Relevant bibliographies by topics / National Football League – Economic aspects

Academic literature on the topic 'National Football League – Economic aspects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "National Football League – Economic aspects"

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Maxcy, Joel, and Michael Mondello. "The Impact of Free Agency on Competitive Balance in North American Professional Team Sports Leagues." Journal of Sport Management 20, no. 3 (July 2006): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.3.345.

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Free agency was reintroduced to professional team sport leagues in the 1970s. Sport enthusiasts expressed concern that competitive balance would diminish as star players congregated to large market cities. However, the economic invariance principle rejects this notion, indicating that balance should remain unchanged. This article empirically examines the effects of changes in free agent rules on competitive balance over time in the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), and National Hockey League (NHL). Regression analysis using within-season and between-season measures of competitive balance as dependent variables provides mixed results. The NFL and NHL provide evidence that an aspect of competitive balance has improved, but results from the NBA indicate that balance has worsened since the introduction of free agency. We conclude that the ambiguous results suggest that the effects are not independent, but instead depend on the interaction of free agent rights with other labor market and league rules.
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Lončar, Jelena, and Ema Špehar. "Globalization of Sports on the Example Of The Five Most Popular European Football Leagues with an Emphasis on Premiership - Geographical Overview." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 6, no. 3(16) (July 27, 2021): 611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2021.6.3.611.

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Globalization has had and still has a comprehensive effect on all aspects of human life, including the part related to sports and recreation. Through the spread of information and communication technologies, especially new channels of information dissemination (such as social networks), but also the process of internationalization, liberalization, and modernization - it has enabled the availability of sports competitions, and the general presence of sports in all parts of the world. This is especially true of football as one of the most popular sports. This paper will try to provide a geographical and global framework for football change based on specific economic and financial data related to sponsors, branding, etc., through a case study of the English Premiership (also known as Premier League) compared to other football leagues in Europe (German Bundesliga, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A and French Ligue 1, the so-called Big Five). The paper presents three hypotheses to which the research of available literature and statistical data will try to answer. Through all the above mentioned, the research aims to determine whether and to what extent football has become a global sport by going beyond national frameworks and to what extent it has transformed itself in these modern and global frameworks.
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Şahin, Mehmet. "The Influence of Globalization on Turkish Sports." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 4 (March 6, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i4.2995.

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This paper addresses the phenomenon of globalization, which has also spread to sports, in terms of its economic, social and cultural aspects; while discussing the concept based on examples from the discipline of football in the premier league of Turkey. In this framework, sports labor emigration mobility is handled, and sponsorship and the effects of globalization in Turkey’s sport is examined in terms of relationships between media and sports. The paper also provides concrete examples from the national and international sports circles by framing the fields where globalization becomes apparent in sports. In this framework, this article addresses the sport labor migration, and studies the effect of globalization in Turkish sports within the relations among sponsorship, media and sports.
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Khimenes, Kh, Yu Briskin, M. Pityn, I. Hluhov, and K. Drobot. "Monopoly and Rivalry in American Football in History and Nowadays." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (October 24, 2020): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.364.

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Professional sports leagues today are trying to increase their income and looking for new sources for this. In the United States, most leagues in one sport are monopoly structures. Considering the National Football League in this context, it is worth noting its rather strict policy towards possible competitors at the football market. At the same time, throughout the history of American football, there have been attempts to organize competing structures that have been more or less successful. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation American football organizations in North America at different times, the factors of successes and failures. Material and methods. The main material on which the study was based was data from the Internet, official websites of American football organizations and official ratings of Forbes magazine. To achieve the stated purpose, we used the following research methods: data analysis and generalization; theoretical interpretation and explanation; analysis of documentary materials. Results and discussion. The study results showed that during the formation and development of American football in the United States, except for the National Football League, six other organizations tried to create competition for it at one time or another. Among them were All-American Football Conference, American Football League, World Football League, United State Football League, Xtreme Football League, and Alliance of American Football. All these organizations generally sought to be better than National Football League through more progressive steps towards the development of football, but the conservatism of the National Football League always allowed it to remain the winner. Most of the newly formed leagues could not withstand the uncompromising financial struggle for high-class athletes, but the XFL and AAF, which was created in the 21st century, were defeated by precautionary measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and the game seasons were canceled. Conclusion. The key factors formation of organizations that sought to develop American football in the United States (except the National Football League) were: the growing popularity of this sport; a large number of athletes, who aspired to develop in this sport, but could not do it in National Football League; the emergence of enthusiasts with significant financial resources, who sought to invest in football projects and at the same time increase their own resources; technological progress, in particular in football. However, none of these organizations stayed long in the football business and lost to the National Football League. The reasons for this were: improper distribution of financial resources in the middle of the leagues; unjustified steps in the desire to be more progressive than the National Football League; the dominant authority of the National Football League; external factors (wars, epidemics / pandemics, global economic and political crises, etc.)
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Lazorenko, S. A., and V. I. Goncharenko. "Alternative views on historical aspects of the modern football formation." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 1(145) (January 19, 2022): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.1(145).17.

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Football is a game of millions. People hold their breath, quit their unfinished business, and become confined to TV screens for two hours to cheer for their favorite team in the national championship or for their country’s national team. The schedule of matches of the World Cup, Europe, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, national championships and Cups fans with experience know better than “Our Father”. In the modern era of sports and competitive activities development, in terms of its popularity at all levels, football is second only to athletics and ranks first among team sports. Footballers of national teams are heroes in their homeland, their photos are always on the front pages of sports publications, they are the object of “hunting” of sports journalists, who in the pursuit of sensations even invade the personal space of players. Football is a game that, according to modern encyclopedic publications, first appeared in Foggy Albion, and most experts in the history of physical culture and sports agree. But recently, the struggle for the right to be considered the ancestor of the popular game has intensified among scientists around the world, who find historical facts that football had been played in their country long before the birth date of “His Majesty” was declared by the British. The British also consider themselves the first in the process of making rubber balls for playing football, not to mention that three thousand years before them, the natives of Central America made rubber balls for the national game of pok-ta-pok and ulama. Therefore, the authors team, in this article, decided to systematize modern historical information and review aspects of the formation of football.
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Moura, Bruno Melo, and André Luiz Maranhão de Souza-Leão. "Consumption attachments of Brazilian fans of the National Football League." Innovation & Management Review 17, no. 3 (April 30, 2020): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/inmr-02-2019-0015.

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Purpose The National Football League (NFL), the most lucrative sports league in the world, has its second largest foreign audience in Brazil. Its Brazilian broadcasts stimulate the audience to extrapolate television reception and interact through a social media platform, seeking to integrate a collective consumption. Thus, attachments are established between consumers and league. Based on this, this study aims to analyze how the interaction in social media of the Brazilian NFL audience, during the transmissions of its games, results in consumption attachments. Design/methodology/approach The method undertaken was Netnography, commonly used to investigate cultural practices occurring in online environments. The research corpus consisted of messages posted on Twitterhashtags created by the ESPN Brazil channels to reverberate its broadcasts of the league between 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. Findings The findings of this study indicate that Brazilian audience interaction in social media establishes consumer attachment with the NFL by means of the brand elements and aspects of social life, mediated by the league. Research limitations/implications The research observed only the part of the Brazilian audience of the NFL that engages in the broadcasts of the games through social media. Practical implications The research of this study demonstrates how brands can use social media to enable social interactions that create or improve consumer attachments with them. Originality/value The study presents how a media brand imbricated in the American culture has been the target of attachment by Brazilian fans through social media interactions.
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Brown, Judah, and Brandon J. Sheridan. "The Impact of National Anthem Protests on National Football League Television Ratings." Journal of Sports Economics 21, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002520944452.

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The National Football League’s (NFL) television ratings decreased by approximately 8% during the 2016 season, then a further 10% the following season. These declines coincided with league-wide national anthem protests initiated by Colin Kaepernick at the beginning of the 2016 season. Existing research identifies many determinants of demand for sporting events, but athletes’ protests are seldom considered. We use detailed data on players’ protests and television ratings to construct a new, game-level panel for the four NFL seasons between 2014 and 2017. Our results show protests are statistically significantly associated with lower TV ratings, but the economic magnitude is relatively muted.
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DAVIS, MICHAEL C., and CHRISTIAN M. END. "A WINNING PROPOSITION: THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SUCCESSFUL NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE FRANCHISES." Economic Inquiry 48, no. 1 (January 2010): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00124.x.

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Niven, David. "The Effect of Economic Vulnerability on Protest Participation in the National Football League." Social Science Quarterly 100, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12630.

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DeLamielleure, Joe. "Concussion in the National Football League: Viewpoint of an Elite Player." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 2 (2014): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12127.

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Concussive injuries to the head and brain are relatively common in the National Football League (NFL). This is not news, since the issue has been covered in many articles in the popular press and many news specials on television. As an NFL offensive lineman for 13 years, I suffered a huge number of hits to the head — an estimated 215,000 at least. Nevertheless, I have fared better than many of the players of my era: many suffered from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). For example, some of my fellow Hall of Fame players from that era, Mike Webster, Jim Ringo, John Mackey, and Joe Perry, all suffered from CTE and all are now deceased. I count myself lucky that the main malady affecting me after those many blows to the head is a 60% hearing loss in my left ear — probably due to undiagnosed concussions and particularly to thousands of head slaps by defensive players, whose first hit after the snap was often a right-handed blow to the helmet's open hole over my left ear.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National Football League – Economic aspects"

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Maseko, Thulani Norman. "The second transition : an analysis of the political rhetoric of the ANC and ANCYL." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020760.

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South Africa achieved its formal democracy through a negotiated settlement in 1994. Formal democracy focuses on liberty, rights and basic freedom such as freedom of speech, and the right to vote, amongst others, while substantive democracy focuses on equality, social justice, and the area of economic rights with a focus on reduction of poverty, unemployment and increased equality. It is within the substantive democratisation theoretical framework, that South Africa’s democratic achievement has not necessarily been as great as its political achievements in constructing a constitutional democracy. This is evident in the continued patterns of racialised inequality and poverty, as well as the increase in service delivery protest action, which can destabilise the democratic success achieved in 1994. The objective of economic development is to create an environment where people can enjoy economic stability, job security and health, and lead productive lives, on one hand. On the other hand, political development seeks to create an environment where people can enjoy peace, rule of law and freedom. Politics and economics therefore go hand in hand to attain wealth benefits for people and create a sufficient level of political stability within a transitioning context. South Africa has made some strides towards getting political stability and a democratic state, but much still needs to be done to reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality. Hence an argument stressing the need for a Second Transition or Economic CODESA has recently entered the sphere of political public debate. This project seeks to deconstruct and explain the discourse of the Second Transition and Economic CODESA. The studies found that centre to this debate are key redistributive issues. Poverty, inequality and unemployment are key substantive challenges that have the potential to undermine political stability if they are not effectively dealt with.
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Books on the topic "National Football League – Economic aspects"

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Football fortunes: The business, organization, and strategy of the NFL. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2010.

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Yost, Mark. Tailgating, sacks, and salary caps: How the nfl became the most successful sports league in ... [Place of publication not identified]: Kaplan Aec Education, 2006.

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Tailgating, sacks, and salary caps: How the NFL became the most successful sports league in history. Chicago, IL: Kaplan Pub., 2006.

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Glory for sale: Fans, dollars, and the new NFL. Baltimore, MD: Bancroft Press, 1997.

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Tim, Green. The Dark Side of the Game. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2008.

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Tim, Green. The dark side of the game: My life in the NFL. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1996.

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Gridiron gauntlet: The story of the men who integrated pro football, in their own words. Lanham: Taylor Trade Pub., 2009.

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Harvey, Frommer, ed. Behind the lines: A veteran quarterback's look inside the NFL. New York: Pharos Books, 1991.

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Stein, Gil. Power plays: An inside look at the big business of the National Hockey League. Secaucus, N.J: Carol Pub. Group, 1997.

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Lawrence, Paul R. Unsportsmanlike conduct: The National Collegiate Athletic Association and the business of college football. New York: Praeger, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "National Football League – Economic aspects"

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Vrooman, John. "The Economic Structure of the NFL." In The Economics of the National Football League, 7–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6290-4_2.

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Baade, Robert A., and Victor A. Matheson. "An Evaluation of the Economic Impact of National Football League Mega-Events." In The Economics of the National Football League, 243–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6290-4_14.

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Berrett, Jesse. "Introduction." In Pigskin Nation. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041709.003.0001.

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The introduction lays out the rising popularity of the football in the 60s. It was acclaimed as America’s new national pastime by observers as different as Gallup, Liberation News Service, Marshall McLuhan, and Richard Nixon. ““Baseball is what we were, football is what we have become,” remarked columnist Mary McGrory. Rather than settling for the appeal of its product, the NFL promoted football as quintessentially American and perfectly in tune with the contemporary world. This notion of football’s popularity led to its use in politics as both metaphor for achievement and means of reaching voters. The politics created by the league and aspiring politicians absolutely sold appearance, but we should consider their substantive aspects as well.
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Šuput, Dejan. "Fudbal u Srbiji i evropskim državama nakon pandemije covid 19." In Srpski fudbal - uporednopravni izazovi i perspektive II, 165–83. Institut za uporedno pravo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_22.sf.12.

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This article describes in considerable detail the most significant implications of the COVID 19 pandemic for football organisations (national football associations and football clubs) in Europe. The author makes the point that the relevant available facts do not support earlier predictions that the pandemic would bring about the demise of football as a consequence of temporary cancellations of football competitions (and of their subsequent resumption by playing matches without the presence of spectators). The text considers in some detail the factual, financial and legal measures taken by individual states, national football associations and UEFA in order to preserve and even to develop further the sport of football during the pandemic (which is not over, although its end may be in sight). The author points out that, contrary to earlier predicitions, the novel circumstances resulting from the pandemic did not lead to large scale football club closures, and that the medical profession still needs to assess the claim that a single football match played in Milan at the beginning of 2020 triggered the spread of the pandemic in norther Italy. The final part of the article presents the view that football as a sport and as a business, football players, people professionally working in the field of football, as well as football fans and all those who follow the sport, have demonstrated far greater resilience in facing medical, economic and organisational challenges than was initially predicted. In a nutshell, the facts presented in the text support the conclusion that the pandemic actually contributed to the faster modernising transformation of several key aspects of football orgatisations, the systems of football as a sport, football regulations and the football market - all of which have emerged better adapted to operating in the modern world than would have been the case if it had not been for the pandemic.
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