Academic literature on the topic 'National administrative data collections'
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Journal articles on the topic "National administrative data collections"
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Hall, J., B. Arheimer, G. T. Aronica, A. Bilibashi, M. Boháč, O. Bonacci, M. Borga, et al. "A European Flood Database: facilitating comprehensive flood research beyond administrative boundaries." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 370 (June 11, 2015): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-89-2015.
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Abstract. The current work addresses one of the key building blocks towards an improved understanding of flood processes and associated changes in flood characteristics and regimes in Europe: the development of a comprehensive, extensive European flood database. The presented work results from ongoing cross-border research collaborations initiated with data collection and joint interpretation in mind. A detailed account of the current state, characteristics and spatial and temporal coverage of the European Flood Database, is presented. At this stage, the hydrological data collection is still growing and consists at this time of annual maximum and daily mean discharge series, from over 7000 hydrometric stations of various data series lengths. Moreover, the database currently comprises data from over 50 different data sources. The time series have been obtained from different national and regional data sources in a collaborative effort of a joint European flood research agreement based on the exchange of data, models and expertise, and from existing international data collections and open source websites. These ongoing efforts are contributing to advancing the understanding of regional flood processes beyond individual country boundaries and to a more coherent flood research in Europe.
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Wateren, Jan van der. "The National Art Library: into the 1990s." Art Libraries Journal 15, no. 4 (1990): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200006994.
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The National Art Library, at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, seeks to fulfil its national role by becoming the focal point of a wider network of libraries. In order to support this role, and to carry it forward into the 1990s, the Library has redesigned its management structure, developed a role as a training library for the art library profession, and applied a professional approach, involving the collection and consideration of management data, to the Library’s administration. Collection development has been redefined, shifting the emphasis from the past to the present; this has resulted in an increased intake of material, in spite of a frozen budget, with a consequent need for more space which will be provided through a reorganisation of the Library’s existing accommodation. A plan for the conservation of items in the Library’s collections is being devised. Automation, installed in 1990, brings with it further possibilities and the critical question of whether to prioritise the development of the collections or the development of access to the collections.
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CHAMBERS, Georgina M., Stephanie K. Y. CHOI, Katie IRVINE, Christos VENETIS, Katie HARRIS, Alys HAVARD, Robert J. NORMAN, Kei LUI, William LEDGER, and Louisa R. JORM. "ANZARD Data Linkage – Agreement Between Births Recorded by Clinics and in NSW Perinatal Data Collection." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740875.
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Background: Fertility clinics submit treatment data on all ART cycles to the Australian and New Zealand Assisted Reproductive Technology Database (ANZARD) as part of their accreditation. The National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (NPESU), who manages ANZARD, is undertaking a study involving the linkage of ANZARD to state and commonwealth datasets to investigate health outcomes of infants born from fertility treatments. Aim: To describe the creation and performance of the linked dataset and to evaluate the agreement between births recorded by clinics and those recorded in state perinatal data collections (PDC). Method: The linked dataset was created by linking the ANZARD to NSW and ACT administrative datasets (performed by NSW Centre for Health Record Linkage (CHeReL)) and to Medicare Benefits Scheme and Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule (performed by AIHW). The CHeReL’s Master Linkage Key (MLK) was used as a bridge between ANZARD’s statistical linkage key and state administrative datasets. Linkage rates and concordance between births recorded in ANZARD and PDCs was evaluated. Results: A 96.7% linkage rate was achieved between women recorded in ANZARD and CHeReL’s MLKs. A reconciliation of ANZARD-recorded births among NSW residents found that 94.2% (95% CI: 93.9-94.4%) of births were also recorded in NSW/ACT PDCs. A proportion of the missing births could be to women who had ART treatment in NSW but birthed in a different Australian state or country. A high concordance rate (>99%) was found in plurality status and birth outcome between ANZARD and PDCs. Conclusion: High linkage rates can be achieved with partially identifiable data and population spines, such as the CHeReL’s MLK, can be successfully used to link clinical registries and administrative datasets. This linkage resource will provide invaluable information on the safety of the ART and non-ART treatment, and the role of subfertility on the fertility treatments for Australia and beyond.
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Kelly, Maria, Katie M. O'Brien, and Ailish Hannigan. "Using administrative health data for palliative and end of life care research in Ireland: potential and challenges." HRB Open Research 4 (May 26, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13215.2.
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Background: This study aims to examine the potential of currently available administrative health and social care data for palliative and end-of-life care (PEoLC) research in Ireland. Objectives include to i) identify data sources for PEoLC research ii) describe the challenges and opportunities of using these and iii) evaluate the impact of recent health system reforms and changes to data protection laws. Methods: The 2017 Health Information and Quality Authority catalogue of health and social care datasets was cross-referenced with a recognised list of diseases with associated palliative care needs. Criteria to assess the datasets included population coverage, data collected, data dictionary and data model availability, and mechanisms for data access. Results: Nine datasets with potential for PEoLC research were identified, including death certificate data, hospital episode data, pharmacy claims data, one national survey, four disease registries (cancer, cystic fibrosis, motor neurone and interstitial lung disease) and a national renal transplant registry. The ad hoc development of the health system in Ireland has resulted in i) a fragmented information infrastructure resulting in gaps in data collections particularly in the primary and community care sector where much palliative care is delivered, ii) ill-defined data governance arrangements across service providers, many of whom are not part of the publically funded health service and iii) systemic and temporal issues that affect data quality. Initiatives to improve data collections include introduction of i) patient unique identifiers, ii) health entity identifiers and iii) integration of the Eircode postcodes. Recently enacted general data protection and health research regulations will clarify legal and ethical requirements for data use. Conclusions: Ongoing reform initiatives and recent changes to data privacy laws combined with detailed knowledge of the datasets, appropriate permissions, and good study design will facilitate future use of administrative health and social care data for PEoLC research in Ireland.
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Kelly, Maria, Katie M. O'Brien, and Ailish Hannigan. "Using linked administrative health data for palliative and end of life care research in Ireland: potential and challenges." HRB Open Research 4 (February 9, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13215.1.
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Background: This study aims to examine the potential of currently available administrative health data for palliative and end-of-life care (PEoLC) research in Ireland. Objectives include to i) identify administrative health data sources for PEoLC research ii) describe the challenges and opportunities of using these and iii) estimate the impact of recent health system reforms and changes to data protection laws. Methods: The 2017 Health Information and Quality Authority catalogue of health and social care datasets was cross-referenced with a recognised list of diseases with associated palliative care needs. Criteria to assess the datasets included population coverage, data collected, data dictionary and data model availability and mechanisms for data access. Results: Eight datasets with potential for PEoLC research were identified, including four disease registries, (cancer, cystic fibrosis, motor neurone and interstitial lung disease), death certificate data, hospital episode data, community prescription data and one national survey. The ad hoc development of the health system in Ireland has resulted in i) a fragmented information infrastructure resulting in gaps in data collections particularly in the primary and community care sector where much palliative care is delivered, ii) ill-defined data governance arrangements across service providers, many of whom are not part of the publically funded health service and iii) systemic and temporal issues that affect data quality. Initiatives to improve data collections include introduction of i) patient unique identifiers, ii) health entity identifiers and iii) integration of the eircode postcodes. Recently enacted general data protection and health research regulations will clarify legal and ethical requirements for data use. Conclusions: With appropriate permissions, detailed knowledge of the datasets and good study design currently available administrative health data can be used for PEoLC research. Ongoing reform initiatives and recent changes to data privacy laws will facilitate future use of administrative health data for PEoLC research.
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Berg, Emily, Johgho Im, Zhengyuan Zhu, Colin Lewis-Beck, and Jie Li. "Integration of statistical and administrative agricultural data from Namibia." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 557–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200634.
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Statistical and administrative agencies often collect information on related parameters. Discrepancies between estimates from distinct data sources can arise due to differences in definitions, reference periods, and data collection protocols. Integrating statistical data with administrative data is appealing for saving data collection costs, reducing respondent burden, and improving the coherence of estimates produced by statistical and administrative agencies. Model based techniques, such as small area estimation and measurement error models, for combining multiple data sources have benefits of transparency, reproducibility, and the ability to provide an estimated uncertainty. Issues associated with integrating statistical data with administrative data are discussed in the context of data from Namibia. The national statistical agency in Namibia produces estimates of crop area using data from probability samples. Simultaneously, the Namibia Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry obtains crop area estimates through extension programs. We illustrate the use of a structural measurement error model for the purpose of synthesizing the administrative and survey data to form a unified estimate of crop area. Limitations on the available data preclude us from conducting a genuine, thorough application. Nonetheless, our illustration of methodology holds potential use for a general practitioner.
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Allan, John A., Gary D. Hanson, Nicole L. Schroder, Anna J. O’Mahony, Roxanne M. P. Foster, and Grant E. Sara. "Six years of national mental health seclusion data: the Australian experience." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (April 4, 2017): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217700298.
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Objectives: Reducing or eliminating seclusion from mental health care settings has been a national priority for Australia since 2005. This paper describes Australia’s national seclusion data collection, and summarises changes in seclusion rates in Australian public mental health services. Methods: Seclusion events per 1000 patient days were calculated from 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 utilising state and territory administrative data sources. Combined national data were used to calculate results for a number of service characteristics, such as target population and location of the service. Results: The rate of seclusion events decreased by 43% over the 6 years. Child and adolescent services reported consistently higher rates of seclusion, but a shorter duration of seclusion episodes, compared with other service types. There is high variation in seclusion rates between individual services (range 0.0–53.0 seclusion events per 1000 bed days in 2014–2015). Conclusions: Seclusion event rates in Australia’s specialised public acute mental health hospital services are declining. The use of existing administrative data was instrumental in establishing a national data source to facilitate the monitoring and reporting of progress of seclusion reduction strategies.
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Kursheva, Galina A., and Pavel S. Uchvatov. "NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE ELITE IN THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE’S COMMISSARS OF THE MORDOVIAN ASSR DURING THE AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC FORMATION." Historical Search 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-1-21-29.
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The article examines the personnel composition of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Mordovian ASSR in the mid-1930s. It was during the period of Mordovia’s national statehood formation that a high percentage of representatives of the titular nation in the Soviet and party authorities was observed. The example of the supreme body of state administration of the autonomous republic shows the influence of indigenisation process in the administrative apparatus on the upper level of the regional Soviet and economic elite of functionaries, which managed to form in the post-revolutionary decade and a half. Data on individual members of the CPC, including their origin, age, and previous activities, are provided. A significant influence of the national factor in selecting executive officers is noted, which was of greater importance than the level of education and previous work experience. At the same time, promotion of the national cadres in accordance with political requirements did not always take into account objective circumstances, and a rapid rise of untrained people often led to a decrease in the quality of the Soviet bureaucracy. The article is based on previously unpublished documents from the collections of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as data obtained from open sources.
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Boulanger, Virginie, Étienne Poirier, Anne MacLaurin, and Caroline Quach. "Divergences between healthcare-associated infection administrative data and active surveillance data in Canada." Canada Communicable Disease Report 48, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i01a02.
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Background: Although Canada has both a national active surveillance system and administrative data for the passive surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), both have identified strengths and weaknesses in their data collection and reporting. Active and passive surveillance work independently, resulting in results that diverge at times. To understand the divergences between administrative health data and active surveillance data, a scoping review was performed. Method: Medline, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature along with grey literature were searched for studies in English and French that evaluated the use of administrative data, alone or in comparison with traditional surveillance, in Canada between 1995 and November 2, 2020. After extracting relevant information from selected articles, a descriptive summary of findings was provided with suggestions for the improvement of surveillance systems to optimize the overall data quality. Results: Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, including twelve observational studies and four systematic reviews. Studies showed that using a single source of administrative data was not accurate for HAI surveillance when compared with traditional active surveillance; however, combining different sources of data or combining administrative with active surveillance data improved accuracy. Electronic surveillance systems can also enhance surveillance by improving the ability to detect potential HAIs. Conclusion: Although active surveillance of HAIs produced the most accurate results and remains the gold-standard, the integration between active and passive surveillance data can be optimized. Administrative data can be used to enhance traditional active surveillance. Future studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of potential solutions presented for the use of administrative data for HAI surveillance and reporting in Canada.
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Hopkins, Robert B., Natasha Burke, Charlene Fell, Genevieve Dion, and Martin Kolb. "Epidemiology and survival of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from national data in Canada." European Respiratory Journal 48, no. 1 (May 26, 2016): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01504-2015.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare disease, with estimates of prevalence varying considerably across countries due to paucity in data collection. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of IPF in Canada using administrative data requiring minimal extrapolation.We used mandatory national administrative data from 2007–2011 to identify IPF cases of all ages with an International Classification of Diseases (Version 10, Canadian) diagnosis code of J84.1. We used a broad definition that excluded cases with subsequent diagnosis of other interstitial lung diseases, and a narrow definition that required further diagnostic testing prior to IPF diagnosis. We explored survival and quality of life.For all ages, the broad prevalence of IPF was 41.8 per 100 000 (14 259 cases) and was higher for men. The incidence rate was 18.7 per 100 000 (6390 cases) and was higher for men. The narrow prevalence was 20.0 per 100 000 (6822 cases) and incidence was 9.0 per 100 000 (3057 cases). The 4-year risk of death was 41.0% and the quality of life with IPF after 2 years was lower than for Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Using comprehensive national data, the prevalence of IPF in Canada was higher than other national estimates, suggesting that either IPF may be more common in Canada or that data capture may have been previously limited.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National administrative data collections"
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Kelman, Christopher William, and christopher kelman@cmis csiro au. "Monitoring Health Care Using National Administrative Data Collections." The Australian National University. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020620.151547.
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With the inevitable adoption of information technology into all areas of human pursuit, the potential benefits for health care should not be overlooked. In Australia, details of most health care encounters are currently recorded for administrative purposes. This results in an impressive electronic data-bank that could provide a national resource for health service evaluation.
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Evaluation of health services has become increasingly important to provide indicators of the benefits, risks and cost-effectiveness of treatments. However, if administrative data are to be used for this purpose, several questions must first be addressed: Are the current data collections accessible? What outcome measures can be derived from these data? Can privacy issues be managed? Could the quality of the data be improved? Is the existing infrastructure adequate to supply data for evaluation purposes? Could the existing system provide a basis for the development of an integrated health information system?
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The aims of the project were:
· To examine the potential for using administrative data to generate outcome measures and surveillance indicators.
· To investigate the logistics of gaining access to these data for the purpose of research. This to be achieved within the current ethical, political and financial framework.
· To compare the Australian health-service data system with the current international state-of-the-art.
· To develop suggestions for expansion of the present system as part of an integrated health record and information system. This system to manage patient records and provide data for quality management, treatment surveillance and cost-effectiveness evaluation as a routine activity.
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The thesis is presented in two parts. In the first part, a historical cohort study is described that involved patients with implantable medical devices. The potential to evaluate outcomes was investigated using all national health-service information currently available in electronic form. Record linkage techniques were used to combine and augment the existing data collections. Australias national health databases are to varying degrees, amenable to such linkage and cover doctor visits, pharmaceuticals, hospital admissions and deaths. The study focused on medical devices as an illustrative case but the results are applicable to the routine assessment of all medical and surgical interventions.
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For the Australian Medical Devices study, the records of 5,316 patients who had medical device implants in 1993-94 were selected from the archives of a major private health insurer. Five groups of medical implants were studied: heart valves, pacemakers, hips, vascular grafts and intra-optic lenses. Outcomes for these patients, including death, re-operation and health service utilisation, were compared and analysed.
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A comparison study was performed using data from the Manitoba Health database in Winnipeg, Canada. Manitoba provides a very similar demographic group to that found in Australia and is an example of a prototype integrated-health-information system. One of the principal advantages for research is that personally identified data about medical and hospital services are collected for all patients. Selection bias is eliminated because individual consent is not required for this type of research and all selected patients could be included in the study.
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The two studies revealed many barriers to the use of administrative data for health outcomes research. Service event data for the Australian cohort could be collected but only after long delays and hospital morbidity data were not available for the entire cohort. In contrast to the situation in Australia, the Manitoba data were both accessible and complete, but were lacking in detail in some areas.
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Analysis of the collected data demonstrated that without the addition of clinical data only general indications of trends could be deduced. However, with minimal supplementary clinical data, it was possible to examine differences in performance between brands of medical devices thus indicating one of the uses for this type of data collection.
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In the second part of the thesis, conclusions are presented about the potential uses and limitations of the existing system and its use as a basis for the development of a national Integrated Health Record and Information System (IHRIS). The need for the establishment of a systemic quality management system for health care is discussed.
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The study shows that linked administrative data can provide information about health outcomes which is not readily available from other sources. If expanded and integrated, the system that is currently used to collect and manage administrative data, could provide the basis for a national health information system. This system would provide many benefits for health care. Benefits would include the monitoring, surveillance and cost-effectiveness analysis of new and existing treatments involving medical devices, drugs and surgical procedures. An integrated health information system could thus provide for both clinical and administrative needs, while in addition providing data for research.
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Unfortunately, in Australia, the use of administrative data for this purpose is not currently feasible. The principal barrier is the existence of a culture within the Australian health care system which is not supportive of research and is deficient in quality and safety measures.
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Recent initiatives by both the Commonwealth and state governments have supported the introduction of measures to improve quality and safety in health care. It is argued here that an Integrated Health Record and Information System (IHRIS) would provide an essential component of any such scheme. The results of this study have important policy implications for health care management in both the administrative and clinical domains.
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Baldin, Elisa. "Modern approaches to data collections in neuroepidemiology." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/838a8a1f-3378-4d4c-8a6e-e66070243166/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0026.pdf.
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ContexteL'utilisation de bases de données administratives a été mise en œuvre dans l’épidémiologie. Les systèmes informatisés correspondent aux données administratives sur la santé, fournissant de grands échantillons de patients pour des études observationnelles à long terme, c’est l’approche non expérimentale privilégiée pour tester les hypothèses.Le projet actuel montre l'application d'approches méthodologiques modernes pour l'étude des maladies neurologiques, en particulier: I. Étudier l'association entre l'exposition à l'allaitement maternel et la survenue d’une Sclérose en Plaque (SEP) à l'âge adulte en utilisant des données communautaires collectées de manière prospective; II. Évaluer l'effet d'une exposition aux antibiotiques sur le risque de développer une SEP dans la région Émilie-Romagne (RER), Italie; III. Évaluer la précision des certificats de décès dans l'identification des sujets atteints de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique dans la région Limousin, France.Matériel et Méthodes Pour l’étude I, une cohorte a regroupé les informations sur l'allaitement maternel collectées de manière prospective lors des enquêtes communautaires de la Cohorte de Norvège, le registre norvégien de la SEP pour les informations cliniques, puis le registre médical des naissances de la Norvège. Les associations entre l'allaitement maternel et l'apparition de la SEP ont été estimées.L’étude II était une étude cas-témoins niché en population générale dans la RER. Tous les patients diagnostiques d’une SEP dans les centres-SEP (2015-2017), ≥18 ans étaient éligibles. Pour chaque patient, les informations démographiques et cliniques ont été collectées puis 5 contrôles, sélectionnés parmi les résidents de la RER, ont été appariés en fonction de l'âge, du sexe, du lieu de résidence et de l'année d'indexation. Des informations concernant la prescription d'antibiotiques ont été obtenues grâce au lien avec la base de données des prescriptions de médicaments RER (code ATC « J01 »).Pour l’étude III, le registre français de SLA dans la région Limousin (FRALim) a été utilisé comme gold standard pour l'étude de validation en population générale. Les informations de décès des patients du registre FRALim et décédés entre 2000 et 2011, y compris les codes ICD10 pour une cause spécifique de décès, ont été collectées. La sensibilité et la valeur prédictive positive (VPP) ont été calculées.RésultatsEtude I: L’association entre le fait d'avoir été allaité au sein pendant minimum 4 mois et le risque de SEP n’a pas été significative, après ajustement sur divers facteurs maternels (HR=0.90; IC95% 0.68-1.19). Après divers ajustements sur différents facteurs périnataux et durées d'allaitement, l’association reste non significative. Etude II: Au cours de la période d'étude 877 sujets atteints de SEP et 4,205 témoins ont été inclus. L'exposition à un antibiotique au cours des trois années précédant l’indexation était positivement associée à la survenue d’une SEP (OR=1.52, IC95%1.29–1.79). Une exposition au cours des 8 et 13 années précédentes a montré une augmentation de la taille de l’effet (OR=1.95; 1.44-2.63 et OR=3.04; 1.07-8.68 respectivement). Des résultats similaires ont été trouvés pour différentes classes d'antibiotiques ou durée de période d’exposition. Aucun effet dose-réponse n'a été trouvé.Etude III: Les données de décès étaient disponibles pour 197 patients SLA, dont 185 (93.9%) étaient correctement identifiés par le code SLA ICD10. La sensibilité globale était de 93.9% (IC95% 89.6-96.8) et la VPP était de 64,9 (IC95% 59.1-70.4). Une stratification sur le sexe, l'âge et l'année de décès n'a pas montré de différence de précision.Discussion et conclusionCes études ont montré des bénéfices mais également des difficultés lors de l'application de méthodes épidémiologiques pour une large collection de données. Les différents risques de biais dans nos études ont été reconnus et surmontés dans la mesure du possibleBackgroundThe use of administrative databases has been implemented in epidemiological fields. Record linkage systems match data across administrative health databases supplying large samples for long-term observational studies, the preferred non-experimental approach to test hypotheses. The present project shows the application of modern methodological approaches to the study of neurological diseases, specifically: I. to investigate the association between exposure to breastfeeding and the occurrence of MS in adulthood using prospectively collected community-based data; II. to assess the effect of antibiotic exposure on the risk of developing MS in the Emilia-Romagna region (RER), Italy; III. to assess the accuracy of death certificates (DC) in the identification of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Limousin region, France. Materials and Methods Study I, a community-based cohort study, linking prospectively collected information on breastfeeding from the Cohort of Norway community-based surveys on health status with the Norwegian MS Registry for MS clinical information, and the population-based Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Associations between breastfeeding and MS onset were estimated.II: A population based nested case-control study in the Emilia Romagna region. All patients with MS diagnosis seen at MS-centers (2015-2017) aged ≥18 years were eligible. For each patient demographic and clinical information were collected and 5 controls, selected among RER residents, were matched on age, sex, place of residence and index year. Information on antibiotic prescription was obtained through the linkage with the RER drug prescription database (ATC code “J01”). III: The French register of ALS cases in the Limousin region (FRALim) was used as gold standard for the population-based validation study. DC information of patients in the FRALim register and deceased within 2000-2011, including ICD10 codes for specific cause of death, were provided. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.ResultsI: No association was found between having been breastfed at least 4 months and MS risk, adjusting for various maternal factors (HR = 0.90; 95%CI 0.68-1.19). The estimates did not change for different durations of breastfeeding or adjusting for perinatal factors.II: During the study period 877 subjects with MS and 4,205 controls were included. Exposure to any antibiotic in the three years before index was associated with MS (OR= 1.52, 1.29–1.79). An exposure in the 8 and 13 years before showed increased effects size (OR=1.95, 1.44-2.63 and OR=3.04, 1.07-8.68, respectively). Similar results were found for different classes of antibiotics or time lag exposures. No dose-response effect was found.III: DCs were available for 197 ALS patients, of whom 185 (93.9%) were correctly identified by the ALS ICD10 code. The overall sensitivity was 93.9% (95% CI 89.6-96.8) and the PPV was 64.9 (59.1-70.4). Stratification for sex, age and year at death did not show difference in accuracy. Discussion and ConclusionThe studies presented showed most of the values and issues in applying epidemiological methods to large collections of data. The different risks of bias in our studies were acknowledged and, whenever possible, overcome. The most frequently reported were information bias, with misclassification of exposure or outcome, and the lack of accuracy of measurement methods. Selection bias was avoided using population-based samples. The lack of covariates in most situations can only be reduced using appropriate surrogate variables.The application of neuroepidemiology to healthcare databases should therefore be an effort to maximize the signal over the noise, since the large amount of data may amplify the risk of bias. The use of this information need to be considered carefully and its validity should be assessed to correctly interpret the findings
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De, Jongh Martha Susanna. "A national electronic database of special music collections in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2370.
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Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.In the absence of a state-sponsored South African archive that focuses on collecting, ordering, cataloguing and preserving special music collections for research, the Documentation Centre for Music (DOMUS) was established in 2005 as a research project at the University of Stellenbosch. Music research in South Africa is often impeded by inaccessibility of materials, staff shortages at archives and libraries, financial constraints and time-consuming ordering and cataloguing processes. Additionally there is, locally, restricted knowledge of the existence, location and status of relevant primary sources. Accessibility clearly depends on knowing of the existence of materials, as well as the extent to which collections have been ordered and catalogued. An overview of repositories such as the Nasionale Afrikaanse Letterkundige Museum and Navorsingsentrum (NALN), the now defunct National Documentation Centre for Music and the International Library of African Music (ILAM) paints a troubling picture of archival neglect and disintegration. Apart from ILAM, which has a very specific collecting and research focus, this trend was one that ostensibly started in the 1980s and is still continuing. It could be ascribed to a lack of planning and forward thinking under the previous political dispensation, aggravated by policies of transformation and restructuring in the current one. Existing sources supporting research on primary materials are dated and not discipline-specific. Thus this study aims to address issues of inaccessibility of primary music materials by creating a comprehensive and ongoing national electronic database of special music collections in South Africa. It is hoped that this will help to alert researchers to the existence and status of special music collections housed at various levels of South African academic and civil society.
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Petraglia, Elizabeth Ellen. "Estimating County-Level Aggravated Assault Rates by Combining Data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439027433.
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Kelman, Christopher William. "Monitoring Health Care Using National Administrative Data Collections." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47457.
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With the inevitable adoption of information technology into all areas of human pursuit,
the potential benefits for health care should not be overlooked. In Australia, details of most health care encounters are currently recorded for administrative purposes. This results in an impressive electronic data-bank that could provide a national resource for health service evaluation.
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The aims of the project were: · To examine the potential for using administrative data to generate outcome measures and surveillance indicators. · To investigate the logistics of gaining access to these data for the purpose of research. This to be achieved within the current ethical, political and financial framework. · To compare the Australian health-service data system with the current international state-of-the-art. · To develop suggestions for expansion of the present system as part of an integrated health record and information system. This system to manage patient records and provide data for quality management, treatment surveillance and cost-effectiveness evaluation as a routine activity. ¶ The thesis is presented in two parts. In the first part, a historical cohort study is described that involved patients with implantable medical devices. ... ¶ In the second part of the thesis, conclusions are presented about the potential uses and limitations of the existing system and its use as a basis for the development of a national Integrated Health Record and Information System (IHRIS). ...¶ ... Unfortunately, in Australia, the use of administrative data for this purpose is not currently feasible. The principal barrier is the existence of a culture within the Australian health care system which is not supportive of research and is deficient in quality and safety measures. ¶ Recent initiatives by both the Commonwealth and state governments have supported the introduction of measures to improve quality and safety in health care. It is argued here that an Integrated Health Record and Information System (IHRIS) would provide an essential component of any such scheme. The results of this study have important policy implications for health care management in both the administrative and clinical domains.
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Wang, Chu-Lien, and 王菊連. "A Study on the Allocation of Human Resource and Collecting Cost of the National Tax Administration in Taiwan－The Research of Data Envelopment Analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2829wm.
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碩士國立臺中科技大學
財政稅務系租稅管理與理財規劃碩士班
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ABSTRACT All construction funds of the central government derive chiefly from taxes, especially the revenues from national taxes. National Tax Administrations are responsible for collecting national taxes. Human resources expenses are the most major costs of National Tax Administrations. This research proposes the Data Envelopment Analysis reallocation policies. This paper presents an alternative approach to reallocating human resources and collecting costs. Specifically, an aggregated concept in the form of data envelopment analysisAn application to illustrate manpower rightsizing in National Tax Administrations organizational setting also demonstrated using DEA for regular and contracted employees. The effective application of those resources will be proposed to National Tax Administrations during the process so that the research result can be successfully put into practice. These results demonstrate that the application is effective in reducing and transferring staff while maximizing organizational good output levels and minimizing bad output levels. The results also present directions for possible improvements in workplace efficiency. Keywords：National Tax Administration, Data Envelopment Analysis, Human Resource and Collecting Cost Efficiency
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National, Science Board (NSB). "Long-Lived Digital Data Collections: Enabling Research and Education in the 21st Century: Report of the National Science Board (Pre-publication draft, Approved by the National Science Board May 26, 2005, subject to final editorial changes.)." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105473.
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From the Executive Summary of the 67 page Report: The National Science Board (NSB, the Board) recognizes the growing importance of these digital data collections for research and education, their potential for broadening participation in research at all levels, the ever increasing National Science Foundation (NSF, the
Foundation) investment in creating and maintaining the collections, and the rapid multiplication of collections with a potential for decades of curation. In response the Board formed the Long-lived Data Collections Task Force. The Board and the task force undertook an analysis of the policy issues relevant to long-lived digital data collections. This report provides the findings and recommendations arising from that analysis.
The primary purpose of this report is to frame the issues and to begin a broad discourse. Specifically, the NSB and NSF working together â with each fulfilling its respective
responsibilities â need to take stock of the current NSF policies that lead to Foundation funding of a large number of data collections with an indeterminate lifetime and to ask what deliberate strategies will best serve the multiple research and education communities. The analysis of policy issues in Chapter IV and the specific recommendations in Chapter V of this report provide a framework within which that shared goal can be pursued over the coming months. The broader discourse would be better served by interaction, cooperation, and coordination
among the relevant agencies and communities at the national and international levels. Chapters II and III of this report, describing the fundamental elements of data collections and curation, provide a useful reference upon which interagency and international discussions can be
undertaken. The Board recommends that the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) take the lead in initiating and coordinating these interagency and international discussions.
Books on the topic "National administrative data collections"
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Tom, McEwen. National data collection on police use of force. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, 1996.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Preservation of Geoscience Data and Collections. Geoscience data and collections: National resources in peril. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2002.
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A, Langan Patrick, Smith Steven K, National Institute of Justice (U.S.), and United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics, eds. Police use of force: Collection of national data. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1997.
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Cresswick, Glenda. National directory of data collections in health, welfare and housing. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1996.
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Camarena, Norma T. Historic structure report: Administrative data, historical data, architectural data : Bank of Glen Jean, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1990.
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Camarena, Norma T. Bank of Glen Jean: New River Gorge National River, West Virginia : historic structure report : administrative data, historical data, architectural data. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1990.
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1948-, Gore Albert, ed. Reengineering through information technology: Accompanying report of the National Performance Review, Office of the Vice President. Washington, DC: The Review, 1993.
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A, Brown Sharon. Historic structure report: Administrative, historical, and architectural data sections, seawall, Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, Maryland. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1986.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: IRS is implementing the National Research Program as planned : report to the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. [Washington, D.C.]: GAO, 2003.
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A, Brown Sharon, and United States. National Park Service., eds. Historic structure report addendum: Administrative, historical, and architectural data sections : Slateford Farm complex, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pennsylvania. [Denver?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "National administrative data collections"
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Tu, Zipei. "New Data Governance: Building a Modern National Administrative System." In The New Civilization Upon Data, 161–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3081-2_7.
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Calzaroni, Manlio, Cristina Martelli, and Antonio Samaritani. "Generating High Quality Administrative Data: New Technologies in a National Statistical Reuse Perspective." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, 41–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73906-9_4.
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Curry, Helen Anne. "Data, Duplication, and Decentralisation: Gene Bank Management in the 1980s and 1990s." In Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development, 163–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6_9.
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AbstractIn the 1970s, the number of accessions held in national and international seed and gene banks increased steadily. This growth, initially a source of pride, was recognised as a liability by the 1980s. Too many accessions lacked the basic information necessary for researchers to access and use samples knowledgably. Many gene banks came under scrutiny for poor management practices and several found themselves accused of mishandling a ‘global patrimony’ entrusted to their care. In this paper, I explore one response to these concerns that attracted attention from many in the germplasm conservation community: creating linked, standardised databases of collections. Calls for more and better data about accessions often emphasised that these data would make collections easier to use and therefore more valued. Here I take a close look at the early history of data collation and standardisation as a means of ‘rationalising’ collections, a motivation that was not advertised as prominently. This historical example shows the infrastructures developed to facilitate data exchange in the context of seed and gene banking to have been tied up with both mundane imperatives to cut costs and lofty goals of building political bridges—in addition to the often-repeated ambition of making plant breeding more efficient.
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Crato, Nuno. "From Lack of Data to Data Unlocking." In Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy, 125–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16624-2_6.
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AbstractReliable cross-section and longitudinal data at national and regional level are crucial for monitoring the evolution of a society. However, data now available have many new features that allow for much more than to just monitor large aggregates’ evolution. Administrative data now collected has a degree of granularity that allows for causal analysis of policy measures. As a result, administrative data can support research, political decisions, and an increased public awareness of public spending. Unstructured big data, such as digital traces, provide even more information that could be put to good use. These new data is fraught with risks and challenges, but many of them are solvable. New statistical computational methods may be needed, but we already have many tools that can overcome most of the challenges and difficulties. We need political will and cooperation among the various agents. In this vein, this chapter discusses challenges and progress in the use of new data sources for policy causal research in social sciences, with a focus on economics. Its underlying concerns are the challenges and benefits of causal analysis for the effectiveness of policies. A first section lists some characteristics of the new available data and considers basic ethical perspectives. A second section discusses a few computational statistical issues on the light of recent experiences. A third section discusses the unforeseeable evolution of big data and raises a note of hope. A final section briefly concludes.
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Paglione, Lorenzo, Laura Cacciani, Giovanni Baglio, Maria Alessandra Brandimarte, Elisabetta Confaloni, Adelaide Landi, Livia Maria Salvatori, et al. "Characterising a Setting with a High Level of Informality, Integrating National and Specialised Surveys, Administrative and Census Data." In Urban Health, 57–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49446-9_6.
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Ramos, Howard, and Michael Haan. "How Canada’s Data Ecosystem Offers Insights on the Options for Studying Migration in an Unprecedented Era of Information." In IMISCOE Research Series, 149–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01319-5_8.
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AbstractIn an era in which unprecedented data on migration are collected, accessing and using it, as well as understanding the kinds of questions that can be engaged with it, often are under-examined. In this chapter, using the Canadian case, we assess how census and survey data collected by national statistics agencies, administrative data, and other data sources can be used in an unprecedented era of migration and data gathering. The chapter explores issues of data access, consistency of units of analysis and concepts, technical skill deficits, and what is missed in existing data sources. Finally, we assess the need for creating data spines and common protocols. Overall, we offer insights from our navigation of the Canadian data ecosystem and a practical assessment of what can be done with different types of data regarding the researching of migration and immigrant settlement.
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Proteasa, Viorel, and Andreea Vertes-Olteanu. "How to Cope with GDPR for Graduate Tracking: A Discussion at the Intersection of Law and Policy and Two Solutions." In Higher Education in Romania: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Opportunities, 193–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94496-4_10.
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AbstractResearch on higher education, and not only, has used data collected for administrative purposes—register data, to answer various policy-relevant questions. The employability of university graduates is one of such questions, which have been pending, especially in those countries whose higher education massified in the last decades. The promise of register data relies on its objective nature and apparent low cost: researchers are basically processing data that is collected for administrative purposes. In spite of these advantages, register data is still underused. Data protection restrictions, especially the alignment to the General Data Protection Regulation, are reported to temper the thrust towards making administrative data available as micro-data for secondary use. We consider that the policy dialogue would benefit from a transdisciplinary exploration of the solutions found in the EU to counter such reservations to the use of register for research. We propose an analysis at the intersection of policy studies and law of two solutions found in the EU to make register data available to researchers. We attempt to address two related questions: how are the processes designed? How is the GDPR compliance put into practice? We used structured observations of primary and secondary literature to collect our data. Our aim is to enrich the debate surrounding register data as a basis for policy-relevant research and, pragmatically, to indicate policy solutions that can be easily adjusted to national contexts in the EU and put on the table of decision-makers.
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Gorgerino, Francesco. "Legal Basis and Regulatory Applications of the Once-Only Principle: The Italian Case." In The Once-Only Principle, 104–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79851-2_6.
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AbstractThis study presents how the OOP is related to the constitutional and institutional principles concerning the good performance and impartiality of public authorities and the protection of citizens’ rights against the action of public administration, with special regard to the Italian regulatory framework. The national path towards the implementation of the principle is examined, starting from the obligation of the use of self-certifications in place of certificates and the automatic acquisition of data and documents in administrative procedures down to the digitalization of administrations and the interoperability of public databases. A specific paragraph is devoted to the OOP in public procurement, as crucial for development of the European digital single market.
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De Paola, Maria, Roberto Nisticò, and Vincenzo Scoppa. "Academic Careers and Fertility Decisions." In Teaching, Research and Academic Careers, 135–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07438-7_6.
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AbstractWe investigate how academic promotions affect the propensity of women to have a child. We use administrative data on the universe of female assistant professors employed in Italian universities from 2001 to 2018. We estimate a model with individual fixed effects and find that promotion to associate professor increases the probability of having a child by 0.6 percentage points, which translates into an increase by 12.5% of the mean. This result is robust to employing a Regression Discontinuity Design in which we exploit the eligibility requirements in terms of research productivity introduced since 2012 by the Italian National Scientific Qualification (NSQ) as an instrument for qualification (and therefore promotion) to associate professor. Our finding provides important policy implications in that reducing uncertainty on career prospects may lead to an increase in fertility.
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Bratti, Massimiliano, Giovanni Barbato, Daniele Biancardi, Chiara Conti, and Matteo Turri. "Degree-Level Determinants of University Student Performance." In Teaching, Research and Academic Careers, 267–318. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07438-7_10.
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AbstractAlthough features of the higher education degree programmes in which students are enrolled are likely to have an impact on their academic careers, primarily because of data limitations, research has mainly focused on individual, household and higher education institution drivers of student performance. To fill this knowledge gap, this chapter presents a study using administrative data on the complete supply of higher education degrees in Italy during 2013–2018 to carry out an analysis of the degree-programme determinants of university student performance, as measured by the National Agency for the Evaluation of the University System and Research (ANVUR) ‘quality’ indicators. After controlling for detailed degree subject–geographic macro-area fixed effects, our analysis uncovers several significant degree-programme predictors of university student performance, including the degree’s type of access (i.e. selectivity), language of instruction, composition of the teaching body, percentage of teachers in ‘core’ subjects, teachers’ research performance (for master degrees) and university spatial competition.
Conference papers on the topic "National administrative data collections"
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Lopes, Murilo Cruz, Marília de Matos Amorim, Valéria Souza Freitas, and Rodrigo Tripodi Calumby. "Survival Prediction for Oral Cancer Patients: A Machine Learning Approach." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2021.17466.
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There is a high incidence of oral cancer in Brazil, with 150,000 new cases estimated for 2020-2022. In most cases, it is diagnosed at an advanced stage and are related to many risk factors. The Registro Hospitalar de Câncer (RHC), managed by Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), is a nation-wide database that integrates cancer registers from several hospitals in Brazil. RHC is mostly an administrative database but also include clinical, socioeconomic and hospitalization data for each patient with a cancer diagnostic in the country. For these patients, prognostication is always a difficult task a demand multi-dimensional analysis. Therefore, exploiting large-scale data and machine intelligence approaches emerge as promising tool for computer-aided decision support on death risk estimation. Given the importance of this context, some works have reported high prognostication effectiveness, however with extremely limited data collections, relying on weak validation protocols or simple robustness analysis. Hence, this work describes a detailed workflow and experimental analysis for oral cancer patient survival prediction considering careful data curation and strict validation procedures. By exploiting multiple machine learning algorithms and optimization techniques the proposed approach allowed promising survival prediction effectiveness with F1 and AuC-ROC over 0.78 and 0.80, respectively. Moreover, a detailed analysis have shown that the minimization of different types of prediction errors were achieved by different models, which highlights the importance of the rigour in this kind of validation.
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Cˇilli´k, Ivan, and Ja´n Procha´ska. "Bohunice Simulator Data Collection Project." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22704.
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The paper describes the way and results of human reliability data analysis collected as a part of the Bohunice Simulator Data Collection Project (BSDCP), which was performed by VUJE Trnava, Inc. with funding support from the U.S. DOE, National Nuclear Security Administration. The goal of the project was to create a methodology for simulator data collection and analysis to support activities in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) and human reliability assessment for Jaslovske Bohunice nuclear power plant consisting of two sets of twin units: two VVER 440/V-230 (V1) and two VVER 440/V-213 (V2) reactors. During the project training of V-2 control room crews was performed at VUJE-Trnava simulator. The simulator training and the data collection were done in parallel. The main goal of BSDCP was to collect suitable data of human errors under simulated conditions requiring the use of symptom-based emergency operating procedures (SBEOPs). The subjects of the data collection were scenario progress time data, operator errors, and real-time technological parameters. The paper contains three main parts. The first part presents preparatory work and semi-automatic computer-based methods used to collect data and to check technological parameters in order to find hidden errors of operators, to be able to retrace the course of each scenario for purposes of further analysis, and to document the whole training process. The first part gives also an overview of collected data scope, human error taxonomy, and state classifications for SBEOP instructions coding. The second part describes analytical work undertaken to describe time distribution necessary for execution of various kinds of instructions performed by operators according to the classification for coding of SBEOP instructions. It also presents the methods used for determination of probability distribution for different operator errors. Results from the data evaluation are presented in the last part of the paper. An overview of observed human error probabilities (HEP) according to the developed taxonomy is given. HEP observed during training process were used as reference input data for HRA (Human Reliability Assesment) within existing PSAs performed by VUJE. Observing two different training seasons offered an opportunity to compare a progress achieved through the training process. This paper shows us how it is possible to make this kind of comparison in order to establish an objective measure of training quality and to determine training weaknesses. Results gained during the project-evoked interest of different NPPs (Nuclear Power Plant) in Slovak Republic to collect and process simulator data for further improvement of human factor safety, operational procedures, training process, etc.
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Shih, H. H. "Recent Advances in In-Situ Ocean Observation." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-58045.
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Ocean observation has evolved tremendously, from collection and exchange of weather and sea state information by ocean going ships in the late 19th century to today’s multisensor, multi-platform, multi-disciplinary, large scale observation networks. Data are now transmitted and disseminated automatically in real-time to a variety of user groups with significant social and economical implications. This paper provides an overview of representative advances in in-situ ocean observation during the past decade. Major driving forces and representative advances and trends in in-situ observation are described. Advances are discussed under the categories of observation infrastructure and major measurement system components including sensor, platform, data collection and telemetry, and power supply. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a major participant of the global ocean observation programs and examples of its contributions and activities are introduced.
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Jahnke, Lori M., and Chris Palazzolo. "Collections Data, Tools, and Strategy: Applying R, Tableau, and Excel to Print Assessment." In Charleston Library Conference. Purdue Univeristy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317141.
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As is the case at most academic libraries, collection assessment has become an essential component of collection management and development work. Although much of the assessment focus has disproportionately fallen on e-resources, print collections remain fruitful areas for evaluation and review. At Emory, print collections, including a complex approval plan, continue to be a significant component of our overarching collection strategy (in volume and expenditure). However, shifting priorities for library space and the growth of interdisciplinary programs and centers within the University are placing a higher demand on subject librarians for communication and coordinated decision-making regarding print acquisitions. As a result, we are currently preparing for a comprehensive print collection review, of which the approval plan is an integral component. This assessment will inform a more coherent print strategy, which effectively and efficiently meets research and teaching requirements as well as administrative needs. Using data cleaning and visualization tools, such as R, Excel, and Tableau, we have enriched our local usage data with detailed Gobi approval data (e.g., series, publisher, subject, etc.) and profile parameters. Merging these data types and enriching local use data will allow us to analyze the print collection in a more nuanced fashion and ask questions that do not require the LC classification framework. This analysis considers the development of additional tools and approaches that facilitate subject specialist communication with collection management and overall collaborative decision-making, especially in cross disciplinary areas.
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de Souza Vilela, Ednaldo, Filipe José Dias, and Marcos B. L. Dalmau. "Development of Administration Professional Competences in Brazilian Public Universities: A Multicase Study in Florianópolis." In 2nd International Conference on NLP Techniques and Applications (NLPTA 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111903.
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The article aims to investigate how the development of competences applied to the professional formation of the egress administrator of public municipal higher education institutions in the Florianópolis region occurs under perspective of teachers and coordinators of the bachelor's degree in administration course. For this, a qualitative and documentary research was carried out, using a structured questionnaire applied to 20 people as a data collection instrument, including 2 course coordinators and 18 professors from the studied institutions who teach the subjects whose contents are related to professional formation from the administrator. The results show that the new national curriculum guidelines encourage the development of competences. In this context, despite the effort to comply with such devices, there is some misalignment between the teaching plans and the pedagogical project of the course. Difficulties in implementing formation based on competence and lack of institutional stimuli are also perceived.
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Wang, I.-Jen, Ren-Hui Zhong, Christy Pu, and Kuan-Chia Lin. "Concordance between self-reported and national health insurance administrative data for care continuity measurements." In The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Environmental Research and Public Health —Public Health Issues in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecerph-3-09038.
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Orlova, Valentina. "The Role of Internet Technologies in Improvement of Tax Administration Efficiency in Ukraine: Problems and Prospects." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00245.
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In the current context information technologies including Internet technologies are the most important factor in providing sustainable social and economic development of the nation. Taking part in implementing government functions they represent a new form of citizens public authorities communication within the bounds of e-government. Offices of State Tax Administration of Ukraine are part of public electronic space and are actively employing Internet technologies in administering their functions. They are represented by hardware and software for information collection, processing, transfer and storage, and also serve as active communication medium with taxpayers. Official website of tax administration of Ukraine has 20 sections, 163 sub-sections and more than 400 heads in Ukrainian, Russian and English languages. In conditions of taxation system reforming it provides on-line access to live information and is efficient tool in forming optimal ties with taxpayers providing feedback in discussing topical taxation questions. Introduction into effect of the Tax Code has made fundamental changes in tax procedure and administration methods. Procedure of submitting tax accounts in electronic form through Internet has been improved. It enables to aggregate taxpayers review data and tax offices accounting data into unified technological process. The paper gives analysis of the influence of IT on improving efficiency of tax administration in the current context and assessment of the prospects for its further improvement.
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NEAMȚU, Daniela Mihaela, and Cristian Valentin HAPENCIUC. "STATISTICAL COORDINATES OF YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS IN THE ROMANIAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN THE NORTH-EAST REGION." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/01.06.
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The terms "entrepreneurship "and "entrepreneur" have become increasingly used around the world because entrepreneurship tends to be associated with the economic development and well-being of a nation. When we refer to entrepreneurship education, we must consider not only formal education, which is very important in fact business administration, marketing, sales, human resources, communication and PR, finance but also getting in touch with entrepreneurial models. Therefore, entrepreneurship education is different from traditional academic education and involves the soading of unique aspirations and attitudes to entrepreneurs, which can only develop through contact with entrepreneurial success stories and through contact with entrepreneurs who have succeeded. But just as importantly, young people need to understand not only a romanticised interpretation of entrepreneurship, but also the negative aspects of starting a business. Comparing with entrepreneurs from other countries we are among the last to see the potential of success stories in entrepreneurship education and we are the first by the perceived importance of formal tertiary education. This last type of education could best be supported by government measures, because the universities in Romania are predominantly "state-owned". The general objective of the present research is represented by identifying the profile of young people from the North-East area who intend to open a business in the near / distant future in order to be able to get an overview of the interest that young people show in the business environment. Within quantitative methods of data processing, the basic is the sociological survey, and the main tool for collecting data is the questionnaire. All study tools are administered and applied online, and the collection and centralization of data is done automatically and securely.
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Hartwell, William T., and David S. Shafer. "The Community Environmental Monitoring Program: A Model for Stakeholder Involvement in Environmental Monitoring." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7180.
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Since 1981, the Community Environmental Monitoring Program (CEMP) has involved stakeholders directly in its daily operation and data collection, as well as in dissemination of information on radiological surveillance in communities surrounding the Nevada Test Site (NTS), the primary location where the United States (US) conducted nuclear testing until 1992. The CEMP is funded by the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration, and is administered by the Desert Research Institute (DRI) of the Nevada System of Higher Education. The CEMP provides training workshops for stakeholders involved in the program, and educational outreach to address public concerns about health risk and environmental impacts from past and ongoing NTS activities. The network includes 29 monitoring stations located across an approximately 160,000 km2 area of Nevada, Utah and California in the southwestern US. The principal radiological instruments are pressurized ion chambers for measuring gamma radiation, and particulate air samplers, primarily for alpha/beta detection. Stations also employ a full suite of meteorological instruments, allowing for improved interpretation of the effects of meteorological events on background radiation levels. Station sensors are wired to state-of-the-art dataloggers that are capable of several weeks of on-site data storage, and that work in tandem with a communications system that integrates DSL and wireless internet, land line and cellular phone, and satellite technologies for data transfer. Data are managed through a platform maintained by the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC) that DRI operates for the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The WRCC platform allows for near real-time upload and display of current monitoring information in tabular and graphical formats on a public web site. Archival data for each station are also available on-line, providing the ability to perform trending analyses or calculate site-specific exposure rates. This configuration also allows for remote programming and troubleshooting of sensors. Involvement of stakeholders in the monitoring process provides a number of benefits, including increased public confidence in monitoring results, as well as decreasing costs by more than 50 percent from when the program was managed entirely by U.S. federal employees. Additionally, the CEMP provides an ideal platform for testing new environmental sensors.
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Henery, PM, R. Dundas, SV Katikireddi, A. Leyland, R. Wood, and A. Pearce. "P50 Development of a national cohort from linked administrative data for understanding child health and informing early years’ policy." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.144.
Full textReports on the topic "National administrative data collections"
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Haver, Samara. Analysis of underwater soundscape conditions at Buck Island Reef National Monument during the COVID-19 pandemic: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294883.
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In partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Oregon State University, the National Park Service has been collecting continuous acoustic recordings at a stationary autonomous recorder in Buck Island Reef National Monument since 2016. The audio data were previously analyzed to establish baseline soundscape conditions as well as monitor the acoustic presence of vessels and humpback whales. This report specifically investigates potential changes to the soundscape environment during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent “anthro-pause” when human activities such as tourism and commercial shipping were interrupted by public health guidance. Although major declines of anthropogenic activities were observed in other regions of the world, soundscape conditions in Buck Island Reef National Monument were only minimally impacted during early 2020. Furthermore, in latter months of 2020 and into 2021, vessel movement and related noise levels slightly increased from historic levels. Humpback whale vocalizations were also analyzed for seasonal presence in Buck Island Reef National Monument, revealing a consistent pattern with previously analyzed seasons. Ongoing passive acoustic soundscape monitoring will provide data that can be used to evaluate continued impacts of anthropogenic activity in and near Buck Island Reef National Monument.
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Khan Mohmand, Shandana, and Miguel Loureiro. Key Considerations: Supporting Better Governance of Flood Relief Efforts in Pakistan. SSHAP, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.036.
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Relief, rehabilitation, and recovery from climate emergencies require getting the governance of disaster and crisis management right. In Pakistan, there are five actions where response actors can either contribute directly, or facilitate action to enable effective interventions: Support the collection, coordination, and dissemination of data relating to the crisis; Help regenerate multi-sectoral cooperation and partnerships; Assist the vertical integration of institutions at the sub-national level; Urge coordinated resources across response actors: donors, government officials, and civil society; Strengthen social protection systems in the longer term. Most of these are familiar to those that work on humanitarian crises in Pakistan, but they represent unresolved bottlenecks in responding effectively to a crisis. Getting these areas of action right is critical for the current crisis and to prepare for other expected and accelerating climate emergencies. To expand on these five elements, this brief draws on the authors' experiences of national and international responses to previous disasters and their aftermaths in Pakistan. It was written by Shandana Khan Mohmand and Miguel Loureiro at the Institute of Development Studies, and was reviewed by Saba Aslam (Institute of Business Administration, Karachi), Luqman Hakeem, (UNICEF), Hayley MacGregor (IDS), Annie Wilkinson (IDS) and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), and edited by Victoria Haldane (Anthrologica). This brief was commissioned by and remains the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Dutra, Lauren M., Matthew C. Farrelly, Brian Bradfield, Jamie Ridenhour, and Jamie Guillory. Modeling the Probability of Fraud in Social Media in a National Cannabis Survey. RTI Press, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0046.2109.
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Cannabis legalization has spread rapidly in the United States. Although national surveys provide robust information on the prevalence of cannabis use, cannabis disorders, and related outcomes, information on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KABs) about cannabis is lacking. To inform the relationship between cannabis legalization and cannabis-related KABs, RTI International launched the National Cannabis Climate Survey (NCCS) in 2016. The survey sampled US residents 18 years or older via mail (n = 2,102), mail-to-web (n = 1,046), and two social media data collections (n = 11,957). This report outlines two techniques that we used to problem-solve several challenges with the resulting data: (1) developing a model for detecting fraudulent cases in social media completes after standard fraud detection measures were insufficient and (2) designing a weighting scheme to pool multiple probability and nonprobability samples. We also describe our approach for validating the pooled dataset. The fraud prevention and detection processes, predictive model of fraud, and the methods used to weight the probability and nonprobability samples can be applied to current and future complex data collections and analysis of existing datasets.
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Pstuty, Norbert, Mark Duffy, Dennis Skidds, Tanya Silveira, Andrea Habeck, Katherine Ames, and Glenn Liu. Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Geomorphological Monitoring Protocol: Part I—Ocean Shoreline Position, Version 2. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293713.
Full textAbstract:
Following a review of Vital Signs – indicators of ecosystem health – in the coastal parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (NCBN), knowledge of shoreline change was ranked as the top variable for monitoring. Shoreline change is a basic element in the management of any coastal system because it contributes to the understanding of the functioning of the natural resources and to the administration of the cultural resources within the parks. Collection of information on the vectors of change relies on the establishment of a rigorous system of protocols to monitor elements of the coastal geomorphology that are guided by three basic principles: 1) all of the elements in the protocols are to be based on scientific principles; 2) the products of the monitoring must relate to issues of importance to park management; and 3) the application of the protocols must be capable of implementation at the local level within the NCBN. Changes in ocean shoreline position are recognized as interacting with many other elements of the Ocean Beach-Dune Ecosystem and are thus both driving and responding to the variety of natural and cultural factors active at the coast at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. The direction and magnitude of shoreline change can be monitored through the application of a protocol that tracks the spatial position of the neap-tide, high tide swash line under well-defined conditions of temporal sampling. Spring and fall surveys conducted in accordance with standard operating procedures will generate consistent and comparable shoreline position data sets that can be incorporated within a data matrix and subsequently analyzed for temporal and spatial variations. The Ocean Shoreline Position Monitoring Protocol will be applied to six parks in the NCBN: Assateague Island National Seashore, Cape Cod National Seashore, Fire Island National Seashore, Gateway National Recreation Area, George Washington Birthplace National Monument, and Sagamore Hill National Historic Site. Monitoring will be accomplished with a Global Positioning System (GPS )/ Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) unit capable of sub-meter horizontal accuracy that is usually mounted on an off-road vehicle and driven along the swash line. Under the guidance of a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (Psuty et al., 2022), the monitoring will generate comparable data sets. The protocol will produce shoreline change metrics following the methodology of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by the United States Geological Survey. Annual Data Summaries and Trend Reports will present and analyze the collected data sets. All collected data will undergo rigorous quality-assurance and quality-control procedures and will be archived at the offices of the NCBN. All monitoring products will be made available via the National Park Service’s Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal.
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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei, and Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.
Full textAbstract:
This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.
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Starkey, Eric, Daniel McCay, Chrisopher Cooper, and Mark Hynds. Assessment of estuarine water and sediment quality at Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294854.
Full textAbstract:
In July 2021 the Southeast Coast Network conducted an assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of the National Coastal Assessment Program (EPA 2010). Laboratory analysis measured chlorophyll a and total and dissolved concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. Field measurements included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Water clarity, which requires a Secchi depth measurement, was obtained when possible. All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). Water clarity was not calculated at all sites due to the shallow depth of the water in the sound. Of the sites where water clarity could be assessed (5 sites), four measured good and one fair. Sites that were too shallow to measure water clarity had water column conditions that did not preclude light from penetrating to the bottom of the water body so no ecological effects would be expected.Turbidity measurements ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) and are good (i.e. < 25 NTU [Nephelometric Turbidity Units]) according to North Carolina Standards (NC Administrative Code 2019). Note that turbidity units of FNU and NTU are roughly equivalent. Chlorophyll a concentration was rated good at 29 sites (97%), and fair at one site (3%). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom) was rated good at all 30 sites (100%). A water-quality condition summary index was calculated for each site sampled at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores based on the categorical assessments of chlorophyll a, DIN and DIP concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. This summary index indicated good water-quality conditions at all thirty sites (100%). Based on the summary water-quality index rating, overall water-quality conditions at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores during sampling in 2021 were good. For sediment, ecological condition was ranked as good at 30 sites (100%). As a result, no adverse impacts to benthic organisms due to sediment contamination are anticipated at any of the sampled sites. This ranking was assigned according to the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency, National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) thresholds for sediment chemistry.
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DiGrande, Laura, Sue Pedrazzani, Elizabeth Kinyara, Melanie Hymes, Shawn Karns, Donna Rhodes, and Alanna Moshfegh. Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
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Mirel, Lisa, Cindy Zhang, Christine Cox, Ye Yeats, Félix Suad El Burai, and Golden Cordell. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744.
Full textAbstract:
"Objectives—Linking national survey data with administrative data sources enables researchers to conduct analyses that would not be possible with each data source alone. Recently, the Data Linkage Program at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) released updated Linked Mortality Files, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data linked to the National Death Index mortality files. Two versions of the files were released: restricted-use files available through NCHS and Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and public-use files. To reduce the reidentification risk, statistical disclosure limitation methods were applied to the public-use files before they were released. This included limiting the amount of mortality information available and perturbing cause of death and follow-up time for select records. Methods—To assess the comparability of the restricted-use and public-use files, relative hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards models were estimated and compared. Results—The comparative analysis found that the two data files yield similar descriptive and model results. Suggested citation: Mirel LB, Zhang C, Cox CS, Ye Y, El Burai Félix S, Golden C. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. National Health Statistics Reports; no 155. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744. CS323656 nhsr155-508.pdf"
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Bolton, Laura. The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Colombia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.073.
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Available data provide a picture for the macro-economy of Colombia, agriculture, and infrastructure. Recent data on trends on public procurement were difficult to find within the scope of this rapid review. In 2020, macro-level employment figures show a large drop between February and April when COVID-19 lockdown measures were first introduced, followed by a gradual upward trend. In December 2020, the employment rate was 4.09 percentage points lower than the employment rate in December 2019. Macro-level figures from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) show that a higher percentage of men experienced job losses than women in November 2020. However, the evidence presented by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia based on the DANE great integrated house survey shows that a higher proportion of all jobs lost were lost by women in the second quarter. It may be that the imbalance shifted over time, but it is not possible to directly compare the data. Evidence suggests that women were disproportionately more burdened by home activities due to the closure of schools and childcare. There is also a suggestion that women who have lost out where jobs able to function during lockdowns with technology are more likely to be held by men. Literature also shows that women have lower levels of technology literacy. There is a lack of reliable data for understanding the economic impacts of COVID-19 for people living with disabilities. A report on the COVID-19 response and disability for the Latin America region recommends improving collaboration between policymakers and non-governmental organisations. Younger people experienced greater job losses. Data for November 2020 show 3.3 percent of the population aged under 25 lost their job compared to 1.8 percent of those employed between 24 and 54. Agriculture, livestock, and fishing increased by 2.8% in 2020 compared to 2019. And the sector as a whole grew 3.4% between the third and fourth quarters of 2020. In terms of sector differences, construction was harder hit by the initial mobility restrictions than agriculture. Construction contracted by 30.5% in the second quarter of 2020. It is making a relatively healthy recovery with reports that 84% of projects being reactivated following return to work. The President of the Colombian Chamber of Construction predicting an 8.4% growth in the construction of housing and other buildings in 2021.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
Full textAbstract:
Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.