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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.
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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
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Smith, Phil, Grahame Collier, and Hazel Storey. "As Aussie as Vegemite: Building the Capacity of Sustainability Educators in Australia." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27, no. 1 (2011): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000161.
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AbstractVegemite, a thick, rich and salty product made from yeast extract, is a paste commonly spread on bread or toast in Australian households. This iconic product mirrors some of the unique aspects of this country. For example, Vegemite thinly spread is best. The population of this country is sparse across the wide lands, and the Australian environment with its thin soils, water shortages and intense climates, might also be described as spread thin. These aspects of context present challenges because Australia needs quality sustainability educators thick on the ground to deal with the many and diverse environmental issues.This paper describes the development of the Australian National Professional Development Initiative for Sustainability Educators (NPDISE) and how it was infuenced by the Australian context. Multiple challenges existed: the size of the country, its environmental conditions and rich biodiversity, distance and space between major centres, distribution of people and resources, understanding of and support for education, and three tiers of government – each with its own policies, programs and priorities. On top of this, the practice of sustainability education crosses multiple professional sectors and disciplines. All these challenges had to be taken into account.Research conducted by the Waste Management Association Australia in 2009 revealed that the needs of Australia's sustainability educators in overcoming many of these challenges were broadly consistent around Australia. This gave encouragement to the establishment of a national professional development approach for those working in the environmental education feld. This paper shows how four professional associations – Australian Association for Environmental Education, Waste Management Association Australia, Australian Water Association, and the Marine Education Society of Australasia – worked together for the frst time and approached these challenges whilst developing the NPDISE. A 1954 jingle said Vegemite would help children “grow stronger every single week”. The NPDISE represents a similar ethos with an emphasis on building the sector.
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Bradford, Clare. "Exporting Australia: National Identity and Australian Picture Books." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 20, no. 3 (1995): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0952.
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Oliver, Rhonda, Honglin Chen, and Stephen Moore. "Review of selected research in applied linguistics published in Australia (2008–2014)." Language Teaching 49, no. 4 (September 23, 2016): 513–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444816000148.
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This article reviews the significant and diverse range of research in applied linguistics published in Australia in the period 2008–2014. Whilst acknowledging that a great deal of research by Australian scholars has been published internationally during these seven years, this review is based on books, journal articles, and conference proceedings published in Australia. Many of these sources will be unfamiliar to an international audience, and the purpose of this article is to highlight this body of research and the themes emerging from it. The journals selected in this review includeAustralian Journal of Language and Literacy, Australian Review of Applied Linguistics (ARAL), BABEL, English in Australia, English Australia, Papers in Language Testing and Assessment, Prospect: An Australian Journal of TESOL, TESOL in Context, andUniversity of Sydney Papers in TESOL. Selected refereed proceedings are from key national conferences including: ALAA (Applied Linguistics Association of Australia), ACTA (Australian Council of TESOL Association), ASFLA (Australian Systemic Functional Linguistics Association), and ALS (Australian Linguistics Society). Our review of selected applied linguistics work revolves around the following themes: the responses to the needs of government planning and policy; the complexity of Australia's multicultural, multilingual society; the concern for recognizing context and culture as key factors in language and language learning; social activism in supporting language pedagogy and literacy programmes at all levels of education; and acknowledgement of the unique place held by Indigenous languages and Aboriginal English in the national linguistic landscape.
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Yasmeen, Samina. "Muslim in Australia: Celebrating National Days." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 2, no. 1-2 (March 2015): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798915577720.
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The new millennium has drawn renewed attention to Muslim presence in Australia despite the fact that the links between Muslims and the continent predate the European settlement. A complex set of informational, institutional, and political factors have shaped multiple identities of Muslims in the country with the set of views and identities ranging from orthodox to more modernist interpretations of what it means to be a Muslim in a majority non-Muslim state. The complexity is consistently being reinforced and rendered more complex due to the emergence of organizations, groups and forces that present what they assume to be the ‘definitive’ view of Islam. The phenomenon exists in both Muslim and non-Muslim communities in Australia. Among Muslims, this diversity has expressed itself, among other issues, with reference to national days that have come to symbolize Australian identity. This article will explore this diversity of views and responses with reference to Australia Day celebrations and the ANZAC Day. It argues that despite the presence of ideas promoting a global caliphate of Islam, as well as a tendency to present an essentialist nature of Islam and Muslims, the responses by Muslim communities in Australia have differed with respect to these national days—an indication of the flaws inherent in conceiving Muslim presence as a singular identity in Australia.
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Drew, Christopher. "The Spirit of Australia: Learning about Australian Childhoods in Qantas Commercials." Global Studies of Childhood 1, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2011.1.4.321.
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For over a decade the Qantas Spirit of Australia advertising campaign has worked to incite pride and nostalgia in Australian consumers. Its widespread success has led to four renewed television commercials, strategically released to coincide with key (inter)national sporting events, including the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 2004 Rugby World Cup. All four Spirit commercials feature children singing Peter Allen's I Still Call Australia Home in picturesque global and national landscapes. As a result of the Spirit campaign's widespread success, Peter Allen's song has become almost synonymous with the Qantas brand. The iconic Spirit commercials are exemplary in (re)affirming the public consciousness towards Australian childhood identity. Exploring national issues of freedom, race, youth and adventure, the commercials are situated among diverse social signs that attempt to typify Australian children. Influenced by post-structural theoretical frames, the author analyses the ‘social’ semiotic dimensions of these advertisements. His intention is to contribute to understandings of the discursive constitution of Australian childhoods in advertising. The unique iconic status of the Spirit campaign, he argues, lies in its capacity to be commensurate with, and (re)affirm, Australia's public perceptions of self and community.
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Russo, Philip L., Allen C. Cheng, Michael Richards, Nicholas Graves, and Lisa Hall. "Healthcare-associated infections in Australia: time for national surveillance." Australian Health Review 39, no. 1 (2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14037.
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Objective Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance programs are critical for infection prevention. Australia does not have a comprehensive national HAI surveillance program. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of established international and Australian statewide HAI surveillance programs and recommend a pathway for the development of a national HAI surveillance program in Australia. Methods This study examined existing HAI surveillance programs through a literature review, a review of HAI surveillance program documentation, such as websites, surveillance manuals and data reports and direct contact with program representatives. Results Evidence from international programs demonstrates national HAI surveillance reduces the incidence of HAIs. However, the current status of HAI surveillance activity in Australian states is disparate, variation between programs is not well understood, and the quality of data currently used to compose national HAI rates is uncertain. Conclusions There is a need to develop a well-structured, evidence-based national HAI program in Australia to meet the increasing demand for validated reliable national HAI data. Such a program could be leveraged off the work of existing Australian and international programs. What is known about the topic? There is a large volume of literature demonstrating the effectiveness of national HAI surveillance programs in reducing the incidence of HAIs. Although some of the larger states of Australia have individual programs, a formalised national program does not exist. A well structured national HAI program in Australia would improve the understanding of the epidemiology of HAIs in Australia and provide high quality data for performance monitoring and ensuring that HAI prevention interventions are targeted appropriately. What does this paper add? This paper reviews well established international HAI surveillance programs and highlights the benefits and limitations of these programs, and identifies the gaps that currently exist in Australia. The paper then maps out a pathway towards the development of a national program. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper will act as a guide for future research and policy activities required for the establishment of a national HAI surveillance program in Australia.
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Gilpin, Chris, and Janet Fyfe. "MIRU: the national tuberculosis genotyping strategy in Australia." Microbiology Australia 25, no. 4 (2004): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma04434.
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Tuberculosis remains a low prevalence disease in Australia, with approximately 800 new bacteriologically confirmed cases detected each year. In Australia, this low incidence rate corresponds to less than five cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence occurs in migrants from high prevalence countries followed by indigenous Australian-born people. Among non-indigenous Australians, tuberculosis most often occurs among elderly males, largely due to re-activation of latent tuberculosis.
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Lehmann, Caitlyn. "Editorial." Children Australia 42, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.44.
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Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).
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Isbell, RF. "A brief history of national soil classification in Australia since the 1920s." Soil Research 30, no. 6 (1992): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920825.
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Modern soil science concepts and ideas relating to classification were introduced into Australia in the late 1920's by J. A. Prescott who, in 1931 and 1944, also produced the first maps of Australia showing the broad soil zones. This was followed up in the fifties by C. G. Stephens who formalised the Great Soil Group concept in his Manual of Australian Soils (1953) and in 1961 produced a map and publication titled The Soil Landscapes of Australia. Around this time however, other ideas were being put forward, notably by E. G. Hallsworth and colleagues, and especially by G. W. Leeper, whose original ideas on classification were to provide the foundation for the Factual Key of K. H. Northcote (1960a), which was used as the basis of the Atlas of Australian Soils project (1960-68). The Great Soil Group concept of Stephens was amplified in 1968 in A Handbook of Australian Soils (Stace et al. 1968) which was produced for the Adelaide International Society of Soil Science Congress. This review also considers the role of numerical methods and of Soil Taxonomy in Australia and concludes that while neither are likely to provide the most suitable scheme for Australia, the use of the latter to identify our soils must be encouraged so that the rest of the world is able to relate to our published soil research. Currently, the Factual Key and Handbook classifications are both used in Australia. Both are obsolescent as they date from the early sixties and the vast amount of soils knowledge accumulated since then, particularly in tropical Australia, has not been incorporated into either system. Their deficiencies have led over the past seven years to the development of a new Australian Classification System (a five-level hierarchial general purpose scheme with mutually exclusive classes identified by keys). This scheme is now being tested throughout Australia.
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Rajkhowa, Arjun. "'Team Australia': Reviewing Australian nationalism." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i1.150.
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This essay reviews different notions about and approaches to nationalism in Australia in the year 2014 as seen through media commentary generated by the incumbent conservative Coalition government’s declaration of new anti-terror initiatives (September-October 2014) and Prime Minister Tony Abbott’s use of the metaphor ‘Team Australia’. The aim is to shed light on divergent understandings of the place of nationalism in contemporary Australian politics and society. Nationalism can be both a means of engendering electoral and political affiliation and a more diffuse sentiment that pervades broader community ties in ways that go beyond mediated mobilisation. Multiculturalism as a trope, construct and category of political analysis serves as a useful context within which competing claims of national identity and nationalism may be examined. Multiculturalism is a well-embedded notion in Australia. However, continuing conflicts and international events constantly re-inflect understandings of nationalism and national unity against the backdrop of Australian multiculturalism. This essay surveys approaches to Abbott’s declarations and poses queries for future research on discourse and nationalism in Australia.
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Perry, Barbara. "The Pictorial Collection of the National Library of Australia." Art Libraries Journal 13, no. 1 (1988): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200005526.
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The National Library of Australia at Canberra includes a Pictorial Collection comprising paintings, drawings, prints and photographs which illustrate the history of Australia. The Collection is being actively developed, the ultimate goal being a comprehensive visual record of all aspects of Australian life. The Collection is open to the public, and is served by a photographic unit; a selection of pictures are always on display, and items are lent to exhibitions elsewhere. A publications programme is to culminate in the production of an illustrated catalogue. Data on selected items in the Collection is being entered into the Australian Bibliographic Network database.
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Dalton, Vicki. "Death and Dying in Prison in Australia: National Overview, 1980–1998." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27, no. 3 (1999): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1999.tb01461.x.
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This paper discusses the role of the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) in monitoring inmate deaths in custody on a national basis. It also provides a descriptive overview of Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous inmate deaths in custody during the eighteen-year period between 1980 and 1998.In October 1987, the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC) commenced investigating the deaths of Australia's Indigenous people in custody throughout Australia between January 1, 1980 and May 31, 1989. RCIADIC's task was to examine the circumstances of the deaths; the actions taken by authorities; and the underlying causes of Indigenous deaths in custody, including social, cultural, and legal factors. The investigation found that the major factor contributing to the high number of Indigenous deaths in custody was the disproportionately higher rates at which Indigenous people come into contact with the criminal justice system. RCIADIC concluded that the most significant reason for this contact was the severely disadvantaged social, economic, and cultural position of many Indigenous people.
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Alexander, Margaret. "NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AUSTRALIA." AICCM Bulletin 15, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bac.1989.15.1-2.013.
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Seneviratne, Aruna, and Terry Percival. "National ICT Australia (NICTA)." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 35, no. 3 (July 2005): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1070873.1070880.
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Ragg, Mark. "Australia: National health policy." Lancet 341, no. 8854 (May 1993): 1206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91021-d.
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Hall, A. R. "National planning in Australia." Australian Planner 49, no. 1 (March 2012): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2012.670062.
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Seale, Holly, C. Raina MacIntyre, Heather F. Gidding, J. L. Backhouse, Dominic E. Dwyer, and Lyn Gilbert. "National Serosurvey of Cytomegalovirus in Australia." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 11 (September 6, 2006): 1181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00203-06.
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ABSTRACT In anticipation of the development of a vaccine against cytomegalovirus (CMV), we conducted a large, nationally representative serosurvey to examine the seroprevalence of CMV in Australia. Sera were collected opportunistically from laboratories around Australia. Age- and gender-representative samples were tested for CMV antibody. The population-weighted rate of CMV seropositivity in subjects between 1 and 59 years of age was 57% (95% confidence interval, 55.2 to 58.6%). An association between CMV seroprevalence and increasing age was recognized; however, little overall difference in seroprevalence between the sexes was found. The finding that high levels of CMV exposure occur in the first few years of life suggests that for a universal vaccination program to have maximal impact, the vaccine would need to be delivered to infants and have a long duration of protective efficacy. This is the first national serosurvey looking at cytomegalovirus in the Australian community. This study provides valuable information that can be used to examine the incidence of infection in the community and help focus the administration of a future CMV vaccine to appropriate target populations.
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Biskup, Peter. "State Libraries in Australia." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 6, no. 2 (August 1994): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909400600204.
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Australia is a federation of six states, two self-governing territories and a number of external territories. The state libraries were modelled on the British Museum Library and saw themselves as ‘national’ institutions, with a mandate to collect ‘books of all languages and descriptions’. Until the 1950s they remained the backbone of the Australian library system. By 1962, with the expansion of university education, the holdings of the university libraries for the first time equalled the combined resources of the state libraries and the National Library of Australia (NLA). The other development that transformed the post-war library scene was the emergence of the NLA itself from the relative obscurity of the pre-war years. The rivalry that grew up between the state libraries and the NLA was eventually put to rest by a number of factors, including the creation of the Australian Bibliographic Network and the resulting National Bibliographic Database, which made all types of library more interdependent; also the enforced sharing of the new poverty of the 1980s and the early 1990s. However, the state libraries themselves are now better housed, leaner and more efficiently run than they were even a decade ago. The 5.2 million volumes they hold account for almost 13% of the nation's bibliographic resources.
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McKay, Clare, and Alex Gardner. "Water Accounting Information and Confidentiality in Australia." Federal Law Review 41, no. 1 (March 2013): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.41.1.5.
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A key objective of Australia's recent national water reforms is to keep water licence and entitlement holders accountable for the amounts of water they extract, trade and use. Water metering and the recording and reporting of water extraction and trading data are processes designed to ensure this accountability, and are central to Australia's water accounting regimes. Yet much of the data necessary to ensure compliance with water licences and access entitlements is not publicly available in Australia. This absence of publicly accessible information is due to a lack of rigour and transparency in statutory water accounting regimes. There are also restrictions imposed by water legislation and the laws of privacy and confidentiality that prevent public access to water accounting data, except in aggregated form. Consequently, commercial and industrial water consumers in Australia are not kept accountable for their consumptive water use and water market objectives are unfulfilled, contrary to the express provisions of the Intergovernmental Agreement on a National Water Initiative (‘NWI’). This article argues that statutory and policy frameworks for water accounting in most Australian jurisdictions fail to meet the NWI objectives for national water accounting. In response, it advocates legislative reforms that would facilitate the achievement of these objectives.
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Robertson, A. G., M. G. Leclercq, and S. Poke. "(A235) Australian Medical Assistance Teams in Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002214.
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Western Australia (WA) was one of the first states in Australia to deploy medical team members to the tsunami-stricken regions of the Maldives and Banda Aceh in 2004. This early experience led the WA Department of Health to develop and pilot these teams locally and to progress a national model for their future development, which could be implemented further by other Australian jurisdictions. Further experience with these teams in Yogyakarta after the 2006 Java earthquake, Karratha after Tropical Cyclone George in 2007, Ashmore Reef after the 2009 boat explosion, Samoa after the 2009 tsunami, and during the Pakistan floods in 2010 have signaled both the utility of the Australian Medical Assistance Teams (AUSMATs) and the commitment by the Australian Commonwealth and State Governments to utilize these teams in both domestic and international settings. This presentation will examine the implementation of the AUSMAT model in Australia over the last five years, the modifications to the original model to suit the unique geographical and resource challenges faced by Australian teams, both within and outside Australia, and the lessons learned from recent team deployments. The challenges of delivering health care over vast, sparsely populated distances, and the inherent and increasing natural and industrial disaster threats in the Asia-Pacific region, have contributed to the modification of the model to ensure that the AUSMATs are flexible, modular, and capable of responding to a variety of major incidents. The national model continues to evolve to ensure that well prepared, equipped and trained civilian AUSMATS remain able to effectively deploy to a mass casualty situation in Australia's area of interest.
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Collins, Jock, and Carol Reid. "Immigrant Teachers in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (November 5, 2012): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i2.2553.
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One of the features of contemporary society is the increasing global mobility of professionals. While the education industry is a key site of the demand for contemporary global professional migration, little attention has been given to the global circulation of education professionals. Over past decades, immigrant teachers have been an important component of skilled and professional immigration into Australia, there is no comprehensive contemporary national study of the experiences of immigrant teachers in Australia. This article aims to fill this gap and to answer questions about their decision to move to Australia, their experience with Australian Education Departments in getting appointed to a school, their experiences as teachers in the classroom and in their new Australian community. It draws on primary data sources - in the form of a survey of 269 immigrant teachers in schools in NSW, SA and WA conducted in 2008-9 - and secondary sources - in the form of the 2006 national census and Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants in Australia – to provide insights into immigrant teachers in Australian schools, adding also to our understanding of Australia’s contemporary immigration experience.
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Stein, J. L., M. F. Hutchinson, and J. A. Stein. "A new stream and nested catchment framework for Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2013): 15433–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-15433-2013.
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Abstract. Nationally framed assessment and planning assists coordination of resource management activities across jurisdictional boundaries and provides context for assessing the cumulative effects of impacts that can be underestimated by local or regional studies. However, there were significant shortcomings in the existing spatial frameworks supporting national assessment and planning for Australia's rivers and streams. We describe the development of a new national stream and nested catchment framework for Australia that includes a fully connected and directed stream network and a nested catchment hierarchy derived using a modified Pfafstetter scheme. The directed stream network with associated catchment boundaries and Pfafstetter coding respect all distributary junctions and topographically driven surface flow pathways including across the areas of low relief and internal drainage that make up over half of the Australian continent. The Pfafstetter coding facilitates multi-scale analyses and easy tracing and query of upstream/downstream attributes and tributary/main stem relationships. Accompanying the spatial layers are 13 lookup tables containing nearly 400 attributes describing the natural and anthropogenic environment of each of the 1.4M stream segments across the Australian continent at multiple spatial scales (segment, sub-catchment and catchment). The database supplies key spatial layers to support national water information and accounting needs and assists a wide range of research, planning and assessment tasks at regional and continental scales. These include the delineation of reporting units for the Australian Water Resources Assessment, the development of an ecohydrological environment classification for Australian streams and the identification of high conservation value aquatic ecosystems for northern Australia.
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Moreno, Margarita, and Anne Xu. "The National Library of Australia's document supply service: a brief overview." Interlending & Document Supply 38, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02641611011025299.
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PurposeThis paper aims to describe the role of the National Library of Australia in the Australian interlibrary loan environment, not just in terms of providing access to National Library collections through the document supply service, but also in providing infrastructure to support interlibrary loans across Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the various roles the National Library plays in the interlibrary loan/document delivery environment in Australia. It covers the document supply service and the Libraries Australia service, which provides the infrastructure that supports interlibrary loans/document delivery in Australia, and briefly reports on the evaluation of services currently being undertaken.FindingsProviding access to library collections is complex and constantly changing. Client expectations are increasing, and libraries need to change traditional practices to meet user needs.Originality/valueThe paper covers the services offered by the National Library of Australia in supporting interlibrary loans/document delivery. Very few papers cover this topic.
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Long, R., K. Cooper, A. Woods, C. Biondi, J. Luzuriaga, P. Jackson, C. Anderiesz, C. Giles, and H. Zorbas. "‘Bridging the Continuum' - Reporting Population-Level Trends Across the Continuum of Care: The Australian National Cancer Control Indicator (NCCI) Web Site." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 78s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.61200.
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Background: High-quality data can assist the development of policy and cancer strategies, stimulate lines of research, and inform the provision of care leading to better cancer outcomes. In November 2017 Cancer Australia launched the National Cancer Control Indicators (NCCI) Web site ( https://ncci.canceraustralia.gov.au ), Australia's first interactive Web site of cancer-specific, national population-based data across the continuum of care. The NCCI Web site presents a set of indicators for monitoring national cancer trends and benchmarking internationally across seven key aspects of cancer control; prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, psychosocial care, research and outcomes. Aim: By presenting a set of indicators using seven domains from the cancer care continuum, the NCCI Web site presents the most current Australian national data for a range of cancer control indicators in an accessible and interactive format. The primary aim of the NCCI Web site (hosted as part of the Cancer Australia Web site) is to monitor and report the most recent population-level trends to drive improvements across the cancer control continuum in Australia, and to facilitate international benchmarking of Australia's cancer control efforts. Methods: National data level on 33 individual measures across the seven cancer continuum domains was accessed from both government and nongovernment data custodians. Where applicable and available for measures, data were disaggregated and presented by age, sex, indigenous status, remoteness area of residence and socioeconomic status. Review of the data analysis was undertaken by 46 external reviewers including data custodians and subject matter experts. Results: Example summary data from several indicators across the NCCI Web site, including demographic disaggregation by age, sex, remoteness area of residence and socioeconomic status (where available) will be provided. e.g., • Smoking prevalence has decreased substantially over the past 30 years, and smoking rates among both adolescents and adults in Australia are among the lowest in the world. • Cancer mortality rates have been falling steadily since 1995, across most cancer types. Australia has lower mortality rates from cancer when compared with most other similar developed countries, about 6% lower than the estimated global average in 2012. National population-level data showing incidence by stage at diagnosis for the top five most common cancers has also been reported on the Web site - making Australia one of the few countries in the world where these data are available. Conclusion: The NCCI Web site is a flagship data Web site providing, for the first time, an evolving high-level national data resource to monitor Australian population-level trends in cancer control across the continuum. As one of the very few cross-continuum cancer reporting resources in the world, this is a valuable resource for use by those within the international cancer control community.
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Warren, Matthew, and Shona Leitch. "Protection of Australia in the Cyber Age." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 1, no. 1 (January 2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2011010104.
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Australia has developed sophisticated national security policies and physical security agencies to protect against current and future security threats associated with critical infrastructure protection and cyber warfare protection. In this paper, the authors examine some common security risks that face Australia and how government policies and strategies have been developed and changed over time, for example, the proposed Australian Homeland Security department. This paper discusses the different steps that Australia has undertaken in relation to developing national policies to deal with critical infrastructure protection.
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Nam, Yun Tae. "A Study on the National Symbol Objects Symbol System of Australia - Focused on National Flag, Coat of Arms, National Anthem, National Animal, National Flower -." Journal of The Korean Society of Illustration Research 64 (September 30, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37379/jksir.2020.64.08.
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Stein, J. L., M. F. Hutchinson, and J. A. Stein. "A new stream and nested catchment framework for Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 5 (May 22, 2014): 1917–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1917-2014.
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Abstract. Nationally framed assessment and planning assists coordination of resource management activities across jurisdictional boundaries and provides context for assessing the cumulative effects of impacts that can be underestimated by local or regional studies. However, there have been significant shortcomings in the existing spatial frameworks supporting national assessment and planning for Australia's rivers and streams. We describe the development of a new national stream and nested catchment framework for Australia that includes a fully connected and directed stream network and a nested catchment hierarchy derived using a modified Pfafstetter scheme. The directed stream network with associated catchment boundaries and Pfafstetter coding respect all distributary junctions and topographically driven surface flow pathways, including those in the areas of low relief and internal drainage that make up over half of the Australian continent. The Pfafstetter coding facilitates multi-scale analyses and easy tracing and query of upstream/downstream attributes and tributary/main stem relationships. Accompanying the spatial layers are 13 lookup tables containing nearly 400 attributes describing the natural and anthropogenic environment of each of the 1.4 M stream segments at multiple spatial scales (segment, sub-catchment and catchment). The database supplies key spatial layers to support national water information and accounting needs and assists a wide range of research, planning and assessment tasks at regional and continental scales. These include the delineation of reporting units for the Australian Water Resources Assessment, the development of an ecohydrological environment classification for Australian streams and the identification of high conservation value aquatic ecosystems for northern Australia.
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Pacey, Fiona, Jennifer Smith-Merry, James Gillespie, and Stephanie D. Short. "National health workforce regulation." International Journal of Health Governance 22, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-01-2016-0005.
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Purpose In 2010, Australia introduced the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for the health professions (the Australian scheme) creating a legislative framework for a national system of health workforce regulation, delivering a model of collective (and multi-level) government involvement in regulatory activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine how its governance arrangement compares to different national systems and other health regulatory bodies in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative case study is informed by documentary analysis in conjunction with policy mapping. This is part of a larger project investigating the policy pathway which led to establishment of the Scheme. The authors compare the Scheme with other Australian health standard setting and regulatory bodies. Findings The Australian scheme’s governance model supported existing constitutional arrangements, and enabled local variations. This facilitated the enduring interest of ministers (and governments) on matters of health workforce and articulated the activities of the new regulatory player. It maintains involvement of the six states and two territories, with the Commonwealth Government, and profession-specific boards and accreditation agencies. This resulted in a unique governance framework delivering a new model of collective ministerial responsibility. The governance design is complex, but forges a new way to embed existing constitutional arrangements within a tripartite arrangement that also delivers National Boards specific to individual health professions and an organisation to administer regulatory activities. Originality/value This study demonstrates that effective design of governance arrangements for regulatory bodies needs to address regulatory tasks to be undertaken as well as the existing roles, and ongoing interests of governments in participating in those regulatory activities. It highlights that a unique arrangement, while appearing problematic in theory may in practice deliver intended regulatory outcomes.
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Helmiyana, Nurlaily. "Analisis Kebijakan Kevin Rudd terkait Pencari Suaka di Australia dalam PNG Solutions." Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 12, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/politeia.v12i2.3918.
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Papua New Guinea Solution is a bilateral relationship between Australia under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Papua New Guinea regarding anti-resettlement conducted by people who want to access Australia and obtain refugee status by boat. This solution was taken after Kevin Rudd who came from the Australian Labor Party sent Pacific Solutions which had been used during Prime Minister Howard's administration. The difference in efforts to overcome the arrival of aid can be seen by using the Bureaucratic Model in its analysis. This effort was carried out with the aim of securing Australia. The problem is that Australia ratified the 1951 Refugees conference. The essence of PNG Solutions is individuals or groups who come to Australia who can pass Australia, and without a visa and a clear identity are not allowed into Australia and will be sent in Papua New Guinea. Australia's national interests can hurt ratified conventions. This study uses a qualitative method using secondary resources, and analysis uses the concept of securitization and uses Barry Buzan's research in his book People, State, and Fear. Then the policy analysis is taken by Prime Minister Rudd by using the Bureaucratic Model due to bargaining in Australia's domestic politics.
Keywords: PNG Solutions, Asylum Seeker, Australia’s Foreign Policy
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Bobis, Janette. "International Update: a National Australian Statement on Mathematics." Arithmetic Teacher 40, no. 8 (April 1993): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.40.8.0486.
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A National Statement on Mathematics for Australian Schools (Australian Education Council and the Curriculum Corporation 1991) wa released in July 1991. This document is the result of a collaborative project whose recommendations are to be implemented by the State and Territory Government education systems in Australia. It does not prescribe a panicularcurriculum but supplies a framework around which system and schools in the proces of planning can structure their mathematic curriculum.
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Spigelman, Allan D., Shane Rendalls, Mary-Louise McLaws, and Ashleigh Gray. "Antimicrobial stewardship: Australia." International Journal of Health Governance 21, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-02-2016-0010.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the context for strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance in Australia, which may provide valuable learnings for other jurisdictions. Design/methodology/approach – Non-systematic review of literature from websites of national, state and territory health departments and interviews with key stakeholders for Australian strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Findings – In July 2015 all states and territories in Australia adopted the National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-2019, which is built on the World Health Organization policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance. This strategy represents “the collective, expert views of stakeholders on how best to combat antimicrobial resistance in Australia. It will also support global and regional efforts, recognising that no single country can manage the threat of antimicrobial resistance alone”. It combines quantitative and qualitative monitoring strategies with frameworks and guidelines to improve management of the use of antimicrobial resistant drugs. Prior to this, health services and states developed and implemented initiatives aimed at monitoring and improving prescribing practices. Development of the national strategy has encouraged and fostered debate within the Australian health system and a raft of new policy initiatives. Research limitations/implications – Surveillance strategies are in place to monitor impact and trends at jurisdictional and sector levels. However, actual impact on antimicrobial resistance and prescribing practices remains to be seen as existing initiatives are expanded and new initiatives implemented. Practical implications – This overview of key Australian initiatives balancing quantitative and qualitative surveillance, accreditation, research, education, community awareness and price signals on antibiotic prescribing practices may be valuable to health systems in developing local strategies. Originality/value – The authors provide an up to date overview of the context, strategies and aims of antimicrobial stewardship in Australia.
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Bilous, Rebecca H. "Macassan/Indigenous Australian ‘sites of memory’ in the National Museum of Australia and Australian National Maritime Museum." Australian Geographer 42, no. 4 (December 2011): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2012.619953.
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Doyle, H. "Geophysics in Australia." Earth Sciences History 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 178–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.2.386k258604262836.
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Geophysical observations began in Australia with the arrival of the first European explorers in the late 18th Century and there have been strong connections with European and North American geophysics ever since, both in academic and exploration geophysics. Government institutions, particularly the Bureau of Mineral Resources, have played a large part in the development of the subject in Australia, certainly more so than in North America. Academic research in geophysics has been dominated by that at the Australian National University. Palaeomagnetic research at the Australian National University has been particularly valuable, showing the large northerly drift of the continent in Cainozoic times as part of the Australia-India plate. Heat flow, electrical conductivity and upper mantle seismic velocities have been shown to be significantly different between Phanerozoic eastern Australia and the Western Shield. Geophysical exploration for metals and hydrocarbons began in the 1920s but did not develop strongly until the 1950s and 1960s. There are relatively few Australian geophysical companies and contracting companies, and instrumentation from North America and Europe have played an important role in exploration. Exploration for metals has been hampered by the deep weathered mantle over much of the continent, but the development of pulsed (transient) electromagnetic methods, including an Australian instrument (SIROTEM), has improved the situation. Geophysics has been important in several discoveries of ore-bodies. In hydrocarbon exploration the introduction of common depth point stacking and digital recording and processing in reflection surveys have played an important part in the discovery of offshore and onshore fields, as in other countries.
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Smolicz, J. J. "National Policy on Languages: A Community Language Perspective." Australian Journal of Education 30, no. 1 (April 1986): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418603000103.
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A brief historical review of language policies in Australia up to the publication of the Senate Standing Committee's Report on a National Language Policy in 1984 is given. The recommendations of the Report are discussed in the light of the ethno-cultural or core value significance that community languages have for many minority ethnic groups in Australia. Recent research findings on such languages are presented and their implications for a national language policy considered. It is postulated that the linguistic pluralism generated by the presence of community languages needs to be viewed in the context of a framework of values that includes English as the shared language for all Australians. From this perspective, it is argued that the stress that the Senate Committee Report places upon the centrality of English in Australia should be balanced by greater recognition of the linguistic rights of minorities and their implications for bilingual education. It is pointed out that both these aspects of language policy have been given prominence in recent statements and guidelines released by the Ministers of Education in Victoria and South Australia. The paper concludes by pointing to the growing interest in the teaching of languages other than English to all children in Australian schools.
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Pamulatsih, Heni Yekti, and Anak Agung Banyu Perwita. "Bhayangkara and Platypus: The Cooperation between Indonesian National Police (Polri) and Australian Federal Police (AFP) in Dealing With Terrorism Threat in the Post of Lombok Treaty." Indonesian Perspective 5, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ip.v5i2.33957.
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Terrorism has become the utmost concern of many countries in the world including Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia and Australia have signed a security agreement on 13 November 2006, which was known as Lombok Treaty to promote security relations between the two countries. This article aimed to discuss the security cooperation between Indonesia and Australia especially between Indonesian National Police and Australian Federal Police cooperation in addressing terrorism threat in Indonesia. By using descriptive qualitative method, this article scrutinizes the implementation of security cooperation especially cooperation between Indonesian National Police (POLRI) and Australian Federal Police (AFP) during 2012-2017. It was found that the type and the nature of cooperation between the two police institution could be divided into several dimension. It covered to further build cybercrime investigation satellite office (CCISO), increase personnel capacity building, and promote intelligence exchange to address terrorism threat.
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Woodward, Michael Clifford, and Erin Woodward. "A national survey of memory clinics in Australia." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 4 (August 2009): 696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209009156.
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ABSTRACTBackground:There is limited information describing memory clinics at a national level in Australia. The aim of this study was to gather information about the resourcing, practices and clinical diagnoses of Australian memory clinics.Methods:A postal survey was sent to all Australian memory clinics identified by key specialists working in dementia assessment services.Results:Of 23 surveys sent out, 14 were returned. Most clinics are located in Victoria where they receive Victorian state funding. The average clinic has 1.67 effective full time clinical staff including 0.42 medical staff, 0.24 allied health staff, 0.53 clinical nursing staff and 0.48 psychologists. Clinics are open on average twice a week and each half-day clinic has two new and three review patients, seeing new patients twice initially then once more over 12 months. Patients wait 10 weeks for initial assessment with 59% referred by general practitioners. The Mini-mental State Examination and clock drawing are utilized universally. The most common diagnoses are Alzheimer's disease (37.8%) and mild cognitive impairment (19.8%) but 6.9% of patients have no cognitive impairment.Conclusions:This survey has provided useful benchmarking data on Australian memory clinics which can also be used by other countries for comparative analyses.
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JPT staff, _. "Engineers Australia A National Forum." Journal of Petroleum Technology 61, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1009-0080-jpt.
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EDWARDS, PHILIP G. "THE AUSTRALIA TELESCOPE NATIONAL FACILITY." Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society 30, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/pkas.2015.30.2.655.
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Bartlett, A. G. "National forest strategy for Australia." Australian Forestry 51, no. 4 (January 1988): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1988.10676045.
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Walker, David. "National Narratives: Australia in Asia." Media History 8, no. 1 (June 2002): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688800220134518.
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Haddad, Peter. "The National Library of Australia." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 12, no. 2 (August 2000): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900001200206.
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Rée, Hugo. "National HIV Strategy in Australia." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 13, no. 11 (November 1999): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1999.13.639.
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Rosenfeldt, Franklin. "National cardiac databases for Australia." Heart, Lung and Circulation 10, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2892.2001.00058.x.
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Gidding, Heather. "Australia?s national serosurveillance program." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 14, no. 5 (2003): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb03027.
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Goddard, Jacqui, and Alice Yates. "The National Trust in Australia." Journal of Architectural Conservation 13, no. 1 (January 2007): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2007.10784990.
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Grant, Jill. "The National Ecotourism Programme: Australia." Tourism Recreation Research 20, no. 1 (January 1995): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.1995.11014735.
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de Prazer, Vicki. "CPIG Australia National Chair’s Report." International Coaching Psychology Review 14, no. 2 (2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsicpr.2019.14.2.102.
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de Prazer, Vicki. "CPIG Australia National Chair’s Report." International Coaching Psychology Review 15, no. 1 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsicpr.2020.15.1.83.
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Laughland-Booÿ, Jacqueline, Zlatko Skrbiš, and Bruce Tranter. "Narratives of nationhood: Young Australians’ concepts of nation and their attitudes towards ‘boat people’." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317704991.
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In Australia, questions surrounding national identity often feature in public discussions on asylum seekers. Using qualitative interview data collected from 40 participants in an ongoing study of young people in Queensland, we explore the connections between young people’s understandings of Australian national identity and their attitudes towards ‘boat people’. We identify distinct points of interconnection and disjuncture between participants’ notions of being ‘Australian’ and their thoughts on how Australia should respond to asylum seekers. With respect to the asylum seeker debate, we find narratives of Australian nationhood are flexible in interpretation and can serve contrasting and competing functions.