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1
Hamilton, Kirk Evans. "Sustainable development and green national accounts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317894/.
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Defining sustainable development as non-declining utility, the relationship between sustainable development and optimal growth is examined critically in Part 1. The operation of the Hartwick rule for an exhaustible resource is explored under different values of the elasticity of substitution between capital and resources. The Hartwick rule is then extended to the case of fossil fuels, where carbon dioxide emissions arise as an externality. Optimal growth paths with exhaustible resources are shown to be non-sustainable for positive pure rates of time preference or if produced capital depreciates. For linked environment-economy models where pollution stocks dissipate, the optimal steady state is characterized and feasibility conditions for the steady state derived. When resources are renewable and production leads to emissions that damage the resource, the restrictions on the feasible resource stock size in the steady state are determined. Part 2 considers the problem of measuring sustainable development, deriving 'green NNP' as a transformation of the Hamiltonian function for an optimal control problem. Two problems in accounting for exhaustible resources are developed: resource discoveries and heterogeneous resource deposits. The key issue of the treatment of pollution and pollution abatement in green national accounts is explored through a series of six models: flow pollutants, stock pollutants, impairment of pollution dissipation, fossil fuels and carbon dioxide, living resources and acid rain, and household defensive expenditures. The models of flow accounts are extended to green wealth accounting, where it is shown that stocks of pollution can be treated as liabilities in the national balance sheet. Empirical measures of sustainable development are presented in Part 3, with a discussion of the policy implications of green national accounting. Estimates of the value of pollution and 'genuine' savings rates are presented for the UK and selected European countries. The genuine savings analysis is extended to resource depletion and carbon emission damages for over 50 developing countries, revealing significant dissaving in Subsaharan Africa.
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Sambt, Jože Malačič Janez. "National transfer accounts for Slovenia : doctoral dissertation /." Ljubljana : [J. Sambt], 2009. http://www.cek.ef.uni-lj.si/doktor/sambt283.pdf.
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Gray, Breda M. "Locations of Irishness : Irish women's accounts of national identity." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284664.
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Yuting, Feng. "Analyzing European National Accounts Data for Detection of anomalous observation." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35667.
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Maarof, Salman. "L'applicabilité du système de comptabilité nationale 1993 en Syrie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0061.
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Bien que le SCN 1993 ait été mis en place depuis plus de quinze ans, certains pays ne l'ont toujours pas mis en application, tandis que d'autres affirment l'appliquer sans qu'en réalité il ne le soit parfaitement.Les difficultés de la mise en œuvre du SCN 1993 s'expliquent par plusieurs raisons parmi lesquelles nous pouvons répertorier la disponibilité des sources de données et les bases de données.La Syrie n'a pas adapté le SCN 1993, et les comptes nationaux syriens sont aujourd'hui encore établis selon le SCN 1968.Dans notre recherche, nous avons analysé la qualité des données des comptes nationaux pour réaliser une application complète du SCN 1993 au département des comptes nationaux de Syrie.Ce système n'est certes pas en cours, mais l'application complète donnerait une réelle image de l'économie syrienne. Afin de réaliser cet objectif, et en profitant des expériences que nous offrent les autres pays, il était indispensable d'analyser la qualité des données de la comptabilité nationale produites au sein du département de la comptabilité nationale. Ce travail doit nous permettre de connaître la capacité de la Syrie à répondre aux recommandations du SCN 1993.Le SCN 2008 publié récemment, ne fait qu'approfondir le besoin d'adapter le système syrien au SCN. .Il est essentiel de garder à l'esprit que l'objectif n'est pas d'annoncer avec précipitation appliquer le système, mais il est urgent de produire et d'être capable de faire de vraies données et ainsi d'appliquer sainement le SCN.Cette recherche n'est pas un aboutissement mais se veut au contraire être le point de départ de d'une réflexion approfondie sur la refonte complète de la comptabilité nationale syrienne qui permettra de produire des données saines qui reflètent la réalité économique et permettent d'établir des stratégies économiques et de permettre le développement économique de la SyrieAlthough the SNA 1993 has been established for over fifteen years, some countries have still not yet implemented, while others pretend implementing it, without it being correctly applied.The difficulties in the implementation of the SNA 1993 are explained by a few main reasons among which we can identify the availability of data sources and databases.Syria has still not adopted the SNA 1993, and the Syrian national accounts are still set according to the 1968 SNA.In our research, we analyzed the quality of national accounts data to make a good applicability of the 1993 SNA of national accounts department of Syria.To achieve this goal, and taking advantage of the experiences that other countries offer us, it was necessary to analyze the quality of national accounts data produced in the department of the national accounts.The work should enable us to know our ability to respond to the recommendations of the system 93.The SNA 2008 has recently been published, however, we believe that when we are able to generate sound data, we will also be able to practice any developed system.It is essential to keep in mind that the goal is not to announce has only the implementation of the system. But it is urgent to produce and be able to do real data and to apply reasonably well the SNA.This research is not an end but will instead be the starting point of the national accounts, in order to produce sound data that reflect the reality of the economic in the future, for the establishment of economic strategies and economic development of Syria
6
Venneslan, Christian. "Industrial development in Norway 1896 - 1939 : in view of historical national accounts /." Bergen : Norges Handelshøyskole, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/571281176.pdf.
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SILVA, JULIO MARCO ALVES DA. "ESTIMATION OF THE FAMILY CONSUMPTION FOR NATIONAL ACCOUNTS - THE PROPOSITION OF A METHODOLOGY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1728@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORTendo como objetivo a construção de uma metodologia para a estimação do agregado do Consumo Pessoal para as Contas Nacionais do Brasil, o presente trabalho contém a definição de uma modificação sobre o Estimador de Regressão de Nadaraya-Watson (NWRE), que objetiva o uso de uma rede neural tipo RBF sobre dados provenientes de duas pesquisas dotadas de planos amostrais amplamente diferenciados, quais sejam: POF e PNAD. A partir da aplicação de tal modelo, são obtidos dados e calculados erros estimados, além de outras estatísticas que se mostram úteis na validação das estimativas.
It is the objective of this dissertation to produce a methodological framework to the estimation of the Family Comsumption agregate in the brasilian National Accounts. In order to perform this task, a modification in the Nadaraya-Watson Regression Estimator (NWRE) has been developed, intended to allow the use of an RBF neural network in the context of data originated in two surveys which significantly differ in sample design, which are POF and PNAD. From the application of the developed methodology, groups of data are presented, providing results, estimated errors and other statistics useful for the comprehension and validation of the model.
El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer una metodologia para la estimación del agregado del Consumo familiar para las Cuentas Nacionales del Brasil. Para ello, se define una modificación sobre el Estimador de Regresión de Nadaraya- Watson (NWRE), que tiene como objetivo el uso de una red neural tipo RBF sobre datos provenientes de dos investigaciones dotadas de planos muestrales ampliamente diferenciados: POF y PNAD. A partir de la aplicación de tal modelo, se obtienen los datos y se calculan los erros estimados, además de otras estadísticas útiles en la evaluación de las estimativas.
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Sam, Michael P. "Patterns of organizational politics in national sport organizations, accounts and perceptions of executive directors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0003/MQ46275.pdf.
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Müller, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Data Quality Assessments of the System of National Accounts at the International Level / Patrick Müller." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105097834X/34.
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Petrera, Margarita. "Reflections for a Sectoral Health Policy for Peru Based for on the National Health Accounts." Economía, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116848.
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The objective of this article is to offer those responsible for the Peruvian health rectorship reflections on sectoral policy derived from the study of the country’s National Health Accounts (1995-2014). While it is true that the country has increased its spending on health from 4.4 to 5.2% of GDP, 33% of its total funding comes from household «out of pocket expense», which indicates that change is necessary. Problems in the responsiveness of the health system to greater funding and public expenditure, linked to issues of rectorship and service organization, are apparent.Although there has been an increase in numbers of people with insurance, the restrictions on what is covered prevent the great majority of these people accessing health services. The most important change in the public administration of expenditure has been decentralization, while in the private administration it has been the vertical integration of providers and insurers, which has given rise to a new agent: the health investor.The article concludes that the country is still far from being able to finance the aim of universal access to health care. Recommendations to improve the funding, joint administration, and expenditure point, almost simultaneously, towards generating greater public funding and social security within an active policy aimed at improving the global efficiency and institutionality ofthe system, which should work to the advantage of better health results as well to drastically decrease household pocket expense. Therefore, the success of the financial function is closely related to the adequate performance of the functions of rectorship and provision.El artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer a los responsables de la rectoría en salud las reflexiones de política sectorial que se derivan del estudio de las Cuentas Nacionales de Salud (1995-2014) del país. Si bien el país ha incrementado el gasto en salud del 4,4 al 5,2% del PIB, el «gasto de bolsillo de los hogares» constituye el 33% del total del financiamiento, lo que requiere modificar sucomposición. Se advierten problemas en la capacidad de respuesta del sistema de salud al mayor financiamiento y gasto público, que se vinculan a temas de rectoría y organización de la prestación.Si bien el aseguramiento se ha incrementado, las restricciones en la oferta impiden que las personas afiliadas a algún tipo de seguro puedan, en su gran mayoría, acceder a los servicios de salud. El cambio más importante en la gestión pública del gasto es la descentralización, mientras que en la gestión privada lo es la integración vertical de prestadores y aseguradoras, dando surgimiento a un agente nuevo: el inversionista en salud.Se concluye que el país se encuentra, todavía lejos de poder financiar la meta de universalización del acceso en salud. Las recomendaciones para mejorar el financiamiento, mancomunación y el gasto apuntan, casi simultáneamente, a generar un mayor financiamiento público y de la seguridad social dentro de una activa política de mejora de la eficiencia global e institucional del sistema, la que debe redundar tanto en mejores resultados sanitarios, como en la disminución drástica del gasto de bolsillo. Por tanto, el buen éxito de la función financiera está íntimamente relacionado con el buen desempeño de las funciones de rectoría y prestación.
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Andersson, Gustaf. "Are Preliminary Estimates Rational? : A Study of the Arbitration Process in the Swedish Quarterly National Accounts." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-343650.
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This study examines whether preliminary estimates of real growth of GDP and the major user side components in the Swedish quarterly national accounts are unbiased forecasts of revised estimates, and whether available information from the process of reconciling GDP from the production and user side is used efficiently to minimise revisions. Regression analysis is performed to find that preliminary GDP growth estimates are rational forecasts of revised estimates. The results are mixed for the user side components. Preliminary estimates of growth of investments and exports are rational forecasts whereas revisions of growth of government spending could be minimised by more efficiently using information about preliminary estimate values. Moreover, information about the statistical discrepancy between the GDP growth estimates from the production and user side could be used to minimise revisions of growth of consumer spending and imports, but these conclusions are sensitive to the period of volatile economic development 2008-2010.
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Marques, Dina Sofia dos Santos. "Inquérito às despesas das famílias : métodos de correção a posteriori recorrendo a informação auxiliar." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19628.
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Mestrado em Métodos Quantitativos para a Decisão Económica e EmpresarialO presente relatório final de mestrado tem por base o estágio curricular realizado no Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE). O objetivo do estágio prende-se com o estudo do Inquérito às Despesas das Famílias (IDEF) e a melhoria da informação disponibilizada pelo mesmo através da criação de métodos de correção a posteriori recorrendo a informação auxiliar. É pretendida uma aproximação dos resultados apresentados pelo IDEF aos resultados de outras fontes externas de informação. A calibração é elaborada no IDEF para variáveis sociodemográficas, a fim de utilizar também uma variável económica, incorporou-se informação disponível pelas Contas Nacionais (CN). Esta análise surgiu da necessidade de testar métodos alternativos de calibração de forma a mitigar os erros caraterísticos de inquéritos amostrais sobre estudos sociais, onde são inquiridos os indivíduos. A informação das CN utilizada consiste no consumo privado (despesa de consumo final) das famílias no território económico por função (COICOP) a preços correntes (anual). Para a realização do objetivo foi utilizado o software SAS e a macro CALJACK que permite a realização da calibração para diversas variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas. Conclui-se que as CN são uma boa fonte de informação auxiliar para a calibração do IDEF uma vez que foi possível identificar um aumento da qualidade e precisão das observações das variáveis após calibração. A estrutura da informação disponibilizada pelo IDEF aproximou-se da estrutura das CN.
The present master final work is based in a curricular internship done at Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE). This internship had the objective of studying an survey, "Inquérito às Despesas das Famílias" (IDEF) and, at the same time, improve its information, through the creation of methods that make corrections a posteriori, using auxiliary information. This work pretends to make an approximation of the results presented by IDEF to the ones presented by external entities. The calibration is executed on IDEF for sociodemographic variables and, in order to use an economic variable, some information about National Accounts was incorporated. This analysis was necessary to test alternative calibration methods, to mitigate the errors that are a characteristic of surveys about societal issues where individuals are inquired. The information used from National Accounts is the private consumption (spendings with final consumption) made by families in the economic field, by function (COICOP) and with current prices (annual). In order to achieve the objective, the software SAS and the macro CALJACK were used, allowing the calibration for several variables, both quantitative and qualitative. In sum, National Accounts are a good source of auxiliary information for the calibration of IDEF, since it was possible to identify an improvement in the quality and precision of its estimates. The information structure provided by IDEF got close to the CN structure.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Sciadas, George. "The measurement of banking output and the treatment of interest in the system of national accounts." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28914.
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The satisfactory measurement of banking output has eluded statistical agencies since the inception of national income accounting. At the heart of the problem is the treatment of interest. Net interest payments are considered part of the output originating in the paying industries. When applied to the banking sector this practice results in unrealistically low or even negative output and an imputation is carried out to rectify the problem. This thesis identifies the problems surrounding the existing concepts and practices, discusses alternatives that have been proposed and develops a new approach to measuring banking output. The rate of interest is decomposed into a transfer and a service part and economic prices for banking services are constructed. Thus, nominal and real banking output are obtained in a straightforward manner. Empirical work points to the viability of the new approach.
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Liu, Hang-Yu. "A state approach constructing and balancing high frequency national accounts with a case study of the US." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298827.
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Lindmark, Magnus. "Towards environmental historical national accounts for Sweden : methodological considerations and estimates for the 19th and 20th centuries." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61872.
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New questions in a changing economy demands development of both contemporary and historical national accounts. One such question concerns economic and environmental relationships. From a national accounting perspective this issue has been approached in terms of environmental accounting. The aim of this study is to investigate how proposals for integrated environmental and economic accounting can be used for an extension of the Historical National Accounts for Sweden and for examining the long-term relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation and resource depletion. This issue is approached through methodological considerations and estimates of iron ore and timber depletion and discharge of pollutants. The conclusions are that it is possible to construct environmental historical national accounts, but that the lack of historical data and theoretical difficulties cause a high level of abstraction and other problems concerning the series. The empirical investigations show that the 19th century can be considered a period of depletion intensive growth. Furthermore, there seems to be evidence of a correlation between changes in the natural resource net prices and previous periodizations of Swedish economic development. Concerning pollutants, the analyses shows an increase of the aggregated discharges until the late 1960s. However, the pollution intensity of growth has fallen throughout the period, possibly in a pattern of long trend periods.digitalisering@umu
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ZANI, SHEILA CRISTINA. "X12 - ARIMA AND TRAMO/SEATS: A COMPARISON USING THE BRAZILIAN QUARTE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS SERIES AND SIMULATED DATA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1739@1.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo comparar procedimentos
de ajuste sazonal em séries temporais. As metodologias
utilizadas são a do X12-ARIMA e a metodologia TRAMO/SEATS.
Utilizaram-se as séries agregadas das Contas Trimestrais
Brasileiras, fornecidas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de
Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, no período compreendido
entre o primeiro trimestre de 1991 e o segundo trimestre de
2000. Os aplicativos utilizados no decorrer do trabalho
foram SPSS, FORECAST PRO, X12-ARIMA (versão DOS), SAS e
TRAMO/SEATS (versão DOS).
Também foram utilizadas séries simuladas com diferentes
formulações para a tendência e sazonalidade, a fim de
melhor analisar os resultados.This paper intends to perform a comparison of seasonal adjustment procedures. The compared methodologies are X12- ARIMA and TRAMO/SEATS. This current work encompasses the Brazilian Quarterly aggregated accounts which were obtained from the Brazilian Governmental Statistical Office (IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) in the period between the first quarter of 1991 and the second quarter of 2000. This data, in the process of analysis, went trough the following software: SPSS, FORECAST PRO, X12-ARIMA (DOS version) and TRAMO/SEATS (DOS version). Some simulated series (with different structures for trend and seasonality) were also used in order to provide further and more accurate comparisons of the two methodologies.
Esta disertación tiene como objetivo comparar procedimientos de ajuste estacional en series de tiempo. Las metodologías utilizadas son X12-ARIMA y TRAMO/SEATS. Se utilizaron las series agregadas de las Cuentas Trimestrales Brasileras, proporcionadas por el Instituto Brasilero de Geografía y Estadística - IBGE, en el período comprendido entre el primer trimestre de 1991 y el segundo trimestre de 2000. Los aplicativos utilizados en este trabajo fueron SPS, FORECAST PRO, X12-ARIMA (versión DOS), SAS y TRAMO/SEATS (versión DOS). También fueron utilizadas series simuladas con diferentes formulaciones para la tendencia y estacionalidad, a fin de analizar mejor los resultados.
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Nordmark, Sandra, and Josefin Wallgren. "The value of iron ore and timber in Sweden : An ex post study of the United Nations valuation framework for green national accounts." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63279.
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Green national accounts are a complement to the more traditional GDP measure which includes natural capital and the depreciation and regeneration of natural capital. The United Nations have developed an international standard model, the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, for valuing natural resources within the green national accounts. The method is based on forecasts of future streams of expected incomes from the resource. This study aims to find out whether the valuation method used to forecast future incomes from iron ore and timber according to the international standard is consistent with the actual outcomes. In Sweden, previous studies have been made to develop green national accounts from the 1800s onward. By using the United Nations’ current and previous valuation methods and performing calculations on historical resource rents it is possible to evaluate how well the methods can estimate true future values. This study shows that both valuation methods systematically misestimate the future income streams from both resources.Gröna nationalräkenskaper är ett komplement till det mer traditionella BNP-måttet som även tar hänsyn till bland annat naturkapitalet och dess förslitning. FN har utvecklat en internationell standardmodell för gröna nationalräkenskaper, System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA), där en rekommenderad värderingsmetod för naturkapital finns angiven. Värderingsmetoden är baserad på framtida, förväntade, inkomstflöden från naturresursen. Den här studiens syfte är att ta reda på om värderingsmetoden för att förutse framtida intäkter för järnmalm och skog enligt den internationella standarden stämmer överens med de faktiska utfallen. I Sverige har tidigare studier gjorts för att utveckla gröna nationalräkenskaper från 1800-talet och framåt. Genom att använda FN:s nuvarande och tidigare rekommenderade värderingsmetoder för naturresurser och göra beräkningar på historiska vinster från naturresursen kan man se hur väl värderingsmetoderna fungerar i praktiken. Den här studien visar att bägge värderingsmetoderna systematiskt felskattar de framtida intäktsflödena från bägge resurser.
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Степанов, В. Н., and Д. В. Волошин. "К вопросу национального капитала как ресурса устойчивого экономического развития." Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30911.
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На современном этапе своего становления Украина связывает большие надежды с возможностью ускоренного перехода на устойчивый инновационный путь развития экономики. Это предполагает интеграцию национального хозяйства и национального капитала в устойчивую инновационного экономику, что позволит обеспечить переход к кардинальному улучшению социально-экономических условий и повышению качества жизни населения.
При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30911
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Vikström, Peter. "The big picture : a historical national accounts approach to growth, structural change and income distribution in Sweden 1870-1990." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59808.
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One fundamental point of departure for this thesis is the importance of addressing all three basic economic research questions: what is produced, with what and for whom and including them in the discussion regarding long-term macroeconomic performance. This could also be stated as that a consistent historical national accounts approach where both aspects of production and distribution are included can significantly enhance the research on macroeconomic historical issues. Built upon this foundation, the objective of this thesis is twofold. To begin with, the objective includes the broadening of the empirical database of the Swedish historical national accounts (SHNA) with accounts for the process involving the horizontal distribution of income. The second objective of this thesis consists of conducting analyses of the Swedish macroeconomic development using the extended database of the SHNA. An important aspect of the analytical objective involves the exploration of methods that had not widely been applied in Swedish economic historical research. Thus, great emphasis is placed on the methodology used in the analyses of macroeconomic development. These two main objectives forni the disposition of the thesis. The first empirical part consists of work with income accounts in the SHNA. This work has resulted in the establishment of a set of income accounts concurring with the procedure recommended in the contemporary national accounting system. In the second part of the thesis, selected macroeconomic issues are examined using the extended SHNA database. The first analysis consists of a closer examination of the presence of periodization patterns in Swedish growth and structural change. In this chapter an analysis based on structural time series models is applied to the SHNA series. The main results of this chapter is that the time series on growth and structural change reveal a pattern that not unconditionally is consistent with the prevailing periodisation pattern recognised in Swedish economic-historical research. Instead, the development pattern reveals features found in international research. The next analysis is concerned with the role of specific institutions for contributing to the slow-down in growth that occurred from the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In this chapter the importance of the corporate tax system, investment funds and the public pension funds for the efficiency of the resource allocation process is examined. The hypothesis that is examined is that these institutional arrangements altered the distribution of income in such a way that the investment allocation was disturbed and thereby leading to inefficiencies that affected long-term growth negatively. This hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence on changes in the income distribution and changes in long-term rates of growth and structural change. Thus, the investigated institutional arrangements to a certain extent had a negative effect on the Swedish economic performance during the 1960s to the 1980s. In the final analytical chapter, the objective is mainly methodological. Here, the focus is on the potential application of CGE-models as a tool for examining Swedish macroeconomic history. A fairly straightforward CGE-model is formulated for the period 1910 to 1930 and estimated using the broadened SHNA. The predictions of the model are evaluated against the actual historical development in order to assess the performance of the model. As the model formulated in this chapter generates accurate prediction of the main macroeconomic indicators, it is subsequently used in a counterfactual analysis of the impact of total factor productivity growth on the overall growth performance. In summary, the thesis demonstrates that much can be achieved in the research on the Swedish macroeconomic development by utilizing new theoretical approaches and applying state of the art analysis methods as a complement to the structural analytical research that has been conducted previously. However, much research is still required, especially on the improvement of the macroeconomic database where one priority is to create detailed and consistent input-output tables and social accounting matrices.digitalisering@umu
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GRIMALDI, Wilson. "A contribuição das trocas internas e externas na formação da oferta de bens e serviços do Estado de Pernambuco: uma avaliação através da tabela de recursos e usos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4678.
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This paper aims at analyzing the contribution and importance of proper internal and external trade in the economy of Pernambuco, detailing the role of imports in supply and export demand, with an emphasis on interstate transactions.To achieve the objective, it was necessary to use basic sources of information from the Systems of National Accounts of Brazil and of the Regional Accounts for the year 2005 and above estimates of Supply and Uses Tables to Pernambuco. With the information from the Supply and Uses Tables to Pernambuco was possible to detail by economic activity values of imports and exports interstate, and this step of paramount importance for the completion of the work since it was developed a methodology of calculation using data from the Department of Finance of State of Pernambuco to estimate such values. It also exposed the methodology of calculation of Supply and Uses Tables to Pernambuco used to estimate the values of the components of supply and demand state describing each of its components. Similarly, weights are presented service sectors of agriculture and industry and the role of each in the economy of Pernambuco, both the supply and demand, especially the activity of processing industry and its genres Finishing the job, it was found that the state of Pernambuco imports and exports accounted for much of the demand and supply, especially the latter, since the weight of shopping on offer is greater than the share of sales in demand.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a contribuição e a devida importância das trocas internas e externas na economia pernambucana, detalhando o papel das importações na oferta e das exportações na demanda, dando ênfase às transações interestaduais. Para atingir o objetivo, foi necessário o emprego de fontes básicas de informações dos Sistemas de Contas Nacionais do Brasil e das Contas Regionais para o ano de 2005 e principalmente das estimativas da Tabela de Recursos e Usos – TRU para Pernambuco. Com as informações da TRU-PE, foi possível detalhar por atividade econômica os valores das importações e exportações interestaduais, sendo essa etapa de suma importância para a realização do trabalho, já que foi elaborada uma metodologia de cálculo através dos dados da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de Pernambuco para estimar tais valores. É exposta também a metodologia de cálculo da TRU-PE utilizada para estimar os valores dos componentes da oferta e da demanda estadual descrevendo cada um de seus componentes. Do mesmo modo, são apresentados os pesos setores de serviços da agropecuária e da indústria e o papel de cada um na economia pernambucana, tanto na oferta como na demanda, sobretudo da atividade da indústria de transformação e seus gêneros Finalizando o trabalho, obteve-se que no estado de Pernambuco as importações e as exportações representam grande parte da demanda e da oferta, sobretudo desta última, já que o peso das compras é maior na oferta do que a participação das vendas na demanda.
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Rubio, Varas Maria del Mar. "Towards environmental historical national accounts for oil producers : methodological considerations and estimates for Venezuela and Mexico over the 20th century." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3808/.
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Environmental accounting literature reminds us that prosperity can be ephemeral if it is built on depletion of natural resources. Traditional national accounting practice ignores the loss of natural resources. According to standard environmental accounting, this produces exaggerated income, encourages unsustainable levels of consumption and is misleading when assessing the economic prospects of resource extracting countries. While the historiography of oil-extracting countries departs from entirely different concepts and methods, it contains plenty of arguments that resemble those of the environmental accountants. This thesis shows how Mexican and Venezuelan scholars have discussed the concept of national wealth, the ephemeral prosperity delivered by oil depletion and the biases that oil cash introduced in the perceptions of their countries' economic performance. Nonetheless the arguments in the historiography lack quantitative support for the most part. The dissertation connects these previously disparate literatures and explores the resulting synergies. A priori, it seems that environmental accounting provides the tools for quantifying the hitherto qualitative observations of the historiography of two countries with very different strategies regarding the depletion of their natural resources. While Mexico approximates very closely the theoretical case of a closed economy, Venezuela has been considered the textbook example of a resource-export-driven economy. In the end, history proves to be an excellent laboratory for an ex-post analysis of the concepts, models and methods of environmental accounting. This study contributes to the surprisingly small amount of comparative historical studies of the oil industries and the economic histories of Venezuela and Mexico. The most important conclusion derived from the comparative analysis of the theoretical models of environmental accounting is that the competing methods available in the literature seem to apply to different scenarios. Furthermore, the results of the thesis show that the role of technological change in sustaining the historical levels of consumption is substantial since the terms of trade did not improve in the continuous way needed to rescue economies from declining levels of consumption. This is an important finding because gains from trade have now been included in some environmental accounting models but technological change is left out. Overall, the thesis is an examination of the tractability and usefulness of environmental accounting as a tool of economic analysis over the long run.
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Valentine, Nicole Britt. "An evaluation of expenditure in the private health care sector and its reporting in the national accounts of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17539.
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Bibliography: pages 94-102.There is currently much work underway internationally to improve the accuracy and to refine the detail of accounting for health care expenditures. This research was initiated by the increasing activity in the field of national health accounting, as well as by previous research indicating that the Reserve Bank might be underestimating private health care expenditure in the national accounts. The Reserve Bank estimate of health care expenditure is important as it is the only complete and regularly produced estimate of private sector health care expenditure for South Africa. It was posited that an independent estimation of private health care expenditure would show that its magnitude is underestimated in the expenditure estimates published by the Reserve Bank for the national accounts. This thesis was upheld by the results of the research. The thesis estimate of private health care expenditure was R15 billion, 39% higher than the Reserve Bank estimate available at the time. It was also 21% higher than the final Reserve Bank estimate published in December 1995. The methodology used to derive the thesis estimate involved a survey of national income accounting concepts and guidelines embodied in the internationally used publication, the 1993 System of National Accounts. Primary data was collected from a wide range of institutions in the South African health sector. Secondary data sources were also consulted in several instances. In particular, the Registrar of Medical Schemes was consulted for medical scheme expenditure estimates as they constitute the largest portion of private sector health care expenditure in South Africa. The thesis estimate was then calculated for a single year according to the 1993 System of National Accounts guidelines. The year chosen was the government financial year from April 1992 to March 1993. The year was chosen to coincide with the year chosen for a national health expenditure review. In the presentation of the results, the estimate was broken down in separate "sources" and "uses" matrices, which are being used internationally to present national health accounting information. From the comparison of the Reserve Bank and thesis expenditure estimates, one of the most important recommendations that emerged was that the Reserve Bank should consult a wider range of expenditure data sources, more timeously and regularly. In particular, it was suggested that the Reserve Bank should negotiate earlier access to the data held by the Registrar of Medical Schemes, as well as cross-check household survey data with independent estimates of out-of-pocket and statutory scheme health care expenditure. In addition to providing a new benchmark estimate for private sector health care expenditure in the government financial year 1992/93, the breakdown of the estimate into matrices provides a framework that could be used as the basis for the development of more detailed satellite national health accounts, in accordance with 1993 SNA standards.
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Sharma, Amit. "Co-alignment Framework for Evaluating the Implementation of the Tourism Satellite Accounts - A Case study of Tanzania." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28462.
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The poor quality and fragmented state of international statistics for the hospitality and tourism sector lead international organizations like the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations to develop and recognize a universally acceptable framework of tourism statistics. These efforts culminated into the development of the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA), the very first sector specific Satellite System of Accounts approved by the United Nations.
The WTO has since made numerous efforts to promote the implementation of the TSA, more so in the developing countries. While the process is gaining momentum, the implementation of the entire TSA framework is a tedious procedure requiring a high level of financial and non-financial resources. This paradox, of scarce resources required for TSA implementation in developing countries that are in most need of its benefits, has been the crucial motivation for this research project.
The present study proposes a framework for evaluating the implementation of the TSA so that the process is manageable and is able to economize on various resources required to implement this comprehensive statistical database. Using Tanzania as the case study, this research verifies the proposed framework for evaluating the TSA's implementation. The underlying model for the proposed implementation framework is the Co-alignment principle from the field of Strategic Management. Evidence of existence of the characteristics of Co-alignment model's components is verified, given the particular experience of TSA implementation in Tanzania. The results suggest that the process in Tanzania is currently misaligned and may require reallocation of certain resources to increase the effectiveness of TSA implementation.
In context of the Co-alignment principle, there is evidence that the end-user needs have not been explicitly established. There is also a lack of knowledge regarding gaps that exist between the current statistical databases and how the TSA would be able to fill these shortcomings. This is true for both additional datasets required and the much needed improvements in statistical methodology. Furthermore, there is no clear prioritization of implementation tasks, which is contributing to the lack of financial sustainability of the project.
There is indication that the allocation of current resources is misaligned with the requirements for developing institutional capacity, training, stakeholder support, (particularly with the private sector operators) and building a stable legislative framework to support the entire process. Finally, there are no clear performance monitoring and evaluation criteria to assess the ongoing performance of the implementation process as well as that of the entire statistical database. This is crucial to insure effectiveness of the resource allocation process.
The conclusions from these observations have been proposed as recommendations to align the process of TSA implementation in Tanzania with the objective of increasing the efficiency of these ongoing efforts at the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism.
Furthermore, it has been suggested that the proposed evaluation framework can be used for assessing the effectiveness of implementing any generic national or regional statistical database.Ph. D.
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Klučka, Jiří. "Nepřímé metody čtvrtletních odhadů makroagregátů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149841.
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The aim of my diploma thesis is to describe indirect methods that are used in the compilation of quarterly national accounts. The diploma thesis is divided into three parts and three chapters. The first chapter presents the theoretical background and describes the development of national accounts in the Czech Republic and the basic macroeconomic aggregates. The second chapter is devoted to the quarterly national accounts and mathematical and statistical methods that are used in their compilation. The third chapter describes in detail selected indirect methods, which consists in linking the indicator and aggregate. Consequently, this method is applied to the data of the Czech Republic and then quarterly estimates are constructed which are compared to actual values.
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Narvselius, Eleonora. "The Nation’s Brightest and Noblest : Narrative Identity and Empowering Accounts of theUkrainian Intelligentsia in Post-1991 L’viv." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institut för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20803.
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This study brings into focus the issue of reproduction and transformation ofcultural authority in the so-called post-Soviet context. It seeks to examine howintelligentsia may be presented and what empowering narratives it may articulatein a concrete locality, namely, in the post-1991 West Ukrainian city of L’viv. Theauthor argues that claims for cultural authority stemming from the socio-culturallocation of intelligentsia are decisive in discussions about Ukrainian nationalidentity and cultural development, which gained momentum after independence.Despite significant discursive transformations, after 1991 intelligentsia is stillpresented as the essence of the nation, as its typical and brightest representativeswho assume the right to speak for the whole nation and to extrapolate own valuesand choices to it. The debate focused on the issues of ‘the national’ actualizes a very significantissue of whose class vision is to become a winning concept for the Ukrainiannation-building. Post-Soviet ‘normalization’ in L’viv implies that cultural patternstypical of the privileged and educated urbanites have been rehabilitated andpresented as both nationally authentic and culturally superior ones. In the post-1991 L’viv the representations embedding the urban community into variouslocal, regional, national, and supranational symbolic contexts resonate with effortsof the intelligentsia to (re-)gain control over reproduction of their own socialpositions and cultural narratives about the nation. This study suggests that analysisof the nation-building processes in Ukraine should pay more attention to symbolicrepresentations of cultural authority which are exploited by local actors runningtheir empowering projects.Denna studie tar upp frågor om sociokulturell reproducering och omvandling avkulturell auktoritet i en postsovjetisk kontext. Studien undersöker de sätt på vilkaen intelligentia kan representeras och de maktanspråk som den genom berättelserartikulerar i den västukrainska staden L’viv efter självständigheten 1991.Författaren hävdar att de anspråk på kulturell auktoritet som intelligentianuttrycker har principiell betydelse i de diskussioner som förs kring ukrainsknationell identitet och nationens kulturella utveckling. Trots betydande diskursivaomvandlingar som intelligentian genomgått har den behållit sin position somnationens centralfigur. Intelligentian representeras som nationens mest typiskaoch framstående representant med rätt att tala i hela nationens namn, vilket gör attden också kan överföra sina egna värderingar och åsikter till sina landsmän. Diskussioner om det nationella temat sätter mycket betydelsefulla frågor ifokus, inte minst de som handlar om vilkas klassvisioner som kommer att fågenomslag i det ukrainska nationsbyggandet. Den postsovjetiska”normaliseringen” i L’viv har inneburit att de kulturella mönster som är typiskabland privilegierade och högutbildade stadsbor har återupprättats, ofta framställdasom nationellt genuina och kulturellt överlägsna. I det postsovjetiska L’viv ärsymboliska representationer av urbansamhället färgade av olika lokala, nationellaoch supranationella symboliska kontexter. Dessa kommer väl till pass iintelligentians försök att (återigen) kontrollera reproducering av sina socialapositioner och de kulturella berättelserna om nationen. Avhandlingen sätterdärmed fingret på hur kulturell auktoritet utnyttjas av lokala aktörer som strävarefter ett socialt och politiskt övertag samt uppmärksammar betydelsen avsymboliska framställningar i analyser av nationsbyggandeprocesser i Ukraina.
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Kožuch, Michal. "Národní účty České republiky se zaměřením na vládní dluh a vládní deficit." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10813.
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The diploma thesis deals with the system of national account of the Czech Republic with a focus on the development of government debt and deficit. The first chapter explains the nature, the aim and the development of the field of national accounts. The second chapter concentrates on the system of national accounts of the Czech Republic. Special attention is paid to the sector of government institutions, as the national government accounts are the basis for the prediction of the government deficit, debt and the Convergence program for adoption of the common currency Euro. The third chapter defines the terms closely related to the general government sector and financial statistics. The closing chapter analyses the development of government debt and deficit in the period since 1995.
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Dufour, Quentin. "L’objectivation comptable de l’économie nationale : Enquête sur la fabrique du PIB et des comptes nationaux français." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED018.
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Les comptes nationaux, dont l’indicateur du PIB, constituent la représentation de l’économie nationale la plus partagée et la plus légitime. Fabriqués en France au sein d’une entité ministérielle — le département des comptes nationaux de l’Insee — ils véhiculent une conception de l’économie évolutive (on appelle « croissance » les variations de l’économie dans le temps) et globale (l’ensemble de la production française exprimée en monnaie). Une fois rendus publics, ils sont marqués par une forme d’objectivité comptable : pour la majorité de ses usagers, et en dépit de nombreuses critiques, la représentation comptable de l’économie est appréhendée comme un objet solide et indiscutable, une connaissance de référence sur la réalité macroéconomique. Fondée sur une enquête ethnographique de neuf mois au sein du département des comptes nationaux, la thèse analyse la fabrique de cette objectivité comptable de l’économie. Au croisement de la sociologie de la quantification, de la sociologie des sciences, et de la sociologie de l’activité, elle interroge la manière dont le département des comptes produit et stabilise une connaissance partagée et de référence sur l’économie nationale. La thèse décrit le département comme une organisation structurée autour d’une activité qui, répartie entre différentes équipes, est envisagée comme un travail d’articulation de catégories comptables et de données, principalement issues de l’appareil statistique français. Loin d’un remplissage machinal de tableaux comptables, l’activité comptable témoigne d’une véritable intervention sur les données, pour les apparier au cadre comptable : l’identification, la collecte, la mise au format, la totalisation, l’arbitrage, la stabilisation, la mise en récit, les itérations, sont autant d’opérations déployées qui participent de la prise de consistance d’une représentation de l’économie. La thèse montre que le caractère global et évolutif de l’économie n’a rien d’évident, mais doit au contraire être produit au jour le jour. Son existence sous la forme d’un système global de relations, de même que sa capacité à varier au cours du temps, est le résultat de l’activité comptable. L’économie nationale, telle que nous la connaissons à travers les comptes nationaux, constitue ainsi un mode d’objectivation possible, et relativement singulier, de l’économieNational accounts, including the GDP indicator, are the most shared and legitimate representation of the national economy. Made in France within a ministerial entity – INSEE’s Department of National Accounts – they convey a conception of the economy as an evolutionary (we call "growth" the variations of the economy over time) and global (all French production expressed in currency) object. Once made public, they are marked by a form of accounting objectivity: for the majority of its users, and despite many criticisms, the accounting representation of the economy is seen as a solid and indisputable object, a reference knowledge on macroeconomic reality. Based on a nine-month ethnographic survey within the National Accounts Department, the thesis analyses the fabric of this accounting objectivity of the economy. At the crossroads of the sociology of quantification, the sociology of science, and the sociology of activity, it questions the way in which the national accounts department produces and stabilizes a shared and reference knowledge on the national economy. The thesis describes the department as an organization structured around a distributed work of articulation of accounting categories and data (that mainly come from the French statistical system). Far from being a mechanical filling of accounting tables, the accounting activity involves a real intervention on the data, to match them to the accounting framework: identification, collection, formatting, totalization, arbitration, stabilization, narration, iterations, are operations that contribute to the consistency of a representation of the economy. The thesis shows that the global and evolutionary nature of the economy is not obvious, but must be produced on a day-to-day basis. Its existence in the form of a global system of relationships, as well as its ability to vary over time, is the result of accounting activity. The national economy, as we know it through the national accounts, thus constitutes a possible and relatively singular way of objectifying the economy
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Dekavalla, Marina. "General elections in the post-devolution period : press accounts of the 2001 and 2005 campaigns in Scotland and England." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2301.
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This thesis examines and compares newspaper coverage of the first two general elections after Scottish devolution, looking at both the Scottish and English/UK press. By considering the coverage of a major political event which affects both countries, it contributes to debates regarding the performance of the Scottish press within an arguably distinct Scottish public sphere as well as that of the press in England within a post-devolution context. The research is based on a content analysis of all the coverage of the 2001 and 2005 elections in seven Scottish and five English and UK daily morning newspapers, a critical discourse analysis of a sample of the coverage of the most mentioned issues in each campaign and a small set of interviews with Scottish political editors. As a framework for its analysis, this thesis focuses on theories of national identity and deliberative democracy in the media. It finds that the coverage of elections in the two countries has a similar issue agenda, however Scottish newspapers appear less interested in the UK aspect of the elections and include debates on Scottish affairs which are discussed in isolation, within an exclusively Scottish mediated space. These issues are constructed as particularly relevant to a Scottish readership through references to the nation, inclusive modes of address to the reader and the inclusion of exclusively Scottish sources, which contrast with the Scottish coverage of “UK” issues. This distinction between “Scottish” and “UK” topics emerges as the key differentiating factor in the discursive construction of election issues in the Scottish press, rather than that between devolved and reserved issues. Newspapers in England on the other hand, report on the two campaigns without taking into consideration the post-devolution political reality. These core questions are contextualized within the thesis by reference to relevant dimensions of Scottish culture and politics, and interpreted in the light of events since 2005.
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Kleinová, Nikola. "Statistické zachycení daní." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205598.
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Nowadays taxes are the most important tax income of the state budget and at the same time they affect the standard of living of the population in various ways. Although the countries try to harmonize tax systems, there are still considerable differences between them. The aim of the thesis is to capture taxes in the Czech Republic from the point of view of statistics and then perform the comparison within the countries of the European Union. The thesis contains a brief characterization of the national accounts and the classification of the taxes in the national accounts according to the ESA 2010. It further deals with the description of the Czech tax system, including a definition of the individual taxes. The subsequent section captures the tax burden expressed by tax quota and the rest of the thesis is devoted to the cluster analysis, which is then applied to the data from the annual national accounts. Using cluster analysis, EU countries have been divided into groups according to similarities and differences in tax systems and in particular on the basis of the tax quota.
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Pedron, Bruno. "Structural budget balance: a study of the cycle and the primary accounts of Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil) from 1999 to 2015." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5773.
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itt Performance - Instituto Tecnológico em Desempenho da Construção Civil
O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender a relação entre o ciclo de negócios e o resultado primário do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram coletados dados mensais da Ferramenta de finanças públicas em tempo real da Secretaria da Fazenda do estado para o período de 1999-2015, os quais conduziram ao cálculo do resultado primário trimestral sem operações intraorçamentárias. Estes dados foram ajustados pela inflação pelo IPCA e pela sazonalidade utilizando o Census X-13 multiplicativo, e então foram utilizados para estimar o balanço orçamentário estrutural pela abordagem do Fundo Monetário Internacional. As repartições de receitas da União e as transferências diversas foram removidas da regressão e a elasticidade das receitas em relação ao PIB foi estimada através de um modelo autorregressivo, resultando em 1,0908, enquanto o PIB potencial foi obtido pelo uso do filtro Christiano-Fitzgerald. Nenhum ajuste foi aplicado às despesas ou às transferências da União. Os resultados mostraram que o Rio Grande do Sul está mais predisposto a operar acima do PIB potencial e promovendo contrações fiscais, apesar de mostrar mais esforços nas fases de expansão. Assim, foram encontradas políticas pró-cíclias em 75% dos anos da amostra. Quando os ciclos políticos foram analisados, apenas o ciclo da governadora Yeda Crusius (2007-2010) apresentou-se de forma anti-cíclica. De forma geral, o estado está alinhado à ciclicidade do governo federal, mesmo considerando que, metade dos períodos que foram comparados com Andreis (2014) apresentaram políticas opostas às estimadas. Finalmente sugestões foram dadas para o estado na forma de contrações fiscais, inspirado em Santos (2014).
The aim of this study is to understand the relation between the business cycle and the primary result of Rio Grande do Sul. For that reason, monthly data were collected from the Real-time public finances tool of the state finances office for the period of 1999-2015, which allowed for the calculation of the quarterly primary result without intra-budget operations. These data were adjusted for inflation by IPCA and seasonality by multiplicative Census X-13 and then used to run the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approach of the structural budget balance. The transfers from the federal government were removed from the regression and the elasticity of revenue to the output was estimated through an autoregressive model and resulted in 1.0908, while the potential GDP was obtained through the Christiano-Fitzgerald filter. No adjustments were applied to the expenditures or the transfers. The results pointed out that Rio Grande do Sul is more likely to be operating above trend GDP and taking actions of fiscal contraction, although working harder during phases of expansion. Thus, pro-cyclical policies were conducted on 75% of the years of the sample. When the political cycles were analyzed, it turned out only the cycle of governor Yeda Crusis (2007-2010) had a counter-cyclical bias. Overall, the state is aligned with the cyclicality of the federal government, even though half of the periods that were compared to the findings of Andreis (2014) displayed opposite fiscal stances. In the end, some suggestions were made for fiscal contractions, inspired by Santos (2014).
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Londýn, Radek. "Měnová politika Maďarské národní banky a možnost zavedení eura v Maďarsku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15670.
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Whatever country gives up its currency and adopts the currency of the common union, has to count on some impacts. The country loses its exchange rate convergential channel and the convergency is running throught the inflation. The level of the inflation pain depends on the difference in the economic level between those two areas, i.e. Hungary and the European Union. If Hungary adopts euro, it would lead to high inflation and numerous shocks due to Hungarian low level of convergency and different monetary policy transmission mechanism. Hungary has no chance to avoid adoption of euro in the log run, but if it keeps forint for at least a few years, Hungary can expect a tolerable inflation, more natural convergential process and the possibility to use its own monetary policy, which in Hungary is based right on the exchange rate channel of monetary transmission.
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Pinto, José Paulo Guedes. "A contabilidade social na perspectiva clássica : (capital produtivo e não-produtivo : traçando um mapa do sistema de contas nacionais brasileiro)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12587.
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O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar um exercício empírico, qual seja, transformar a contabilidade nacional oficial em categorias analíticas da economia clássica/marxiana. Esse processo é baseado na metodologia desenvolvida por Shaikh e Tonak (1994). No primeiro capítulo nós apresentamos de forma sucinta os principais aspectos teóricos da distinção entre o trabalho produtivo e o trabalho não-produtivo do ponto de vista do capital. No segundo capítulo apresentamos tanto a análise crítica do sistema de contas nacionais quanto a metodologia para realizar o mapeamento da contabilidade nacional convencional para categorias clássicas/marxianas. No terceiro capítulo aplicamos esse mapeamento nas contas nacionais brasileiras. Assim, baseando-nos nos recentes desenvolvimentos da pesquisa empírica marxista, estamos aptos a calcular a taxa de mais-valia, a composição valor e material do capital e a taxa geral de lucro marxiana para os períodos entre 1990-1994, 1995-1999 e 2000-2004.The aim of this dissertation is to present an empirical exercise of transforming the official accounts into the classical/marxian analytical framework. Our transformation procedure is based on the methodology developed by Shaikh and Tonak (1994). Initialy we briefly present the mains theoretical aspects of the distinction between productive and unproductive labour. In the second chapter, it is presented both the critical analysis of the system of national accounts and the methodology for mapping conventional national accounts into the classical/marxian categories. In the third chapter we apply this mapping methodology to the Brazilian national accounts. Therefore, based on recent developments in Marxian empirical research, we were able to calculate the rate of surplus value, the value and materialized composition of capital and the general Marxian rate of profit for the 1990-1994, 1995-1999 and 2000-2004 periods.
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Holtkamp, Nicholas Chadbourne. "China’s Economic "Imbalances" Through the Flow of Funds Tables, 2000-2009." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367391280.
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Zhang, Qi. "Three Essays on Demographic Changes and International Trade." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31936.
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Chapter 1: A Population Aging Analysis for Canada Using the National Transfer Accounts Approach: This analysis develops a new data set for Canada using an accounting methodology called National Transfer Accounts (NTA). NTA permits building an accounting system that introduces age into national accounts. NTA is consistent with the conventional national accounts and allows the estimation of lifecycle patterns for labour income and consumption from private and public sources. It also allows the calculation of per capita and aggregate lifecycle deficits (LCD) or surpluses (LCS) in an economy. In this chapter we calculate Canada’s per capita and aggregate LCD for 2006. Using demographic projections for the next five decades, we present the aggregate LCD in Canada for the period 2006 to 2056 assuming a constant per capital LCD during this time horizon. The projection results show that labour income needs to increase rapidly or consumption needs to be cut significantly to compensate for the pressure on the aggregate lifecycle deficit as a result of population aging.
Chapter 2: An Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) Model with Age-dependent Rates of Time Preference: This analysis develops a methodology to introduce an age-dependent rate of time preference to calibrate an OLG-CGE model with per capita age profile consumption path derived from the NTA framework of Chapter 1. The results show that the economic impact from an aging population will be significant. The living standard will decline by 15% from the present to 2050 and decline by 20% by the year 2105. To reduce such a decline, the Canadian government may introduce policies that could encourage labour force participation. We analyze the impact of: a) an increase in the general labour force participation rate for age 20 to 64; b) an increase in the labour force participation rate for workers aged 50 to 64; c) late retirement. Our results suggest that maintaining the current standard of living will be extremely difficult after 2026. Nevertheless, this would help reduce the economic pressure from population aging.
Chapter 3: 9/11 Security Measures and North American Security Perimeter: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis: The objective of this analysis is to assess the impact of the North American Security Perimeter (NASP) on both the Canadian and the U.S. economies. The NASP is a change in Canada-U.S. security paradigm that would allow the liberalization of the post 9/11 security measures at the Canada-U.S. border. This study applies a multi-sector and multi-region general equilibrium model together with econometric analysis. After simulating the NASP, Canada’s capital market was found to become more attractive. Under the NASP, the welfare of Canada is estimated to increase by $19 billion or 1.8% of GDP, and that of the U.S. is estimated to increase by $32 billion or 0.3% of GDP.
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Fonseca, João Carlos Nunes Reis Campos. "The economic consequences of Portuguese State’s movement towards business sector." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13245.
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Doutoramento em EconomiaOver the last 36 years, the relationship with the Portuguese state-owned enterprises registered several dynamics: nationalizations, privatizations and corporatization of public services. However, until now the State Business Sector from a national accounts perspective was never analyzed. Based on data collected and compiled for the first time at Statistics Portugal, this PhD thesis aims to test, analyzing in eight dimensions, whether the weight of the State Business Sector increased and if it contributed positively to the Portuguese economy, from 2006 to 2010. In addition to this analysis, an overview of the economic theory of state intervention in the economy, the paradigm changes of public policy in the international context, the evolution of the Portuguese State Business Sector since 1974, accompanied with a business and national accounting perspective between 2006 and 2010, are also presented. The results allow us to conclude that, in general, the weight of the State Business Sector in the Portuguese economy increased and had a tendency of a positive contribution to its economic growth. The State Business Sector also contributed positively to the nominal labour productivity (although with a decreasing trend of contribution to growth over the period under review) and the profitability of the non-financial corporations sector (although impairing the overall ratio of this sector). Nonetheless, the State Business Sector contributed negatively to the fairness in compensation of employees (although with an improvement trend) and to the competitiveness of labour cost, investment and sectorial sustainability of the Portuguese economy (reinforced by a falling trend). The results also suggest that the State Business Sector had an economic behaviour closer to a welfare maximizing model than to a profit maximizing model. This distinct performance with respect to the institutional sector in which is included, highlights the need to study and reassess the relationship of the state with public corporations, in light of agency theory using micro-data. Lastly, contributions to improve the economic performance of the State Business Sector and future prospects of evolution are presented.
Nos últimos 36 anos, a relação do Estado português com as empresas públicas registou várias dinâmicas: nacionalizações, privatizações e empresarialização de serviços públicos. No entanto, até à presente data nunca se analisou o Setor Empresarial do Estado na perspetiva das contas nacionais. Tendo por base dados recolhidos e compilados pela primeira vez no Instituto Nacional de Estatística, a presente tese de doutoramento pretende testar se, nas oito dimensões analisadas, o peso do Setor Empresarial do Estado aumentou e se teve contributos positivos para a economia portuguesa, no período de 2006 a 2010. Para além desta análise, é ainda apresentada uma síntese da teoria económica sobre a intervenção do Estado na economia, das mudanças de paradigma de políticas públicas ao nível internacional, da evolução do Setor Empresarial do Estado desde 1974 acompanhada de uma perspetiva da contabilidade empresarial e nacional de 2006 a 2010. Os resultados permitem-nos concluir que, em termos gerais, o peso do Setor Empresarial do Estado na economia Portuguesa aumentou e teve uma tendência de contributos positivos para o seu crescimento económico. O Setor Empresarial do Estado contribuiu ainda positivamente para a produtividade nominal do trabalho (embora com tendência negativa para o seu crescimento ao longo do período em análise) e para a rentabilidade do setor das sociedades não-financeiras (embora prejudicando o rácio global deste setor). No entanto, o Setor Empresarial do Estado contribuiu negativamente para a equidade salarial (embora com tendência de melhoria) e para a competitividade dos custos de trabalho, sustentabilidade do investimento e setorial da economia portuguesa (reforçada com uma tendência de deterioração). Os resultados indiciam também que o Setor Empresarial do Estado teve um comportamento económico mais próximo de um modelo de maximização de welfare do que de um modelo de maximização de lucros. Este desempenho distinto relativo ao setor institucional onde se encontram inseridas suscita a necessidade de ser investigada e reavaliada a relação do Estado com as empresas públicas à luz da teoria de agência, utilizando micro-dados. Finalmente, apresentam-se contributos para melhorar o desempenho económico do Setor Empresarial do Estado e para as perspetivas futuras de evolução.
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Rybáček, Václav. "Systém národního účetnictví a hospodářský cyklus." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77084.
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Thesis deals with system of national accounts providing information for economic policy institutions. Relation of the system to economic theory is examined with focus on disposable income. We try to answer the question if SNA follows theory originally used for construction the system or if SNA constitutes separated stream of economic theory. Then, crucial concepts of GDP calculation as definition of economic activity, value added concept or concept of derived demand are discussed. Key problem is the relation of GDP to business cycle anylsis, thus, we use alternative indicator of economic activity for analysis of Czech economy.
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Javorská, Eva. "Využití národních účtů pro ekonomické modelování." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124515.
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The master thesis deals with national accounts, particularly with symmetric input-output tables and utilisation for research of investments change impact. The main aim is to show national accounts exploitation for economical modelling and a manual for modelling of concrete impact. This thesis concentrates on the topic of calculation of static model with application on real data of Czech Republic. The base of calculation is technical coefficients analyse.
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Kábelová, Lucie. "Daňová mezera u zdanění osobních příjmů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206123.
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This theses is about measuring the tax gap in the personal income tax in the Czech Republic. The first chapter deals with the theory of the tax gap, tax evasion and shadow economy. Second chapter describes methods that are used for measuring the shadow economy and the tax gap. The third part analyses the taxation of dependent and independent activity in the Czech Republic. The last, fourth part, estimates the tax gap in the personal income tax in the Czech Republic.
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Walther, Herbert, and Alfred Stiassny. "International Comparisons of Household Saving Rates and Hidden Income." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3737/1/wp148.pdf.
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In this paper, we argue that shadow activities and different levels of marketization of household
production systematically distort international comparisons of aggregate gross household saving rates (HSRs): Higher shares of hidden income increase observed HSRs. Panel data for 18 (24) OECD-countries covering a period of a decade show that gross HSRs are positively related to the degree of corruption(used as a proxy for the propensity to shift economic activities into the shadow) and to the share
of income from property and self employment. At the same time, gross HSRs are negatively related to the female employment rate, the ratio of indirect taxes to direct taxes, and to the tax wedge. One plausible story behind these phenomena might be that unobserved consumption and wages in the shadow labor market induce an upward bias in observed HSRs and profit shares, while the price level effects of a higher share of indirect taxes and a 'welfare state' effect lower observed HSRs. (authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Blanchet, Thomas. "Essays on the Distribution of Income and Wealth : Methods, Estimates and Theory." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0004.
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Cette thèse couvre plusieurs sujets sur la répartition des revenus et des richesses. Dans le premier chapitre, nous développons une nouvelle méthode pour exploiter les tabulations de revenu et de richesse, telle que celle publiée par les autorités fiscales. Nous y définissons les courbes de Pareto généralisées comme la courbe des coefficients de Pareto inversés b(p), où b(p) est le rapport entre le revenu moyen ou la richesse au-dessus du rang p et le p-ième quantile Q(p) (c'est-à-dire b(p)=E[X|X>Q(p)]/Q(p)). Nous les utilisons pour caractériser des distributions entières, y compris les endroits comme le sommet où la lois de Pareto est une bonne description, et les endroits plus bas où elles ne le sont pas. Nous développons une méthode pour reconstruire de manière flexible l'ensemble de la distribution sur la base de données tabulées sur le revenu ou le patrimoine, qui produit courbes de Pareto généralisées lisses et réalistes.Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous présentons une nouvelle approche pour combiner les données d'enquête et les tabulations fiscales afin de corriger la sous-représentation des plus riches au sommet. Elle détermine de façon endogène un "point de fusion'' entre les données avant de modifier les poids tout au long de la distribution et de remplacer les nouvelles observations au-delà du support original de l'enquête. Nous fournissons des simulations de la méthode et des applications aux données réelles. Les premières démontrent que notre méthode améliore la précision et la stabilité des estimations de la distribution, par rapport à d'autres méthodes de correction d'enquêtes utilisant des données externes, et même en présence d'hypothèses extrêmes. Les applications empiriques montrent que non seulement les niveaux d'inégalité des revenus peuvent changer, mais aussi les tendances.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous estimons la distribution du revenu national dans 38 pays européens entre 1980 et 2017 en combinant enquêtes, données fiscales et comptes nationaux. Nous développons une méthodologie cohérente combinant des méthodes d'apprentissage statistique, de calage non linéaire des enquêtes et la théorie des valeurs extrêmes afin de produire des estimations de l'inégalité des revenus avant et après impôt, comparables d'un pays à l'autre et conformes aux taux de croissance macroéconomiques. Nous constatons que les inégalités se sont creusées dans une majorité de pays européens, en particulier entre 1980 et 2000. Le 1% les plus riches en Europe a augmenté plus de deux fois plus vite que les 50% les plus pauvres et a capturé 18% de la croissance des revenus régionaux.Dans le quatrième chapitre, je décompose la dynamique de la distribution de la richesse à l'aide d'un modèle stochastique dynamique simple qui sépare les effets de la consommation, du revenu du travail, des taux de rendement, de la croissance, de la démographie et du patrimoine. À partir de deux théorèmes de calcul stochastique, je montre que ce modèle est identifié de manière non paramétrique et qu'il peut être estimé à partir de données en coupes répétées. Je l'estime à l'aide des comptes nationaux distributifs des États-Unis depuis 1962. Je trouve que, de l'augmentation de 15pp. de la part de la richesse détenue par les 1% les plus riches observée depuis 1980, environ 7pp. peut être attribuée à l'inégalité croissante des revenus du travail, 6pp. à la hausse des rendements sur le capital (principalement sous forme de plus-values), et 2pp. à la baisse de la croissance. En suivant les paramètres actuels, la part de la richesse des 1% les plus riches atteindrait sa valeur stationnaire d'environ 45% d'ici les années 2040, un niveau similaire à celui du début du XXe siècle. J'utilise ensuite le modèle pour analyser l'effet d'un impôt progressif sur les patrimoines au sommet de la distributionThis thesis covers several topics on the distribution of income and wealth. In the first chapter, we develop a new methodology to exploit tabulations of income and wealth such as the one published by tax authorities. In it, we define generalized Pareto curves as the curve of inverted Pareto coefficients b(p), where b(p) is the ratio between average income or wealth above rank p and the p-th quantile Q(p) (i.e. b(p)=E[X|X>Q(p)]/Q(p)). We use them to characterize entire distributions, including places like the top where power laws are a good description, and places further down where they are not. We develop a method to flexibly recover the entire distribution based on tabulated income or wealth data which produces smooth and realistic shapes of generalized Pareto curves.In the second chapter, we present a new approach to combine survey data with tax tabulations to correct for the underrepresentation of the rich at the top. It endogenously determines a "merging point'' between the datasets before modifying weights along the entire distribution and replacing new observations beyond the survey's original support. We provide simulations of the method and applications to real data. The former demonstrate that our method improves the accuracy and precision of distributional estimates, even under extreme assumptions, and in comparison to other survey correction methods using external data. The empirical applications show that not only can income inequality levels change, but also trends.In the third chapter, we estimate the distribution of national income in thirty-eight European countries between 1980 and 2017 by combining surveys, tax data and national accounts. We develop a unified methodology combining machine learning, nonlinear survey calibration and extreme value theory in order to produce estimates of pre-tax and post-tax income inequality, comparable across countries and consistent with macroeconomic growth rates. We find that inequality has increased in a majority of European countries, especially between 1980 and 2000. The European top 1% grew more than two times faster than the bottom 50% and captured 18% of regional income growth.In the fourth chapter, I decompose the dynamics of the wealth distribution using a simple dynamic stochastic model that separates the effects of consumption, labor income, rates of return, growth, demographics and inheritance. Based on two results of stochastic calculus, I show that this model is nonparametrically identified and can be estimated using only repeated cross-sections of the data. I estimate it using distributional national accounts for the United States since 1962. I find that, out of the 15pp. increase in the top 1% wealth share observed since 1980, about 7pp. can be attributed to rising labor income inequality, 6pp. to rising returns on wealth (mostly in the form of capital gains), and 2pp. to lower growth. Under current parameters, the top 1% wealth share would reach its steady-state value of roughly 45% by the 2040s, a level similar to that of the beginning of the 20th century. I then use the model to analyze the effect of progressive wealth taxation at the top of the distribution
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Borges, Paula Alexandra Lourenço de Menezes Ferreira. "A sustentabilidade das finanças publicas: stocks e fluxos." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4688.
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Doutoramento em EconomiaEste trabalho tem, por objectivo, a análise conceptual dos critérios de convergência do Pacto de Estabilidade e Crescimento. No âmbito de uma política monetária supranacional, o Pacto funciona como instrumento disciplinador para a condução de políticas fiscais prudentes. Porém, a fixação do critério do défice orçamental, em 3% do PIB, carece de justificação económica, tendo resultado de um consenso eminentemente político e que funciona como uma regra operacional, de percepção rápida. O quadro conceptual subjacente ao Pacto de Estabilidade e Crescimento é o da contabilidade nacional. Propomos que a análise da sustentabilidade das finanças públicas se centre na noção de património. Evidenciamos que um saldo de operações não financeiras (défice) coexiste com um stock de operações financeiras (dívida), num quadro contabilístico que é, por natureza, mais vasto. Alertamos para aspectos complementares, como a necessidade de se analisar o stock de activos não financeiros. Comparou-se o sistema europeu de contabilidade nacional com o do Fundo Monetário Internacional, também de cariz macroeconómico, e com a contabilidade de empresa. Outros dos aspectos analisados foi o da delimitação do sector das administrações públicas, avaliando-se, em que medida o actual quadro conceptual se revela apto a contabilizar os encargos futuros.
The main goal of this work is to undertake a conceptual analysis of the deficit and debt criteria under the Stability and Growth Pact. In a European Union with a centralized monetary policy, the Pact is an instrument for conducting prudent fiscal policies. However the deficit threshold set at 3% of GDP, lacks an economic rationale, being mainly the outcome of a political consensus on an operational rule which can be easily applied. The Pact is based on the national accounts conceptual framework. One of the proposals in this document is to focus the analysis of public finance sustainability on net worth. A balance of non-financial transactions (deficit) is analysed together with a stock of financial transactions (debt) within a conceptual framework of a broader nature. Complementary aspects are highlighted, such as the need for analysing and compiling a stock of non-financial assets. The European national accounting system is compared with both the International Monetary Fund system and with business accounting. The document also analyses the delimitation of general government and to what extent the existing framework is able to capture future or implicit liabilities.
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Koronczi, Karol, and Mitsuo Ezaki. "A World Link CGE Model Applied to the Economic Reform in the Slovak Republic and EU Enlargement." Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7496.
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Sigrist, Marcos Rogério. "O impacto da aplicação da teoria marxista do trabalho produtivo no cálculo das contas nacionais brasileiras." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9382.
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-20This work aims to analyze the behavior of Brazilian national accounts calculated by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE when they are applied to them the concepts of Marxist theory of productive work. To this end, it was necessary, in the first time, to investigate the premises which involve the theory of Marx on productive work, and then specify them and evaluates which determinants characteristics of this type of work. The second step was to verify what activities members of the System of National Accounts - SNA using productive work, and the share of the productive work on each of these activities. Identified six activities which employ unproductive work: financial institutions, services of households, rent of buildings, public administration, unpaid services and trade. Still, were identified parcels of unproductive work inserted into other activities of the National Accounts System. The next step was recalculate the values of production, intermediate consumption, add value, remuneration and the number of employees involved only in productive activities, not despise the limitations imposed by the data available. The result indicates an underestimation of the productive sectors of the Brazilian GDP calculated by IBGE, because share of the value produced by them appear in national accounts as value produced by unproductive sectors
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento dos valores das contas nacionais brasileiras calculados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE quando são aplicados a eles os conceitos da teoria marxista do trabalho produtivo. Para tanto, foi necessário, em um primeiro momento, investigar as premissas que envolvem a teoria de Marx sobre o trabalho produtivo, para então detalhá-las e avaliar quais as determinantes características deste tipo de trabalho. O segundo passo foi verificar quais atividades integrantes do Sistema de Contas Nacionais - SCN utilizam trabalho produtivo, e ainda a parcela deste trabalho constante em cada uma destas atividades. Foram identificadas seis atividades que empregam trabalho improdutivo: instituições financeiras, serviços prestados às famílias, aluguel de imóveis, administração pública, serviços privados não mercantis e comércio. Ainda, foram identificadas parcelas de trabalho improdutivo inseridas em outras atividades do SCN. O próximo passo foi recalcular os valores das contas componentes do Produto Interno Bruto brasileiro considerando apenas atividades produtivas, não desprezando as limitações impostas pelos dados disponíveis. O resultado obtido aponta uma subestimação do PIB dos setores produtivos calculado pelo IBGE, porque parte do valor produzido por eles aparece nas contas nacionais como valor gerado pelos setores improdutivos
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Santos, Sara Emília de Figueiredo. "Desagregação temporal de sucessões cronológicas: uma aplicação à trimestralização do consumo privado e da formação bruta de capital fixo Caboverdianos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/926.
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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e PrevisãoEm Cabo-Verde, não existem Contas Nacionais numa base trimestral, que sejam consistentes para a economia caboverdiana e que sejam de acesso público. Esta situação dificulta a realização de estudos sobre a economia caboverdiana com base em dados trimestrais. Neste trabalho, procura-se trimestralizar o Consumo Privado e a Formação Bruta de Capital Fixo (FBCF), dois dos principais agregados das Contas Nacionais Anuais de Cabo-Verde, com base em técnicas de desagregação temporal com recurso a indicadores associados. Dado o elevado número de indicadores associados e o problema de escassez de graus de liberdade em virtude da reduzida dimensão da amostra (apenas 10 anos, cobrindo o período de 1998:1 a 2007:4), procura-se utilizar o Modelo de Análise Factorial Aproximado, de forma a modelar-se a covariabilidade das séries em termos de um número relativamente pequeno de factores latentes não observados e que reúna a informação de todos os potenciais indicadores. Além de um problema de escassez de graus de liberdade, o presente trabalho vai debruçar-se ainda sobre um problema de Missing Values e de outliers em algumas séries utilizando-se, como um meio de solucionar este problema, o Algoritmo "Expectation Maximization" (EM) na versão de Stock e Watson para a análise factorial. Apesar das limitações com que se deparou, os resultados encontrados foram em geral satisfatórios. As diferenças entre as séries trimestrais estimadas e as correspondentes séries anuais das contas nacionais foram em geral mínimas, reflectindo o facto dos valores anuais de referência estarem relativamente próximos dos valores anuais implícitos nos valores trimestrais.
Cape Verde doesn't have quarterly national accounts, which would be accessible for everyone. This imposes difficulties in making studies about Cape Verdean economy based on quarterly data. In this paper, we disaggregate the Private Consumption and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), two of the main aggregates of Annual National Accounts of Cape Verde, based on techniques for temporal disaggregation, using indicators as proxies. Given the large number of indicators using as proxies and the lack of degrees of freedom because of small sample size (only 10 years, covering the period from 1998:1 to 2007:4), we use the approximate factor analysis model in order to model the co-variability of the series in terms of a relatively small number of non observed latent factors which collects information from all potential indicators. Besides the lack of degrees of freedom, this paper will focus on the problem of Missing Values and outliers in some series, using the algorithm "Expectation Maximization" (EM) version of Stock and Watson for the factor analysis to solve this problem. Despite the limitations found, the results were generally satisfactory. The differences between the estimated quarterly series and the corresponding series of annual national accounts were generally minimal, reflecting the fact that the annual values of reference are relatively close to the annual values implicit in the quarterly figures.
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Fedelesh, Alina. "Entidades públicas reclassificadas : caso Arsenal do Alfeite S.A." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15237.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasA revisão do Sistema Normativo de Contas 95 (SEC 95) e a entrada em vigor do Sistema Europeu de Contas 2010 (SEC2010) originou alterações tanto na composição do Setor Público Empresarial (SPE) , como no Setor Público Administrativo (SPA). Este normativo revisto tornou dinâmica a fronteira entre estas duas realidades, surgindo assim uma realidade totalmente nova, as Entidades Públicas Reclassificas (EPR). As EPR são unidades institucionais que, pertenciam ao Setor Público Empresarial, mas são temporariamente reclassificadas como unidades do SPA, em virtude da aplicação de novos critérios qualitativos definidos pelo SEC2010. O objetivo primordial desta dissertação consiste em analisar as EPR, evidenciando se a reclassificação teve, ou não, um impacto significativo no seu desempenho. Para tal, apresenta-se um caso de estudo sobre o Arsenal do Alfeite, S.A.. A revisão da literatura efetuada mostra que o normativo legal aplicado às EPR torna a sua atuação no mercado menos competitiva e muito dependente do Orçamento de Estado. Por outro lado, e através do estudo ao Arsenal do Alfeite, S.A. foi possível inferir que as EPR apresentaram resultados líquidos piores imediatamente após a sua reclassificação.
The revision of the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 95) and emergence of the European System of National and Regional Accounts 2010 (ESA 2010) led to changes in the composition of the Public Business Sector and the Central Goverment Sector. This new and developed regulation has made the boundary, between these two realities, dynamic, leding to the appearance of a new reality, Reclassified State-Owned Enterprises (Reclassified SOEs). The Reclassified SOEs are institutional units that belong to the Public Business Sector, but were temporarily reclassified as Central Government Sector units, due to the application of new qualitative criteria defined by ESA2010. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Reclassified SOEs and reveal whether the reclassification had , or not, a significant impact on its performance. To rich this objective it was used Arsenal do Alfeite, S.A. as a case study. The literature review shows that the legal regulations applied to Reclassified SOEs makes its performance in the market less competitive and more dependent on the State Budget. On the other hand, and through the study of Arsenal do Alfeite, S.A., it was possible to infer that the Reclassified SOE presented worse results immediately after its reclassification.
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Teles, Andrei Souza. "Financiamento do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de no Estado da Bahia." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/419.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
The health care financing consists of a structural and structuring element that underpins economic social practices that take care of human life. Considering the importance of funding the conduct, implementation and success of health policies, this work aimed to analyze the Public Expenditure of the Unified National Health System (SUS) in the state of Bahia, from 2009 to 2012. It is a quantitative study of a descriptive and analytical perspective, comparative and retrospective, covering all 417 municipalities in Bahia. The main data on funding for the health sector were declared by municipalities to Information System Public Health Budgets (SIOPS), collected between 2013 and 2014, and tabulated with the help of the National Health Accounts model (National Health Accounts - NHA), specifically using the Table 1 (Funding Sources for Finance Professionals), which was adapted to the reality of funding and Brazilian information systems. The results revealed that in Bahia public spending on the SUS, accumulated over four years of study, was about R$ 29,23 billion, 30% of which (8,66 billion) for the year 2012. In considering only the resources declared by municipalities to SIOPS, expended by the three spheres of government, there was an increase of 50,58% in the Public Expenditure on Health (GPS), totaling in the period from R$ 17,105 billion. The macro-East draws attention to the large volume of spending, surpassing the mark of R$ 1 billion every year, and two of its health regions, Salvador and Cama?ari, have been in the GPS ranking apex in the period. The health expenditure by size analysis showed that the vast majority of municipalities, about 70% did not reach the level of R$ 5 million. It was found in 2010 that 20% of resources, about R$ 410,30 million, were transferred to the 219 municipalities with the lowest Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) the state, on the other hand, the 37 cities with the best IDHM received approximately 60% of federal funds, that is, more than R$ 1,23 billion. It was evident also that 30% of resources, approximately R$ 615,45 million, was allocated to 40% of the population, which is spread over 348 municipalities of the total of 417 present in Bahia and 50%, equivalent to more than R$ 1 billion, were also transferred to 40% of the population, but that is distributed in only 17 municipalities. With regard to the volume of federal funds specifically for the Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU), from 2009 to 2012, noted an increase of 148,31%, highlighting the East macro-region. However, half of the state health regions did not show whether spending records with this service. The relative share of SAMU as Average funding block component and high complexity grew in the period, reached 6,67% in 2012. Data analysis identified the existing inequalities in the distribution of resources among regions, health regions and municipalities in the state of Bahia, but also inequalities, as municipalities and regions were favored already privileged socioeconomic at the expense of locations where populations are greater risks of illness and death, which remained being contemplated with proportionally fewer resources in relation to their health needs. It is not intended to generalize these results, but it is expected this study to contribute in the formulation of health policy, planning and management of resources within the SUS.
O financiamento da aten??o ? sa?de consiste em um elemento estrutural e estruturante que alicer?a economicamente as pr?ticas sociais que cuidam da vida humana. Considerando a import?ncia do financiamento na condu??o, na execu??o e no ?xito das pol?ticas de sa?de, esta disserta??o teve como objetivo analisar o Gasto P?blico do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS) no estado da Bahia, no per?odo de 2009 a 2012. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo do tipo descritivo-anal?tico, comparativo e retrospectivo, que abrangeu todos os 417 munic?pios baianos. Os principais dados acerca dos recursos financeiros destinados ao setor sa?de foram declarados pelos munic?pios ao Sistema de Informa??es sobre Or?amentos P?blicos em Sa?de (SIOPS), coletados entre 2013 e 2014, e tabulados com o aux?lio do modelo de Contas Nacionais de Sa?de (National Health Accounts ? NHA), especificamente com uso a Tabela 1 (Fontes de Financiamento por Agentes de Financiamento), que foi adaptada ? realidade do financiamento e dos sistemas de informa??o brasileiros. Os resultados revelaram que na Bahia o gasto p?blico com o SUS, acumulado nos quatro anos de estudo, foi de cerca de R$ 29,23 bilh?es, sendo 30% deste total (8,66 bilh?es) referentes ao ano de 2012. Ao considerar apenas os recursos declarados pelos munic?pios ao SIOPS, dispendidos pelas tr?s esferas de governo, verificou-se um crescimento de 50,58% no Gasto P?blico em Sa?de (GPS), totalizando no quadri?nio R$ 17,105 bilh?es. A macrorregi?o Leste chama aten??o pelo grande volume de gasto, ultrapassando a cifra de R$ 1 bilh?o em todos os anos, sendo que duas de suas regi?es de sa?de, Salvador e Cama?ari, estiveram no ?pice do ranking de GPS, no per?odo. A an?lise por porte de gasto em sa?de mostrou que a grande maioria dos munic?pios, cerca de 70%, n?o alcan?ou o patamar dos R$ 5 milh?es. Constatou-se, em 2010, que 20% dos recursos, cerca de R$ 410,30 milh?es, foram transferidos para os 219 munic?pios com os menores ?ndices de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) do estado; por outro lado, os 37 munic?pios com os melhores IDHM, receberam, aproximadamente, 60% dos recursos federais, isto ?, mais de R$ 1,23 bilh?es. Evidenciou-se tamb?m que 30% dos recursos, em torno de R$ 615,45 milh?es, foi destinado a 40% da popula??o, que se encontra espalhada por 348 munic?pios do total de 417 presentes na Bahia e 50%, o equivalente a mais de R$ 1 bilh?o, foram transferidos tamb?m para 40% da popula??o, mas que se distribui por apenas 17 munic?pios. No que concerne ao volume de recursos federais destinados especificamente para o Servi?o de Atendimento M?vel de Urg?ncia (SAMU), de 2009 a 2012, notou-se um aumento de 148,31%, com destaque para a macrorregi?o Leste. Todavia, metade das regi?es de sa?de do estado n?o apresentou sequer registros de gasto com esse servi?o. A participa??o relativa do SAMU como componente do bloco de financiamento de M?dia e Alta Complexidade cresceu no per?odo, atingido 6,67%, em 2012. A an?lise dos dados permitiu identificar desigualdades existentes na distribui??o dos recursos entre macrorregi?es, regi?es de sa?de e munic?pios do estado da Bahia, e tamb?m iniquidades, uma vez que foram favorecidos os munic?pios e regi?es privilegiados socioeconomicamente, em detrimento das localidades onde as popula??es encontram maiores riscos de adoecer e morrer, as quais permaneceram sendo contempladas com recursos proporcionalmente menores em rela??o ?s suas necessidades de sa?de. N?o se pretende generalizar esses resultados, mas se espera com este estudo poder contribuir nos processos de formula??o da pol?tica de sa?de e de planejamento e gest?o dos recursos no ?mbito do SUS.
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Edvinsson, Rodney. "Growth, Accumulation, Crisis : With New Macroeconomic Data for Sweden 1800-2000." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2005. http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_su_diva-378-1__fulltext.pdf.
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Vopravil, Jiří. "Odhady drogového trhu jako části nelegální ekonomiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2003. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77120.
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Drug trade is a part of non-observed economy in the system of national accounts. Estimations of drug trade were made from demand side based on estimation of drug consumption. This needs estimations of drug users, which was possible to estimate from drug use prevalence in last year. Several surveys done in society were the data source. Other information from the surveys was information about frequency of drug use. Several research studies gave information about consumed drug quantity by one opportunity. Police and customs have a common database about drug seizures. The database is source for information about import and export of drugs, drug purities by production or import and by consumption or export. Police reports drug prices also. The physical indicators of the drug trade are recalculated by wholesale and retail prices into financial indicators, which are possible to record into system of national accounts.
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Butscher, Leopold. "ACCOUNT OF THE MANDINGOES, SUSOOS, & OTHER NATIONS, C. 1815." Universität Leipzig, 2000. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33586.
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This volume contains the text of the first systematic ethnographic survey of the 'Rivières du Sud' of coastal Guinea-Conakry, describing the 'Mandingo', Susu, Baga, Nalu, and Landuma peoples. Butscher's manuscript, here published for the first time, has been annotated and supplemented with an introduction and the text of a brief anonymous study of the Mandingo. The edition also includes two maps and a detailed index to the original report.
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Піскун, А. В., А. В. Пискун, and A. Piskun. "Статистичне оцінювання процесів заощадження в Україні." Diss., Одеський національний економічний університет, 2016. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5287.
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Дисертаційна робота присвячена подальшому розвитку теоретичних і методологічних засад статистичного аналізу заощаджень для забезпечення процесів управління ними в сучасних умовах господарювання. Обґрунтовано економічне значення поняття «заощадження» та з позиції системного підходу побудовано комплексну схему його статистичного дослідження у цілях підвищення ефективності процесів заощадження і розширеного відтворення. Запропоновано визначення поняття «заощадження» як об’єкта статистичного дослідження, проаналізовано динаміку і структуру заощаджень України, встановлено їх вплив на економічний розвиток країни, досліджено трансформацію заощаджень в інвестиції, проведено порівняльний аналіз норм заощадження країн із різними рівнями доходу, що дало можливість комплексно оцінити процес заощадження в Україні. Адаптовано модель множинної регресії до аналізу закономірностей формування заощаджень, яка ґрунтується на статистичних даних соціально-економічного розвитку країни.Диссертационная работа посвящена исследованию теоретических и методологических аспектов статистического анализа процессов сбережения. В работе на основе статистических стандартов и литературных источников установлена взаимосвязь между понятиями «потребление», «сбережение», «инвестиции», предложен теоретико-методологический подход к определению экономической сущности этих категорий. Автором систематизирована информационная база исследования сбережений и определена ведущая роль системы национальных счетов, позволяющих осуществлять секторальный анализ экономики, обеспечивая арифметическое соответствие данных, полученных от предприятий, домашних хозяйств, статистики внешней торговли, а также осуществлять сопоставление показателей результатов деятельности на международном уровне. В диссертационной работе предложена комплексная схема статистического исследования сбережений, реализация которой способствует повышению научного уровня и обоснованности управленческих решений, принимаемых органами государственной власти в направлении повышения эффективности использования внутренних источников финансирования. Автором предложены направления анализа и оценки ситуации на внутреннем рынке сбережений. Для этого в диссертации разработана система статистических показателей сбережений. В основе ее формирования заложен системный подход, позволивший структурировать их по следующим блокам: показатели объемов, структуры, динамики сбережений, показатели влияния сбережений на экономический рост, трансформации сбережений во внутренние инвестиции, пропорциональности сбережений и потребления. Эта система послужила основой для проведения комплексного анализа ситуации на внутреннем рынке сбережений. В диссертации разработаны методологические подходы для оценки влияния сбережений на показатели результатов экономической деятельности страны. Автором адаптированы показатели эластичности для определения влияний изменения объемов сбережений на изменение объемов национального дохода. Предложен теоретико-методологический подход к оценке связи между сбережениями и инвестициями, с помощью чего оценивается и анализируется ситуация с дисбалансами между ними. В результате анализа разработаны предложения по усовершенствованию системы стимулирования субъектов экономики по сбережению полученных доходов в организованной форме. Автором разработан методический подход к определению эффективности трансформации сбережений во внутренние инвестиции, позволивший установить причину того, что Украина относится к странам с доходом ниже среднего при достаточно высоком удельном весе сбережений в ВВП. В диссертационной работе предложена классификация макроэкономических пропорций, на основе которой проанализированы соотношения основных макроэкономических показателей в контексте мировых тенденций. Результаты исследования позволили усовершенствовать подход к корреляционно-регрессионному моделированию процессов сбережения в Украине. Предложена экономико-математическая модель сбережений, основанная на статистических данных, характеризующих результаты экономической деятельности страны, объемы потребления институциональных секторов, социальных трансфертов. Применение методов регрессионного анализа при исследовании связи между сбережениями и ВВП позволило сделать вывод о том, что основную роль играет не размер сбережений, а направления их использования. В диссертации обоснованы направления макроэкономической стратегии формирования процесса сбережения, определены перспективные направления деятельности государственных органов в сфере активизации вовлечения сбережений в инвестиционный процесс Украины.
The thesis is devoted to the further development of theoretical and methodological foundations of statistical analysis of savings to ensure the processes of their effective transformation into investments and further use and management in the current economic conditions. The economic essence of the term «savings» is substantiated and from the perspective of the systematic approach, a comprehensive scheme of its statistical research is developed in order to enhance the efficiency of processes of savings and expanded reproduction. A comprehensive definition of «savings» as the object of statistical research is proposed, the dynamics and structure of savings in Ukraine are analyzed, their impact on the economic development of the country is determined, the transformation of savings into investment is studied, the comparative analysis of the savings standards of countries with different levels of income is conducted, which enabled to comprehensively assess the process of savings in Ukraine. The model of multiple regression for the analysis of patterns of formation of savings based on statistical data on social and economic development is adapted.