB) by 2021. The results show that this was primarily achieved by a significant reduction in the thermal energy used for space heating.
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Jelavić, Vladimir, and Valentina Delija-Ružić. "Multisektorski pristup u tranziciji prema niskougljičnom razvoju i ciljevima Zelenog akcionog plana EU – iskustva Republike Hrvatske." Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija 23, no. 3 (2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee21-3.26j.
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The paper will describe a multisectoral approach in development of long-term planning documents based on the example of developing background papers for low-carbon development strategy in the Republic of Croatia until 2030, with a view to the year 2050. As part of its obligations under the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action (EU 2018/1999), the Republic of Croatia is obliged to develop an Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan and a Long-Term Decarbonisation Strategy. New strategic goals of the Green Plan for Europe, intended to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and raise global competitiveness of the European economy, set an ambitious goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Fulfilling that vision requires a multidisciplinary approach as it does not suffice to reduce emissions from energy, industry, general consumption and transport, but it is necessary to increase removals in agricultural and LULUCF sectors. The paper will describe the development process, the engagement of numerous stakeholders, the methodological approach and the main outcomes. The analyses include detailed modelling in energetics, by economic sectors and natural carbon storage of the LULUCF sector. There are comments on synergistic energy challenges and on maintaining a secure food supply, as well as on sustainable forest management, achieving clean air, use of space and more.
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Marian, Găiceanu, Epure Silviu, Solea Razvan, and Buhosu Razvan. "Static Power Equipment for the Active Elimination of Harmonics from the National Energy Grid." Annals of Marine Science 8, no. 1 (October 12, 2024): 034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ams.000047.
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Taking into account the long-term (2020-2050) Energy Strategy of Romania, and the Integrated National Plan in the Energy and Climate Changing 2021-2030, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, utilizing the industrial partners, will conduct the applied industrial research to provide in the National Grid a clean energy, by harmonics mitigation. This paper deals with the Shunt Active Power solution to efficiently mitigate the current harmonics within the national power grid. Both numerical and experimental results are presented in this paper. The results of this paper are obtained by the beneficiary and the industrial partner of the „Knowledge transfer regarding the increase of energy efficiency and intelligent power systems” project, acronym CRESC-INTEL, within the POC Competitiveness Operational Program. The obtained results of this project will conduct one innovation-based ecosystem in the European Union research and technological development field. Innovative static power types of equipment ensure an increased energy efficiency of the power system with a high power factor. Based on the obtained prototype, a mass production of the innovative static power equipment will be delivered to the specific market, by complying with the available power quality standards. In this way, based on the static power equipment series production, by considering alternative power ranges, harmonic cleaning of the national grid is obtained.
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Lewis, Clint T., and Ming-Chien Su. "Climate Change Adaptation and Sectoral Policy Coherence in the Caribbean." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158518.
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Climate change is an existential threat to small island developing states. Policy coherence aims to create synergies and avoid conflicts between policies. Mainstreaming adaptation across multiple sectors and achieving greater coherence amongst policies is needed. The paper applies qualitative document analysis, content analysis, and expert interviews to examine the degree of coherence between climate-sensitive sector policies in framing climate change adaptation and the adaptation goals outlined in the national development plan and national climate change policies in St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG), Grenada, and Saint Lucia. The results indicate that adaptation is not fully integrated into the water, agriculture, coastal zone, and forestry policies. For example, while adaptation was explicitly addressed in Saint Lucia’s water policy, it was not explicitly addressed in SVG’s and Grenada’s water policy. The results show that Saint Lucia has the highest coherence score (93.52) while St. Vincent and the Grenadines has the lowest (91.12). The optimal coherence score that can be possibly obtained is 147, which indicates partial coherence in adaptation mainstreaming in sectoral policies. Expert interviews highlighted problems such as institutional arrangements, a silo approach, funding mechanisms, and policy implementation. Using the knowledge provided by the experts, a seven-step process is proposed to practically achieve policy coherence and operationalize the policies.
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Munteanu, Răzvan-Aurelian. "Public policies in the First District of Bucharest - Sustainable solutions for increasing energy efficiency." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2020-0005.
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AbstractThe paper represents an analysis of the public policies implemented in the First District of Bucharest related to the energy efficiency. Energy represents a strategic factor for the socio-economic development of Romania and finding the best solutions for increasing energy efficiency will contribute to the objectives for durability and competitiveness in the European Union. The importance of the theme is given by the requirement of the European Union through Energy Efficiency Directive that require member states to set up plans at every three years and evaluate the progress towards energy efficiency annually. Also, for the next period, 2021-2030, all member states must elaborate the 10-year integrated national energy and climate plan (NECP), presenting the solutions in order to meet the different targets for 2030, including energy efficiency. The objective of the article is to find the best solutions for increasing the energy efficiency, having as case study the 1-st District of Bucharest. The author is presenting three solutions, as follows: multistorey thermal rehabilitation, domestic elevators modernization, individual houses thermal rehabilitation. The impact of the solutions presented in the paper are the following: decrease of energy consumption, decrease of CO2 emissions, safety increase.
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Gargiulo, Alessia, Maria Leonor Carvalho, and Pierpaolo Girardi. "Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Electricity Scenarios to 2030." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153852.
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The study presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Italian electricity scenarios, devised in the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (INECP). A fully representative LCA of the national electricity system was carried out, taking into consideration a great number of different power plant typologies for current (2016 and 2017) and future (2030) electricity mixes. The study confirms that LCA can be a powerful tool for supporting energy planning and strategies assessment. Indeed the results put in evidence not only the improvement of the environmental profile from the current to the future mix (the impacts decrease from 2016 to 2030 due to the transition towards renewables, mainly wind and photovoltaic), but also underline the difference between two scenarios at 2030 (being the scenario that includes the strategic objectives of the INECP to 2030 the one showing best environmental profile), providing an evaluation of the effect of different energy policies. For example, in the INECP scenario CO2 eq/kWh is 46% lower than current scenario and 37% lower than business as usual scenario for 2030. Moreover, considering different impact categories allowed to identify potential environmental trade-offs. The results suggest also the need of future insight on data related to photovoltaic technologies and materials and their future development.
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Choi, Younghun, Takuro Kobashi, Yoshiki Yamagata, and Akito Murayama. "Assessment of Waterfront Office Redevelopment Plan on Optimal Building Arrangements with Rooftop Photovoltaics: A Case Study for Shinagawa, Tokyo." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030883.
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Designing waterfront redevelopment generally focuses on attractiveness, leisure, and beauty, resulting in various types of building and block shapes with limited considerations on environmental aspects. However, increasing climate change impacts necessitate these buildings to be sustainable, resilient, and zero CO2 emissions. By producing five scenarios (plus existing buildings) with constant floor areas, we investigated how buildings and district forms with building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) affect energy consumption and production, self-sufficiency, CO2 emission, and energy costs in the context of waterfront redevelopment in Tokyo. From estimated hourly electricity demands of the buildings, techno-economic analyses were conducted for rooftop PV systems for 2018 and 2030 with declining costs of rooftop PV systems. We found that environmental building designs with rooftop PV system are increasingly economical in Tokyo with CO2 emission reduction of 2–9% that depends on rooftop sizes. Payback periods drop from 14 years in 2018 to 6 years in 2030. Toward net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, immediate actions are necessary to install rooftop PVs on existing and new buildings with energy efficiency improvements by construction industry and building owners. To facilitate such actions, national and local governments need to adopt appropriate policies.
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Lamura, Maddalena Josefin. "Energy poverty across Europe: Problematisation and policy measures through the lens of energy justice." Culture, Practice & Europeanization 7, no. 2 (2022): 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2566-7742-2022-2-209.
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In addition to technological challenges, the energy transition involves societal, political, and economic rearrangements. These rearrangements may exacerbate existing inequalities and injustices or generate new ones. To shed light on how just energy transitions are currently envisioned, this article assesses which injustices are recognised and addressed in four National Energy and Climate Plans (NECP) mandated by the European Union. The plans of Austria, Denmark, Poland and Italy are compared via qualitative content analysis. The articles focuses on how countries problematise and plan to address energy poverty, which is conceptualised as energy injustice, adopting an energy justice perspective. The analysis shows that all plans are limited in their appreciation of energy poverty along the three energy justice tenets discussed in the literature (recognition, distribution, procedural justice). All plans disregard gender, and other vulnerabilities to energy poverty and spatial injustices are rarely mentioned. The Italian plan appears the most detailed in problematising energy poverty, while Denmark provides the least detail on the issue, assigning energy poverty to social policy, which is considered separately from the NECP. All countries identify energy-efficient buildings as a promising intervention area, but measures targeting the specific financial obstacles faced by people in energy poverty still need to be clarified. Generally, a wider acknowledgement of structural injustices associated with energy poverty is needed to integrate social and energy goals and reach a “justice-aware” energy policy.
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Romano, Giada, Elisa Pennacchia, and Sofia Agostinelli. "Historical analysis and refurbishment proposal of the “Red schools” in Viterbo." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019702003.
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To hinder climate change, EU legislation requires that by 2020 each European state achieves the objectives set by the 2020 Climate and Energy Package. Particular attention is paid not only to new constructed buildings, the so-called Near Zero Energy Buildings, but also to the existing building stock: in Italy in fact, in addition to the National Action Plan to increase the NZEB buildings (PANZEB), the Strategy for Energy Renewal of the National Real Estate Park (STERPIN) is planned. The aim of the thesis work is a primary school built in 1938 within the historical centre of Viterbo. The work touched on three different areas of design: the design of the internal and external spaces, annexed to the school building, finding solutions for a flexible and functional distribution in line with the theories of modern pedagogy, moving from a school of homologation to a school of diversity enhancement. This was joined by a study concerning the original elevations and constructive features, bearers of historical and aesthetic values, which resulted in the proposal for conservative restoration of the Terranova plaster and the original iron-window profiles. Finally, attention was paid to energy upgrading and efficiency, in line with regulatory provisions. The interventions did not only concern the building envelope (through a thermal upgrading of the original iron-windows, the insulation of the flat roof and the indoor thermal coat of the perimeter walls), but also the system (through the replacement of the boiler with a heat pump, integrated with the photovoltaic system placed on the roof, the inclusion of thermostatic valves and lighting design with the replacement of fluorescent lamps with LED ones).
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Serri, Laura, Lisa Colle, Bruno Vitali, and Tullia Bonomi. "Floating Offshore Wind Farms in Italy beyond 2030 and beyond 2060: Preliminary Results of a Techno-Economic Assessment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 8899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248899.
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At the end of 2019, 10.5 GW of wind capacity was installed in Italy, all onshore. The National Integrated Climate and Energy Plan sets a target of 18.4 GW of onshore wind capacity and 0.9 GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030. Significant exploitation of offshore wind resources in Italy is expected after 2030, using floating wind turbines, suitable for water depths greater than 50 m. This technology is at the demonstration phase at present. Results of a preliminary techno-economic assessment of floating wind plants in Italian marine areas in a medium (2030) and long-term (2060) scenario are presented. In 2030, a reference park with 10 MW wind turbines will be defined, and parametric costs, depending on distance from shore, were assessed. In 2060, possible wind resource variations due to climate change, and cost reductions due to large diffusion of the technology were considered in three case studies. The economic model used was the simple Levelized Cost of Energy (sLCoE). Different values of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) were considered too. The results show LCoEs comparable to the ones expected for the sector in 2030. In 2060, even in the more pessimistic scenario, wind resource decreases will be abundantly compensated by expected cost reductions.
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Han, Sangun. "Legislative and policy changes to achieve the SDGs in North Korea: Focusing on climate and environment." Unification and North Korean Law Studies 30 (December 31, 2023): 47–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31999/sonkl.2023.30.47.
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North Korea is actively utilizing the SDGs as a means to emphasize the unfairness and contradictions of the U.S. and other U.N. sanctions, saying that they are hindering peace-making and global partnerships, including the promotion of the SDGs and development cooperation, and to inform the international community that they are threatening North Korea's survival in non-political areas such as energy, food, water and sanitation, and the climate crisis. Furthermore, by actively embracing the UN SDGs, the DPRK is emphasizing its image as a ‘normal country’ and a ‘moderate country’ by accepting universal norms and values of the international community, including the United Nations, and cooperating with the international community, and recognizing the SDGs as a key means to attract development cooperation from the international community. In other words, the DPRK is establishing an implementation system by linking the UN SDGs to the Kim Jong-un regime's mid- and long-term national development plans, including the National Development Strategy and National Plan. Analyzing the specifics of the linkages and understanding the implications of the North Korean regime's policies can have important implications for advancing inter-Korean relations in the future. North Korea's legislative and policy responses to the implementation of the SDGs, particularly in the area of climate and environment, have so far fallen far short of the 30-year target. Nevertheless, North Korea's diplomatic diversification strategy to actively deal with the prolonged sanctions and diplomatic isolation is centered on the United Nations. North Korea's internal development strategy is also seeking a new direction, and the five-year plan for national economic development established at the 8th Party Congress in January 2021 and the new third UNSF (2022-2026) are also clarifying its intention to implement the SDGs with the international community. Among them, the renewable energy and circular economy sectors are being promoted by North Korea with a very active and urgent will to fulfill the SDGs, which is seen as a way to overcome the internal and external economic difficulties faced by North Korea. In addition, the disaster response field due to the climate crisis is being promoted by the North Korean regime with all its might. Given the need for the United Nations to include integrated SDGs on the Korean Peninsula in the new third UNSF (2022-2026), it is time for North and South Korea to work together with the United Nations to implement the SDGs, and we believe that cooperative projects in the field of climate and environment will be a key driver.
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Sorce, Alessandro, Alberto Vannoni, Daria Bellotti, and Massimo Rivarolo. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of the Italian Energy Transition Scenarios." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2648, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2648/1/012090.
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Abstract The aim of this work is to assess the environmental and economic impact of the Energy Transition of the Italian Electrical Sector, as planned by the PNIEC (Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan), published in December 2019, and by the scenarios, developed by Terna and Snam, updated to reach the Fit-for-55 objectives. The analysis of the historical trends related to RES (Renewable Energy Sources) capacity increase, allows comparing the historical effort with the one expected to reach the 2030 goals. In particular wind off-shore production is expected to have a larger impact than envisaged before. On the technical side, some scenarios assumptions are going to be revised to more realistic values. The technological and economic efforts, besides an estimation of the expected global environmental benefit, are assessed taking into account: i) the revised RES capacity increase, ii) the grid infrastructure enhancement, and iii) the envisaged installation of new storage and electrolyzer capacity. With flexibility items, ii) and iii), requiring a similar level of capital cost as the new RES capacity. The reduction in natural gas consumption in the different scenarios is expected to reduce both the Green House Gas emissions and the operating cost with a large impact on the average efficiency of the natural gas-fed power plants.
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Yoon, Younghan, Jae-Hyeoung Park, Jeong-Hee Kang, June-Seok Choi, Jungsu Park, and Phil-Jae Kwak. "Analysis on the Utilization of Renewable Energy for Carbon Neutralization in Sewage Treatment Facilities." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 44, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.543.
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Domestic wastewater treatment facilities(WTF) in Korea consume a lot of energy and generate greenhouse gases in the process of treating contaminated sewage. In response to climate change and the government's carbon neutrality, measures for energy reduction in WTF is an important issue along with water quality management, and simultaneously, diversification of renewable energy based on treatment facilities is essential. The energy independence and renewable energy utilization by facility capacity were analyzed based on sewage statistics (2019) and operation data of the National Sewage Information System. The amount of energy consumed by WTF was analyzed to be 83.6 million TOE, and the renewable energy produced was 10.8 million TOE. In consequence of analysis, the energy independence of domestic WTF in Korea was 12.9%. Among renewable energy, the contribution of biogas was the highest at 83.6%, but the current status of energy independence is somewhat insufficient to energy independence plan of WTF, requiring support for alternatives and policies to produce and secure additional renewable energy. In order to increase and diversify the use of renewable energy, the integrated digestion biogas of organic waste resources, the use of cooling and heating energy based on sewage heat, and the development of salinity gradient power generation were reviewed. Based on this, it was intended to contribute to the preparation of measures to achieve carbon neutrality in sewage treatment facilities.
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Romano, Giada, Adriana Scarlet Sferra, and Francesco Mancini. "Multi-criteria analysis of the improvement interventions related to the Superbonus 110%: efficiency, renewables." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2893, no. 1 (November 1, 2024): 012044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2893/1/012044.
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Abstract The 2050 long-term strategy of the European Union contains an analysis of the actions that need to be taken for the transition to a zero GHG emission economy and to to build a better future for all by 2050. The outlined scenarios envisage ambitious objectives in terms of the energy efficient building improvements, the use of RES and the reduction of climate-changing emission. Following this European vision, EU Member States have developed national long-term strategies and focusing on the building sector, in Italy the Recovery and Resilience Plan is providing financing and national and European investment is expected to enable the renovation of more than 100,000 buildings, with a total upgraded area of more than 36 million square metres. The expected energy saving is about 191 Ktoe/year with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of about 667 Kton CO2/year. At the end of 2023, the energy requalification of buildings reached about 12 million square metres. By 31 December 2025, the objective is to ensure the energy requalification of buildings for at least 32 million square metres. The proposed research aims to investigate the effects of the renovation activities related to the Superbonus 110% through a multi-criteria analysis, taking into account the beneficial effects consisting of the energy efficiency improvement. The research has been conducted starting from a database of 1,545 dwellings on the territory of Italy, using a data collection questionnaire to estimate the energy consumption of a dwelling, with an in-house developed calculation code based on a simplified dynamic simulation. The database has been set to satisfy different purposes: to characterize the energy uses of residential utilities and identify flexible loads; to estimate the effects of energy upgrading interventions; to analyse the transformation potential of residential buildings with the introduction of an integrated PV-Heat Pump-Thermal Storage system; to evaluate the best energy upgrading proposal based on the climate zone and building location; to evaluate the cost of energy upgrading interventions. The proposed activity aims to complement the studies carried out by projecting the existing situation into more scenarios congruent with the national and European context; the envisioned scenario interprets the need to increase the building stock efficiency and integrate more renewable energy resources into energy systems. In light of the estimates produced and the results achieved, the research aims to emphasize the reuse of building materials issue, looking at circular reuse, offering a different and broader assessment of interventions aimed at the construction sector and, more specifically, the residential sector.
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Grujić, Dunja, and Miloš Kuzman. "Models of Prosumers Electricity Usage." Energija, ekonomija, ekologija XXIV, no. 1 (2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee22-1.08g.
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In light of the sharp and significant increase of the electricity price on the global market in 2021, the concept of electricity production for the own needs gained importance. This work will analyze the possibilities of reducing electricity costs for end customers who become prosumers. It will also present ways of managing prosumers consumption in order to more rationally use produced electricity and improve energy efficiency. In addition, the impact of prosumers on total electricity generation from renewable sources in the Republic of Serbia will be discussed. To that end, special attention shall be on different models of assessment of total electricity produced in prosumers facilities, in accordance with the Law on the Use of Renewable Energy Sources. At the end, the results of the analyses will be presented, as well as possibilities for future development of the prosumers concept, in order to achieve the goals in faster and more successful manner, in accordance with the commitments made in international agreements, which will be implemented in the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan. In addition, when conducting research, special focus shall be on international practice in this area.
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Johannes Mokoele, Ngoako. "Urban Resilience and the Complexity of Climatic Risk Management in the City of Polokwane, Limpopo Province." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2023/v13n1a3.
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Abstract The unprecedented rate of urbanisation has changed the South African urban landscape. The densification of the population in cities has resulted in high consumption of electricity, waste production, a reduction of greenery, and traffic congestion, all of which contribute to climate change. South Africa promulgated legislations and acts such as the Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management Act (SPLUMA), the National Urban Development Framework (NUDF), and the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) to guide climate change adaptation and mitigation aspirations. These frameworks and plans are important for the management of urbanisation, which potentially contributes to climate change. Complexity theory is a lens for reviewing complex systems like urbanisation and cities. Complexity theory gives a thorough account of cities, urbanisation, and urban planning. The method that was adopted for the paper is a mixed-method approach. The data were collected by interviewing and administering questionnaires to municipal officials and residents of four urban areas (Legae la Batho, Emdo Park, Serala View, and Flora Park). Results show that the local municipality continues to be plagued with a lack of qualified personnel to implement policies that affect programme implementation, such as energy mix. Additionally, the City of Polokwane has been experiencing a reduction of green spaces, which has a negative impact on the climate change aspiration. The paper concludes that there are still challenges to a fully capacitated workforce within the Polokwane Local Municipality. The inability to implement policies has deleterious effects on climate change mitigation.
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Segura, Eva, Lidia M. Belmonte, Rafael Morales, and José A. Somolinos. "A Strategic Analysis of Photovoltaic Energy Projects: The Case Study of Spain." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 12, 2023): 12316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612316.
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The Spanish photovoltaic sector could be a serious opportunity for the recovery and economic growth of the country, by serving as a support platform for the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (NIECP) 2021–2030, whose objective is to determine the lines of action required for the appropriate and efficient use of clean energy in order to benefit the economy, employment, health, and the environment. Bearing in mind the notable increase in the economic competitiveness of photovoltaic energy in Spain when compared to traditional and other renewable energy sources, it is necessary to carry out a strategic analysis of the macro-environment, using a PESTEL (Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) analysis so as to identify the most relevant external aspects that are vital for the performance of photovoltaic industries/markets and to facilitate decision making when developing short-, medium-, and long-term strategies, and the micro-environment, using Porter’s five forces (threat of new entrants, threat from substitution products and/or services, the bargain power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers and competitive rivalry) framework, to determine and examine the main factors that define the structure and level of competition that exists within the Spanish industry/market. The results obtained have been combined in a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) chart, which facilitates an understanding of the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as regards the photovoltaic sector in Spain.
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Nowreen, Samshad, and Sharon Moran. "Broadening Tourism and Cultivating Sustainability: Exploring Opportunities in Bangladesh." Journal of Sustainable Development 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n1p93.
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This paper explores how tourism can be understood as an opportunity to develop sustainable enterprise, providing business opportunities while also advancing social and environmental goals. While every country has multiple challenges to manage in the future, we argue that comprehensive planning for sustainable tourism can integrate several policy goals and realize compounded benefits as governments declare their commitment to ‘build back better.’ The need to plan for sustainable development is especially salient in the wake of the pandemic, and with climate change looming. Using Bangladesh as our case study, we consider how integrated and cross-sectoral planning for tourism could help provide more opportunities for visitors to appreciate the rich resources located there, such as the cultural heritage, and the rare species and mangroves of the Sundarbans, while simultaneously advancing policy goals for social welfare and the environment. We outline opportunities on the horizon, and by drawing on demographic data about the Bangladeshi diaspora, it becomes clear that heritage tourism has potential and merits further study. Finally, targeting the expansion of sustainable livelihoods can strengthen local economies and simultaneously help Bangladesh advance its efforts toward related national goals, including the UN’s SDGs (United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals).
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Hasan, Md Khairul, Mohamed Rasmy, Toshio Koike, and Katsunori Tamakawa. "An Integrated Approach for the Climate Change Impact Assessment on the Water Resources in the Sangu River Basin, Bangladesh, under Coupled-Model Inter-Comparison Project Phase 5." Water 16, no. 5 (February 29, 2024): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16050745.
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The Sangu River basin significantly contributes to national economy significantly; however, exposures to water-related hazards are frequent. As it is expected that water-related disasters will increase manifold in the future due to global warming, the Government of Bangladesh has formulated the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP-2100) to enhanced climate resilience. Accordingly, this study assessed the hydro-meteorological characteristics of the Sangu River basin under the changing climate. This study scientifically selected five General Circulation Models (GCMs) to include the model climate sensitivity and statistically bias-corrected their outputs. The Water and Energy Budget-based Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (WEB-RRI) model was used to simulate the hydrological responses of the basin. The analysis of five GCMs under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP8.5) revealed that all selected GCMs estimate a 2–13% increase in annual rainfall and a 3–12% increase in annual discharge in the near-future (2025–2050), whereas four GCMs project an 11–52% increase in annual rainfall and a 7–59% increase in annual discharge in the far-future (2075–2100). The projected more frequent and intense increased extreme rainfall and flood occurrences in the future indicate an increase in flood disaster risk, whereas increased meteorological and hydrological drought in the future reflects a scarcity of water during dry periods. The number of projected affected people shows an increasing trend due to the increased inundation in the future. However, an increasing trend of transpiration indicates agricultural productivity will increase in the future. Policymakers can utilize this evidence-based information to implement BDP-2100 and to reduce the disaster risks in the basin.
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Kacare, Marika, Ieva Pakere, Armands Gravelsins, and Andra Blumberga. "Impact Assessment of the Renewable Energy Policy Scenarios – a Case Study of Latvia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 998–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0075.
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Abstract Even though the development of renewable energy technologies has been one of the most discussed and research-rich fields of science, and there are many practical and convincing technologies in the field of renewable energy, the path taken by society to shift from the use of non-renewable energy sources to the use of renewable ones has often been slow and unclear. Renewable energy technologies have undergone many improvements. There are several successful and promising examples where installing renewable energy technologies has paid off financially and improved the environment and quality of life. Nevertheless, fossil fuel still dominates or makes up a large proportion of energy production. The research simulates existing, planned, and potential policies to assess the best way to integrate renewable and local energy resources into the energy system by 2030 and in the long term. Policy analysis is carried out for several possible combinations of support measures to assess if it is possible to achieve the set targets in the National and Climate plan by 2030 and reach Climate neutrality by 2050. Such an approach makes it possible to assess the impact of existing policies that create synergies or undesirable side effects and whether they maximize the return on investment from a socio-economic and environmental point of view. In addition, a risk analysis and impact assessment of the proposed policy scenarios are carried out using multi-criteria analysis.
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Moretti, Antonio, Charalampos Pitas, George Christofi, Emmanuel Bué, and Modesto Gabrieli Francescato. "Grid Integration as a Strategy of Med-TSO in the Mediterranean Area in the Framework of Climate Change and Energy Transition." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 5307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205307.
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The paper presents a survey on the situation in terms of solutions for grid integration throughout the Mediterranean area in the framework of climate change and energy transition. The objective of the study is focused on Mediterranean region connectivity initiatives in the context of the broader vision of an interconnected European–Mediterranean (Euro–Med) power system for a future low-carbon energy system as the fundamental objective of Med-TSO, the Association of the Mediterranean Transmission System Operators (TSOs) for electricity. The analysis examines how the power grid connectivity evolves from now on to 2030, describing the progress made to date in integrating the power grids of the Mediterranean region as well as the future possibilities for a more integrated power grid covering the whole region. The research, conducted within Mediterranean Project II of Med-TSO, includes an overview on the current situation of the interconnections and the proposal for the 2030 interconnections Master Plan, coherent with the national development plans (NDPs) and shared energy scenarios for the whole region at the same horizon of 2030. It conducts an assessment of the gap between the current and the 2030 expected situation, taking into account the energy transition toward 2030 objectives resulting from the achievements of climate change pledges, local governmental policies and EU strategy for neighboring countries and Africa. The solutions survey includes technical solutions, procedures and rules to improve systems’ integration and increase regional electricity exchanges in Med-TSO countries, and is aimed at achieving a higher quality of services and better efficiency of energy supply in Med-TSO member countries in the framework of the expected energy transition. The main scope is to present solutions that will be made available due to maturity and experience in the coming decade, specifically: high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technologies, energy storage, sectors coupling, smart grid technologies and services, inter-TSO and transmission–distribution cooperation platforms, etc. The article presents two case studies: the island paradigm and a new cross-border interconnection project of common interest. Finally, the post-pandemic core role of TSOs, which has become more relevant than ever, is transformed into a key-enabler of energy transition towards a sustainable, resilient and innovative climate-neutral recovery.
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Luca, Oana, Florian Gaman, and Emanuel Răuță. "Towards a National Harmonized Framework for Urban Plans and Strategies in Romania." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041930.
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The present paper aims to open the discussion on the adoption of a simplified, flexible, and harmonized strategic framework for city development in Romania. Besides a development strategy associated with general urban planning, multiple strategies are elaborated in accordance with the requirements of the financing authorities and the specific spatial planning legislation. These strategies were developed at different times by different institutions and aim to substantiate the directions and priorities of development and attract funding for various programs. In this study, we performed a thorough analysis in eight municipalities and concluded that such strategies cannot be effective, as they are not always coordinated and often lack consistency and complementarity with other strategic and operational plans and programs at the local level. Based on an international literature review including the recommendations of the Harmonization for Sustainable Energy, Climate Action Plans, and Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans developed by the EU financed project “Sustainable Integrated Multi-sector Planning” (SIMPLA), we propose a unification of the various strategies in a single harmonized, flexible strategic structure for the city. This harmonized structure includes specific components related to resilience in case of disasters and financing sources for all proposed projects.
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Kovacs, Marius, Angelica-Nicoleta Călămar, Lorand Toth, Sorin Simion, and Alexandru Simion. "Comparative measurements between the results achieved with reference method and the optical method for determination of PM10 dusts in ambient air." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134203002.
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The current paper aims to determine the actuality of the optical method of measuring PM10 dusts powders compared to the reference method (gravimetric method). According to the Integrated National Plan in the field of Energy and Climate Change 2021-2030, Romania must implement a program to reduce impact on atmosphere, including air quality monitoring, thus leading to an increase in the number of monitoring points and an increase in the number of samples required for monitoring. Currently, PM10 dust monitoring stations use the gravimetric method, consisting in absorbing a known volume of air on filters and weighing the dust deposited on them. As the use of this method requires a minimum of 3 days, it is necessary to apply an alternative measuring method, with short response time, namely the optical method. Parallel experimentation of the two measuring devices that use different principles was performed in several series of measurements at an economic agent that has the obligation to monitor dust at premises borders. Results obtained from comparison of the two devices can support future researchers in order to find limitations of the optical method of measuring PM10 dusts and to validate the method, in order to use it routinely.
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Locke, Jasmina, Jacinta Dsilva, and Saniya Zarmukhambetova. "Decarbonization Strategies in the UAE Built Environment: An Evidence-Based Analysis Using COP26 and COP27 Recommendations." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 11603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511603.
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The urgency of addressing climate change is increasingly evident through the rise in devastating natural disasters and significant shifts in global temperatures. With the urbanization of rural landscapes to accommodate population growth, the built environment has emerged as a major contributor to climate change, accounting for approximately 40% of natural resource consumption and carbon emissions. In pursuit of tackling climate challenges, countries have united under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to develop strategies for climate action and adaptation, through the Conference of the Parties (COP). The UAE has been an active member of the COP and has been at the forefront of implementing decarbonization strategies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the decarbonization recommendations presented during COP26 and COP27, specifically focusing on the built environment sector. The primary objective is to highlight how recommendations were effectively incorporated into the UAE’s built environment sector, employing a case study approach further highlighting the specific implementation strategies adopted in the G+2 SEE Institute building while demonstrating how COP26, COP27, and the UAE’s National Climate Change Plan 2017–2050 recommendations were translated into practical measures. The study places particular emphasis on the areas of energy, water and waste management, investigating how these strategies were integrated to promote decarbonization efforts. By examining the G+2 SEE Institute building case, this research attempts to provide valuable insights on aligning built environment practices with climate change mitigation objectives. The planning of the building structure employed a systems thinking approach, while assessments were conducted to identify materials and designs that would enable the building to achieve net-zero status. Real-time data analysis was employed for comprehensive analysis. The findings of this study will contribute to the body of knowledge on sustainable construction practices and serve as a guide for stakeholders, including developers, policymakers, and practitioners, in adopting effective strategies in reducing carbon emissions and fostering environmental sustainability in line with the Paris Agreement.
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Bernas, Jaroslav, Jan Moudrý, Marek Kopecký, Petr Konvalina, and Zdeněk Štěrba. "Szarvasi-1 and its Potential to Become a Substitute for Maize Which is Grown for the Purposes of Biogas Plants in the Czech Republic." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020098.
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The domestic biogas market has been developing rapidly, and legislation (The Act) supporting the use of renewable energy sources has come into force. In light of this act and investment support from national programs co-financed by the European Union (EU), the total number of biogas plants has recently increased from a few to 670. The total capacity of electricity generation of those 670 installed plants exceeds 360 Megawatts (MW) (as of mid-2018). Such dynamic growth is expected to continue, and the targets of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan are projected to be met. The use of waste material, which was urgently needed, was the original aim of biogas plants. However, in certain cases, the original purpose has transformed, and phytomass is very often derived from purpose-grown energy crops. Maize is the most common and widely grown energy crop in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, maize production raises several environmental issues. One way to potentially reduce maize’s harmful effects is to replace it with other suitable crops. Perennial energy crops, for example, are possible alternatives to maize. A newly introduced species for the conditions of the Czech Republic, Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1, and some other well-known species—Phalaris arundinacea L. and Miscanthus × giganteus—are suitable for Czech Republic climate conditions. This paper presents the findings of the research and evaluation of environmental, energy-related, and economic aspects of growing these crops for use in biogas plants. These findings are based on 5-year small-plot field trials. The energy-related aspects of producing Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1, Phalaris arundinacea L., and Miscanthus x giganteus are reported on the basis of experiments that included measuring the real methane yield from a production unit. The economic analysis is based on a model of every single growing and technological operation and costs. The environmental burden of the individual growing methods was assessed with a simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) using the impact category of Climate Change and the SimaPro 8.5.2.0 software tool, including an integrated method called ReCiPe. The research findings show that Szarvasi-1 produces 5.7–6.7 Euros (EUR) per Gigajoule (GJ) of energy, depending on the growing technology used. Szarvasi-1 generates an average energy profit of 101.4 GJ ha−1, which is half of that produced by maize (214.1 GJ ha−1). The environmental burden per energy unit of maize amounts to 16 kg of carbon dioxide eq GJ−1 compared with the environmental burden per energy unit of Szarvasi-1, which amounts to 7.2–15.6 kg of CO2 eq GJ−1, depending on the yield rate. On the basis of the above-mentioned yield rate of Szarvasi-1, it cannot be definitively recommended for the purpose of biogas plants in the Czech Republic.
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Solarek, Krystyna, and Marta Kubasińska. "Local Spatial Plans in Supporting Sustainable Water Resources Management: Case Study from Warsaw Agglomeration—Kampinos National Park Vicinity." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105766.
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The crisis resulting from progressive climate change is reflected in increasingly violent problems with periodic excesses and shortages of water. Integrated water management has thus become a necessity and it depends, inter alia, on the effectiveness of the adopted strategies, policies and individual investments. In many countries, including Poland, the implementation of this postulate is slow. The importance of local spatial plans, which are a tool that directly translates adopted policies into spatial development, is underestimated. The article presents studies of the provisions of planning documents with particular emphasis on the local spatial plans regulations in terms of considering the issue of water management. Some municipalities in the Warsaw agglomeration were selected for the detailed research, as the areas characterized by various water conditions. Local spatial plans adopted for this territory were compared to model planning acts from other regions of Europe. The conclusions include recommendations for local spatial plans and a method for assessing planning documents regarding the scope of the sustainable water management arrangements. The study results indicate that the principles of integrated water management have not been fully incorporated into the existing plans in Poland and that national and regional policies are poorly translated into real management planning.
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Fras, Zlatko, Borut Jug, Boštjan Jakše, Samo Kreft, Nina Mikec, Žiga Malek, Martina Bavec, Ana Vovk, Ana Frelih-Larsen, and Nataša Fidler Mis. "Slovenia’s Food-Based Dietary Guidelines 2024: Eating for Health and the Planet." Foods 13, no. 19 (September 24, 2024): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13193026.
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The dietary guidelines of Slovenia, ‘12 Steps to Healthy Eating’, were first published in 2000 and revised in 2011. The ‘Food Guide Pyramid’ was initially published in 2000 and subsequently revised in 2015. ‘The Healthy Plate’ was first introduced in 2007. In February 2023, the Slovenian Strategic Council for Nutrition proposed new Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) that integrate both health and environmental considerations. In September 2023, the creation of new FBDGs was included in the Action Plan for implementing the Resolution on the National Program on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Health 2015–2025. In October 2023, the Ministry of Health of Slovenia appointed the core working group of 10 multidisciplinary experts from fields such as nutrition, food science medicine, public health, environment, pharmacy, and agriculture led by Prof. Dr. Nataša Fidler Mis, who drafted the guidelines. In February 2024, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe organized a virtual international workshop to assist Slovenia in developing food-based dietary guidelines. In May 2024, an international expert meeting was organized by the Ministry of Health of Slovenia, the Ministry of the Environment, Climate, and Energy, and the National Institute of Public Health of Slovenia to present the first scientific draft of the SLO FBDG for external international peer review. The meeting included lectures from world-leading experts to present healthy diets from sustainable food systems, integrate climate and sustainability aspects into the new SLO FBDG, discuss the findings with the Slovenian core working group, extended working group of the SLO FBDG, and invited experts. The final version of SLO FBDG is expected to be released by the end of 2024.
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Madden, Sinéad M., Alan Ryan, and Patrick Walsh. "Exploratory Study on Modelling Agricultural Carbon Emissions in Ireland." Agriculture 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010034.
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In 2020 Ireland missed its EU climate emissions target and without additional measures will not be on the right trajectory towards decarbonisation in the longer 2030 and 2050 challenges. Agriculture remains the single most significant contributor to overall emissions in Ireland. In the absence of effective mitigating strategies, agricultural emissions have continued to rise. The purpose of the review is to explore current research conducted in Ireland regarding environmental modelling within agriculture to identify research gap areas for further research. 10 models were selected and reviewed regarding modelling carbon emissions from agriculture in Ireland, the GAINS (Air pollution Interactions and Synergies) model used for air pollutants, the JRC-EU-TIMES, (Joint Research Council-European Union-The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) and the Irish TIMES model used for energy, the integrated modelling project Ireland (GAINS & TIMES), the environmental, economic model ENV-Linkages and ENV-Growth along with the IE3 and AGRI-I models. The review found that data on greenhouse gas emissions for 2019 reveals that emissions can be efficiently lowered if the right initiatives are taken. More precise emission factors and adaptable inventories are urgently needed to improve national CO2 reporting and minimise the agricultural sector’s emissions profile in Ireland. The Climate Action Delivery Act is a centrally driven monitoring and reporting system for climate action delivery that will help in determining optimal decarbonisation from agriculture in Ireland. Multi-modelling approaches will give a better understanding of the technology pathways that will be required to meet decarbonisation ambitions.
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Bhaskar Mahanayak. "Meaning and concept of sustainable development for the protection of environment and the role of India." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 1460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.3.1856.
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Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept, first popularized by the 1987 Brundtland Report, addresses the overexploitation of resources and the mismanagement of technology. Sustainable development aims to balance current needs with future sustainability, focusing on several key aspects: climate change, biodiversity, hazardous waste disposal, pollution, and ecological security. The threats to sustainable development are diverse and complex. Climate change, driven by global warming, poses a significant risk, requiring integrated and sustainable management of natural resources. Malnutrition remains a persistent issue in many developing countries, threatening food and nutrition security. Income inequality, both within and among nations, has been rising, leading to social conflict. Unplanned urbanization, particularly in developing countries, demands significant investments in urban infrastructure. Environmental pollution from fossil fuels and inadequate energy access for millions of households also challenges sustainable development. Additionally, financial crises, high population growth, and urban slums exacerbate these issues, while biodiversity loss and environmental pollution further strain the planet's resources. Global challenges to sustainable development are influenced by changing demographic profiles, economic and social dynamics, technological advancements, and environmental deterioration. The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development highlighted the need for addressing interconnected challenges, including decent jobs, sustainable cities, food security, sustainable agriculture, water, oceans, and disaster readiness. Major unsustainable activities have led to significant ecological degradation. These include deforestation, depletion of water resources, increased floods and droughts, land degradation, and pollution. Effective sustainable development requires guiding principles such as intergenerational equity, conservation of biodiversity, sustainable income, precautionary policies, equitable resource use, and efficiency in resource utilization. Sustainable development measures focus on using appropriate technology, reducing, reusing, and recycling resources, environmental education, and utilizing resources within their carrying capacities. The Earth Summit in 1992 adopted Agenda 21, setting a global action program for sustainable development. The United Nations' Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of 2000 evolved into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2016, outlining 17 goals to be achieved by 2030. These goals include ending poverty and hunger, ensuring health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable energy, decent work, reduced inequality, sustainable cities, responsible consumption, climate action, conserving marine and terrestrial ecosystems, promoting peace and justice, and fostering global partnerships. India has a long tradition of environmental conservation rooted in its cultural heritage. Deities associated with animals have indirectly promoted wildlife conservation, while sacred groves and the worship of animals and plants reflect a deep-rooted environmental ethos. Modern initiatives, such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), address climate challenges through missions on solar energy, energy efficiency, sustainable habitat, water, Himalayan ecosystems, Green India, sustainable agriculture, and strategic knowledge on climate change. Programs like Swachh Bharat Mission, Green Skill Development Programme, Namami Gange Programme, and National River Conservation Programme further demonstrate India's commitment to environmental protection. India's achievements in sustainable development are noteworthy. The country has reduced poverty, improved maternal and child health, achieved near-universal primary school enrollment, increased female labor force participation, reduced child marriage, and improved access to drinking water and sanitation. Despite being the world's most populous country, India's blend of traditional conservation practices and modern sustainable development policies significantly contributes to global progress on SDGs. This holistic approach, integrating environmental, social, and economic challenges, is crucial for ensuring a sustainable future for all.
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Castillo, Oscar, Roberto Álvarez Fernández, and Mario Porru. "A Stochastic Approach to the Power Requirements of the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: The Case of Spain." Energies 17, no. 21 (October 25, 2024): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17215314.
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Battery electric vehicles represent a technological pathway for reducing carbon emissions in personal road transport. However, for the widespread adoption of this type of vehicle, the user experience should be similar to that of combustion engine vehicles. To achieve this objective, a robust and reliable public charging infrastructure is essential. In Spain, the electric recharging infrastructure is growing quickly in metropolitan areas but much more slowly on roads and highways. The upcoming charging stations must be located along high-volume traffic corridors and in proximity to the Trans-European Transport Network. The main contribution of this research is to offer a method for examining the essential electricity infrastructure investments required in scenarios involving substantial electric vehicle adoption. The methodology includes a sensitivity analysis of fleet composition and market share, recharging user behavior, charging station density, and vehicle efficiency improvements. To this end, the authors have developed a simplified probabilistic model, addressing the effect of the involved parameters through a comprehensive scenario analysis. The results show that the actual number of high-capacity charging plugs on Spanish roads is significantly lower than the European regulation requirements for the year 2030 considering an electric vehicle market share according to the Spanish Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan 2021–2030 objectives and it is far from the necessary infrastructure to cover the expected demand according to the traffic flow. Under these circumstances, the charging peak power demand reaches over 7.4% of the current Spanish total power demand for an electric vehicle fleet, which corresponds to only 12% of the total.
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Ploeg, Tineke Ruijgh-van der. "Manifestations of adaptive capacity: An institutional analysis of adaptation of a local stormwater drainage system." Climate Law 2, no. 2 (2011): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/cl-2011-034.
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Local institutions are important in shaping the outcome of adaptation to climate change. In the case of adaptation of local man-made systems, like a water drainage system, both the engineering system design and the institutional design need to be changed. What aspects of institutional design are relevant for the adaptive capacity of such systems? A well-documented case of adaptation in Dutch local water management was studied in order to reveal the manifestations of adaptation. A four-by-four matrix was used for institutional analysis to understand the interdependencies of institutions in the operation, design, financing, and building of water systems. In this case, four types of “institution” facilitated the adaptation of the water system: (1) new principles, norms, and values of local inhabitants with regard to water-system management, tax allocation, and land-use zoning; (2) the presence of stable, national laws that grant responsibility for adaptation of the physical system to local government; (3) adaptable, formal institutions that can be adjusted in response to local changes; and (4) a formalized master plan for implementation and a sufficient budget for steering the water board and stakeholders in their interactions. These lessons were drawn from a case of adaptation to changes in land use: the economy and demography of the area had changed the demand for stormwater drainage. Planned adaptation in response to other changes, like climate change, may benefit from a similar combination of institutions to integrate decisions on operation, design, financing, and building of public water works.
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De Paoli, Luigi. "The Italian draft National Energy-Climate Plan." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001007.
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Linares, Pedro. "The Spanish National Energy and Climate Plan." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001010.
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Thomas, Steve. "The UK National Energy and Climate Plan." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001011.
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Percebois, Jacques, and Boris Solier. "France's National Energy-Climate Plan: Critical presentation." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (June 2024): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2024-001003.
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France's National Energy-Climate Plan (PNEC), presented in October 2023, is structured around the Multiannual Energy Program (PPE) and the National Low-Carbon Strategy (SNBC). These documents describe France's energy and climate strategies for the next dec- ade, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050 and a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emis- sions by 2030 (-50% compared to 1990). The plan focuses on increasing the share of renew- able energies and nuclear power, while reducing fossil fuel consumption. By 2030, 58% of energy consumption should come from low-carbon sources. The plan recognizes that there are a number of unanswered questions, such as how to guarantee sufficient flexibility, and how to determine the necessary investment in electricity grids. In addition, electricity market reform and the fight against energy poverty are essential elements in ensuring a just transition, a particularly sensitive subject in France since the Yellow Vests crisis.
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Adriansyah Hidayat and Muhammad Yafiz. "Strategi Dinas Penanaman Modal Dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPTSP) Dalam Meningkatkan Investasi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara." Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance 1, no. 4 (October 7, 2023): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59841/jureksi.v1i4.460.
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Investment is a benchmark for whether a country can be said to have a good or low level of economic growth. The rate of investment affects the level of state welfare because investment encourages the state to create production to fulfill state affairs and the nation's welfare. Investment policy also has a positive role in reducing poverty and unemployment, because economic growth depends on high savings and investment. If savings and investment are low then the economic growth of society and the country will also be low. To achieve the goal of realizing the vision and mission or objectives of the One Stop Integrated Investment and Services Agency (DPMPTSP) itself, an appropriate promotional strategic work plan is needed to be considered by the regional government, so that investment in North Sumatra increases. Various activities have not had a significant impact in increasing investment, the increase in promotional activities carried out is not in line with the increase in investment value. The research technique used in this research can be a subjective expressive qualitative strategy, in the form of specific information in terms of words that match the characteristics subjective approach. Qualitative is collecting important and additional information through perception, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the North Sumatra Provincial Government has implemented an investment strategy, improved the quality and skills of the community through training, and carried out comprehensive investment promotion activities (such as holding seminars and investment forum meetings) at home and abroad. Accelerate infrastructure development and support regional investment development. Distribution of Capital Investment; Focus on Food, Infrastructure and Energy Development; Environmentally sound investment (green investment) Empowerment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives (UMKMK); Providing facilities, convenience and investment incentives; and Investment Promotion. A conducive and competitive investment climate.