Journal articles on the topic 'National Allied Relief Committee'
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1
ZWEIG, RONALD W. "FEEDING THE CAMPS: ALLIED BLOCKADE POLICY AND THE RELIEF OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS IN GERMANY, 1944–1945." Historical Journal 41, no. 3 (September 1998): 825–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x98008012.
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In the twelve months preceding the end of the Second World War, the International Committee of the Red Cross and various voluntary organizations acting with the Red Cross, were able to dispatch food parcels to increasingly large numbers of concentration camp inmates in Germany and German-controlled territory. As Allied pressure on Germany increased during the last months of the war, the possibilities of sending large-scale relief into the camps prior to their liberation expanded dramatically. However, Allied blockade policy was so deeply entrenched that it was almost impossible for these possibilities to be fully exploited. Official relief agencies failed to convince Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) that improving the rations of the camp inmates would not strengthen the German working force but would alleviate the problems that SHAEF itself would confront when it liberated the camps shortly thereafter.
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Best, Linda. "Book Review: Australian Allied Health Classification System, Version I, National Allied Health Casemix Committee, September 1997." Health Information Management 27, no. 4 (December 1997): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335839802700413.
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HUMBERT, LAURE. "THE FRENCH IN EXILE AND POST-WAR INTERNATIONAL RELIEF, c. 1941–1945." Historical Journal 61, no. 4 (November 2, 2017): 1041–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000279.
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AbstractThis article explores Free French responses to Allied planning for post-war international relief in Europe. A number of French experts in exile, often veterans of the League of Nations, advocated international co-operation with the nascent United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). For such figures, participating in the UNRRA could bring critical knowledge, political legitimacy, experience, and funds. They also hoped that this participation could bolster French prestige in the wake of the recent experience of defeat and foreign occupation. Their efforts had little impact on the early development of international relief, yet the contacts and exchanges between French and Allied planners resulted in a political imperative that gave a new impetus to the post-war restructuring of French relief abroad. Studying the complex inter-relationship between French foreign policy and humanitarian efforts during the Second World War can offer historians a framework through which to reconsider French attempts to reassert their power globally. Crucially, this article argues that the UNRRA was used by a number of French expert planners as a platform from which to pursue broader political aims, notably the reassertion of republican legitimacy and the re-establishment of national sovereignty.
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Romano, Terrie M. "The Associate Committees on Medical Research of the National Research Council and the Second World War." Scientia Canadensis 15, no. 2 (July 6, 2009): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800329ar.
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Abstract During World War II the original Associate Committee on Medical Research and three additional committees (each associated with a branch of the military) of the National Research Council organized wartime medical research. The war provided an opportunity for the NRC to demonstrate the utility of medical research and the ability of Canadians to make significant contributions to the allied research effort.
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Ajlec, Kornelija. "UNRRA and its arrival in Yugoslavia, 1944-1945." Istorija 20. veka 38, no. 2/2020 (August 1, 2020): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2020.2.ajl.129-150.
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Using resources from the United Nations and in part from the US National Archives, the paper attempts to illustrate the course of negotiations and building of relationships between Yugoslav political representatives, representatives of the Anglo-American Army and the United National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) during a period of political watershed moments: the consolidation of the Communist Party’s authority in Yugoslavia and the victorious siege of Nazi Germany by the Allied Forces followed by their assumption of responsibility for the post-war reconstruction of Europe, including Yugoslavia.
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Žižka, Pavel, and Richard Saibert. "Development of the Czech Armed Forces Doctrinal Framework." Vojenské rozhledy 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.01.003-020.
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The article deals with the system of joint doctrine development in the Czech Armed Forces (CAF) focused on the operational level of command and control, including the implementation of the NATO doctrines into national conditions. Among others, it was found that the structure and content of the Czech doctrines are not systematically set. Allied doctrines are introduced either by rewriting them into the Czech version or by introducing them in the full English version. In both cases, it might cause inconsistency in military terminology. The Coordinating Committee as the only supervisory body does not have the authority to streamline the process of producing military publications. The most important paper recommendations include alignment of the Czech doctrinal framework with the NATO architecture, adoption of Allied doctrines in the English version including the national specifics, or redistribution of competencies within the processing group. Notwithstanding, the above-mentioned proposals, which indicated high impact, require crucial steps to be taken to implement them.
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Fu, Jia-Chen. "Scientising Relief: Nutritional Activism from Shanghai to the Southwest, 1937–1945." European Journal of East Asian Studies 11, no. 2 (2012): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-20121107.
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The Shanghai Refugee Children Nutritional Aid Committee, formed in 1937, sought to improve refugee children’s nutritional health by making and distributing a scientifically tested soybean milk and soybean cakes. By 1942, the Committee had adopted a national platform and changed its moniker to the Chinese Nutritional Aid Council, with plans to open offices and nutrition clinics in Chongqing, Chengdu, Guiyang and Kunming. This paper argues that in linking biomedical understandings of nutrition with social change, this group of Western-trained physicians and young female social workers enacted a new kind of social activism, one which seized upon the food-as-fuel idea and staked the welfare of the nation upon the nutritional health of its citizenry. In contrast to earlier social relief projects promoted by the imperial state and the local philanthropic initiatives of gentry elites, the Chinese Nutritional Aid Committee articulated an image of professional and specialised expertise in the science of nutrition and care. Theirs was a project of modern refashioning in which science played a key and foundational role in crafting their understanding of both relief and the children they aimed to save.
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Horváth, Rita. "Jews in Hungary after the Holocaust: The national relief committee for deportees, 1945–1950∗." Journal of Israeli History 19, no. 2 (June 1998): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13531049808576129.
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Hovhannisyan, Susanna. "Hovhannes Tumanyan’s role in activities of the Armenian Relief Committee (1921–1923)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 3 (May 2023): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.3-23.088.
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The purpose of the article is to fill one of the relatively little-studied pages of the scientific biography of the great Armenian poet Hovhannes Tumanyan and his national-patriotic and social activities. The task of the article is to show the Hovh. Tumanyan’s role in the activities of the Armenian Relief Committee. Armenian historiographic science distinguishes three periods of the Committee’s activity: 1921–1923, 1923–1931, 1931–1937). However, Tumanyan’s role in the implementation of program tasks and in the formation of the Committee in the first period of its activity has not been studied either in historiography or in literary criticism. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the Hovh. Tumanyan’s activities as chairman of the Armenian Relief Committee. The presentation of historical events in the article, accompanied by scientific comments, argues the importance of studying this “white page” of Armenian reality, its topicality and its relevance to today. The article discusses Tumanyan’s efforts to establish relationships between the newly created Soviet Armenia and foreign Armenian diasporas, to form a positive attitude towards the new social formation that won in Russia. The historical and narrative aspect in the article is presented in the context of the human character and psychological portrait of Hovh. Tumanyan.
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Burkle, Frederick M. "Complex, Humanitarian Emergencies: II. Medical Liaison and Training." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041650.
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AbstractIn complex, humanitarian emergencies, professional liaison roles are just one of many that evolve from the coordination of United Nations agencies, the International Committee of the Red Cross, international and national non-governmental relief organizations, and coalition military forces. Liaison is crucial to the humanitarian relief process. Decision makers benefit from liaisons' professional experience, their knowledge of the characteristics, missions, and capabilities of each major participant in the relief process, and in their ability to coordinate and clarify professional issues in meeting the goals of a mission. Medical liaison roles develop from the awareness that complex emergencies primarily are catastrophic public-health emergencies. Unfortunately, education and training of the medical liaison currently are ill-defined. However, limited experience suggests that skills should be broadly based in principles of disaster epidemiology, assessment and management, knowledge of contributing relief resources, agencies and the military, and international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions.
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Wang, Peter Chen-main. "Caring Beyond National Borders: The YMCA and Chinese Laborers in World War I Europe." Church History 78, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640709000511.
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It is well known that 175,000 Chinese laborers worked for Allied troops in Europe during World War I. This phenomenon has been recorded in major WWI histories and has become the topic of monographs in Chinese and Western languages. Chinese laborers solved the Allied problem of a serious manpower shortage and made contributions to military fieldwork, construction, and factory work. Comparatively speaking, few scholars have paid attention to the Christian work among the Chinese laborers, which gave them considerable comfort and assistance and which laid the foundation for other service to Chinese laborers in France. Though some people have a general understanding that the Young Men's Christian Association (including the British YMCA and the International Committee of the YMCA in North America) was the most active and energetic group in offering assistance to the Chinese laborers, little has been written that explains the YMCA operations among the laborers, preventing a fair and thorough evaluation of the YMCA's service to the Chinese laborers. This paper, based on material from the American YMCA Archives, the Canadian Church Archives, and some Chinese writings on this topic, attempts to investigate the origin, operation, and development of this YMCA international project and to assess its significance in church history and in modern China.
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K, Salini. "Lightning Risk: An Under-Valued Disaster?" IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 7, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v7.n2.p10.
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<div><p><em>Lightning is a very common natural phenomenon which primarily solicits little attention. In this climate – allied innate localized activity, high electric charges are generated which cause disastrous outcomes, both physically and economically. Many lives are burnt and severe losses are suffered due to this natural disaster. But, it is often doubted that the deaths and economic losses due to lightening are under reported. Many reasons are cited as difficult in getting authentic figures, inadequacy of the government rules in the reporting areas etc. Disaster relief is also outside the sphere of such calamity. Comparison between the loss figures due to lightning with other disaster loss figures also reveals that the former ranks higher than the latter. Still, many of the lightning disasters are not properly accounted and recompensed by National Calamity and Relief Fund or any other such Relief Funds. The article is an attempt to see the depth of such an issue and major challenges faced by the victims to get the compensation from the authorities. Also, suggestions are sought to arrive at a satisfying solution to such an unnoticed problem.</em></p></div>
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Mencarelli, Paolo. "The Tuscan Committee of National Liberation: new directions in research, archives and editions of sources." Modern Italy 18, no. 1 (February 2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.753172.
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Historians agree that the liberation of Florence (11 August 1944) was a key moment in the war in Italy for political, rather than military, reasons. This was the case, above all, because the Allies found for the first time, in a city of great international importance, an administration that at both city and provincial level was an expression of the antifascist forces. The parties as well as the organisations had, it transpired, worked to create the foundations of popular self-government during the struggle against the Germans and the Fascists and, in particular, during the months immediately preceding the Liberation. It was in Florence itself that, confronted with such a demonstration of the maturity and organisation of the Resistance, the Allied forces were compelled to rethink their relationship with the various partisan and antifascist forces. The difference between Florence and Rome was such that the Allies had, at the very least, to acknowledge the institutional and social ambitions of the Resistance movement and the desire of the partisans to change the way the country would be run after the war. These aspirations were a key aspect of the Resistance in Florence and Tuscany and, as the Allies discovered, the partisans in the North shared these same hopes and ambitions.
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Nir, Roman. "The Activities of the Polish Section “War Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference” in Great Britain from 10.12.1943 to 31.07.1946." Studia Polonijne 39 (July 30, 2019): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp.2018.10.
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WRS-NCWC Polish Projects activities in Great Britain started at the very moment of the arrival 30 November 1943 of the Rev. A. Wycislo, Delegate of WRS-NCEC, nominated by Executive Committee as Field Director, Polish Projects. Very Bishop J.F. Gawlina immediately created in London an NCWC Polish Projects in Great Britain Committee. Rev. Canon R. Gogolinski-Elston was nominated Secretary of this Central Committee. The common aims of NCWC activities all over the world were directing aims of NCWC Polish Projects in Great Britain Central Committees. The especial aim to have care about the Polish Soldier, his spiritual and moral welfare, and to ensure his cultural and educationall development in a truly Catholic and Polish atmosphere. Rev. Gogolinski-Elston was ordered to start work immediately and already on the 10th of December 1943 the Polish Hearth in Blackpool was taken over, as the first NCWC Centre for Poles in Gt. Britain. On the 12th of December 1943 NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre for Polish University Students was opened in Edinburgh, 15th December an NCWC Polish Air Force Canteen in Blackpool was opend, 24th of December 1943 an NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre for Polish Convalescent Airmen in Blackoop and NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre in Special Secret Duty Detachment in “X” (military secret) were created. Polish Projects in Gt. Britain will be an excellent testimonial to American Catholics with their Bishops, to War Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference, organization with its so effective Executive and Field Director.
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Piliaiev, Igor. "The role of the special survey committee in the post-war reconstruction of Japan." Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2023, no. 56 (December 4, 2023): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.009.
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The article explores the institutional and conceptual experience of the initial period of Japan’s post-war economic reconstruction. The prerequisites, institutional mechanisms, and performance results of the Special Survey Committee (SSC) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan are comprehensively analyzed; its impact on the post-war reconstruction and the phenomenally successful modernization of the Japanese economy in the context of Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction tasks is assessed. For this purpose, the abstract-logical, empirical-historical, interdisciplinary methods are used, and the tools of political economy and modernization theory are applied. It is concluded that the SSC has become the intellectual, personnel and program «assembly point» for the entire further process of Japan’s national reconstruction. Thus, the SSC provided the Japanese government with a systemic vision of the country's place in the postwar world, in the latter’s economic and financial system as well as of national landmarks, priorities, and postwar reconstruction mechanisms. Despite the powerful influence of military-security and geopolitical factors, it took a very high level of mobilization, patriotism, and social responsibility of the Japanese national elite to convince the Allied Powers of the need to make heavy industrialization based on advanced technologies the basis of Japan's postwar recovery. The SSC’s experience testifies that in every successful case of national post-war reconstruction, one should find and define the key conceptual and institutional initiative that launched the recovery process – not necessarily materially, but at least in conceptual and political-volitional terms, as every large-scale and successful (re)construction begins with the development and approval of the relevant project. The author concludes that the SSC’s strategic report on the basic problems of Japan's economic reconstruction is a relevant framework model, according to which a strategy of national economic reconstruction, in particular post-war recovery of Ukraine’s economy, may be developed, of course, taking into account national and local characteristics.
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Rza Dadashzade. "How the development of the national paralympic committee of Azerbaijan has influenced the nation’s “triumph of spirit”." Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport 1, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/ssj.v1i4.193.
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Although the Paralympic movement of Azerbaijan has existed for 23 years, its achievements have not before been investigated in an academic context, in order to assess its contribution to the development of the country’s civil society. This research set out to assess the value of the Committee’s activities, not only within the sporting arena but in the wider context of promoting a more inclusive, diverse society. The Paralympic Games is closely allied to the Olympic Games, in both timing and objectives. However, it’s potential impact on society is wider than that of the Olympics. As well as providing a platform to spotlight the sporting achievement of those with physical challenges, the Paralympic ideal is a powerful component in supporting, inspiring and promoting the integration of physically challenged people into society. There are an estimated 600,000 disabled people in Azerbaijan. Paralympic ideals, as realised by the Paralympic Committee, play a major role in the integration of these individuals and the overcoming of stereotypes in society. Therefore, the study of this issue is of great importance. This research examines the emergence of the Paralympic Games and the development of the Paralympic movement in Azerbaijan.
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Kisselev, Andrei K. "The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LRCS)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065651.
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The “International Red Cross” is composed of: (1) The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) which focuses on war victims; (2) the LRCS; and (3) the 130 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies worldwide which are federated by the LRCS. The LRCS was founded to facilitate, encourage and promote the humanitarian activities of its member societies and thus contribute to the promotion of peace in the world. The LRCS considers health as one of the keys to a better world for everyone. Red Cross programs include the training of nursing personnel, the provision of health care in rural areas, the organization of assistance to the sick, aged, and handicapped, and teaching first aid skills to lay people.The Red Cross bases its actions on seven principles: (1) Humanity; (2) Impartiality; (3) Neutrality; (4) Independence; (5) Voluntary Service; (6) Unity; and (7) Universality.The LRCS assists national societies in improving their disaster relief preparedness through the following functions: (1) to encourage, facilitate and assist in the establishment of a national disaster relief plan; (2) to give technical assistance to national Red Cross societies by sending delegates and equipment and/or by giving cash grants; (3) to convene seminars and conferences to help exchange opinions and share experiences; (4) to train qualified personnel; and (5) to maintain contact with other international governmental and non-governmental organizations. These include the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO); the World Health Organization (WHO); the International Children's Fund (UNICEF); the World Meteorological Organization (WMO); the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Food Program (FAO/WFP); the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHR); and the United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
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Kolesnyk, M., I. Dudar, N. Stepanova, V. Novakivskyy, Y. Honchar, E. Krasyuk, I. Shifris, et al. "Recommendations of the Ukrainian Renal Disaster Relief Committee of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists regarding medical care to kidney disease patients during the war." Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, no. 3(75) (July 1, 2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.3(75).2022.01.
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Abstract. The occurrence of an emergency situation (ES) forced international (ISN, EDTA/ERA) and national (Turkey) nephrological associations to establish the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force, which is primarily concerned with the treatment of patients with acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. The war started by the RF is putting the Ukrainian state, Ukrainian society, and the healthcare system in the catastrophic ES. Under these circumstances, all nephrological patients became one of the most vulnerable categories of patients.
To provide immediate support in solving problems within the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists (UAN&KTS), the Ukrainian Renal Disaster Relief Committee (URDRC) has been established. One of the most important tasks was to form a group of experts to develop recommendations for specialized medical care for kidney patients in wartime.
According to the experts, the key person for this type of medical care is the leading nephrologist in the region or city. He/she establishes a local Renal Disaster Relief Committee (LRDRC) and decides through horizontal (with other LRDRC) or vertical (with UAN &KTS) collaboration, using available communication tools, on the problems that arise; the most appropriate tool is the Viber platform "Nephrology. Dialysis. Transplantation". In this way, a network without administrative subordination and a non-hierarchical functional system was created, which, on the one hand, functions according to similar working principles, but, on the other hand, may differ in terms of LRDRC composition, communication methods, and more.
The LRDRC divides all patients into three groups and provides work preparation measures before, during and after the cancellation of ES.
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Chapman, David. "Organising Committee Chair's address: Resilient pastures." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 17 (January 20, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3522.
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High value animal products from New Zealand’s pasture-based livestock systems have consistently earned $25-$30B in export earnings per year for the country over the past 5 years (Ministry for Primary Industries 2021). Total earnings from dairy and meat of $30.5B in 2020 equate to 35% of New Zealand’s total goods and services export earnings of $86.4B. The importance of this revenue to the national economy has been shown in stark relief recently with the Covid-19 pandemic substantially reducing the earnings generated by other key export sectors such as tourism and international education. While our pasture-based livestock industries have ridden the coronavirus wave well compared with other sectors of the economy, they are facing change at a scale and pace not seen since the far-reaching reforms to the economic settings for agriculture introduced by the Lange Government in the early 1980s. Locally, the ramping-up of government environmental policies beginning c. 2011 has resulted in stringent regulations controlling the amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sediment that can be discharged into freshwater from farm systems. The most recent iteration in this policy sequence includes new National Environmental Standards for Freshwater, and the new National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management (NPS-FW), which came into force in September 2020. These policies reverse the trends of the past two decades when agricultural productivity grew substantially in the virtual absence of regulation to control the environmental externalities of systems intensification. While the initial impacts on land use and farming practices have been localised (e.g., in the lake districts of Rotorua and Taupo), disruption to the farm systems that have emerged over the past two decades, especially intensive dairy systems, will be widespread in the future. For example, Doole et al. (2021) estimated that the new standards introduced in 2020 will require about 40% of New Zealand’s 11400 dairy farms to reduce nitrate leaching by an average of around 42% relative to requirements in previous iterations of the NPS-FW. The most significant global force driving change in New Zealand agriculture is climate change, via New Zealand’s commitment to the Paris Agreement to reduce carbon (C) emissions to net zero by 2050, C-neutral strategies being implemented by some of our largest customers (e.g., Nestle 2020), and the physical impacts of climate change on conditions for plant growth (e.g., Keller et al. 2021). Of direct and significant relevance to the livestock industries are the methane emission reduction targets proposed by government, of between 27% and 47% below 2017 levels by 2050. Meanwhile our international competitors have been steadily closing the gap in costs of production with New Zealand, and now have other fields on which to out-compete us (e.g., in C footprint) unless we can keep pace.
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Simmons, Nadine C., and Suzanne S. Kuys. "Trial of an allied health workload allocation model." Australian Health Review 35, no. 2 (2011): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09860.
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Allied health (AH) managers need to be able to quantify workloads to effectively manage the increasing demands on the health system. Workload allocation models provide a means of monitoring, evaluating and determining manageable workloads. This allows managers to ensure equitable distribution of duties and maximise the existing AH workforce output, which will lead to more efficient health service delivery and better patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop and trial an AH workload allocation model incorporating the National Allied Health Casemix Committee Health Activity Classification. A workload allocation model was developed that included a staff workload mapping tool, data analysis spreadsheet and guidelines for calculating procedure times. The model was trialled across three AH professions (occupational therapy, physiotherapy and speech pathology), in two hospital districts, and across inpatient, outpatient and community settings. A total of 30 participants completed the trial. Staff and managers completed a post-trial survey to provide feedback on the workload allocation model. Survey results indicated that staff and managers found the model useful for evaluating and quantifying workloads. Managers believed the model would be useful for preparing business cases and benchmarking staff workloads. Recommendations for improvements to the workload mapping tool were also identified. What is known about the topic? Workload allocation models have been identified as a valuable means of evaluating and managing AH workloads. Current models do not account for all tasks undertaken by AH clinicians or are applicable to only a specific AH discipline. There is a paucity of workload allocation models suitable for use across AH disciplines. What does this paper add? This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of an AH workload allocation model that incorporates the NAHCC Health Activity Classification that can be used across AH disciplines and work sites. What are the implications for practitioners? This new workload allocation model provides AH managers with a mapping tool that provides a high level of detail of non-patient activities, and guidelines for calculating procedure times that can be used to effectively manage staff workloads, benchmark existing services and plan for new services. Critical evaluation of staff workloads will allow managers to maximise allied health human resources and hence provide better patient outcomes.
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Burnett, Anthea M., Ling Lee, Myra McGuinness, Beatrice Varga, Yadira Perez Hazel, and Suit May Ho. "Quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan: protocol for a cross-sectional unannounced standardised patient study." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e057594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057594.
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IntroductionThere are 161 million people living with vision impairment, due to uncorrected refractive errors. A further 510 million people are living with near-vision impairment. There is a need for clearly defined indicators that capture the quality of refractive error service outputs and outcomes and provide insights to shape, change and stimulate action. This study aims to evaluate the quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan, by using unannounced standardised patients (USPs) to identify the proportion of prescribed and dispensed spectacles appropriate for people’s refractive error needs and pinpoint/detail opportunities for quality improvement.Method and analysisA cross-sectional Q.REC study will be conducted in randomly selected optical services in Cambodia (180 services, 900 USP visits), the Klang Valley in Malaysia (66 services, 198 USP visits) and in Jhang, Sahiwal and Khanewal districts of Punjab region/state in Pakistan (64 services, 256 USP visits). USPs will receive baseline refractions by three skilled study optometrists/refractionists trained in the Q.REC protocol. USPs will then visit individual optical services, undergo a refraction, purchase spectacles or lenses (if recommended) and record observations about which elements of a refraction and dispensing were conducted. The study optometrist/refractionist will assess each pair of dispensed spectacles by examining the USP’s aided visual acuity and visual comfort at distance and/or near and compare the lens prescription to the averaged baseline refraction.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC210102), the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Cambodia (043 NECHR), National Medical Research Registry and the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (NMRR-21-689-59279) in Malaysia and the College of Ophthalmology & Allied Vision Sciences Ethical Review Board (COAVS 545/2021) in Pakistan. Written informed consent will be obtained from USPs. Service owners will have the opportunity to opt-out verbally or in writing. Results will be disseminated locally through workshops including the relevant local ministry of health personnel and stakeholders, published in peer-reviewed publications and presented at national and international conferences.
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Cassamagnaghi, Silvia. "L'adozione di bambini italiani negli Stati Uniti. L'operato del Catholic Relief Service e del Catholic Committee for Refugee. 1951-1961." ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, no. 284 (August 2017): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ic2017-284003.
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A partire dalla conclusione della Seconda guerra mondiale, le adozioni da paesi stranieri diventarono una parte integrante nelle procedure dei servizi per l'infanzia negli Stati Uniti. Una delle organizzazioni che si dimostrò più attivamente coinvolta nelle adozioni internazionali, su diretto mandato dello US Committee for the Care of European Children, fu il Chatholic Committee for Refugees-National Catholic Welfare Conference, a cui venne affidata la tutela dei bambini cattolici. Dal 1946 al 1950, esso si occupò soprattutto di minori provenienti da campi profughi (850 casi circa, di cui, però, soltanto 4 riguardavano bambini italiani). Tuttavia, a partire dal 1951, la maggior parte dei casi trattati dal Catholic Committee for Refugee (Ccr), in stretta collaborazione con il Catholic Relief Service (Crs), riguardarono minori provenienti dall'Italia (anche se non potevano essere considerati "rifugiati"). La massiccia campagna per le adozioni, portata avanti in quegli anni presso la comunità cattolica americana, aveva creato di fatto un'ingente domanda di bambini europei: l'Italia divenne il bacino di offerta ideale, per le sue particolari caratteristiche economiche e sociali e per la "flessibilità" dimostrata dal nostro governo, convinto che la via delle adozioni internazionali fosse un'ottima soluzione affinché questi piccoli non sperimentassero miseria e abbandono in Italia. Grazie al Ccr e al Crs, tra il 1951 e il 1960, oltre 2.000 bambini vennero accolti da famiglie statunitensi, in maggioranza di origine italiana, creando una sorta di inedita "catena migratoria", dal momento che spesso, nei moduli di richiesta, gli aspiranti genitori specificavano di volere solo piccoli provenienti dalla Penisola.
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Yushkevych, V. V. "US participation in IGCR activity during 1943." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, no. 10 (November 9, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1718029.
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The article covers the resumption of the active work of the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees through the prism of US activity within this structure. Created on the initiative of American leader F. Roosevelt in 1938 to help refugees from Austria and Germany, IGCR in reality appeared dysfunctional with the outburst of the Second World War. The article examines factors that revitalized activities of the defined structure. It was emphasized that the organization’s revival was made possible by appropriate initiatives originating from the British and American parties in early 1943. It was determined that strategic and tactical tasks were discussed and adopted on the basis of the results of an Inter-allied Bermuda Refugee Conference. Special mention was made to the work of American representatives of the American delegation headed by the Rector of Princeton University - Harold Dodds.The article reveals agenda of the resumed meetings of the Executive Committee of the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees, analysis its results. The main range of issues that the Directorate of the IGCR had to deal with: the renewal of the membership of twenty-nine countries and the further expansion of the organization through the invitation and involvement of twenty new member states, the co-optation of new representatives of the new member states into the governing and executive body of the organization, changing approaches to funding, and introduction of the principle of “binding decisions”, preparation for the convening of a General congress.The questions, which were separately considered at the meetings of the Executive Committee - expansion of the territorial mandate of the IGCR, Soviet-Polish contradictions, the definition of the representative of the French delegation in connection with the struggle for leadership in the resistance of Russia, the creation of refugee camps in North Africa. It has been evaluated the influence on decision-making process of American representatives in the Executive Committee of the IGCR - Patrick Malin and John Winant.During the preparation of the article a potential source as the diplomatic correspondence of documents of the American foreign policy department are researched. Attention is drawn to the analysis of this matter in the investigations and research work of foreign historians. The article clarifies that the formation of a new system of international protection of refugees proclaimed F. Roosevelt in 1938 took place in complicated foreign policy circumstances. The change of the situation on the fronts, the emergence of public opinion and the new approaches of the British government allowed in the first half of 1943 to return to the development of instruments and mechanisms to conduct relief work and assistance to war refugees through the implementation of IGCR’s projects.
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Liu, Junchao. "On the Necessity and Feasibility of the Constitutional Judicialization." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v7i3.1041.
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The proposal of "constitutional judicialization" is the product of the continuous development of constitutional theory and the needs of practice. Constitutional judicialization in a broad sense includes unconstitutional review and constitutional judicial judgment. The essence of constitutional judicialization in China is the judicial relief of constitutional rights, which aims to protect the basic rights of citizens. The judicialization of China's constitution must be carried out under the existing political and judicial system, so as to safeguard the people's democratic dictatorship and the people's Congress system. Specifically, we can effectively realize the judicialization of the Constitution in the form of indirect application of the constitution through constitutional interpretation, which can not only safeguard the authority of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, but also effectively protect the basic rights of citizens.
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Bolcato, Matteo, Marianna Russo, Alessandro Feola, Bruno Della Pietra, Camilla Tettamanti, Alessandro Bonsignore, Rosagemma Ciliberti, Daniele Rodriguez, and Anna Aprile. "The Motion of the Italian National Bioethics Committee on Aggressive Treatment towards Children with Limited Life Expectancy." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040448.
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The motion of the Italian National Bioethics Committee entitled “Aggressive treatment or therapeutic obstinacy on young children with limited life expectancy” comprises a premise that rejects therapeutic obstinacy and makes 12 recommendations. Recommendation no. 1 states the general rules: it ascribes a cardinal role to a shared care plan, it supports pain management therapy and pain relief, it opposes ineffective and disproportionate clinical treatment and defensive medicine. The other recommendations are correlated to the enacting of a national law establishing clinical ethics committees in paediatric hospitals; participation of parents and their fiduciaries in the decision-making processes; recourse to courts only as extrema ratio in the event of irremediable disagreement between the medical team and the family members; accompaniment at the end of life also through continuous deep sedation combined with pain therapy; access to palliative care; the need to reinforce research on pain and suffering in children; clinical trials and research studies conducted in children; the training of doctors, healthcare personnel and psychologists, to support parents in emotional and practical terms; the facilitation of the closeness of parents to children in extremely precarious clinical conditions; the relevant role of the associations of parents of sick children. Comments are made, in particular, about the innovative recommendations respectively relating to the adoption of care planning, the establishment, by law, of clinical ethics committees in paediatric hospitals and the limitation of recourse to courts—only as extrema ratio—in the event of irremediable disagreement between the medical team and the family members.
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Silva, Aline Silveira, Maria Sharmila Alina de Sousa, Emília Vitória da Silva, and Dayani Galato. "Social participation in the health technology incorporation process into Unified Health System." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (December 16, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001420.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the current process of social participation in the incorporation of health technologies in Brazil, within the context of the Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted based on the analysis of official records of the actions of the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation into Unified Health System and its website, from the beginning of its activities in January 2012 until December 2017. RESULTS: The findings indicate that, in Brazil, there are legal instruments related to social participation in health, including the health technology assessment (HTA) field. However, its implementation is relatively recent and has been carried out gradually. In addition to the legal instruments (National Health Council representative, public consultation and public hearing forecast), other information and transparency strategies have been shown to be allied to social participation in the incorporation of health technologies. However, activities such as legally provided public hearings have not yet been carried out. CONCLUSIONS: Several actions to foster social participation were developed over the analyzed period, but they need to be evaluated in order to maintain or improve them. In addition, there is a need for more qualified social participation in the various existing spaces, including those prescribed by law.
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Montgomery, David. "Labor and the Political Leadership of New Deal America." International Review of Social History 39, no. 3 (December 1994): 335–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112726.
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SummaryThis essay examines the relationship between popular initiatives and government decision-makers during the 1930s. The economic crisis and the reawakening of labor militancy before 1935 elevated men and women, who had been formed by the workers' movement of the 1910s and 1920s, to prominent roles in the making of national industrial policies. Quite different was the reshaping of social insurance and work relief measures. Although those policies represented a governmental response to the distress and protests of the working class, the workers themselves had little influence on their formulation or administration. Through industrial struggles, the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) mobilized a new cadre, trained by youthful encounters with urban ethnic life, expanding secondary schooling and subordination to modern corporate management, in an unsuccessful quest for economic planning and universal social insurance through the agency of a reformed Democratic Party.
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van Wijlick, Eric, Marian Verkerk, Alexander de Graeff, and Johan Legemaate. "Palliative Sedation in The Netherlands: Starting-points and Contents of a National Guideline." European Journal of Health Law 14, no. 1 (2007): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092902707x185451.
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AbstractIn December 2005 the first national guideline for palliative sedation in the Netherlands was published. This guideline was developed by a committee of the Royal Dutch Medical Association, at the request of the Dutch government. The guideline defines palliative sedation as 'the intentional lowering of consciousness of a patient in the last phase of his or her life'. According to the guideline the objective of palliative sedation is to relieve suffering, and lowering consciousness is a means to achieve this. It is very important that palliative sedation is given for the right indication, proportionally, and adequately. It is the degree of symptom control, not the level to which consciousness is lowered, which determines the dose and combinations of the sedatives used and duration of treatment. The assessment and decision-making processes must focus on adequate relief of the patient's suffering, so that a peaceful and acceptable situation is created. Palliative sedation is given in the last phase of life, in the imminently dying patient. Palliative sedation raises several legal questions. In this article we describe the structure and contents of the guideline, with special attention for the main legal issues involved, like the distinction between palliative sedation and euthanasia and the process of informed conesnt.
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Chien-Min, Chao. "The National People's Congress Oversight Power and the Role of the CCP." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 17 (March 10, 2003): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v17i0.11.
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The urbanization and the structural and institutional changes that have taken
place in China in the past two decades have resulted in the collapse of the old
system and the germination of a tremendous number of irregularities. To redress
the malfeasance brought about by the new decentralization of economic resources,
the People's Congresses (PCs) are taking the lead in another round of incremental
political reforms. The combination of specialization and centralization of
leadership has led to an augmentation of legislative oversight. Measures
developed by the legislative institutions, such as pingyi (evaluation) and zhifa
jiancha (inspection of implementation of laws), have enlivened a lethargic local
political scene and given rise to the committee autonomy. These political reforms
have transformed local politics forever, forcing the central government to follow
suit. The urgent need for institutional mechanisms to counter the vices associated
with socialist market reform has prompted the Party to turn its attention to the
People's Congresses. Consequently, a Leninist party-state system has been
transformed into a new system in which the Party is allied simultaneously with
the executive and the legislative branches. A preliminary and limited balance of
power is now emerging in which the Party is not totally immune. The newly
accrued legislative powers have not only redefined the tenets of Party leadership,
but also rewritten its relations with the executive branch. Although the PCs are
still often barred from vital decision-making, new devices such as pingyi and zhifa
jiancha are forcing some local officials to have second thoughts before straying
too far from legal boundaries.
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Nagata, T., T. Ishihara, H. Inasaka, T. Sakamoto, M. Akashi, Y. Otomo, K. Koriyama, H. Kobayashi, T. Ido, and S. Ishi. "(P1-111) Japan Medical Association Team (JMAT)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s135—s136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004444.
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Disaster preparedness is one of the national priorities. In Japan, disaster medicine is defined as a part of the national medical plan initiated by Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor. The Japan Medical Association is the largest professional physicians' group in Japan, and has contributed to all kinds of disaster relief work regionally and nation-wide for years. Based on past successes, the Japan Medical Association proposes a new disaster action plan named Japan Medical Association Team (JMAT). The primary mission of JMAT is to deploy to the disaster scene requested and work for disaster relief. JMAT covers the acute to sub-acute phase of disaster response, and also collaborate with other agencies. In the preparation and mitigation phases, the Japan Medical Association work for establishing mutual disaster aid partnerships, disaster plans, networks with other agencies, team building, disaster medicine training and education, etc. In Japan, the Disaster Medical Assistant Team (DMAT) has been established based on the experience of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, when lots of preventable trauma deaths occurred because of delayed medical response. The mission of DMAT is to deploy to the scene immediately and triage/transfer the most serious disaster victims outside the scene for advanced medical care. DMAT covers the first 48 hours of disaster response phase, and then JMAT takes charge of the work. JMAT will also respond to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear disasters, and international humanitarian work. The present issues of establishing JMAT are 1.training and education for Japan Medical Association members, 2.establising cooperation with other agencies, and 3.having presence at the Central Disaster Committee, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.
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Wade, Jill. "Wartime Housing Limited, 1941 - 1947: Canadian Housing Policy at the Crossroads." Articles 15, no. 1 (October 21, 2013): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018892ar.
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Between 1941 and 1947 a federal crown corporation called Wartime Housing Limited (WHL) successfully built and managed thousands of rental units for war workers and veterans. WHL represents a directly interventionist approach to housing problems and demonstrates that the federal government could efficiently meet social needs by participating in housing supply. Though the Advisory Committee on Reconstruction recommended a national, comprehensive housing program emphasizing low-rental housing, the federal government initiated a post-war program promoting home ownership and private enterprise and, in the process, neglected long-range planning and low income housing. In addition, during the late 1940s, WHL's stock of affordable housing was privatized. This market-oriented perspective hindered advances in postwar housing policy in the same way that, for decades, the poor law tradition blocked government acceptance of unemployment relief. This paper reviews the housing record of WHL and examines the federal government's failure to redirect WHL's expertise into a permanent low-rental housing agency at the war's end.
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Sun, Ning, Wenwei Zuo, Yuanfang Zhou, Ying Cheng, Shirui Cheng, Jun Zhou, Guixing Xu, Liuyang Huang, Fanrong Liang, and Ruirui Sun. "Acupuncture for biliary colic: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e041931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041931.
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IntroductionBiliary colic (BC) is a severe pain associated with nausea and vomiting, which is the most common symptom among the gallstone population. This protocol proposes a methodology for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to assess the benefits and safety of acupuncture in patients with BC.Methods and analysisClinical trials will be identified through nine databases from inception to December 2020, using Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Database and Wanfang Database. Search words will be used for the BC and acupuncture. The analysis would include randomised, controlled, clinical trials of adults with BC that were published in either Chinese or English. The primary outcome is to measure pain relief. Two or three reviewers should be in charge of study selection, data extraction and evaluating the risk of bias. RevMan software (V.5.4) will be used to perform the assessment of the risk of bias and data synthesis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be required for this review, as it will only involve the collection of literature previously published. The results of this meta-analysis will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or relevant conference, through publication.Trial registration numberCRD42020167510.
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Mountjoy, Margo, Celia Brackenridge, Malia Arrington, Cheri Blauwet, Andrea Carska-Sheppard, Kari Fasting, Sandra Kirby, et al. "International Olympic Committee consensus statement: harassment and abuse (non-accidental violence) in sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 17 (April 26, 2016): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096121.
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Despite the well-recognised benefits of sport, there are also negative influences on athlete health, well-being and integrity caused by non-accidental violence through harassment and abuse. All athletes have a right to engage in ‘safe sport’, defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, equitable and free from all forms of non-accidental violence to athletes. Yet, these issues represent a blind spot for many sport organisations through fear of reputational damage, ignorance, silence or collusion. This consensus statement extends the 2007 IOC Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport, presenting additional evidence of several other types of harassment and abuse—psychological, physical and neglect. All ages and types of athletes are susceptible to these problems but science confirms that elite, disabled, child and lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans-sexual (LGBT) athletes are at highest risk, that psychological abuse is at the core of all other forms and that athletes can also be perpetrators. Harassment and abuse arise from prejudices expressed through power differences. Perpetrators use a range of interpersonal mechanisms including contact, non-contact/verbal, cyber-based, negligence, bullying and hazing. Attention is paid to the particular risks facing child athletes, athletes with a disability and LGBT athletes. Impacts on the individual athlete and the organisation are discussed. Sport stakeholders are encouraged to consider the wider social parameters of these issues, including cultures of secrecy and deference that too often facilitate abuse, rather than focusing simply on psychopathological causes. The promotion of safe sport is an urgent task and part of the broader international imperative for good governance in sport. A systematic multiagency approach to prevention is most effective, involving athletes, entourage members, sport managers, medical and therapeutic practitioners, educators and criminal justice agencies. Structural and cultural remedies, as well as practical recommendations, are suggested for sport organisations, athletes, sports medicine and allied disciplines, sport scientists and researchers. The successful prevention and eradication of abuse and harassment against athletes rests on the effectiveness of leadership by the major international and national sport organisations.
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Ganzevoort, Ilse Nadine, Tryntsje Fokkema, Harma J. Mol-Alma, Anke Heida, Adriëlla L. Van der Veen, Karin Vermeulen, Marc A. Benninga, Arine M. Vlieger, Marjolein Y. Berger, and G. A. Holtman. "Home-based guided hypnotherapy for children with functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 5 (May 2023): e069653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069653.
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IntroductionChildren often present to primary care with functional abdominal pain (FAP) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and around half still have abdominal complaints 1 year later. Hypnotherapy is an evidence-based treatment that is used in specialist care, but it lacks evidence in primary care. This study will investigate the (cost) effectiveness of home-based guided hypnotherapy for children with FAP or IBS in primary care.Methods and analysisWe report the design of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial among children aged 7–17 years, diagnosed with FAP or IBS by their general practitioner (GP), with assessments over 12 months. The control group will receive care as usual (CAU) by their GP (eg, communication, education and reassurance), while the intervention group will receive CAU plus 3 months of home-based guided hypnotherapy via a website. The primary outcome will be the proportion of children with adequate relief from abdominal pain/discomfort at 12 months, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Secondary outcomes will include the adequacy of pain relief at 3 and 6 months, pain/discomfort severity, pain frequency and intensity, daily functioning and impact on function, anxiety and depression, pain beliefs, sleep disturbances, school absence, somatisation, and healthcare use and costs. We must include 200 children to determine a 20% difference in those with adequate relief (55% control vs 75% intervention).Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Review Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands, approved this study (METc2020/237). The results will be disseminated to patients, GPs and other stakeholders via email, a dedicated website, peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. We plan to collaborate with the Dutch Society of GPs to implement the results in clinical practice.Trial registration numberNCT05636358.
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Destenay, Emmanuel. "“Nobody's Children”? Political Responses to the Homecoming of First World War Veterans in Northern and Southern Ireland, 1918–1929." Journal of British Studies 60, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 632–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2021.61.
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AbstractAt the time when Irish veterans of the Great War were being demobilized, Ireland was in a period of profound social, political, and cultural change that was irreversibly transforming the island. Armistice and the veterans’ relief at having survived the conflict and being back with family could not eclipse the overwhelming political climate they met on their homecoming. This article draws on the 1929 Report by the Committee on Claims of British Ex-servicemen, commissioned by the Irish Free State to investigate whether Irish veterans were discriminated against by the Southern Irish and British authorities. The research also makes use of a range of underexploited primary sources: the Liaison and Evacuation Papers in the Military Archives in Dublin, the collection of minutes of the Irish Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Land Trust in the National Archives in London, and original material from the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland and the National Archives of Ireland relating to economic programs for veterans. A comparative approach of to the respective demobilizations of veterans in Northern and Southern Ireland in the 1920s reveals that disparities in formal recognition of their sacrifice and in special provision for housing and employment significantly and painfully complicated their repatriation.
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Motta, Giuseppe. "The Myth of a Jewish Invasion and the Refugee Question in Romania after the Great War." Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 23, no. 2 (July 18, 2024): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/mtgs1423.
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The idea of a Jewish invasion in Romania appeared during the debates on the first constitution (1866) and was revitalized after 1918, as the recently occupied territory of Bessarabia hosted many Jewish groups fleeing revolutionary Russia, the civil war, and pogroms. In this context, the immigrants were depicted by nationalist propaganda as invaders wishing to exploit Romania’s wealth and hospitality, and this image was combined with the myth of Judeo-Bolshevism. Thanks to the archival sources of the High Commission for Refugees and of relief organizations such as the Joint Distribution Committee, this paper aims to present in detail the controversial encounter between national security policies and humanitarian concerns for the fate of the refugees. At the same time, it will discuss how the refugee question influenced the Romanian political context, fostering sentiments of antisemitism and xenophobic anxiety. As will be argued, the idea of an invasion was very influential before and after World War I, and conditioned not only the definition of the policies regarding citizenship and minorities, but also the whole political discourse and the shaping of Romanian identity. At the same time, the emergence of refugees and the juxtaposition of humanitarian versus national security was not a purely Romanian affair, and in many aspects anticipated the topics of today’s debates.
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Gulyás, Erika, Tamás Sterbenz, and Eszter Kovacs. "Efficiency of Governmental Funding in Hungary." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 72, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2016-0027.
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AbstractThis paper presents the initial results of a significant research project conducted under the IOC PhD Student Research Grant Program with the support of the Hungarian Olympic Committee. Macro- and meso-level analyses were conducted within the framework of this research to analyze the competitive position of the Hungarian elite sport policy system. In the following, an essential part of the research will be presented with the aim of modeling the efficiency of the Hungarian sport funding system as the increasingly international sporting competition forces governments to invest more money in elite sport development just so they can maintain their elite sport success as the supply of medals remains basically constant. Due to these diminishing returns to the scale of investment, an elite sporting system with an efficient structure will be key in future sporting success. Data collection was based on information gained through a general questionnaire and interviews with the main stakeholders of national sport federations and the Hungarian Olympic Committee, which is the main governing body of Hungarian high-performance sport. Data collection focused on the sixteen prioritized sport federations and the five team sports that benefited from a tax relief system. Secondary data were collected regarding the national public funding for sport, elite sport, and sport by sport since 2006, and Gracenote’s database was used to analyze historical performance in the different disciplines and compare Hungarian performance with that of other countries. This research will provide information to policy makers about the competitive position of Hungary in elite sport and, in this respect, explore the critical success factors that will allow Hungary to assess how best to manage its future success in an increasingly competitive international environment.
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Gorospe, Franklin, Laura Istanboulian, Martine Puts, David Wong, Elizabeth Lee, and Craig Dale. "Identifying and mapping biopsychosocial factors associated with pain in adults with advanced liver disease: protocol for a scoping review." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e033064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033064.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionPain is highly prevalent in the adult population diagnosed with liver disease. Those progressing to advanced liver disease often experience persistent pain and poor pain relief. There is presently limited guidance for the management of pain and associated symptoms in this population. The current literature lacks attention on how physical, psychological and social domains of liver disease modulate the pain experience. In this paper, we outline our scoping review protocol to systematically review the literature from academic bibliographic databases and grey sources to identify and map the biopsychosocial factors associated with pain in adults with advanced liver disease.Methods and analysisArksey and O’Malley’s methodology, and Tricco et al’s Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, will guide the process for this scoping review. The literature search will include electronic and hand-searching methods using scholarly and grey sources. Scholarly databases include Medline, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Grey databases will focus on research studies not captured in the scholarly databases including those by government agencies and professional organisations. Two members of the research team will independently screen the resulting publications following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality appraisal of the included research studies will employ the use of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018. Data collection and extraction of study characteristics will use a data extraction tool developed iteratively by the research team. Analysis of the factors associated with pain outcomes will be mapped and described according to the domains of the biopsychosocial model of pain.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review involves analysis of the published literature on pain and advanced liver disease and does not require ethics approval. The results will be shared with expert stakeholders to help establish clinical significance. We will disseminate the findings through publication in a scholarly journal: local, provincial, national and international scientific and professional conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019135677
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Antioch, Kathryn M., and Michael K. Walsh. "A new ambulatory classification and funding model for radiation oncology:Non-admitted patients in Victorian hospitals." Australian Health Review 21, no. 1 (1998): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah980062.
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62The Victorian Department of Human Services has developed a classification andfunding model for non-admitted radiation oncology patients. Agencies were previouslyfunded on an historical cost input basis. For 1996?97, payments were made accordingto the new Non-admitted Radiation Oncology Classification System and include fourkey components. Fixed grants are based on Weighted Radiation Therapy Servicestargets for megavoltage courses, planning procedures (dosimetry and simulation) andconsultations. The additional throughput pool covers additional Weighted RadiationTherapy Services once targets are reached, with access conditional on the utilisationof a minimum number of megavoltage fields by each hospital. Block grants coverspecialised treatments, such as brachytherapy, allied health payments and other supportservices. Compensation grants were available to bring payments up to the level of theprevious year. There is potential to provide incentives to promote best practice inAustralia through linking appropriate practice to funding models. Key Australian andinternational developments should be monitored, including economic evaluationstudies, classification and funding models, and the deliberations of the AmericanCollege of Radiology, the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology,the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group and the Council of Oncology Societiesof Australia. National impact on clinical practice guidelines in Australia can beachieved through the Quality of Care and Health Outcomes Committee of theNational Health and Medical Research Council.
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Hellawell, Sarah. "‘Sunderland Has Lost a Figure That Will Go Down in History’: Marion Phillips in the North East of England, 1923–1932." Labour History Review 88, no. 3 (December 19, 2023): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2023.10.
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Selected as the Labour Party’s chief woman officer in 1918, Dr Marion Phillips played a prominent role in the British labour women’s movement before, during and after the Great War. However, her brief stint as Labour MP for Sunderland between 1929 and 1931 has not attracted the same level of academic attention as the parliamentary careers of other early women MPs. Phillips’s connection to the North East of England throughout the 1920s illuminates her work as chief woman officer, as well as the prominence of the labour women’s movement in the region. This article focuses on Phillips’s relationship with the labour movement in County Durham to understand how she was selected as a parliamentary candidate for Sunderland. The annual women’s gala, first held in June 1923, and the Women’s Committee for the Relief of Miners’ Wives and Children formed in response to the 1926 General Strike, are crucial to understanding her early connections to the region. Phillips’s sudden death in early 1932 led to a wave of local and national commemorations demonstrating the legacy of her political work.
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Evans, Katie, Cheryl Battersby, James P. Boardman, Elaine M. Boyle, William D. Carroll, Kate Dinwiddy, Jon Dorling, et al. "National priority setting partnership using a Delphi consensus process to develop neonatal research questions suitable for practice-changing randomised trials in the United Kingdom." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e061330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061330.
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IntroductionMethodologically robust clinical trials are required to improve neonatal care and reduce unwanted variations in practice. Previous neonatal research prioritisation processes have identified important research themes rather than specific research questions amenable to clinical trials. Practice-changing trials require well-defined research questions, commonly organised using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) structure. By narrowing the scope of research priorities to those which can be answered in clinical trials and by involving a wide range of different stakeholders, we aim to provide a robust and transparent process to identify and prioritise research questions answerable within the National Healthcare System to inform future practice-changing clinical trials.Methods and analysisA steering group comprising parents, doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, researchers and representatives from key organisations (Neonatal Society, British Association of Perinatal Medicine, Neonatal Nurses Association and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health) was identified to oversee this project. We will invite submissions of research questions formatted using the PICO structure from the following stakeholder groups using an online questionnaire: parents, patients, healthcare professionals and academic researchers. Unanswered, non-duplicate research questions will be entered into a three-round eDelphi survey of all stakeholder groups. Research questions will be ranked by mean aggregate scores.Ethics and disseminationThe final list of prioritised research questions will be disseminated through traditional academic channels, directly to key stakeholder groups through representative organisations and on social media. The outcome of the project will be shared with key research organisations such as the National Institute for Health Research. Research ethics committee approval is not required.
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Smith, Samantha, Brendan Walsh, Maev-Ann Wren, Steve Barron, Edgar Morgenroth, James Eighan, and Seán Lyons. "Geographic inequalities in non-acute healthcare supply: evidence from Ireland." HRB Open Research 4 (October 4, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13412.1.
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Background: Recent reforms in Ireland, as outlined in Sláintecare, the report of the cross-party parliamentary committee on health, are focused on shifting from a hospital-centric system to one where non-acute care plays a more central role. However, these reforms were embarked on in the absence of timely and accurate information about the capacity of non-acute care to take on a more central role in the system. To help address this gap, this paper outlines the most comprehensive analysis to date of geographic inequalities in non-acute care supply in Ireland. Methods: Data on the supply of 10 non-acute services including primary care, allied health, and care for older people, were collated. Per capita supply for each service is described for 28 counties in Ireland (Tipperary and Dublin divided into North and South), using 2014 supply and population data. To examine inequity in the geographic distribution of services, raw population in each county was adjusted for a range of needs indicators. Results: The findings show considerable geographic inequalities across counties in the supply of non-acute care. Some counties had low levels of supply of several types of non-acute care. The findings remain largely unchanged after adjusting for need, suggesting that the unequal patterns of supply are also inequitable. Conclusions: In the context of population changes and the influence of non-need factors, the persistence of historical budgeting in Ireland has led to considerable geographic inequities in non-acute supply, with important lessons for Ireland and for other countries. Such inequities come into sharp relief in the context of COVID-19, where non-acute supply plays a crucial role in ensuring that acute services are preserved for treating acutely ill patients.
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Atanga, M. B. S., Anita vd Merve, M. S. Njome, W. Kruger, and C. E. Suh. "Health System Preparedness for Hazards Associated with Mount Cameroon Eruptions: A Case Study of Bakingili Village." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 28, no. 3 (November 2010): 298–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701002800301.
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Mount Cameroon, the only active volcano along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) and most active in equatorial West Africa, erupted seven times in the last century. The 1999 eruption prompted evacuation of over 600 inhabitants of Bakingili village on the south western slopes – the first in the history of this volcano. Besides destruction from flowing lava, associated health hazards resulted from fine ash and poisonous gases that accompanied explosions. This eruption revealed a lack of preparedness on the part of the communities and the Cameroonian administration to such phenomena, as a National Scientific Committee was only created following challenges from local scientists who began monitoring of the event only out of scientific curiosity. Consequently, the evacuation camp was not prepared for any emergency relief operations and there still remains a lot of mistrust between the community, local scientists and emergency managers. This study attempts to rebuild dialogue, respect and trust between these parties towards facilitating volcanic hazard education and planning for Mount Cameroon, especially, the health system preparedness. To achieve this, we used documentary evidence; focus group discussions; and data triangulation. Results show the need to adopt a combined ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approach by integrating community members in decision making bodies; integrating and promoting local traditional viewpoints/hazard perceptions; involving women, youth, church leaders and major entrepreneurs in disaster relief committees; and educating and training health workers, the political elite and government officials on how to take appropriate decisions to protect the populations in times of crisis.
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Lavery, Paula, Finola Smith, and Michelle Peel. "28 Steps Towards a more “Dementia Friendly” Medicine for the OLDER PERSON Acute Admission Ward." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.18.
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Abstract Background A “Dementia Friendly” ward is an environment that has been designed and adapted to take into account the care needs and environmental requirements of dementia patients (Dementia Action Alliance, 2013). Hospitals should be dementia friendly from admission to discharge (National Dementia Strategy 2014). Occupational Therapists (OT) have unique skills in assessing the environment and understand the influence these have on a person’s engagement in valued occupations. A one-day patient census on a Medicine for the Older Person Acute admission ward indicated that 60% of patients had an acute delirium. Fifty percent of patients had a documented diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. In light of this, the OT team completed an audit to assess how “Dementia Friendly” the ward is. Methods The “Is your ward Dementia Friendly” Enhanced Healing Environment Assessment Tool, developed by the Kings Fund (2014) was utilised for the audit. The assessment tool contains seven sections which include “Orientation, Meaningful Interaction and Safe Mobility”. Following the audit, results were calculated in percentile format and long/short term goals for improvement were developed incorporating dementia friendly design principles. Results Meaningful Interaction: 35% Well-being: 37% Eating & Drnking: 37% Mobility: 34% Continence and Personal Hygiene: 40% Orientation: 44% Calm, Safety & Security: 53% The overall, average ward score achieved was 40% “Dementia Friendly” environment. Conclusion Following audit, the OT provided feedback to the ward manager and a ward committee was established with a wide variety of stakeholders, including, catering, nursing, allied health, and dementia services director. This committee meets on a regular basis with a joint vision to enhance the “dementia friendly” ward environment. Currently, actions are underway to target improvements in orientation and way-finding and social interaction. A re-audit will be completed in May 2019.
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Ndumwa, Harrieth Peter, Amani Thomas Mori, George Mugambage Ruhago, Ritha Willilo, Ryan McBain, Chantelle Boudreaux, Emily Wroe, et al. "Cost analysis for initiating an integrated package of essential non-communicable disease interventions (PEN-Plus) in Kondoa District Hospital, Tanzania: a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) study protocol." BMJ Open 14, no. 5 (May 2024): e080510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080510.
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IntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute approximately 74% of global mortality, with 77% of these deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Tanzania exemplifies this situation, as the percentage of total disability-adjusted life years attributed to NCDs has doubled over the past 30 years, from 18% to 36%. To mitigate the escalating burden of severe NCDs, the Tanzanian government, in collaboration with local and international partners, seeks to extend the integrated package of essential interventions for severe NCDs (PEN-Plus) to district-level facilities, thereby improving accessibility. This study aims to estimate the cost of initiating PEN-Plus for rheumatic heart disease, sickle cell disease and type 1 diabetes at Kondoa district hospital in Tanzania.Methods and analysisWe will employ time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to quantify the capacity cost rates (CCR), and capital and recurrent costs associated with the implementation of PEN-Plus. Data on resource consumption will be collected through direct observations and interviews with nurses, the medical officer in charge and the heads of laboratory and pharmacy units/departments. Data on contact times for targeted NCDs will be collected by observing a sample of patients as they move through the care delivery pathway. Data cleaning and analysis will be done using Microsoft Excel.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval to conduct the study has been waived by the Norwegian Regional Ethics Committee and was granted by the Tanzanian National Health Research Ethics Committee NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4475. A written informed consent will be provided to the study participants. This protocol has been disseminated in the Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting International Symposium, Norway and the 11th Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Scientific Conference, Tanzania in 2023. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals for use by the academic community, researchers and health practitioners.
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GINN, JAY. "National Pensioners Convention, 1998. Pensions Not Poor Relief, London, NPC, 40 pages, £1 from NPC Research Committee, 8, Milner Place, London N1 1TN. No ISBN." Ageing and Society 18, no. 6 (November 1998): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x98237172.
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Sadeghi, Mohammad, Fateme Bahrami, and Reza Esmaili. "Compilation of the Native Model of Sociological Barriers to Remarriage of Female Heads of Households Covered by the National Relief Committee of Iran in 1395." Social Welfare 18, no. 70 (February 1, 2019): 141–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/refahj.18.70.141.
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Bazhan, Oleh. "“Director of Ukraine”. Behavioral mechanisms and specifics of professional relations of Petro Shelest, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine." NaUKMA Research Papers. History 4 (December 1, 2021): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3417.2021.4.48-55.
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Based on a detailed study and analysis of archival sources and testimonies of contemporaries, the characteristics of Petro Shelest’s methods and principles of personnel selection for key positions in the Ukrainian SSR, his relations with subordinates in the process of work, formation of the closest circle of colleagues are presented. The analysis of the personnel of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1963-1972 has been made. Based on memoir sources, character traits have been studied; personal qualities, as well as originality of relations of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party both with subordinates and the top leadership of the Soviet state and family members have been de- scribed. The author of the article clarifies the main trends in the development of the system of privileges and the privileges of the Soviet nomenklatura in the period of “stagnation”. The pro-Ukrainian course of the leader of the republican party organization was reflected in the author’s book OUR SOVIET UKRAINE, which was published in 1970. At first glance, the openly ideological propaganda work of Petro Shelest clearly demonstrated the attention of the republican party-state elite to the social economic problems of Ukraine, and the interest in its history and culture. Sometimes Shelest defended individual Ukrainian cultural figures who were subjected to ideological persecution. At the same time, Petro Shelest remained a typical expression of the Soviet command-administrative system. It was during his leadership of the republic that mass punitive operations against the Ukrainian national movement took place. In August 1968, Shelest was one of the initiators of the suppression of the “Prague Spring” which, in his opinion, contributed to the spread of anti-Soviet sentiment in Ukraine.However, P. Shelest’s pursuit of an autonomist course, his independence in resolving issues, and “localism and manifestations of nationalism” could not please the allied leadership. In April 1973, a campaign was inspired against his book OUR SOVIET UKRAINE. The book, which had a circulation of 100,000 copies, was withdrawn from sale and libraries. Shelest was removed from the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee “for health reasons” and was forced to take retirement.
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Keith, Kenneth J. "Tutti Fratelli? Perspectives and Challenges for International Humanitarian Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 2 (August 2, 2010): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i2.5239.
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This article is based on addresses given in The Hague, Wellington and Auckland in 2009 to mark the 150th anniversary of the beginnings of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Out of a dreadful day of war, the Battle of Solferino, was born a great humanitarian institution which later became the International Committee of the Red Cross. The author discusses seven matters from the early years of the organisation: first was the importance of simple humanity; second was the principle of non-discrimination; third was a positive obligation to collect and care for the wounded and sick; fourth was about the rights and responsibilities of the individuals involved in warfare; fifth was the importance of getting peace agreements before hostilities began; sixth was establishing of national societies for the relief for the wounded before the same; and finally, the law was inherently humanitarian in nature. The author then discusses the implementation of international humanitarian law, arguing for two main methods: education and training programmes, and compliance through negotiation with governments. The author stresses the importance of adhering to laws during times of warfare by emphasising the values on which the law is based.
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Palsule, ShilpshreePrashant, JaimalaVijay Shetye, and ManasiSubhash Lad. "Does the informed consent document in allied health research follow the national guidelines? A retrospective analysis of proposals submitted to an institutional ethics committee of a tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy 54, no. 1 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_28_21.
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