Journal articles: 'National Institute of Health Research and Development'

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Kumar, Anil. "National Institute of Rural Health for India: Need of the Hour." Epidemiology International 05, no. 04 (November 20, 2020): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202026.

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India being predominantly a rural country, striving hard to provide quality healthcare services to more than 890 million people who lives there. The importance given to rural health care by Govt. of India is visible through the implementation of dedicated submission under NHM, i.e., NRHM. However, there are still several rural health challenges, i.e., specific needs, belief/ superstition, scarcity of human resources in rural areas, lack of quality research/ coordination and collaboration between various sectors. The possible solutions to these challenges lie in strengthening research in rural health epidemiology, agricultural health, enhancing use of Information Technology & Telemedicine, designing specific clinical services, field practices, applying the biostatistics & mathematical modelling in decision making and mentoring the human resources in specific need of rural health. This article is an attempt to elucidate various rural health challenges and need for development of National Institute of Rural Health in India, to address the challenges of rural health and conduct before mentioned activities as an apex body.

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Portnoy, Barry, Jennifer Miller, Kathryn Brown-Huamani, and Emily DeVoto. "Impact of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Program on stimulating National Institutes of Health–funded research, 1998 to 2001." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 23, no. 3 (June 19, 2007): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462307070511.

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Objectives:The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference (CDC) was instituted to provide evidence-based guidance on controversial medical issues to researchers, health practitioners, and the public; however, the degree of impact this activity has on stimulating relevant research is unclear. This study examines the impact of CDC statements on the initiation of related NIH-funded research projects.Methods:Six CDCs from 1998 to 2001 were examined. Research initiatives related to the Conferences' topics were collected through two discrete methods: (i) the overall number of relevant pre- and postconference research activities was compiled using NIH's Information for Management, Planning, Analysis, and Coordination II (IMPAC II) and the Department of Health and Human Services' (DHHS) Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) grant application and award databases; (ii) for each CDC, the sponsoring institute's conference coordinator and other identified Program Directors were queried for their knowledge of new conference-specific research initiatives sponsored by their institute. The main outcome measure was the total number of requests for applications, requests for proposals, program announcements, broad agency announcements, notices, and funded investigator-initiated research program grants (RO1s) for a given Consensus topic in the 3 years before (baseline measure) and following (measure of impact) a CDC.Results:As identified through NIH's IMPAC II and DHHS' CRISP grants and announcements databases, the total number of relevant postconference research initiatives increased for five of six CDCs when compared with baseline activity levels; research activities remained constant for the sixth. When inclusion criteria were restricted to institute-identified research initiatives, two of six CDC topics had overall increases in relevant research activity in the postconference period.Conclusions:CDCs appear to have a positive impact on the stimulation of related NIH-funded research initiatives. Future outcomes evaluations using prospective data collection methods and more robust participation by sponsoring and cosponsoring institutes should strengthen the reliability of the association between new research initiatives on a given topic and their causal relationship to a given CDC.

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Sarpatwari, Ameet, Dana Brown, and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "Development of a National Public Pharmaceutical Research and Development Institute." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 1 (2020): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520917023.

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Bingham, Raymond J. "Findings from the National Institute of Nursing Research Related to Neonatal Care: 2008 Update." Neonatal Network 28, no. 1 (January 2009): e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.28.1.e1.

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A new program designed to help nurses teach parents, family members, and child care providers about risks and protective practices for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is now available from the National Institutes of Health. The Continuing Education Program on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Risk Reduction was developed by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), in collaboration with national nursing and infant health organizations. (Represented by Jeanette Xaichkin, RNC, MSN, The Academy of Neonatal Nursing Participated in the process.)

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Nyamathi, Adeline, Deborah Koniak-Griffin, and Barbara Ann Greengold. "Development of Nursing Theory and Science in Vulnerable Populations Research." Annual Review of Nursing Research 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.25.1.3.

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Inequalities with respect to the distribution of societal resources can predispose people to vulnerability, which has led to a growing concern across America. The Federal Government has taken a leadership role and has launched several initiatives to combat health inequalities experienced by vulnerable populations. The National Institute of Health and all of its institutes, including the National Institute of Nursing Research, have written strategic plans to reduce, and ultimately, eliminate such health disparities. Nursing research has been conducted in the setting of vulnerable populations; several theoretical models for studying vulnerability have been created; and interventional studies designed to reduce health disparities have been implemented. This introduction includes the following: (a) a definition of the concept of vulnerability and health disparities; (b) a discussion of the conceptual models of vulnerability and health disparity and their applications; (c) a description of the impact of federal funding on vulnerable populations research; (d) a synopsis of the contributions made by nurse researchers in the field of vulnerable populations research; and (e) an overview of the volume.

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Hill, PhD, MPH, Carl V., Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, MD, Norman A. Anderson, PhD, and Marie A. Bernard, MD. "The National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Research Framework." Ethnicity & Disease 25, no. 3 (August 5, 2015): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.25.3.245.

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Objective: Development of a new framework for the National Institute on Aging (NIA) to assess progress and opportunities toward stimulating and supporting rigorous research to address health disparities.Design: Portfolio review of NIA’s health disparities research portfolio to evaluate NIA’s progress in addressing priority health disparities areas. Results: The NIA Health DisparitiesResearch Framework highlights important factors for health disparities research related to aging, provides an organizing structure for tracking progress, stimulates opportunities to better delineate causal pathways and broadens the scope for malleable targets for intervention, aiding in our efforts to address health disparities in the aging population. Conclusions: The promise of health disparitiesresearch depends largely on scientific rigor that builds on past findings and aggressively pursues new approaches. The NIA Health Disparities Framework provides a landscape for stimulating interdisciplinary approaches, evaluating research productivity and identifying opportunities for innovative health disparities research related to aging. Ethn Dis. 2015;25(3):245-254.

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Brown, Alison, Scarlet Shi, Samantha Adas, Josephine Boyington, Cotton Paul, Bill Jirles, Nishadi Rajapakse, et al. "A Decade of Nutrition and Health Disparities Research at NIH, 2010–2019." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab056_001.

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Abstract Objectives Nutrition health disparities include the differences in incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of diet-related diseases and conditions that disproportionally affect disadvantaged groups (e.g., race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability, rural, immigration status). These disparities arise from the complex interaction of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors within the biological, behavioral, and environmental domains. The purpose of this study is to describe the scope of nutrition health disparities research supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) over the past decade to identify research gaps and opportunities relevant to NIH's mission. Methods Data were extracted from an internal reporting system from 2010 to 2019 using the Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization (RCDC) spending categories for “Nutrition” and “Health Disparities.” Results Over the past decade, the number of NIH supported nutrition and health disparities research studies have generally increased, with 860 grants funded in 2010 and 937 grants in 2019, while total nutrition and health disparities funding remained relatively stable. The top 5 Institutes/Centers that funded nutrition and health disparities research included the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Cancer Institute, and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Conclusions Consistent with the mission of the top funding ICs, the top research areas were obesity, diabetes, digestive diseases, cancer, heart disease, clinical research, prevention, and behavioral and social sciences. Cross-cutting topics relevant to all NIH ICs included special populations areas such as pediatric and minority health followed by aging and women's health. Consistent with the Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research, it is critical to advance health equity through the application of precision nutrition approaches that acknowledge the influence of biologic, behavioral, psychosocial, environmental, and social factors on nutrition health disparities, and to develop effective targeted interventions to address these disparities. Funding Sources None.

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Wright, Linda L., and Donald McNellis. "National institute of child health and human development (NICHD)-sponsored perinatal research networks." Seminars in Perinatology 19, no. 2 (April 1995): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80031-x.

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Gross, Paul, Gavin T. Reed, Rachel Engelmann, and John R. W. Kestle. "Hydrocephalus research funding from the National Institutes of Health: a 10-year perspective." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 13, no. 2 (February 2014): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.11.peds13197.

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Object Funding of hydrocephalus research is important to the advancement of the field. The goal of this paper is to describe the funding of hydrocephalus research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) over a recent 10-year period. Methods The NIH online database RePORT (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools) was searched using the key word “hydrocephalus.” Studies were sorted by relevance to hydrocephalus. The authors analyzed funding by institute, grant type, and scientific approach over time. Results Over $54 million was awarded to 59 grantees for 66 unique hydrocephalus proposals from 48 institutions from 2002 to 2011. The largest sources of funding were the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Of the total, $22 million went to clinical trials, $15 million to basic science, and $10 million to joint ventures with small business (Small Business Innovation Research or Small Business Technology Transfer). Annual funding varied from $2.3 to $8.1 million and steadily increased in the second half of the observation period. The number of new grants also went from 15 in the first 5 years to 27 in the second 5 years. A large portion of the funding has been for clinical trials. Funding for shunt-device development grew substantially. Support for training of hydrocephalus investigators has been low. Conclusions Hydrocephalus research funding is low compared with that for other conditions of similar health care burden. In addition to NIH applications, researchers should pursue other funding sources. Small business collaborations appear to present an opportunity for appropriate projects.

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Suk, William A., Michelle L. Heacock, Brittany A. Trottier, Sara M. Amolegbe, Maureen D. Avakian, Danielle J. Carlin, Heather F. Henry, Adeline R. Lopez, and Lesley A. Skalla. "Benefits of basic research from the Superfund Research Program." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0104.

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AbstractThe National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program [Superfund Research Program (SRP)] funds transdisciplinary research projects spanning the biomedical and environmental sciences to address issues related to potentially hazardous substances. We used a case study approach to identify how SRP-funded basic biomedical research has had an impact on society. We examined how transdisciplinary research projects from the SRP have advanced knowledge and led to additional clinical, public health, policy, and economic benefits. SRP basic biomedical research findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and influenced a broad range of scientific disciplines. It has informed the development of policies and interventions to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants to improve public health. Research investments by the SRP have had a significant impact on science, health, and society. Documenting the benefits of these investments provides insight into how basic research is translated to real-world applications.

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Reshetnikova, I. D., G. Sh Isaeva, T. A. Savitskaya, L. T. Bajazitova, Yu A. Tyurin, E. V. Khaldeeva, E. V. Agafonova, and S. N. Kulikov. "Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology — the stages of a long journey." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 6 (December 14, 2020): 944–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-944.

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This article was prepared for the 120th anniversary of the Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The paper describes the main stages of the institutes development since its founding as the Kazan Bacteriological Institute at Kazan University in 1900. Until 2005, the institute belonged to the system of the Ministry of Health, and later, among 28 Federal State Institutions of Science, it entered the Rospotrebnadzor system. The information on priority research and the contribution of the institute to the achievements of domestic health care and the federal service for supervision in the field of consumer protection over the 120-year history of its activity are presented. The data on ongoing research and development, development prospects also are presented. The article was prepared using documents from the archives of Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Kazan Medical University and Kazan Federal University, the National Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, and the memoirs of employees of the Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.

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Weine, Stevan Merill, Scott Langenecker, and Aliriza Arenliu. "Global mental health and the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 64, no. 5 (May 22, 2018): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764018778704.

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Background: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project presents innovative ways of investigating mental illness based on behavioral and neurobiological measures of dimensional processes. Although cultural psychiatrists have critiqued RDoC’s implications and limitations for its under-developed focus on context and experience, RDoC presents opportunities for synergies with global mental health. It can capture aspects of clinical or sub-clinical behavior which are less dependent upon Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) and perhaps better elucidate the role of culture in disease expression and resilience. Aim/Results: This article uses the example of migration to describe several starting points for new research: (1) providing components for building an investigable conceptual framework to understand individual’s mental health, resilience and adjustment to migration challenges or social adversities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and (2) identifying measurable factors which determine resilience or vulnerability, to guide development and evaluation of targeted prevention, treatment and recovery strategies for mental health in LMICs. Conclusion: In such ways, RDoC frameworks could help put the new cutting edge neurobiological dimensional scientific advances in a position to contribute to addressing mental health problems amid social adversities in LMICs. However, this would require a much-expanded commitment by both RDoC and global mental health researchers to address contextual and experiential dimensions.

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Burns, Kristin M. "Paediatric heart failure research: role of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute." Cardiology in the Young 25, S2 (August 2015): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115000979.

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AbstractThe National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, of the National Institutes of Health, is committed to supporting research in paediatric heart failure. The Institute’s support of paediatric heart failure research includes both investigator-initiated grants and Institute initiatives. There were 107 funded grants in paediatric heart failure over the past 20 years in basic, translational and clinical research, technology development, and support of registries. Such research includes a broad diversity of scientific topics and approaches. The Institute also supports several initiatives for paediatric heart failure, including the Pediatric Circulatory Support Program, the Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN) Program, PediMACS, and the Pediatric Heart Network. This review article describes the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s past, present, and future efforts to promote a better understanding of paediatric heart failure, with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes.

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McGinley, Kathleen A., Richard W. Guldin, and Frederick W. Cubbage. "Forest Sector Research and Development Capacity." Journal of Forestry 117, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz030.

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Abstract Current trends in the nation’s forest-sector research capacity were analyzed in terms of funding and number of scientists, and compared with prior data in the National Research Council’s 2002 report, National Capacity in Forestry Research. The total number of professors at institutions with academic programs accredited by the Society of American Foresters, research scientists at the USDA Forest Service, and forest researchers in forest industry decreased approximately 12 percent since 2002. In 2016, there were an estimated 1,224 professors and 540 Forest Service research scientists, for a total of 1,764 scientists. Total estimated research funding in 2015 for universities, private sector, and USDA Forest Service, including appropriations from federal grant programs from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture, National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Department of Energy was US$598 million—a nominal increase over 2002, but a decrease when accounting for inflation. The proportion of reported scientists’ disciplines shifted notably from production subjects to broader ecosystem services and forest health subjects, as well as from more applied to more fundamental or basic research. The data indicated that the nation’s forest research capacity continues to erode, leading to declines in research development and innovation, and putting at increasing risk the future health and productivity of America’s forests.

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Onken, Lisa Simon, and Jack D. Blaine. "Behavioral Therapy Development and Psychological Science: Reinforcing the Bond." Psychological Science 8, no. 3 (May 1997): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00397.x.

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An abundance of research from diverse areas of psychological science is potentially relevant to behavioral therapy development research The National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop to reinforce the connection between basic behavioral and therapy development research The articles in this Special Section are the product of this workshop Several lines of basic behavioral research are described, and implications for the development of behavioral therapies are discussed This Special Section highlights the notion that strengthening the bond between behavioral therapy development research and basic behavioral science will accelerate the advancement of knowledge about behavior, behavioral change and therapeutic interventions

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Bernard, Marie. "Why Age and Aging Research Matters—for Early-Career Researchers." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 827–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3024.

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Abstract The National Institute on Aging (NIA) at the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, supports biomedical and behavioral research with a life-span focus. There is attention to understanding basic processes of aging, improving prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions common in later years, improving the health of older persons, as well as a focus on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The NIA also supports the training and career development of scientists focusing on aging research and the development of research resources. The symposium, meant for junior faculty and emerging scholars, will provide an update on the latest research findings from the NIA followed by a brief update on funding mechanisms. An opportunity is provided to meet and consult with NIA extramural staff.

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Nottelmann, Editha. "National Institute of Mental Health Research Roundtable on Prepubertal Bipolar Disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, no. 8 (August 2001): 871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200108000-00007.

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Ross, Lainie Friedman, and Catherine Walsh. "Minority Children in Pediatric Research." American Journal of Law & Medicine 29, no. 2-3 (2003): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800002860.

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Medical research is heavily funded: the National Institutes of Health had a budget of over $20 billion in 2001, and even more money was spent by the pharmaceutical industry on research. Children's health issues, however, receive only a small fraction of these funds. In 2001, for example, less than $1 billion of NIH funding was allocated to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). In part, the problem stems from a modern predisposition to protect children from participating in research.Several federal policies in the 1990s changed the face of the “typical research subject.” Historically, researchers sought “white men,” but the NIH announced in 1994 that all research would need to include women and minorities, and in 1998, the NIH added the requirement of including children. The shift in policies reflects a shift in focus. When the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research addressed fairness in subject selection in the Belmont Report of 1979, the main concern was ensuring fairness in the distribution of risks.

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Cashion, Ann K., and Patricia A. Grady. "The National Institutes of Health/National Institutes of Nursing Research intramural research program and the development of the National Institutes of Health Symptom Science Model." Nursing Outlook 63, no. 4 (July 2015): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2015.03.001.

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de la Fuente, José, Marinela Contreras, Paul Kasaija, Christian Gortazar, Jose Ruiz-Fons, Rafael Mateo, and Fredrick Kabi. "Towards a Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve Cattle Health and Production in Uganda." Vaccines 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040165.

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A meeting and course supported by the Vice-Presidency for International Affairs of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda (NARO) were held at the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Nakyesasa, Wakiso, Uganda on September 2–9, 2019. The activities were conducted within the collaboration program between the Institute of Game and Wildlife Research (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Spain) and NARO for the development of vaccines and other interventions for the control of cattle ticks in Uganda.

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The Swedish National Council for Su. "Support in Suicidal Crises: The Swedish National Program to Develop Suicide Prevention 1An English-language version of the full program may be ordered from the National Board of Health and Welfare, Customer Dept., S-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden, fax +46 8 663-9290, e-mail (Internet) kundtj@sos.se, tel. +46-8-783 30 03. Article No. 1996-00-84 or from The National Institute of Public Health�s distribution service, S-120 88 Stockholm, Sweden, fax +46 8 449-8811." Crisis 18, no. 2 (March 1997): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.18.2.65.

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The Swedish National Program to Develop Suicide Prevention was created through collaboration between the National Board of Health and Welfare, the National Institute of Public Health, and the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention. These institutions aim to provide joint support for the development of suicide prevention in Sweden by, for example, encouraging educational and development project. The program was signed for the National Council for Suicide Prevention by Agneta Dreber, Director-General, National Institute of Public Health; Danuta Wasserman, Professor of Psychiatry and Suicidology, Head, National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention; and Claes Örtendahl, Director-General, National Board of Health and Welfare. This article, edited by Jan Beskow, Professor of Psychiatry at the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, is an abridged version submitted to Crisis at the request of the Editors.

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Sharma, Tarang, Moni Choudhury, Juan Carlos Rejón-Parrilla, Pall Jonsson, and Sarah Garner. "Using HTA and guideline development as a tool for research priority setting the NICE way: reducing research waste by identifying the right research to fund." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e019777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019777.

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BackgroundThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) was established in 1999 and provides national guidance and advice to improve health and social care. Several steps in the research cycle have been identified that can support the reduction of waste that occurs in biomedical research. The first step in the process is ensuring appropriate research priority setting occurs so only the questions that are needed to fill existing gaps in the evidence are funded. This paper summarises the research priority setting processes at NICE.MethodsNICE uses its guidance production processes to identify and prioritise research questions through systematic reviews, economic analyses and stakeholder consultations and then highlights those priorities by engagement with the research community. NICE also highlights its methodological areas for research to ensure the appropriate development and growth of the evidence landscape.ResultsNICE has prioritised research questions through its guidance production and methodological work and has successfully had several research products funded through the National Institute for Health Research and Medical Research Council. This paper summarises those activities and results.ConclusionsThis activity of NICE therefore reduces research waste by ensuring that the research it recommends has been systematically prioritised through evidence reviews and stakeholder input.

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Phillips, Winfred M. "The Artificial Heart: History and Current Status." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 4B (November 1, 1993): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895539.

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Twenty-years ago groups from California to Massachusetts were actively involved in the development of an artificial heart. From biomaterials development to biomedical power sources, the supporting industry and spin-off benefit was broad indeed. Young people were seeking careers in biomedical engineering and science. The National Institutes of Health was supporting artificial heart research at $10 to $12 million dollar levels. Groups at Andros, Inc. (now Baxter Novacor) and Stanford, Thoratec, Penn State and the Hershey Medical Center, Cleveland Clinic and the Division of Artificial Organs, the University of Utah, the Texas Heart Institute and the Baylor College of Medicine, Thermal Electron Corporation, and many more were the source of research and breakthrough development of pumps and systems for artificial hearts. We reported on performance criteria for an artificial heart pump at the First Biomechanics Symposium in 1973 [1]. By the beginning of the decade of the 90’s, thousands of presentations had been made and manuscripts written reporting significant progress in the development of artificial heart pumps and systems. The Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health was supporting an artificial heart contract research and development program at a level of $6 million dollars in 1991 [2]. Broad basic research grant activity also continues. The National Institutes of Health’s artificial heart program received renewed support from the Institute of Medicine’s special review in 1991 [3]. In December of 1992, the 16th Annual Cardiovascular Science and Technology Conference attracted over 500 attendees. This annual conference has provided a continuing forum for an update on progress in artificial heart development.

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Tingen, Candace M., Donna Mazloomdoost, and Lisa M. Halvorson. "Gynecologic Health and Disease Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development." Obstetrics & Gynecology 132, no. 4 (October 2018): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000002877.

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Smith, David Anthony, Tingyan Wang, Oliver Freeman, Charles Crichton, Hizni Salih, Philippa Clare Matthews, Jim Davies, et al. "National Institute for Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative: development of a pipeline to collate electronic clinical data for viral hepatitis research." BMJ Health & Care Informatics 27, no. 3 (November 2020): e100145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2020-100145.

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ObjectiveThe National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Informatics Collaborative (HIC) is a programme of infrastructure development across NIHR Biomedical Research Centres. The aim of the NIHR HIC is to improve the quality and availability of routinely collected data for collaborative, cross-centre research. This is demonstrated through research collaborations in selected therapeutic areas, one of which is viral hepatitis.DesignThe collaboration in viral hepatitis identified a rich set of datapoints, including information on clinical assessment, antiviral treatment, laboratory test results and health outcomes. Clinical data from different centres were standardised and combined to produce a research-ready dataset; this was used to generate insights regarding disease prevalence and treatment response.ResultsA comprehensive database has been developed for potential viral hepatitis research interests, with a corresponding data dictionary for researchers across the centres. An initial cohort of 960 patients with chronic hepatitis B infections and 1404 patients with chronic hepatitis C infections has been collected.ConclusionFor the first time, large prospective cohorts are being formed within National Health Service (NHS) secondary care services that will allow research questions to be rapidly addressed using real-world data. Interactions with industry partners will help to shape future research and will inform patient-stratified clinical practice. An emphasis on NHS-wide systems interoperability, and the increased utilisation of structured data solutions for electronic patient records, is improving access to data for research, service improvement and the reduction of clinical data gaps.

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Bernard, Marie A. "STRENGTH IN AGE: HARNESSING THE POWER OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING FOR EARLY-CAREER SCIENTISTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S405—S406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1506.

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Abstract The National Institute on Aging (NIA) at the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, supports biomedical and behavioral research with a life-span focus. There is attention to understanding basic processes of aging, improving prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions common in later years, improving the health of older persons, as well as a focus on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The NIA also supports the training and career development of scientists focusing on aging research and the development of research resources. The symposium, meant for junior faculty and emerging scholars, will provide an update on the latest research findings from the NIA followed by a brief update on funding mechanisms. An opportunity is provided to meet and consult with NIA extramural staff.

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Alexander, Duane. "The Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit Network of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development." Drug Information Journal 33, no. 2 (April 1999): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286159903300209.

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LORIAUX, D. LYNN. "History of Intramural Clinical Research at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1038, no. 1 (December 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1315.007.

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Xu, By Li, and Bin Zhao. "Global environmental health: an interview with Sally Perreault Darney." National Science Review 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww095.

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Abstract Pollution-induced health problems are of concern across the world. In China, the recent and rapid surge of economic development has been associated with public health problems as well as environmental degradation. We recently spoke with Sally Perreault Darney, Ph.D., the Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP), the foremost journal about environmental health. Published by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), a part of the US National Institutes of Health, this fully open-access journal publishes peer-reviewed research and commentary, as well news and opinion across the many disciplines that contribute to the field of environmental health, including toxicology, epidemiology, risk assessment and exposure science. We wanted to learn her perspectives on the role that research plays in defining and solving environmental health problems in today's world. Dr. Darney holds a Ph.D. in Biomedical Science and enjoyed a productive research career in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Office of Research and Development, before joining NIEHS in 2015.

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Criste, Ionel Virgil. "IMPLEMENTING AN INNOVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY - ECOIND." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2020.106.

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The paper presents the activities performed for the implementation of the innovation management system integrated into the existing quality, environmental, and occupational health and safety management system of the ECOIND institute. The basic terms used in the project are defined and the international and Romanian standards are explained. The results obtained consist in identifying, introducing and describing the processes related to innovation and establishing the interaction of these processes with the other processes of the management system, establishing the policy and objectives related to innovation, reviewing the system procedures and the quality, environmental and occupational health, and safety management manual to include the innovation processes and elaborating the occupational procedures to keep these processes under control. The paper shows the main benefits of the innovation management system and the impact of this system for NRDI ECOIND in several aspects: technical, technological, economic, social, and environmental.

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Singh, Bhagirath. "Innovation and Challenges in Funding Rapid Research Responses to Emerging Infectious Diseases: Lessons Learned from the Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 15, no. 3 (2004): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/925872.

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Although the local public health response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Canada was critical to the diagnosis, management and treatment of patients, such a rapid research response required a national effort to engage the research and stakeholder communities. The Canadian research effort, coordinated through the Institute of Infection and Immunity of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, has provided insight into the mechanisms required to ensure the rapid development of strategical initiatives in response to emerging infectious diseases. It has also provided a rational basis to set up a national network to be engaged if needed in the future.

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Twombly, Dennis A., Sarah L. Glavin, Jennifer Guimond, Susan Taymans, Catherine Y. Spong, and Diana W. Bianchi. "Association of National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Career Development Awards With Subsequent Research Project Grant Funding." JAMA Pediatrics 172, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.4305.

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Renton, Tara. "Research: so what's new?" Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 10 (November 1, 2009): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363509x477248.

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With the recent development of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), conventional research and design (R&D) monies have been centralised. Historically funds were allocated to trusts, with little accountability as to the direct influence on research activity. Nearly £1 billion has been set aside for NHS clinical-based research so the opportunities for clinicians to get involved in research are now considerable.

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Dixon, Elizabeth L., Aaron J. Strehlow, Claudia M. Davis, Darcy Copeland, Tonia Jones, Linda A. Robinson, Jan Shoultz, and Jacquelyn H. Flaskerud. "Generating Science by Training Future Scholars in Nursing Research Addressing the Needs of Vulnerable Populations." Annual Review of Nursing Research 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 161–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.25.1.161.

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This chapter focuses on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) T32 National Research Service Award (NRSA) funding mechanism, designed to enhance the development of nurse scientists. The general history and principles underlying NIH funding for T32s as well as the National Institute of Nursing Research’s (NINR) involvement in the NRSA program is described, highlighting the University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing’s T32 training program in vulnerable populations research and the program and career trajectory data from close to two-thirds of NINR-funded T32s directors. Recommendations for the improvement of NINR-funded T32 training programs are identified. Findings include the need for increased collaboration between institutions receiving T32 funding from the NINR.

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Bisby, Mark. "Models and Mechanisms for Building and Funding Partnerships." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 22, no. 9 (September 2001): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501958.

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AbstractThe Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) recently replaced two former federal agencies, the Medical Research Council and the National Health Research and Development Program. CIHR has attracted widespread international attention as a grand experimental model that emphasizes excellence, interdisciplinarity, networking, partnership, and a collective process for priority setting, alongside continuing support for the best ideas of the most talented investigators. CIHR identified four cross-cutting health research themes (biomedical research; clinical research; health service; systems research; and research into the societal, cultural, and environmental determinants of health) across its 13 virtual institutes. Each institute is required to bring together investigators working in specific aspects of health research, as they relate to the mandate of the institute, in order to stimulate novel interdisciplinary research approaches. The challenge to Canadian members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and their collaborators from other countries is to engage in partnership with CIHR, so that together we can ensure unparalleled quality, safety, and efficacy of healthcare systems in Canada and around the world.

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Zerwic, Julie Johnson, JoEllen Wilbur, and Janet Larson. "The Center for Research on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health: the development of a national institute of nursing research–funded center." Heart & Lung 33, no. 2 (March 2004): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2003.12.001.

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Pancrazio, Joseph J. "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke support for brain-machine interface technology." Neurosurgical Focus 27, no. 1 (July 2009): E14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.focus0989.

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Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) offer the promise of restoring communication, enabling control of assistive devices, and allowing volitional control of extremities in paralyzed individuals. Working in multidisciplinary teams, neurosurgeons can play an invaluable role in the design, development, and demonstration of novel BMI technology. At the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has a long history of supporting neural engineering and prosthetics efforts including BMI, and these research opportunities continue today. The author provides a brief overview of the opportunities and programs currently available to support BMI projects.

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Bingham, Raymond J. "Recent Findings from the National Institute of Nursing Research Related to Neonatal Care." Neonatal Network 24, no. 1 (January 2005): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.24.1.65.

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WORKING WITH PRETERM OR SICK INFANTS IN AN intensive care setting involves interdisciplinary teamwork and nursing professionalism. The growing importance of genetic testing in health care is generating concerns that can affect the lives of patients well beyond the period of infancy. New information on antenatal care can help those involved in the care of pregnant women to anticipate potential problems and improve pregnancy outcomes. Ongoing research is continuing to deepen our understanding of preterm infants, helping neonatal nurses to improve care procedures, work with parents and families, and address concerns of infant development.

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Turner, Sheila, Judith Lathlean, Fay Chinnery, Rebecca Moran, Eleanor Guegan, and Jeremy Wyatt. "PP068 Stakeholder Views On Peer Review Of National Institute for Health Research Grant Applications." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317002434.

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INTRODUCTION:It takes on average 17 years to translate a promising laboratory development into better patient treatments or services. About 10 years of this innovation process lies within the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) research pathway. Innovations developed through research have both national and global impact, so selecting the most promising studies to fund is crucial. Peer review of applications is part of the NIHR research funding process, but requires considerable resources. The NIHR is committed to improving efficiency and proportionality of this process. This study is part of a wider piece of work being undertaken by NIHR (1) to reduce the complexity of the funding pathway and thus make a real difference to patients lives.METHODS:This study elicited the views of various stakeholders concerning current and possible future methods for peer review of applications for research funding. Stakeholder groups included: members of boards with responsibility for making funding decisions; applicants (both successful and unsuccessful); peer reviewers and NIHR staff. Qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders selected from each group, and results were analyzed and integrated using a thematic template analytical method. The results were used to inform a larger online opinion survey which will be reported separately.RESULTS:The views and insights of thirty stakeholders across the four groups about the peer review process of applications for funding will be presented. Findings generalizable to other funding programs outside the NIHR will be emphasized. The key themes which emerged included: strengths and weaknesses of applications, feedback, targeting and acknowledgement of peer reviewers.CONCLUSIONS:The results of our study of peer review processes carried out by one national research funder has relevance for other funding organizations, both within our country and internationally.

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Margolis, Ronald N., Ronald M. Evans, and Bert W. O’Malley. "The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas: Development of a Functional Atlas of Nuclear Receptors." Molecular Endocrinology 19, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2004-0461.

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Abstract The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) was developed by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); the aim of NURSA is to utilize classical approaches to validate existing hypotheses and exploit new and emerging technologies to formulate and test new hypotheses that might elucidate the program of nuclear receptor (NR) structure, function, and role in disease. The means for carrying out this ambitious program required development of interactions among investigators and the combined application of new high-throughput technologies and existing approaches to allow for both mechanistic studies and accrual of large datasets in a discovery-based research effort, all leading to advances with implications for the missions of the NIDDK, NIA, and NCI. A team-based multidisciplinary approach has allowed for both objectives to proceed simultaneously, tied together via a central bioinformatics resource and one web-accessible venue (www.nursa.org). The ultimate goals for the NURSA consortium are to: 1) establish the mechanistic principles of NR function, 2) characterize NR-coregulator complex formation and regulation, 3) map protein-protein interactions for coregulators, 4) identify candidate downstream target genes of NR action, 5) identify target tissue expression of NRs, 6) understand the regulation of NR expression and, 7) integrate existing and emerging information through NURSA bioinformatics tools.

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Whitburn, Jessica, Surjeet Singh, and Prasanna Sooriakumaran. "Setting up clinical research studies in the National Health Service in England." Journal of Clinical Urology 10, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415816657764.

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Starting and conducting clinical trials in England can be a complicated and time-consuming process. Before your study can begin it is necessary to gain approval from the appropriate regulatory bodies. Prior to March 2016, studies required National Health Service (NHS) permission (also referred to as Research and Development (R&D) approval) obtained via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Coordinated System for gaining NHS Permission (CSP). Since March 2016, a new streamlined system has been introduced with the aim of making it easier to gain regulatory approvals. Now studies must go through the process of Health Research Authority (HRA) approval. In this article we review the process of gaining HRA approval in England. The article is aimed at junior researchers to help them understand the application process, and to give tips on how to succeed in gaining approval.

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Chandra, A., R. Kaushik, R. Hariprasad, R. R. Ved, and R. Mehrotra. "Development of Operational Framework for Management of Common Cancers in India." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 236s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.94800.

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Background and context: Cancers of the breast, uterine cervix, and oral cavity are the 3 most common malignancies in India. Overall, they comprise around one third of >1 million cases diagnosed with cancer in India each year. An effective operational framework (OF) for early detection and screening programs should play a key role in reducing and managing the cancer burden in India. Aim: i. To provide guidelines to the clinicians, and public health practitioners for screening and early detection of breast, uterine cervix, and lip or oral cavity cancers in India. ii. To build guide/roadmap for policymakers involved in developing and implementing strategies for cancer control in India. Strategy/Tactics: In collaboration with the Center for Global Health at the U.S. National Cancer Institute, 25 scientific experts comprising researchers, public health leaders, medical and dental professionals from France, India, United States, and Zambia met at Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, to summarize the feasible options and relevant evidence for screening and early detection of common cancers in India. They came out with the operational framework Program/Policy process: Recognizing the key role that effective early detection and screening programs could have in reducing the cancer burden, the ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, in collaboration with the U.S. National Cancer Institute Center for Global Health, held a workshop to summarize feasible options and relevant evidence for screening and early detection of common cancers in India. Outcomes: a. A publication in Lancet: Rajaraman P, Anderson BO, Basu P, et al: Recommendations for screening and early detection of common cancers in India. Lancet Oncol 16(7):e352-e361, 2015. b. State and PHC level trainings on operational framework started in each state for the primary health care providers. What was learned: The OF acts as a guide for policymakers, clinicians, and public health practitioners who are developing and implementing strategies in cancer control. Common and consistent OF will go a long way to chart out the intensity of the problem and to rectify it.

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Harris, Jennifer R., Per Magnus, and Kristian Tambs. "The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Program of Research: An Update." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.6.858.

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AbstractThe population-based twin program of research at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) was begun in 1992. It consists of a number of questionnaire and clinical interview projects exploring a broad array of mental and physical health outcomes. This article provides a brief update summarizing our research activities, some research highlights, new developments and potentials for further developing the program of twin research. In the most recent years a large effort has concentrated on completing a mental health interview study of Axis I psychiatric and substance use disorders and Axis II personality disorders. Although still in the early planning phases, one of the most significant developments is that an agreement is now in place to centralize the Norwegian twin data into a national Norwegian Twin Registry. This new registry will include twin cohorts born from 1905 onwards. Other resources for building twin projects are described. Nationally, there is great potential for linking the NIPH twin data with other health registries and with information in a number of Norway's large population-based biobank studies. Internationally, platforms such as those developed within GenomEUtwin, for data standards and data sharing and access are greatly facilitating international collaborations in twin research.

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Draganic, Daren M., Stanley V. Catts, and Vaughan J. Carr. "Neuroscience Institute of Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders (NISAD): 10 Years of Australia's First Virtual Research Institute." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601057783.

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Objective: To review the first 10 years of operation of the Neuroscience Institute of Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders (NISAD), Australia's first virtual research institute. Method: Narrative description of the evolution of NISAD. Results: Since inception in 1996, NISAD has developed a wide range of activities to enhance existing efforts and develop new initiatives in schizophrenia research, initially throughout New South Wales, but increasingly on a national scale. This involved the initial development of critical research infrastructure to provide the foundation, with the subsequent focus on developing a multidisciplinary programme of schizophrenia research, across the basic to applied research spectrum. While the primary focus has been the scientific domain, NISAD has also played a leading role in increasing public awareness of schizophrenia as a disease amenable to scientific investigation. Conclusion: NISAD has succeeded in building a framework to apply the latest developments in neuroscience to the study of schizophrenia and has formed a multidisciplinary network of clinicians and neuroscientists who are actively collaborating on a range of research initiatives. The ‘virtual institute’ structure of NISAD has proven cost-efficient and consistent with innovative thinking about research resource management.

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Hill, Carl V., and Cerise Elliott. "FTS-02-01: Health disparities research with the national institute on aging (NIA)." Alzheimer's & Dementia 11, no. 7S_Part_3 (July 2015): P169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.120.

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Rivas, Ronald, and Pedro Galván. "PP159 Telemedicine In Paraguay: Contributions Of The Institute Of Health Sciences Research, National University Of Asunción." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (December 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320001324.

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IntroductionThe modalities of telemedicine that have been developed and applied so far by the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging at the National University of Asunción (IICS-UNA) are as follows: (i) telediagnosis: the remote sending of data, signals, and images for diagnostic purposes; (ii) general telediagnostic imaging; (iii) telemonitoring (including telemetry): remote monitoring of vital parameters to provide automatic or semi-automatic surveillance or alarm services in emergencies, epidemiology, or tele-public health; and (iv) tele-education: the use of telematic networks to provide virtual platforms for educating and training health professionals.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive review of the scientific works developed by the IICS-UNA in order to evaluate the systematic implementation of Telemedicine in Paraguay. Documents, pilot projects (satellite telegraphy), telediagnostic research, telematics, tele-education, published articles, and statistical data (number of patients attending or studies performed, etcetera) relating to the implementation of the National Telemedicine System by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare since 1999 were reviewed.ResultsImplementation of the telemedicine system has meant that 472,038 patients have attended referral centers nationwide, with 297,999 electrocardiographs, 165,323 computed tomography scans, and 8,697 electroencephalograms being conducted. Projects developed within the framework of the Telemedicine Research Line have included the following: (i)Development and validation of a clinical telemicroscopy system based on cellular telephony;(ii)Implementation of a telemetry system for temperature monitoring of the collection of biological samples from a biomedical research center; and(iii)Production and development of a virtual campus at the National University of Asunción.ConclusionsGiven the current healthcare environment, developing a line of research based on telemedicine is a proactive step, since telemedicine provides an alternative solution to the problem of access to the health system. That is why the IICS-UNA Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Department has developed telemedicine as one of its main lines of research.

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Vahidy, Farhaan S., Cemal B. Sozener, Jennifer R. Meeks, Pratik Y. Chhatbar, Ciro Ramos-Estebanez, Maranatha Ayodele, Rebekah J. Richards, et al. "National Institutes of Health StrokeNet Training Core." Stroke 51, no. 1 (January 2020): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.119.027946.

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Background and Purpose— The National Institutes of Health (NIH) StrokeNet provides a nationwide infrastructure to advance stroke research. Capitalizing on this unique opportunity, the NIH StrokeNet Training Core (NSTC) was established with the overarching goal of enhancing the professional development of a diverse spectrum of professionals who are embedded in the stroke clinical trials network of the NIH StrokeNet. Methods— This special report provides a descriptive account of the rationale, organization, and activities of the NSTC since its inception in 2013. Current processes and their evolution over time for facilitating training of NIH StrokeNet trainees have been highlighted. Data collected for monitoring training are summarized. Outcomes data (publications and grants) collected by NSTC was supplemented by publicly available resources. Results— The NSTC comprises of cross-network faculty, trainees, and education coordinators. It helps in the development and monitoring of training programs and organizes educational and career development activities. Trainees are provided directed guidance towards their mandated research projects, including opportunities to present at the International Stroke Conference. The committee has focused on developing sustainable models of peer-to-peer interaction and cross-institutional mentorships. A total of 124 professionals (43.7% female, 10.5% underrepresented minorities) have completed training between 2013 and 2018, of whom 55% were clinical vascular neurologists. Of the total, 85% transitioned to a formal academic position and 95% were involved in stroke research post-training. Altogether, 1659 indexed publications have been authored or co-authored by NIH StrokeNet Trainees, of which 58% were published during or after their training years. Based on data from 109 trainees, 33% had submitted 72 grant proposals as principal or co-principal investigators of which 22.2% proposals have been funded. Conclusions— NSTC has provided a foundation to foster nationwide training in stroke research. Our data demonstrate strong contribution of trainees towards academic scholarship. Continued innovation in educational methodologies is required to adapt to unique training opportunities such as the NIH StrokeNet.

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Löe, H. "Forty Years of Progress." Advances in Dental Research 3, no. 1 (May 1989): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374890030010201.

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The celebration of the 40th anniversary of the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) provides an opportunity for reviewing the growth of dental research over the decades. The Institute owes its origin to public and professional concern over the dental health of Americans and the prospect that a Federal investment in dental research could pay off. The early years of the Institute were devoted to studies of fluoride and dental caries, with notable achievements in clinical trials of water fluoridation and caries microbiology. During the 1960s came the discovery that the periodontal diseases, like dental caries, were bacterial infections that could be prevented. Basic and clinical research expanded, and the research manpower pool grew with the addition of microbiologists, immunologists, salivary gland investigators, and other basic biomedical and behavioral scientists. The Institute created special broad-based Dental Research Institutes and Centers to foster interdisciplinary research, and continued to expand its research base. A national survey undertaken by NIDR in the late 1970s showed major declines in caries prevalence in schoolchildren. Recent NIDR surveys of adults and older Americans as well as a second children's survey have demonstrated overall improvements in oral health and a continued decline in childhood caries. There remain serious oral health problems among older Americans and among individuals and groups susceptible to disease. NIDR will focus on these high-risk individuals in future research aimed at eliminating edentulousness. At the same time, the Institute will continue the cell and molecular biology studies in the area of development, oncology, bone research, and other basic and clinical fields that mark the emergence of dental research as a major force and contributor to biomedical advances today.

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Parer, Julian T. "Electronic Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Research Guidelines for Interpretation: The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Research Planning Workshop." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 26, no. 6 (November 1997): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1997.tb02737.x.

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Bernard, Marie, and Sunil Iyengar. "Building the Science: Current Studies on the Impact of Arts Engagement on the Health of Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2210.

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Abstract Nearly a decade ago, a federal interagency task force on the arts and human development was launched as the result of a research summit held by the National Endowment for the Arts and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to investigate the arts’ relationships to health and well-being across the lifespan. Soon afterward, the National Institute on Aging partnered with the Arts Endowment and the National Academy of Sciences to identify research recommendations to benefit healthy aging and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in older-adult populations. While this session will revisit some of those findings, it also will share more recent advances in biomedical and behavioral research being conducted by a growing network of “Sound Health” researchers at the nexus of neuroscience, music, and health==with direct implications for the future of research on the arts and aging.

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Journal articles on the topic 'National Institute of Health Research and Development'

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