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1
Andersen, Minie. "Consumer Protection: The Interaction Between Written and Unwritten Law." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 4 (September 1, 2021): 633–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021033.
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The scope of consumer protection according to both written and unwritten law is assessed through an analysis of court decisions and decisions of the Consumer Complaints Board in Danish law with references to other Scandinavian law and to EU case law. The article analyses consumer protection in Scandinavian contract law according to general principles of interpretation and statutory law in the form of national legislation implementing Article 5 of Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts. The so-called (larger) general clause of invalidity in the form of section 36 of the relevant national Contracts Acts is included as it greatly influences interpretation in Scandinavian contract law. The analysis involves a discussion of interpretation as a legal source in Scandinavian contract law, and a presentation of the Scandinavian consumer complaints board system with an emphasis on the Danish system. It is argued that the (traditional) general principles of interpretation in contract law play an important role as a supplement to written law in the aim of consumer protection, and that both courts and the Consumer Complaints Boards seem to operate with protection of consumers as a relevant underlying legal basis when interpreting consumer contracts. Both general rules of interpretation and the underlying legal basis (in the form of i.a. non-mandatory rules and customs) thereby seem to enhance consumer protection in Scandinavian contract law.
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Beck-Friis, J. "How consumer disputes are dealt with in Sweden: The Swedish National Board for Consumer Complaints." Journal of Consumer Policy 13, no. 4 (December 1990): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00412341.
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Tsalikis, John, and Bruce Seaton. "Corporate Social Responsibility: A Cross-National Study of the Treatment of Consumers and Employees." Business Ethics and Leadership 4, no. 2 (2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(2).6-15.2020.
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Within a CSR framework, this paper reports on an extensive array of studies that explore consumer and employee issues with businesses in 13 countries, including the United States and countries in Eastern and Western Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. The relevance of this study is based on the idea that consumer trust and fair treatment of employees are both core components of CSR and vital elements of economic efficiency and satisfaction from both supplier and customer perspectives. The questionnaires included open-ended inquiries which employed the technique of unaided recall, alternatively known as “top of mind” awareness. This method’s strength is that it provides minimum direction to respondents, thus avoiding interviewer bias. The resulting data were examined and classified using the method of content analysis. The results indicate that in Mexico and Argentina most consumer complaints involved price, while in Russia, China, and India consumers complained about aspects of product policy. Only Brazilian consumers registered their major concerns as complaints on service. The complaints about corporate policy focused on the poor treatment of employees. The between-country contrasts were often large; for example, 26% of Japanese respondents expressed concerns about employee issues whereas such complaints were limited to 3% of our Mexican sample. The strength of the current research is the combination of the breadth of the study (13 countries) coupled with the employment of national probability samples. The corresponding limitation stems from the limited depth of inquiry associated with the methodology employed and the inherent complexity of cross-national comparisons. The key implication of the paper is that both customers and employees have numerous complaints regarding the treatment they receive from corporations, but these issues show significant differences between the countries in the sample. In-depth examination of the individual countries is one of several fruitful areas suggested for further research. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Consumer Complaints, Price, Product, Service.
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Dwi, Rosmawati, Sinudarwati Sinudarwati, and Fika Regita Trismiyanto. "PERANCANGAN SYSTEM INFORMASI PENANGANAN KELUHAN KONSUMEN BERBASIS WEB PADA PT. INDUSTIRA BATU CEPER TANGERANG." Journal CERITA 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cerita.v5i2.239.
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PT Industira is one of the companies engaged in manufacturing Disassembly power panel (Disribution Board) for TL lamp lighting. To improve costumer service, PT Industira provides Quality Assurance & Customer Service Team Leader (QA & CS TL) as a container to accommodate various complaints handling provided by consumers. Based on the current system obtained the results that the system there are still some disadvantages are all still done manually that need a more accurate new system that is a web-based consumer complaint information system that uses PHP programming with Notepad ++ and MySql database creation. From the process is generated a web-based consumer complaints system that can reduce the ineffectiveness and inefficiency in the delivery of complaints, grievance shelter, data processing complaints, decision makers to the preparation of complaints so that the entire process of handling complaints properly monitored.
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Stevenson, David G. "Nursing Home Consumer Complaints and Quality of Care: A National View." Medical Care Research and Review 63, no. 3 (June 2006): 347–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558706287043.
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Sarkar, Sourish, and Balaji Rajagopalan. "Consumer safety complaints and organizational learning: evidence from the automotive industry." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 10 (November 29, 2018): 2094–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-03-2017-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value of information in consumer safety complaints for organizational learning. Design/methodology/approach Empirical analysis of this study uses a novel secondary data set, which is formed by combining complaints data filed with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for potential safety defects, and design change information from 2003 to 2011 model-year vehicles in the USA. Findings First, the paper demonstrates the value of information embedded in complaints. Second, in the case of radical product redesigns, owing to the lack of direct applicability of consumer feedback based learning, the impact of learning on product safety is found to be muted, third, the results suggest that the safety complaint rates vary by vehicle classes/categories and, fourth, the findings differ from prior research conclusions on vehicle quality. Prior research finds the debuting car models have the lowest repair rates among all car models produced in a given year, but the current study finds the debuting models to have the highest rates of safety complaints. Originality/value Quality management literature rarely examines the safety complaints data (which, unlike other consumer feedbacks, focuses exclusively on the safety hazards due to flaws that result in accidents). This paper fills the gap in literature by linking safety complaints with future product quality and organizational learning.
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Kerti, N. G. N. Renti Maharaini. "Consumer protection institutions strengthening in the digitalization era." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2023): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v3i1.675.
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Consumer protection laws have been in effect in Indonesia for 23 years, but consumer complaints seem to never end and even tend to increase. According to National Consumer Protection Agency (BPKN) complaint data, the three sectors with the most consumer complaints in the last five years have been financial services, e-commerce, and housing, as well as health services, transportation, telecommunications, food and beverage, cosmetics, and household gas electricity. Business transactions and dispute resolution are affected by information and technology improvements. Since the disruptive transaction system has transitioned from manual transaction patterns in traditional markets to digital transactions in online marketplaces, institutional strengthening of consumer protection is urgently needed. Strengthening consumer protection institutions is a genuine problem in the context of future consumer protection laws. Economic policy is measured not only by increasing output but also by increasing public consumption as a result of consumer confidence in the goods and/or services available on the market, which ultimately drives the rate of productivity growth to realize the welfare of Indonesian consumers. The importance of strengthening consumer protection institutions as a form of development and certainty of legal protection for consumers to realize consumer empowerment both individually and communally, as well as business actor compliance as an internal form of good corporate governance in consumer-centric change management governance.
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Munathsir Mustaman. "ANALISIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DALAM KARTEL PENJUALAN SEPEDA MOTOR SKUTER MATIK HONDA-YAMAHA (Studi Kasus Putusan Kasasi MA RI No. 217K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2019)." SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL 11, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v11i1.1802.
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Normative juridical research methodologies with a statutory approach are used to examine customer protection in the 110-125 CC of Honda-Yamaha automatic scooter motorbike sales cartel and legal measures to recover consumer losses. Since the KPPU decision 04/KPPU-I/2016 simply addresses the legal certainty of the cartel elements under Article 5 paragraph (1) Law 5/1999, it can be concluded that consumer protection law enforcement has not been taken into account in the cartel selling automatic scooters 110-125 CC of Honda-Yamaha. Civil actions for reimbursement for unlawful activities, complaints to the Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK), and complaints to the National Consumer Protection Agency (BPKN) that can be used to recover consumer losses in the Honda-Yamaha automatic scooters 110–125 CC cartel. As a consequence, a legal mechanism is required to allow consumers to recover losses incurred due to anti-competitive agreements and/or conduct by business actors. Anti-Monopoly Law and/or Customer Protection Law laws should be implemented by the government to determine how to recover consumer losses caused by the Honda-Yamaha automatic scooters 110 – 125 CC cartel, as well as other consumer losses caused by anti-competitive law violations.
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Segest, E. "Patients' Complaints: The Disciplinary System regarding Evaluation of Physicians' Conduct." Medicine, Science and the Law 33, no. 1 (January 1993): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249303300108.
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The study comprises all complaints which patients have made to the Danish National Board of Health in 1984–1985. The Board has disciplinary powers over physicians and advises the public prosecutor in cases of gross negligence that are to be brought before a court. There were 531 complaints on average per year. The frequency of complaints was 1.0 complaint per 10,000 population. A large part of the complaints concerned cases where no physical harm occurred (45%), and in only a small portion (16%) were there serious injuries. The Board found that negligence had occurred in 21% of the complaints, and 1% of the cases were considered to be gross negligence. There were appeals against 17% of the rulings, and of these 9% were either wholly or partly upheld.
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Syarifa, R., L. Rahmawati, P. F. Andini, M. Simanjuntak, and A. M. T. Anggraini. "Menyelisik Isu Perlindungan Konsumen pada Klausula Eksonerasi di Sektor Jasa Keuangan dan Retail dengan Pendekatan Mixed Methods." Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen 15, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2022.15.2.178.
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Throughout 2021, the National Consumer Protection Agency (BPKN) has received 2.113 complaints from the financial services sector and 427 complaints from the retail sector, where problems related to the exoneration clause are one of the most reported problems. This research aimed to analyze the influence of knowledge and attitudes on consumer behavior and explore the role of the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) in supervising the inclusion of the exoneration clause. This research applied sequential mixed methods that combine quantitative and qualitative approaches. The survey was conducted on 170 respondents who were selected by voluntary sampling. The descriptive analysis showed that consumer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to the exoneration clause were still low. Only knowledge had a significant effect on consumer attitudes. The result of the in-depth interview concludes that the role of BPSK has not been effective and tends to be passive in supervising the inclusion of the exoneration clause. It is because there are no clear technical instructions and implementation instructions related to the supervision of the inclusion of the exoneration clause. Therefore, an institution with authority must examine, validate, and certify standard clauses before being applied to consumers.
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Du Plessis, MA (Riette). "Redress for consumers in terms of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008: The watchdog’s failure to support an accredited industry ombud - alternative suggestions." Stellenbosch Law Review 33, no. 2 (2022): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/slr/2022/i2a4.
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In this contribution, available avenues of consumer redress in terms of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (“CPA”) are discussed. The majority of complaints heard by the courts and the National Consumer Tribunal (“NCT”) regarding defective goods entail second-hand cars. These include cases of suppliers’ contempt of findings by the Motor Industry Ombudsman of South Africa (“MIOSA”) in terms of section 70(3)(a), as well as instances where the MIOSA terminates the section 70(2) process and the consumer approaches the National Consumer Commission (“NCC”) in terms of section 71. Processes in the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 are not clearly delineated, leading to unnecessary cross-referrals between different redress mechanisms, such as the MIOSA, the NCC and provincial protection authorities and consumer courts. The NCC’s approach, which is not supported by the CPA, is to avoid investigating individual consumer complaints. The NCC consistently refers matters back to either a different or the same alternative dispute resolution agent, in conflict with the caveat in section 72(1)(b). Many NCT decisions indicate that the NCC issues notices of non-referral without due justification, thereby compelling consumers to approach the NCT, if permitted, or consumer courts for relief. The interplay between the MIOSA, the NCC and provincial consumer courts is discussed, the effect of which frustrates the aim of effective and efficient redress and enforcement in terms of the CPA. An alternative route to ensure the enforcement of consumer rights and redress is suggested, in terms of which the NCC should focus on the outcome of the investigation and use section 73(1)(c)(iii) to refer matters to consumer courts in terms of section 73(2). The advantages of such referrals are indicated. It is shown that the successful outcome of consumers’ claims, where the supplier engages in prohibited conduct, depends on the appropriate application of the relevant sections of the CPA.
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Koekemoer, Michel M. "Consumer Complaints And Complaint Forums Employed In The South African Motor Vehicle Service Industry: A Survey Of The Literature." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 3 (April 24, 2014): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i3.8551.
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<p>A South African consumer who owns a motor vehicle will need to have it serviced at a motor vehicle service dealership. The level of service experienced by consumers is not always satisfactory, leaving the consumer dissatisfied and wanting to complain about the poor service. The complaint forums available to South African consumers can roughly be divided into two categories, namely those established under South African law (which include the National Consumer Tribunal; the National Consumer Commission; the Motor Industry Ombud of South Africa; a consumer court; an alternative dispute resolution agent; and an ordinary court); and other traditional complaint forums (which include complaint websites and complaints made to the dealer directly). When deciding on the most appropriate complaint forum, consumers must consider the following factors: the cost of and time spent on the complaint process; the complexity of the rules and procedures associated with each complaint forum; the effective functioning of each forum; and the relief that the consumer can expect to receive from the complaint forum. This study found that when measured against these factors, consumers are left with few viable complaint forums. The structure and functioning of the existing complaint forums remains far from perfect. However, inroads have been made to improve the current complaint forums. Further improvements will only be achieved through a concerted effort by all the industry players. Such collaboration between them will ensure that South African consumers in the motor vehicle service industry will be ranked amongst the best protected consumers in the world.</p>
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Widiutama, Sang Nur Cahya, Budi Warsito, and Sudarno Sudarno. "ANALISIS KLASIFIKASI REKAPITULASI PENGADUAN PELANGGAN UP3 PT. PLN SEMARANG MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA QUEST (QUICK, UNBIASED, AND EFFICIENT STATISTICAL TREE)." Jurnal Gaussian 11, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v11i1.34000.
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Every company must have a way to solve the problems faced by its customers, PT. PLN Persero, the Indonesian national energy utility, must have a method to handle consumer complaints. PT. PLN Persero has a recovery time strategy for resolving consumer concerns, but it is not always effective in doing so. The QUEST algorithm (Quick, Unbiased, and Efficient Statistical Tree) approach is used to classify the problem of the recovery time policy failing on specific complaints. Classification of complaint data in order to obtain characteristics and factors as the main influence on the complaints and be able to provide new opinions for PT. PLN to address customer complaints. The QUEST method is a classification tree technique with two nodes per split that yields an unbiased variable. The QUEST method may be used with both category and numerical data. QUEST uses three stages to create a classification tree: picking the splitting variable, identifying the split point, and pausing the split. The classification tree generated has a tree depth of four layers and obtained three essential factors in the classification, namely weather, the number of customers experiencing the same event, and distance from the site. The classification tree accuracy level is 0.851 (or 85.1%), with a prediction error rate of 0.149 (or 14.9%).Keywords: binary classification tree, recovery time, QUEST algorithm.
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Morris, Phillip A., and Grant Clayton. "GI Bill students at 2‐year colleges: Enrollment retention, and support trends." New Directions for Community Colleges 2024, no. 206 (June 2024): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cc.20624.
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AbstractThis article presents a national snapshot of GI Bill student enrollment through examination of a repository of data on veterans’ education benefits usage, institutional practices to support veterans, and consumer advocacy information (e.g., complaints and caution flags). Through examination of records from 2217 two‐year institutions enrolling 172,453 GI Bill students, our analyses can support decision‐making regarding the extent of support services to consider offering for student veterans on community college campuses. Additionally, we provide insights into consumer advocacy for student veterans, trends in education benefits usage, and offer evidence‐based best practices for supporting student veterans.
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Bujisic, Milos, Vanja Bogicevic, H. G. Parsa, Verka Jovanovic, and Anupama Sukhu. "It’s Raining Complaints! How Weather Factors Drive Consumer Comments and Word-of-Mouth." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, no. 5 (March 18, 2019): 656–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348019835600.
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Limited attention has been given to the drivers of customer behavior that originate from less direct factors, such as weather. Weather is known to significantly alter consumers’ moods and consequently their behavior. Building on the theoretical alignment between weather, mood, and consumer behavior, this research examined how specific weather factors drive the valence of consumer comments. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between perceived weather, consumers’ moods and affective experience, and word-of-mouth. By analyzing secondary data from 32 restaurants belonging to a national fast-casual chain, this research demonstrates that weather factors such as rain, temperature, and barometric pressure drive consumers’ complaint behavior in restaurants. Additionally, the findings of a survey study and an experimental study indicate that mood and affective experience mediate the relationship between perceived weather and word-of-mouth.
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Das, Subasish, Abhisek Mudgal, Anandi Dutta, and Srinivas R. Geedipally. "Vehicle Consumer Complaint Reports Involving Severe Incidents: Mining Large Contingency Tables." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 32 (July 31, 2018): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118788464.
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According to 2010–2014 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data, nearly 6.35% of fatal crashes happened as a result of vehicles’ pre-existing manufacturing defects. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) vehicle complaint database incorporates more than 1.37 million complaint reports (as of June 1, 2017). These reports contain extended information on vehicle-related disruptions. Around 5% of these reports involve some level of injury or fatalities. This study had two principal objectives, namely (1) perform knowledge discovery to understand the latent trends in consumer complaints, and (2) identify clusters with high relative reporting ratios from a large contingency table of vehicle models and associated complaints. To accomplish these objectives, 67,201 detailed reports associated with injury or fatalities from the NHTSA vehicle complaint database were examined. Exploratory text mining and empirical Bayes (EB) data mining were performed. Additionally, this study analyzed five years (2010–2014) of FARS data to examine the research findings. Results show that major vehicular defects are associated with air bags, brake systems, seat belts, and speed controls. The EB metrics identified several key ‘ vehicle model with major defect’ groups that require more attention. This study demonstrates the applicability of consumer complaints in identifying major vehicular defects as well as key groups of ‘ vehicle model with major defect.’ The findings of this study will provide a significant contribution to the reduction of crashes from vehicle-related disruptions. The research presented in this paper is crucial given the ongoing advancement of connected and automated vehicle technologies.
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Sinnamon, Tim. "CONSUMER CAPTURE AND THE LEGAL SERVICES ACT 2007." Denning Law Journal 26 (September 24, 2014): 98–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v26i0.926.
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It is now nearly 7 years since the Legal Services Act 2007 (LSA) was brought onto the statute books. It is now 5 years since the major provisions of the Act became effective. For those unfamiliar with the Act, it is a blockbuster piece of legislation which in its entirety runs to 214 sections (covering 120 pages) and 24 Schedules which make up the remainder of the total 389 pages.The LSA 2007 sought to fundamentally recalibrate the regulation of the legal services market. To achieve this, the Act introduced a new tier of oversight regulation, above the then existing regulators of legal services. This new oversight regulator, called the Legal Services Board (LSB) is armed with an arsenal of statutory powers. The LSA 2007 also established a new ombudsman in the form of the Office of Legal Complaints.
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Bodhihanna, Aldhanti. "Rehabilitating Indonesia Consumer Dispute Settlement in Effective Ways." Lawpreneurship Journal 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2022): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/ctlr.2.1.61-77.
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According to the National Legislation Programme 2015-2019, the Consumer Protection Act is ranked 92 out of 189 draft bills to be reviewed and approved during the presidential election in mid-2019. A year later, there has not been any updated version of the amendment. The enforcement of consumer protection is facing certain problems and challenges, especially in handling any consumer disputes. Hence, it is necessary for the Government to prioritize the act to adjust the obstacles. The author uses normative juridical research methods in compiling this research. This article will compare Indonesian’s enforcement system to Australia. In the end, it is hoped that this paper shall serve as a guide for the Indonesian government in determining aspects that need to be addressed in the Consumer Protection Law and its enforcement. BPKN should be allowed to have the same level of authority as ACCC or ASIC. First, Enhance BPKN’s advisory function through improved monitoring of complaints data and follow-up recommendations. Second, increase budgetary to assert its role and mandate. Lastly, add mandate for settlement of high-impact consumer disputes.
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Lin, Vivian, and Debra Gillick. "Does workforce regulation have the intended effect? The case of Chinese medicine practitioner registration." Australian Health Review 35, no. 4 (2011): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10869.
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The Chinese Medicine Registration Act was passed through Victorian parliament in 2000, based on policy research that suggested the need for statutory registration as a means for protecting public health and safety. This paper reports on the implementation and the effect of this policy. By examining registration, complaints and prosecution data from the Chinese Medicine Registration Board as well as comparing the complaints data between 2003 and 2007 across all Victorian registration boards, this paper considers the extent to which the policy research and the policy intent were justified. Based on the experience of the Chinese Medicine Registration Board, the paper points to issues that should be further considered as Chinese medicine moves into the national registration scheme in July 2012. What is known about the topic? Australian Federal, State and Territory governments’ criteria for regulation of health professions are aimed at protecting public health and safety. As such, the extent to which the profession poses a risk to the public is a key consideration for statutory registration. Chinese medicine practitioners have been registered in Victoria since 2002 based on theoretical analysis of the Governments’ criteria, which suggested Chinese medicine to be more risky than some of the currently registered professions. What is not known, however, is whether the research undertaken before policy adoption was predictive of the outcomes following registration. What does this paper add? Reviewing the number and sources of complaints made to the Chinese Medicine Registration Board as well as registration and prosecution data, the paper demonstrates that the policy objective of protecting public health and safety was warranted, and that there is a need for similar policy beyond Victoria. Using complaints handled by boards as a proxy measure for risk, comparative analysis of data from Victorian health professions registration boards between 2003 and 2007 shows that Chinese medicine is a high risk profession. What are the implications for practitioners? With Chinese medicine practitioners coming under the national registration scheme in July 2012, some of the difficulties associated with federalism will be overcome. Other aspects of the Victorian experience will be useful in informing implementation and likely effect of the national scheme. However, the model for health professional regulation remains essentially reactive. Although the management of complaints is an essential aspect of protecting public health and safety, ongoing review of complaints data should point to more proactive efforts to prevent their occurrence.
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LI, JOHN, KIRK SMITH, DAWN KAEHLER, KAREN EVERSTINE, JOSH ROUNDS, and CRAIG HEDBERG. "Evaluation of a Statewide Foodborne Illness Complaint Surveillance System in Minnesota, 2000 through 2006." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 2059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.11.2059.
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Foodborne outbreaks are detected by recognition of similar illnesses among persons with a common exposure or by identification of case clusters through pathogen-specific surveillance. PulseNet USA has created a national framework for pathogen-specific surveillance, but no comparable effort has been made to improve surveillance of consumer complaints of suspected foodborne illness. The purpose of this study was to characterize the complaint surveillance system in Minnesota and to evaluate its use for detecting outbreaks. Minnesota Department of Health foodborne illness surveillance data from 2000 through 2006 were analyzed for this study. During this period, consumer complaint surveillance led to detection of 79% of confirmed foodborne outbreaks. Most norovirus infection outbreaks were detected through complaints. Complaint surveillance also directly led or contributed to detection of 25% of salmonellosis outbreaks. Eighty-one percent of complainants did not seek medical attention. The number of ill persons in a complainant's party was significantly associated with a complaint ultimately resulting in identification of a foodborne outbreak. Outbreak confirmation was related to a complainant's ability to identify a common exposure and was likely related to the process by which the Minnesota Department of Health chooses complaints to investigate. A significant difference (P < 0.001) was found in incubation periods between complaints that were outbreak associated (median, 27 h) and those that were not outbreak associated (median, 6 h). Complaint systems can be used to detect outbreaks caused by a variety of pathogens. Case detection for foodborne disease surveillance in Minnesota happens through a multitude of mechanisms. The ability to integrate these mechanisms and carry out rapid investigations leads to improved outbreak detection.
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Fernandez, Angelina Anne, and Rahmah Ismail. "The Roles of Institutional Frameworks in Enforcing Food Safety in Malaysia." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2018.6.3(4).
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Objective - Food is one of the basic elements of survival. Nevertheless, the advancement of science and technology has made food safety a complex issue. Chemical additives that are harmful to health are constantly added into our food products. Food safety involves the health of the society at large and the productivity of individuals in our country. There needs to be a tightening of laws to ensure that the food safety of our products is always protected. The objective of this paper is to examine the roles of various enforcement agencies - both governmental and non-governmental - and to conduct a comparative study with the Food Standard Agency in the United Kingdom. Methodology/Technique - The governmental agency involved in this study is the Food and Quality Division under the Ministry of Health Malaysia. The paper also examines the role of non-governmental agencies, namely, the Consumer Association of Penang and the National Consumer Complaints Centre, in channeling and documenting complaints from consumers to relevant enforcement agencies. A qualitative methodology is adopted to analyze the relevant documents. Findings - The results of the research identifies that the enforcement of the laws by governmental bodies needs to be improved. On the other hand, non-governmental bodies are found to be effectively executing their duties. Therefore, it is suggested that government agencies should increase transparency in reporting their cases to the consumers, particularly through their website. It is also suggested that they report irresponsible food manufacturers in newspapers and seek to prosecute those manufacturers in courts. Novelty - It is hoped that this paper will act to advise food manufacturers of the governmental and non-governmental regulatory bodies in place. The paper also proposes that the Food Safety and Quality Division work together with non-governmental bodies, namely the Consumer Association of Penang and the National Consumer Complaint Centre, to combat food safety and quality, to increase transparency and enforce the laws on food safety more rigorously. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Food Safety; Enforcement; Food Manufacturers; Food Quality Standards; Community; Consumers. JEL Classification: L60, L66, L69
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Rahmah, Mutia, Megawati Simanjuntak, Anggi Mayang Sari, and Irni Rahmayani Johan. "THE STUDY OF PROGRAM AND ROLES OF NATIONAL CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCY USING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES." Journal of Child, Family, and Consumer Studies 2, no. 3 (October 31, 2023): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jcfcs.2.3.209-222.
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The National Consumer Protection Agency (BPKN) was established to fulfill consumer protection needs in accordance with its duties. This study aimed to identify the role and performance of BPKN. The research design used was a mixed method. A total of 224 respondents were selected for the online survey using voluntary sampling techniques with the criteria of Indonesian citizens, men, and/or women aged 18-65 years, and in-depth interviews with the Chairman of the Research and Development Commission of BPKN. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS version 25.0. The result of this research is that more than half of consumers know about the functions and duties of the BPKN. However, the number of respondents who knew about BPKN programs was still low. The role of the BPKN in providing suggestions and recommendations to the government is considered insufficient based on the number of suggestions and recommendations issued each year. On the other hand, BPKN has succeeded in creating new innovations in how consumers complain during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, by making online complaints. BPKN should be able to create more activities aimed at introducing BPKNs among Indonesians.
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Imam Asfali. "Kewenangan dan Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Perbankan dalam Rangka Perlindungan Nasabah Perbankan Setelah Dibentuknya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 Tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan." Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) 1, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/jsh.v1i2.272.
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The absence of balanced protection puts customers in a weak position. This aspect of customer protection can also be seen in the national banking business. There are two dominant problems that are often complained of by customers of banking services. First, complaints about banking products such as ATMs (Automatic Teller Machines), credit cards, and various types of savings accounts. Also included in complaints about banking products are promises of prizes and advertisements for banking products. Second, complaints about the unsympathetic and unprofessional work of officers, especially service point officers such as tellers, customer service, and security guards. From these problems it can be seen that the aspect of customer protection is a very important aspect to pay attention to and not to be violated. This type of research is normative juridical, namely by examining library materials and secondary materials. Data sources in this study are secondary data. The data collection technique used in this research is through library research techniques. Banking dispute resolution mechanisms in the context of protecting banking customers, namely Dispute Resolution through OJK in implementing dispute resolution facilities, OJK appoints facilitators who are OJK officers in the field of Consumer Education and Protection, OJK Consumer Services Directorate. OJK's authorities in the context of consumer protection, especially banking customer protection, are as follows: (a) To provide information and education to the public on the characteristics of the financial services sector, its services and products; (b) Asking financial service institutions to stop their activities if these activities have the potential to harm society; and (c) Other actions deemed necessary in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations in the financial services sector. The impact of the enactment of Law Number 21 concerning the Financial Services Authority on banking customers is that the Financial Services Authority is able to carry out the banking supervisory function. Moreover, this has been mandated in Law Number 21 of 2011.
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Musataklima, Musataklima, M. Syamsudin, and Adi Sulistiyono. "Konstitusionalisasi Perlindungan Konsumen Perspektif Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Profetik Islam." Jurnal HAM 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2023.14.137-154.
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People are ipso facto consumers. People, as consumers, have rights that must be protected by law. As human beings, consumers have rights that must be protected, respected, fulfilled, and advanced by the state. However, current consumer protection could be more effective and stronger, as evidenced by many consumer complaints to the National Consumer Protection Agency. (BPKN). This is also due to the weak legal instruments of consumer protection that need to be burned into the country’s constitution. Based on this, the study aims to analyze the urgency of constitutionalizing consumer protection from the perspective of human rights and prophetic Islamic law. The research method used is the study of doctrinal law with conceptual and legislative approaches. The data used is secondary data, i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through the study of libraries and online searching (internet searching), surfing, and downloading, and subsequently analysed qualitatively. As for the results of this study, the first constitutionalization of consumer protection from a human rights perspective can guarantee the fulfillment of the right to life as a fundamental human right and can be an instrumentation of the fulfillment of a right to a decent and safe standard of living to be consumed. Second, from the perspective of prophetic law, the constitutionalization of protection can empower public authorities to fulfill, respect, implement, and enforce consumer protection, thus realizing the liberation and humanization of consumers from unfair and fraudulent trade.
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Yakushijin Gomes dos Santos, Fernanda, David Barbosa de Alencar, Alexandra Priscilla Tregue Costa, and Marden Eufrasio dos Santos. "Air Conditioner Production Failure Analysis Techniques." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1832.
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This paper aims to apply the use of quality tools for fault analysis techniques and internal circuit board defect reduction in an air conditioner company. We currently have millions of air conditioners installed and produced annually on all continents and consecutively there is increasing consumer complaints that internal circuit boards are one of the most critical components of an appliance and it is it that controls its functions as a for example: receive the temperature signal chosen on the remote control so that it works to increase or decrease the temperature as per customer requirement. According to vendor defect, data our top one defects are related to evaporator EEPROM non-write defect circuit board problems and with that 3.12% defect work, we achieved a 0% reduction of defects after Work completed with 2 weeks of follow-up.
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Hohmann, Balázs. "Possibilities for Modernization of Conciliation Board Procedures in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe - Online Dispute Resolution and Electronic Communication." European Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (May 15, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/554xup42d.
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Conciliation bodies are the main European forums for alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes, providing an institutionalized opportunity to remedy consumer infringement cases quickly, cheaply and efficiently. The institution has excellent dispute resolution efficiency not only in Hungary, but also at the international level, which greatly contributes to the enforcement of the consumer protection legislation of the countries concerned. The scientific examination of the work of the bodies and the legislation related to them, the number of domestic and international scientific works resulting from them are modest, while the efficient operation of the bodies depends not only on practical and legal factors, but also on the theoretical basis. Although legislative reforms in this area have led to a number of innovations and modernizations, they have left untouched a number of theoretical and practical issues that also pose significant problems in law enforcement, such as the satisfactory settlement of cross-border disputes, electronic communication and even communication, that it is possible to involve artificial intelligence, other software solutions in decision-making or online dispute resolution within the framework of the procedure. Applied research on the operation of conciliation bodies covered bodies and bodies in Hungary, Romania and Slovakia. Due to the large number of consumer legal relations, the significance of these research results in the national economy cannot be considered negligible either. The research supported by the ÚNKP-20-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund.
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Shepherd, K. M., and A. P. Wyn-Jones. "Private water supplies and the local authority role: results of a UK national survey." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (June 1, 1997): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0707.
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There are more than 100,000 private water supplies within the UK serving about a million people. The Private Water Regulations 1991 provide a framework for Local Authorities to monitor these supplies within their areas. Geographical distribution is variable with some Authorities responsible for large numbers of private sources. Sampling programmes are dependent on the abstraction volume or the number of consumers; some supplies may be monitored only annually or even less frequently. Seasonal variation of water quality may allow contaminated water to be consumed undetected by the Authority and may constitute a risk of illness to the consumer. This national survey of all the UK Local Authorities assesses the distribution, classification and quality of UK private water supplies. Incidence of sample non-compliance, complaints regarding water quality and suspected illness due to possible microbial contamination are addressed. The role of the Authorities in maintaining a safe potable water supply from private sources and the difficulties encountered in implementation of the Regulations are discussed.
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Abdillah, Riad, Sjaifurrachman Sjaifurrachman, Abintoro Prakoso, and Evi Dwi Hastri. "Legal Protection in Consumer Dispute Resolution: Independence of the Financial Services Authority (OJK)." International Asia Of Law and Money Laundering (IAML) 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.59712/iaml.v3i2.87.
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The progress of the national economy is influenced by financial services. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) as an independent institution that is responsible and plays an important role in supervising and regulating management in the financial services sector, is committed to providing legal protection guarantees for consumer rights. The normative legal research method using a statutory approach and this concept approach shows the results that the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has used the concept of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as part of pseudo/quasi by establishing an Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution based on OJK Regulation Number 61/POJK.07/2020 of 2020 concerning Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions in the Financial Services Sector as a follow-up step taken to provide legal protection to consumers in the financial services sector in regulating and resolving disputes or complaints. In addition, the independence of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has guaranteed in protecting consumers in the financial services sector with the issuance of OJK Regulation Number 6/POJK.07/2022 of 2022 concerning Consumer and Public Protection in the Financial Services Sector.
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,, Andhika Yusuf Permana, and Munawar Kholil ,. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI ONLINE DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Privat Law 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/privat.v7i1.30102.
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<p>Abstract<br />This article for analytic, a problematic consumer protection, and the dispute for consumer case. This <br />research form normative legal research which perspective. A data used is secondary and tertiary data. <br />Method of collection use document. Technique analytic a data using syllogism deduction. A problematic <br />consumer protection on online transaction agreement Indonesian unsolved, due by lack of awareness <br />consumer a conflict solution, lack of knowledge consumer protect law, and over difficult on dispute. Dispute <br />online transaction use non litigation and litigation. Dispute non litigation via Indonesian National Board <br />of Arbitration, Consumer Dispute Settlement Board, National Consumer Protection Agency, Mediation <br />and Negotiation. Negotiation, this way the most effect and efficient, because taking conclusion propose <br />dealing together. <br />Key word: protection, consumer, transaction.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji, problematika perlindungan konsumen, dan penyelesaiaan sengketa <br />konsumen dalam perjanjian jual beli online. Jenis penelitian merupakan hukum normatif bersifat <br />preskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan data sekunder dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan menggunakan studi <br />kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data secara deduksi silogisme. Problematika perlindungan konsumen dalam <br />perjanjian jual beli online di Indonesia belum terpecahkan, disebabkan karena kurangnya kesadaran dari <br />konsumen untuk menyelesaikan sengketa, kurangnya pengetahuan hukum perlindungan konsumen, dan <br />terlalu rumitnya dalam penyelesaian hukum. Penyelesaian sengketa dalam jual beli online dapat melalui <br />non litigasi dan litigasi. Penyelesaian non litigasi melalui Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia, Badan <br />Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen, Badan Perlindungan Konsumen Nasional, Mediasi, dan Negosiasi. <br />Negosiasi merupakan salah satu jalur yang paling efektif dan efesien, karena dalam pengambilan <br />keputusan lebih mengedepankan kesepakatan bersama.<br />Kata Kunci: perlindungan, konsumen, jual beli</p>
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Bai, Shuming, and Kai S. Koong. "Financial and other frauds in the United States: a panel analysis approach." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 25, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-03-2017-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings and implications associated with the millions of financial and other fraud complaints that are reported to the Federal Trade Commission and published in the Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book each year since 2002. Based on the three dimensions, namely, the number of complaints, growth rates and geographic locations of those crimes, this study found similar as well as unique trends that are new and are critical for addressing the rise of cybercrimes in the USA. The trends and patterns identified may also have implications for addressing cybercrimes in other parts of the world. Design/methodology/approach This research is a cross-sectional time-series study that covers frauds and cybercrimes in the USA from 2002 to 2015. The observed cases included the number of total complaints, complaints categories and payment amount or loss incurred both at the national and state levels. First, aggregate fraud totals, categories, payments and payment methods were analyzed and ranked. Second, state data for fraud categories, payments and filing rate per capita were organized into panel data for analysis, comparison and ranking. This cross-sectional and longitudinal approach of the different dimensions of financial and other frauds generate new rankings and more robust results. Findings The key findings are related to the long-term occurrences and trends of financial and online frauds in the USA. While some general trends are consistent with prior studies, the cross-sectional and longitudinal panel analysis produced some unique results. States that reported the most complaints do not necessarily rank high when examined with their growth per capital or their rates of growth. Their rankings could change dramatically due to other factors. In addition, eight of the top ten crime categories are the same both at the national and state levels, indicating that law enforcement could target the same crime categories. Originality/value The panel data analysis is new (first attempt at using this technique on the data set) and robust because it allows cross-sectional and longitudinally analysis of the various financial and online fraud crimes, in aggregate and by state, for a more comprehensive and comparative examination of the fraud behavioral trends. This research can be viewed as an improvement over earlier studies because the panel analysis identifies what fraud trends, scam types and payment amount exist on the national and state levels. The rate of fraud growth in the respective states provides a better understanding about future development of this problem.
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Maesaroh, Fitria, and Wachyu Hari Aji. "ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED VALUE AND TRUST OF SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LOYALTY OF ONLINE SHOPPING CONSUMERS IN TOKOPEDIA." Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 2, no. 4 (March 14, 2021): 696–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v2i4.789.
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The number of Internet Users is increasing and the competitors of Online Business are making Online Shopping business tight, but the increase in Internet users is not in line with the increase in Online Shopping users. Data obtained from the Association of Indonesian Internet Service Providers (APJII, 2020), the reason why Internet users never change their goods or services online 6.7% is worried that the goods will not arrive. And data from the National Consumer Protection Agency (BPKN) for 2018-2020 there were complaints with problems regarding phishing and accounts via OTP. Tokopedia is an E-marketplace Platform that carries Online Purchase of Goods, with Tokopedia, consumers can easily fulfill their daily needs. The development of Tokopedia is very convincing that many consumers are making products. The more consumers who make repeated purchases, the more growth will be. However, there will be repeated every consumer who feels loyal to what is offered and has a customer. Loyalty must have several components because Loyalty is built on the basis of several components. So that this research discusses the Perceived Value and Trust in Satisfaction and its impact on Consumer Loyalty. This study refers to previous research as a conceptual basis. The research sample was taken from 256 respondents who were taken from the Tokopedia application using Google Docs in the form of a questionnaire survey. From the results of this study, consumer loyalty is very hampered by the Perceived Value, trust and satisfaction as a mediation.
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Abdul Wahab, M. A. F., Z. Mohd Jawi, I. Abdul Hamid, M. S. Solah, M. H. Mohd Latif, M. H. Md Isa, M. S. Abdul Khalid, A. H. Ariffin, and A. Hamzah. "Automotive Consumerism in Malaysia with Regard to Car Maintenance." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v1i2.17.
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This paper aims to review relevant legal framework, statistics, news reports and findings from the 'automotive ecosystem' study by MIROS relating to car maintenance issues in Malaysia. The automotive consumerism data mainly comes from the Road Transport Department (RTD), Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism (MD'TCC) and National Consumer Complaints Centre (NCCC), in addition to news articles via web search. In summary, there are several laws and legislations involving various authorities which can be utilised to safeguard automotive consumers ranging from before car registration, during car ownership up to de-registration of the car. Based on the statistics and news reports, car maintenance complaints mostly involved motor vehicle workshop and parts, accessories as well as vehicles. With respect to motor vehicle workshop, quality of repair received the highest number of complaints in NCCC report in 2015 (51.1%), while sales service and manufacturing defects were the main issues in the parts, accessories and vehicles category (22.5% and 21.4% respectively). In regard to car users' behaviour in Klang Valley (500 respondents) and Kuching (300 respondents), a majority of them chose to bring their cars for maintenance either to authorised service centre or general car workshops, instead of performing the maintenance themselves or alternating between the available options. Most car users' agreed on the importance of scheduled maintenance according to manufacturer recommendation and performing maintenance at general car workshops. However, they are unsure of the quality, in addition to maintenance and retrofitting behaviour.
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Roofe, Nina, Barbara Stewart, Kimberley Sartain, Jolie Jackson, and Alicia Landry. "Mentoring: Perspectives for a Diverse FCS Profession." Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences 115, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14307/jfcs115.4.7.
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The value of mentorship for family and consumer sciences (FCS) professionals is emphasized by inclusion in five leadership development programs offered by FCS professional organizations. The American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences (AAFCS) Leadership Academy, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) Leadership Institute, Council of Administrators of Family and Consumer Sciences (CAFCS) Emerging Leaders Workshop, Board on Health & Human Sciences (BHHS) Fellows Program, and the National Extension Association of Family & Consumer Sciences (NEAFCS) Extension Leadership Conference each include mentoring content and opportunities. Each organization, whether seeking to develop emerging, current, or future leaders, includes mentoring as a tool for developing FCS leaders. Components of each, including the models applied and the curriculum offered, include elements of mentoring (see Table 1). The purpose of this analysis is to examine perspectives on mentoring in FCS education and the profession, especially for women of color (WOC), as illuminated by the extant literature and the lived experiences of FCS students.
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Liudmyla, MYKYTENKO. "AN ALTERNATIVE WAY OF RESOLVING DISPUTE WITH CONSUMER PARTICIPATION: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 112, no. 5 (October 19, 2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2020(112)09.
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Background. The Government-endorsed Concept of State Policy for Consumer Protection by 2020 recognizes the need to reform a consumer protection system that has lost its control and is not acting in the interests of the multi-million consumer community. Governments are being chaned, but no one is paying attention to this problem, which exacerbates the situation in the country and leads to more active actions and consumer demands: there are no constitutional guarantees for state protection of legitimate consumer rights; there is no effective state body for consumer protection, independent from industrial interests; there is no national system for handling consumer complaints and compensation for violations of rights and illegal actions, resulting in consumers of Ukraine being unprotected and virtually disenfranchised against the dishonest actions of certain authorities and economic entities. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The legal problems of the consumer protection system were investigated. However, their works did not propose specific mechanisms for introducing alternative ways of resolving consumer disputes. The aim. Legal analysis of the grounds for introducing alternative ways of resolving consumer-related disputes, based on an analysis of best European practices. Materials and methods. General and specific research methods were used to elaborate on the topic outlined. Results. The state function of «consumer protection», enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine and fundamental international and European consumer protection instruments ratified in Ukraine, has become declarative and, as a consequence, consumers are deprived of an accessible, effective and impartial mechanism for protecting their rights. The state should provide, in addition to the generally accepted (state) mechanisms of protection, also alternative ways for fair, urgent, unreated to significant costs -settling disputes and obtaining consumer legal protection. Europe-wide practice demonstrates effective approaches to alternative ways of resolving consumer policy disputes. In view of the current situation regarding inefficient state mechanisms for consumer protection in Ukraine, the German experience of alternative ways of resolving consumer disputes is analyzed, as exemplified by Schlichtunqgsstelle fur den öffentlichen Personen verkehre.V. (Söp), which is an Independent Consumer arbitration Comission. Here we have analysed Söp’s work on the out-of-court settlement of individual disputes between travelers as consumers and companies in the transport and tourism sectors which can show us the great mechanisms of solving above-mentioned problems. Conclusion. In Ukraine, one of the most effective and promising areas in the field of consumer protection should be the introduction (normalization) of a system of alternative ways of resolving consumer disputes. We are convinced that our state should offer the option of choosing the consumer’s remedy, and provide a mechanism for resolving disputes through alternative means that will allow parties to avoid state litigation (going to court is preferable to use as an exclusive way of settling a legal dispute).
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Utama, Anugrah Prima. "PROVIDER'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR DATA PERSONAL CONSUMER ASSOCIATED WITH PRIME CARD REGISTRATION." Indonesia Private Law Review 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v4i1.2794.
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To minimize starter packs, the Government, through Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Number 12 of 2016 jo. Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Informatics Number 14 of 2017 concerning the Registration of Telecommunications Service Customers requires consumers to send personal data to the operator as a National Identity Number and Family Card Number or biological mother's name. However, this condition needs to be addressed appropriately, bearing in mind that the use of personal data by irresponsible parties without approval or authorization or because electronic system failures are prone to occur. The problems in this research are further examining the legal relationship between the provider and the consumer, the provider's responsibility to the consumer's data regarding starter pack registration, and the legal remedies consumers can take when personal data protection fails. The method used in this research is normative, carried out by reviewing existing laws and regulations and the literature related to the research topic. This study's results indicate a legal relationship between providers and consumers marked by registration recruitment. The provider, in this case, is the party that formulates the agreement, while the consumer only agrees and follows the agreed terms. Furthermore, the operator has responsibility for the telecommunications services it provides, including maintaining legitimacy, truth, accuracy, and relevance, as well as suitability to obtain, collect, analyzing, process, display, store, post, send, disseminate, to destroying personal data by the provisions legislation. And suppose there is a failure to protect the confidentiality of personal data. In that case, consumers can file legal remedies through complaints, civil lawsuits through court and alternative dispute resolution, or prosecution of providers.
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Karpii, O. "Board games market of Ukraine: current state and development prospects." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2022, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2022.02.244.
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The analyzed market of board games is quite widespread in the world. This market is only gaining momentum and becomes interesting in the future in Ukraine, as it is potentially large-scale and not yet saturated with goods. Indeed, the market is gradually changing and there was a particular jump during the lockdown when people got into board games. Therefore, the article reviews the board games market, which, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, had a different impact on the enterprise’s activities in this field of activity. Thus, in the retail market, we are observing a decrease in sales volumes and the shopping areas closure, the world-class festivals closure or cancellation. We are observing the e-commerce activation and an increase in the sales volume through the Internet on the other hand. The review of the world market made it possible to identify the main players who are active in such European countries as Germany, France, Poland and the American market - in the USA and Canada. Having analyzed the work of world-scale festivals, we were able to determine those options for cooperation between Ukrainian producers and idea owners that allow promoting novelties on the national market. The sales volume structure of board games by the largest manufacturers, including TAKA MAKA, Feelindigo, Bombat Game, Danto, Thinkers and Kozak Games, is given. A brief description of the most famous board games, on which many generations grew up in the world and Ukrainian board games market, is given. Analysis of domestic sellers activities on the analyzed market made it possible to classify all types of board games. Since the consumer is the main target for the marketing activities of any board game manufacturer, consumer research has made it possible to identify the needs that consumers most often want to satisfy when buying board games today. Among the most important advantages is the possibility of having fun and developing the child. This is an important emphasis when conducting communication activities by board game developers. In addition, we conducted consumer segmentation through a study activities one of the largest stores on the board game market in Lviv – the Octopus store.
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Flagg, Jessica N., and Simona M. Hannon. "Small-Dollar Loans in the U.S.: Evidence from Credit Bureau Data." FEDS Notes, no. 2024-07-19-1 (July 2024): None. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3571.
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Small-dollar loans were brought into the spotlight in March 2020, when five agencies—the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)—issued a joint statement encouraging their supervised financial institutions to offer such loans to consumers and small businesses in response to the onset of the pandemic.
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Ajeng Tri Utami, Nurani. "Legal Analysis of Hospital Dispute Settlement through Mediation by Provincial Hospital Supervisory Board (BPRS)." SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185403016.
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Law No. 44 year 2009 on Hospitals mandates the establishment of the Hospital Supervisory Board (BPRS) at national and provincial levels. One of the duties of the Provincial Hospital Board of Supervisors, as mentioned in Article 60, is to receive complaints and to mediate the dispute resolution process. Previously, if the parties agree to use the settlement of the dispute with mediation, it only involves the hospital with the patient or the party who feels aggrieved, and the mediator if necessary. However, there are still hospitals or parties who are harmed by the hospital who directly sued to the court. This paper will explain normatively how the arrangements and obstacles on the dispute settlement of the hospital by means of mediation through BPRS. This research uses normative juridical method with statute approach and analytical approach. The result of this research will describe the arrangement comprehensively and constraint normatively about BPRS as a scientific information for the improvement of BPRS.
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Umar, Firmansyah, Fenty U. Puluhulawa, and Fence M. Wantu. "PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI CROSS BORDER E-COMMERCE SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBERIKAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM." Juris 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/juris.v7i2.1050.
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This article aims to know the consumer protection in transactioncross border e-commerceand consumer dispute resolution due to losses experienced by consumers in the transaction. This research is a normative legal research that uses secondary data such as legislation. Legal protection of consumers in transactions e-commerceis regulated by Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law No. 19 of 2016 on Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions. Zincleta settlement in cross border e-commerceinvolves various problems, especially related to standard clauses referring to foreign jurisdictions. The ITE Law provides a legal basis for e-commerce,but does not specifically regulate cross-border agreements, various methods of dispute resolution, such as mediation, arbitration, and ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) becomes relevant in this context. In conclusion, legal protection of consumers in cross-border e-commerceneeds to be strengthened. Dispute resolution involves the role of institutions such as the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) and the Indonesian National Arbitration Board (BANI), but the implementation of ODR can be an innovative solution to handle disputes efficiently, especially in the international sphere.need to be strengthened.
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Lumban Gaol, Christopher Panal. "Application of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on Helmets of Two-Wheeled Motor Vehicle Riders: Consumer Rights and Obligations of Business Actors." Journal of Progressive Law and Legal Studies 1, no. 01 (January 31, 2023): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/jplls.v1i01.31.
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This paper discusses the application of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on two-wheeled motorized vehicle helmets and its implications for consumer rights and obligations of business actors. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 79/M-IND/PER/9/2015, SNI for helmets of two-wheeled motorized vehicle riders is compulsorily enforced. Business actors who produce and/or import helmets must meet SNI requirements and have a product certificate using the SNI mark installed on the product. Consumers have rights protected by the Consumer Protection Law, including the right to comfort, security, and safety in consuming goods and/or services. They have the right to true, clear and honest information about helmet products, and have the right to raise opinions and complaints. If the helmet product does not comply with the agreement, the consumer is entitled to compensation and compensation. On the other hand, business actors have an obligation to provide true, clear, and honest information about the condition and guarantee of helmet products. They must treat consumers properly and honestly, as well as provide compensation, indemnity and replacement if the helmet product does not comply with the agreement. The Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for helmets of two-wheeled motorized vehicle riders, such as Helm SNI 1911:2007, specifies technical requirements related to materials, designs, and features that must be met by helmets. These requirements include materials that are strong, do not change by temperature changes, and do not cause irritation to the skin. The helmet design must also meet certain criteria, including height, ventilation, and bearing. Full face helmets and open face helmets have different technical requirements, such as ear protection, neck covers, shields, or chin caps for full face helmets, and hoods, protective linings, straps and more for open face helmets.In conclusion, this paper underlines the importance of applying SNI to two-wheeled motorized vehicle helmets to maintain product quality, safety, and comfort. Consumers have rights that must be protected, while business actors have the obligation to meet SNI requirements and provide good service to consumers. With SNI, it is hoped that two-wheeled motorized vehicle helmets on the market can meet the standards that have been set, so as to provide better protection for riders.
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Bekele, Yitagesu. "National Dialogue or Election Matters in Ethiopia: Critical Analysis Of The Current Political Situation And The 6th National Election." JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/joels.v3i1.7838.
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In Ethiopia, elections had conducted at different times. The first general election was held for the first time in 1992. Since then, the country has made five consecutive elections; however, almost all elections were accompanied by complaints of opposition parties, pre, and post-election conflicts. Nowadays Ethiopia has on the verge of disintegration due to ethnic conflict and political uncertainties that happen as the result of the absence of the elite’s consensus on varieties of national concerns, national and political questions raised by different ethnic groups that still unanswered. Surrounded by all the aforementioned problems the government held the sixth national election. Even if the election was said orderly, peaceful, and credible by some observatories accredited by the national election board of Ethiopia the election was not conducted in many parts of the country due to ethnic conflict. In line with this, the USA and EU said that the election was not democratic and credible because the current political atmosphere of the country not conducive to conduct elections due to major opposition parties boycotted them from the election, influential politicians have imprisoned and ethnic conflicts in many parts of the country. Therefore, to sustain the country as a unified state, to make the democratic political transition, to respond to the national and political questions of the citizens, to stop ethnic conflict, and to reach into consensus on national issues the government has better to initiating national dialogue process and made a viable peace agreement with all conflicting parties rather than holding an election nowadays.
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Na, Jiang, and Kang Linlin. "Legal problems of Chinese travelling at an unreasonable low price." Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal 7, no. 3 (May 23, 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2019.07.00275.
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Based on the definition and cause of formation of low-price travel, this paper finds out the defects of current laws and regulations in our country in dealing with this kind of phenomenon, and combines with the international rules, and proposes legal solutions to the unreasonable low-cost travel, which is a long-term unhealthy problem, from the perspective of the three major tourism entities： Through the development of Consumer Protection Law, Tourism Law, Guide Management Measures and other tourism-related laws, which are more authoritative and have more clear definition and stronger operability, to regulate the behavior of tourism practitioners and eliminate the chain of interests between tour operators and tour guides. To guide tourism consumers to establish correct consumption concepts and safeguard rights awareness through legal means and government services, for example, tourism-related departments can set up tourism service network platform and issue tourism service alerts. At the same time, China should make special provisions to protect the rights and interests of tourism consumers in the relevant laws and regulations on tourism, making full use of the coordination among laws such as the Consumer Protection Law, Tourism Law and Contract law, making clear in the law the channels of tourism complaints, litigation and relevant responsible departments, ensuring that the door is wide open for the protection of rights, and through expanding channels for the protection of rights to reduce the cost of rights protection and strengthen the protection of consumer rights in tourism. To establish and improve a modern tourism legal system based on the basic tourism law and supplemented by various tourism laws and regulations, considering the national conditions of China. At the same time, we should strengthen the provisions on legal relations in tourism in other laws, making good coordination among legal departments such as the Consumer Protection Law, Criminal Law, Tourism Law, and Contract law, so as to form multiple joint efforts and enhance comprehensive law enforcement, and ultimately to improve the government's legal supervision.
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Hardayni, Putri Ayu, Muin Fahmal, and Salmawati Salmawati. "FUNGSI BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN TERHADAP PEREDARAN MAKANAN IMPOR DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN." Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2023): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56087/qawaninjih.v4i1.448.
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Abstrack
This study aims to determine the function of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency on the circulation of imported food in realizing consumer protection. Knowing the factors that influence the effectiveness of the function of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency on the circulation of imported food in realizing consumer protection. This study uses empirical research methods by reviewing and analyzing the functions and factors of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency on the circulation of imported food in realizing consumer protection. The result of this study that The Function Of The Food and Drug Supervisory Agency on the circulation of imported food is to (1) Policy Making (2) Implementation Of Drug And Food Contro (3) Prosecution For Violations (4) Authority. The factor of the lack or still low legal awareness of consumers to make complaints or reports to both national consumer protection agencies and non-governmental consumer protection institutions will certainly also affect the quality of supervision by BBPOM. The recommendation of this research is that it is hoped that BPOM should be more active in supervising Imported Food circulating in the community. The need re-enhanced cooperation between state institutions related to control of imported food. These state institutions include the Directorate of General of Customs and Excise, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industry, POLRI, and many other state institutions who can be invited to work together to monitor the incoming imported food to Indonesia.
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan terhadap peredaran makanan impor dalam mewujudkan perlindungan. Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas fungsi Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan terhadap peredaran makanan impor dalam mewujudkan perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris dengan cara mengkaji dan menganalisis fungsi serta faktor Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan terhadap peredaran makanan Impor dalam mewujudkan perlindungan konsumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkannFungsi Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan terhadap peredaran makanan impor adalah Penyusunan Kebijakan (2) Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (3) Penindakan Terhadap Pelanggaran (4) Wewenang. Faktor kurangnya atau masih rendahnya kesadaran hukum konsumen untuk melakukan pengaduan atau pelaporan baik kepada lembaga perlindungan konsumen nasional maupun lembaga perlindungan konsumen swadaya masyarakat tentu juga akan berpengaruh kepada
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Ramchander, M. "Measuring consumer knowledge of life insurance products in South Africa." South African Journal of Business Management 47, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v47i2.61.
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The financial services industry is characterized by product suppliers having more information than consumers regarding product features and services. The purpose of this article is to explore this information asymmetry with particular reference to the life insurance industry. Financial advisors, acting as intermediaries, are charged with the task of resolving this asymmetry through mandatory disclosures demanded by regulation. In South Africa, the Financial Services Board (FSB) monitors, regulates and supervises the financial services industry through the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act of 2002 and The Code of Conduct for Financial Advisors. This paper distinguishes financial products from other products and highlights the need for disclosures regarding product features, by financial advisors. Using multistage sampling a national survey was conducted to establish whether consumers are knowledgeable of the features of basic insurance products. The findings were that consumers have a low to very low level of understanding of the features of basic insurance products. The study makes an important contribution to insurers’ understanding of consumers’ knowledge regarding the features of basic life insurance products. Furthermore, the findings would also contribute to insurersunderstanding the level to which intermediaries resolve the information asymmetry between product suppliers and consumers.
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Smith, J. H., and JS Horne. "Data privacy and DNA data." IASSIST Quarterly 47, no. 3-4 (December 14, 2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iq1094.
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The letter to the Editor is in response to the manuscript by Hertzog et al. (2023) titled "Data management instruments to Protect the personal information of Children and Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa." The letter elaborates on personal data protection, particularly the POPI Act's data management requirements; the DNA Act mandates specific measures to ensure the data integrity and security of the NFDD's information. In addition, it criminalises the misuse or compromise of the data's integrity within the NFDD. In addition, the DNA Act established the National Forensic Oversight and Ethical Board (NFOEB), which is responsible for overseeing ethical compliance, implementing the Act, and preserving data integrity within the NFDD. The NFOEB is also responsible for investigating any complaints regarding DNA forensics and the management of the NFDD.
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Kordos, Jan. "My memories of some research papers in statistics." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 62, no. 5 (May 26, 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0896.
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The author presents a general overview of his contacts with „Statistical News" and research topics covered by the journal. He recalls the first editors-in-chief and cooperation with the editorial board. The author discusses some of his articles published in „Statistical News” devoted mainly to: sample surveys, quality of statistical data, methodology of poverty research and its analysis, consumer prices research, estimation method for small areas as well as total quality management (TQM). Finally, the author shares his reflections on 60 years of professional experience and mentions some of the achievements of national and foreign statisticians he cooperated with.
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Kusnara, Hasti Pramesti. "HUBUNGAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN JASA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PENGGUNA JASA PT. FRES INDONESIA (TRANSPORTATION, RENTAL CAR, AND BUS) BANDUNG." In Search 17, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37278/insearch.v17i1.44.
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One of the infrastructure that has grew is the highway that experienced rapid development , it can be seen from the emergence of the freeway that connects the city with other cities and the construction of new roads is carried up to the rural outposts , motor vehicle especially four wheel drive vehicles or cars have held an important role in society as a means of transportation . The growth of the national automotive industry has influenced the rapid car rental business in Indonesia. To win the competition is getting tougher PT . Fres INDONESIA ( TRANSPORTATION , RENTAL CAR , and BUS ) should be able to improve the quality of service , but in fact the quality of PT services. Fres INDONESIA is evidenced by the still low number of complaints from consumers . It makes basic PT . Fres INDONESIA ( TRANSPORTATION , RENTAL CAR , and BUS ) to further improve its service to satisfy all our customers , because it is basically an attempt to satisfy consumer is an effort to develop the quality of the goods or services of the company to satisfy the needs of consumers who meet or exceed the criteria desired by consumers . In this study the method used is descriptive method is the method by providing a systematic overview , factual , and accurate information on the facts and the correlation between the variables studied. Hypothesis test results t value greater than t table, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted , it means the quality of services affect customer satisfaction .
Keywords : Quality Care Services , Consumer Satisfaction
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Nichol, Michael B., and Lucy W. Michael. "Critical Analysis of the Content and Enforcement of Mandatory Consultation and Patient Profile Laws." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 9 (September 1992): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600920.
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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the experience of 12 states that mandate that pharmacists provide consult services to patients and maintain drug profiles. DATA SOURCES: An analysis of each state's statutes and regulations was complemented by telephone interviews of state licensing board staff. RESULTS: Nine states specify the information to be provided during consultations, but only one (Florida) requires a comprehensive list of drug information, including adverse drug reactions, drug—drug interactions, directions for use, and necessary warnings. Eleven of the 12 states also require pharmacists to maintain patient drug profiles, but only 6 states specify the type of information to be included in profiles. State efforts to inform consumers about the pharmacist consultation requirement are limited, with only 7 states undertaking minimal promotional programs. The fact that no states reported any consumer consultation complaints or disciplinary actions against pharmacists for failure to consult illustrates the limited nature of mandatory consultation statutes and regulations. CONCLUSIONS: The wide variety of requirements demonstrates that these laws do not represent a uniform standard of practice. The lack of documented evidence regarding implementation invites questions regarding their usefulness and reinforces the need for enhanced monitoring activities.
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Mardiya, Nuzul Qur'aini. "PENGAWASAN PERILAKU HAKIM MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI OLEH DEWAN ETIK." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.6.1.2017.25-40.
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The Constitutional Court has a code of ethics and behavior of judges the constitution as the legal basis to carry out profession ethics. Due to his duty, judge of the constitution had potentially breaking the code of conduct and behavior of judges. In order to oversee the conduct of judges the constitution formed The Board of Ethics Judge Constitution (DE-HK) who has authority to check and give decision regarding of the reports on complaints and information through the media/the community related to alleged violations the code of conduct and behavior of judges the constitution as well as a violation of law constitutional court. The Board would have the authority to impose sanctions verbally and if the offense heavy, the board recommended the formation of an assembly of honor of constitutional court and make propose of the suspension of the judge the constitution, and if not proven The Board rehabilitates judge that concerned. This study is done in a juridical manner normative by looking at an object or target of regulation research, legislation and materials law other related supervision the conduct of judges the constitution by the board. Hence, within the revision on constitutional court law in National Legislation Program, it's important to do institutional strengthening the board of conduct and to ripen position the tribunal honor judges to carries out surveillance and checks for violation code of ethics and behavior by the judges.Keywords: code of ethics and behavior, The Board Of Ethics Judge Constitution, judge, supervision
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Putri, Desi Aeriani, and Sri Walny Rahayu. "Mekanisme Perlindungan Konsumen Usaha Asuransi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 21, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v21i1.12412.
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Pasal 4 huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan disebutkan tujuan OJK agar keseluruhan kegiatan sektor jasa keuangan mampu melindungi konsumen antara lain di bidang usaha asuransi. Aturan lainnya disebutkan dalam Pasal 51 dan Pasal 52 Peraturan OJK Nomor 1 tahun 2013 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Sektor Jasa Keuangan disebutkan dalam melindungi konsumen OJK melakukan pengawasan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap penerapan perlindungan konsumen yang dilakukan pelaku usaha secara berkala. OJK melindungi tertanggung apabila adanya pengaduan dengan hanya memfasilitasi penyelesaian pengaduan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 39 ayat (3) POJK No.1/2013. Upaya yang dilakukan yaitu mempertemukan para pihak untuk mengkaji ulang permasalahan yang timbul atas penolakan klaim. Apabila terjadinya kesepakatan maka kesepakatan dituangkan dalam Akta Kesepakatan. Namun, para pihak dapat menyelesaikan melalui pengadilan atau Badan Mediasi dan Arbitrase Asuransi Indonesia (BMAI) jika tidak tercapainya kesepakatan. Mechanism of Insurance Consumer Protection by the Authority of Financial Services The article 4 (c) of Law No. 21 of 2011 on Financial Services Authority (UU OJK) mentioned that the purpose of Financial Services Authority (OJK) is all of activities from all sector of OJK to be able to protect the consumers and society including insurance business sector. The other regulation which is mentioned in article 51 and article 52 of the regulation of Financial Services Authority (OJK) No. 1 of 2013 on the protection for the consumer of financial service sector mentioned that in term of protecting the consumer, the financial services authority (OJK) conducts direct and indirect supervision towards the implementation of consumer protection which is done by the business actors regularly. OJK protects the insured parties if there is a complaint by only facilitating the settlement of complaints as stipulated in Article 39 paragraph (3) POJK No.1 / 2013. The effort which is conducted is that to bring the parties together to review the problems arising from the rejection of claims. If an agreement occurs, the agreement should be stated in the deed of agreement. However, the parties could do the settlement through the court or the Indonesian Insurance Mediation and Arbitration Board (BMAI) if no agreement is reached.