Relevant bibliographies by topics / National Account System

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'National Account System'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "National Account System"

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Mazaraki, Anatoly, Margarita Boiko, Myroslava Bosovska, Nadiia Vedmid, and Alla Okhrimenko. "Formation of the national tourism system of Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.07.

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Tourism is an important factor in the development of the national economy. The share of tourism in the structure of Ukraine’s GDP is 7.8%. Ukraine, having a considerable tourist potential for the formation of tourist flows, is ranked 85th among 139 countries of the world in terms of tourism attractiveness. According to the findings of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the concentration of natural and recreational resources, objects of the world cultural and historical heritage can provide an annual increase in tourist flows to Ukraine by 4-6%.Under the conditions of unstable external environment and unfavorable conditions of the tourism market, an actual scientific task is to develop the theoretical and applied basis for the formation of the national tourism system. Conceptually, this process must be consistent with the strategic understanding of the need to take into account the mental, institutional, cultural and informational influences on the economic interests of entities, which form a functional, sectoral, socio-economic, institutional and environmental subsystem of the national tourism system. This will make it possible to determine target priorities of such activity not only in accordance with the development of destinations, but also taking into account the possibility of obtaining socio-economic effects, in particular, synergistic, multiplicative and cumulative ones.The goal of the study is to substantiate the essence of the national tourism system (NTS) based on the comparative analysis of the definitions of “tourism”, “tourism system”, “economic system”, “national socio-economic system”, which became a scientific foundation for determining the scientific basis of the national tourism system, its subjects and objects, conditions, goals, and results of formation. For the science development it is also important to obtain results on the structure and evaluation of the national tourism system effectiveness.
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Fernandes, Alexandra, Susan Burnett, Maria Major, and Mafalda Figueiredo. "The National Health System in Portugal." Review of Business and Legal Sciences, no. 27 (June 22, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26537/rebules.v0i27.747.

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The purpose of this article is to discuss the idea that governments should not take policy measures for the development and growth of National Health System (NHS) without taking into account their financial sustainability.
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RUBAEVA, L. M., and V. V. BUDAEVA. "ACCOUNT OPENING MODELS IN THE BUDGETARY PAYMENT TRANSACTION SYSTEM." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 3 (2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.03.02.012.

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The paper describes the models for opening accounts in the national budgetary payment transaction system. The choice of the most effective model is an issue in the science of budget law. Therefore, the author describes different models for opening of accounts. The first model is personal accounts, which has many similarities with bank accounts. This model used now. The second model is treasury accounts. This model is new to the national system of budget payments. The paper describes the features and benefits of both models. The author reaches to the conclusion that the system of budget payments has elements of both models. Therefore, the Treasury of Russia has more effective financial management tools. In turn, Treasury’s clients can conduct transactions faster and easier.
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Kim, Dae-Myung, Jin-Sook Choi, and Jung-Youn Ha. "A Study on the Activation of the National Lifelong Learning Account System." Education Research Institute 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31352/jer.17.4.85.

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Eigenraam, Mark, and Carl Obst. "Extending the production boundary of the System of National Accounts (SNA) to classify and account for ecosystem services." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 4, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2018.1524718.

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Gelaev, D. I., and M. G. Uspaeva. "Peculiarities of accounting of reserves and unfinished production in the system of national accounts." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (April 12, 2019): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-3-72-77.

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The article has been devoted to the study of the problems of applying the information of financial statements of enterprises and organizations in the formation of fundamental macroeconomic indicators. The features of the methodology of the agreed accounting systems have been examined, the theoretical aspects of inventory accounting and unfinished production, when assessing the market output in the System of National Accounts, have been studied. The main macroeconomic indicators in International financial reporting standards (IFRS) and the System of National Accounts have been considered. The main components of the gross output and assumptions, on the basis of which the choice of the intermediate account format, have been adduced.
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Redenius, Scott A. "Designing a national currency: antebellum payment networks and the structure of the national banking system." Financial History Review 14, no. 2 (October 2007): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565007000546.

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As reflected in the April 2006 issue of the Financial History Review, monetary historians remain divided over the central features of the US monetary union and their contribution to US economic development. In that issue – which focused on the monetary union formed by the Constitution and early federal monetary legislation – Ronald Michener and Robert E. Wright focused on the creation of a uniform unit of account defined in terms of specie. The establishment of a uniform unit of account ‘simplified domestic and international transactions’ compared with the colonial period when ‘[e]conomic calculations across regions were complicated by the fact that people had to reckon with different units of account, without the aid of electronic calculators’. By contrast, Richard Sylla emphasised the role the Bank of the United States played in reducing the costs and risks of clearing and settling interregional payments. An institution, like the Bank, that operated on a national scale was particularly important in the United States because of the limited geographical scope of state bank operations. The Bank's notes and deposits became a truly national monetary standard, and the Bank helped to maintain the value of state bank notes, the principal means of cash payment in the antebellum economy, by enforcing par redemption.
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Abroskin, A. S., N. A. Abroskina, and P. V. Petrov. "GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND USE IN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 9 (October 26, 2019): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-9-98-105.

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The problematic aspects of the methodology for constructing gross domestic product indicator in macroeconomic statistics have been considered. Features of accounting for gross domestic product individual components in the System of National Accounts have been identified. Based on the analysis of international organizations recommendations, key aspects of improving the methodology for constructing this indicator taking into account the innovations in the System of National Accounts 2008 have been determined. Relevant issues of using gross domestic product in socio-economic analysis and supplements to the system of analytical indicators of the System of National Accounts with social indicators have been considered in the article.
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Valkauskas, Romualdas. "Nacionalinės sąskaitybos informacijos vadyba: istorija, dabartis." Informacijos mokslai 46 (January 1, 2008): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2008.0.3359.

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Nacionalinės sąskaitybos informacija yra šaltinis vadybai, verslo vadybai, tai būtina prielaida ne tik ūkiškai veiklai. Ji – informacijos apie šalyje vykstančius procesus bei reiškinius „registravimo“ sistema. Ji – ūkio statistikos metodas, specifinė informacinė sistema, kurios vadyba yra bene svariausia statistikos praktikos sritis. Nacionalinės sąskaitybos istorija Lietuvoje yra savita. Ši istorija yra ne tik Lietuvos ūkio statistikos teorijos ir praktikos istorijos vienas komponentų. Straipsnyje aptariama nacionalinės sąskaitybos teorijos ir metodologijos raida, nacionalinių sąskaitų sistemos skiriamieji bruožai Lietuvoje.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: nacionalinė sąskaityba, specifinė informacinė sistema, Albinas Rimka, statistikos praktikos istorija, balansinės statistikos istorinė raida.National account in the management of information: the history, the presentRomualdas Valkauskas SummaryIn the article says, balance statistics and one of direction they – national account is the source information for management, for business management and other social and economical activities. Development and current status the system of national account in the Lithuania is not only result the development the praxis and theory of economical statistics, but also result development the praxis and theory of balance statistics not only in the Lithuania.In the article suggested historical halting places to description development of balance statistics, to detect development distinguishing feature the system of national account not only in the Lithuania. These places can by:• Balance accounting till beginning system of national account (until 1938);• T The arise the system of national account and legalize they (1938–1953);• T The improve the system of national account and make up the individual standards the national account for states and regional (1953–1979);• T The system of national accounting become a prevalent the system of balance accounting (from 1979).
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Jacyna, Marianna, and Jerzy Merkisz. "PROECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO MODELLING TRAFFIC ORGANIZATION IN NATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM." Archives of Transport 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1146975.

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The paper presents a general approach to modelling traffic organization within the network of national transport system and with taking into account environmental aspects. General description of the model and necessary data for modelling are presented. The exact mathematical formulation of constrains and criteria functions assessing quality of traffic organization and taking into account level of emission of harmful compounds of exhaust gases are provided. The assessment of traffic organization in transport network is made in aspect of programming transport system development in ecological terms. Particular attention was paid to technical and ecological features of infrastructure and means of transport. What is important, model uses emission indexes set in real traffic conditions. The example of multi-variant distribution of freight traffic into the transport network is provided. Example was prepared with regard to environmental factors in simulation modelling tool EMITRANSYS developed in PTV VISUM.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National Account System"

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Assogba, Guillaume. "Les dynamiques industrielles des filières : une application au domaine des oléo-protéagineux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0443/document.

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Concept populaire au sein de l’école française d’économie industrielle ainsi que dans le domaine des politiques industrielles de la période d’après Seconde guerre mondiale au début des années 1980s, la filière fait l’objet d’une résurgence dans la période actuelle. Ce retour s’est effectué, dans le langage et l’action politique, à la faveur des Etats Généraux de l’Industrie (EGI) de 2009. Toutefois, le flou qui entourait la notion de filière et qui avait conduit en partie à son abandon n’a pas été éclairci. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de proposer une vision de la notion de filière permettant d’en saisir les dynamiques dans le contexte économique actuel caractérisé par une internationalisation des activités productives. Outre cette dimension conceptuelle, les travaux qui vont suivre proposeront des méthodes de description et d’analyse de filière. Ces méthodes seront appliquées au domaine des oléo-protéagineux. La première partie de la thèse reviendra sur les acceptions et méthodes statistiques classiquement associées au concept de filière. La seconde partie quant à elle, en se basant sur les travaux de méso-économie politique, proposera une conception et une méthode méso-systémiques de la filière permettant d’en saisir les dynamiques
The popular concept, within the French school of industrial economics and of industrial policies, filiere from post-World War II to the early 1980s, is experiencing a resurgence in the current period. This revival was made, in language and political action, thanks to the 2009 Etats Generaux de l'Industrie (EGI). However, the vagueness surrounding the concept of filiere, which has led in part to its abandonment, has not been clarified. The objective of this thesis is to propose a vision of the notion of filiere that will make it possible to understand its dynamics in the current economic context characterized by an internationalization of productive activities. In addition to this conceptual dimension, the work that follows will propose methods for describing and analysing filiere. These methods will be applied to the field of oleo-proteaginous. The first part of the thesis will return to the statistical meanings and methods traditionally associated with the concept of filiere. The second part, based on meso-economical politics, will propose a meso-systemic conception and method of filiere in order to understand its dynamic
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Schwarz, Jakub. "Analýza hrubého domácího produktu České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359537.

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The aim of this masters thesis is to propound a complex treatise about the Gross Domestic Product of the Czech Republic between the years 2010 and 2015, with focus on growth dynamics, effect of GDP components according to the expenditure approach and the income approach, international comparison and relation to other economic measures. The thesis aspires to present and interpret the analysed data and put them into socio-economic context. Data for the analysis were retrieved from the National Accounts System, the methodology then emanates from the macroeconomic theory and statistical tools. While years after the financial crisis were characterized by a mild growth, years 2012 and 2013 were a recessional period after which came a sharp growth. Determinants of this development were mainly the situation on the world markets, expansionary monetary policy and anticipations of future development. From the items constituting GDP in the expenditure approach the gross capital formation had the main influence, in the income approach it was the net operating surplus. The economic development of the Czech Republic was relatively closely correlated with the development of the European Union during the analysed period. A significant negative correlation between the value of GDP and unemployment rate also existed, as well as a less significant negative correlation between the value of GDP and inflation rate, however the latter relation was not consistent.
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Müller, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Data Quality Assessments of the System of National Accounts at the International Level / Patrick Müller." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105097834X/34.

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Petrera, Margarita. "Reflections for a Sectoral Health Policy for Peru Based for on the National Health Accounts." Economía, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116848.

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The objective of this article is to offer those responsible for the Peruvian health rectorship reflections on sectoral policy derived from the study of the country’s National Health Accounts (1995-2014). While it is true that the country has increased its spending on health from 4.4 to 5.2% of GDP, 33% of its total funding comes from household «out of pocket expense», which indicates that change is necessary. Problems in the responsiveness of the health system to greater funding and public expenditure, linked to issues of rectorship and service organization, are apparent.Although there has been an increase in numbers of people with insurance, the restrictions on what is covered prevent the great majority of these people accessing health services. The most important change in the public administration of expenditure has been decentralization, while in the private administration it has been the vertical integration of providers and insurers, which has given rise to a new agent: the health investor.The article concludes that the country is still far from being able to finance the aim of universal access to health care. Recommendations to improve the funding, joint administration, and expenditure point, almost simultaneously, towards generating greater public funding and social security within an active policy aimed at improving the global efficiency and institutionality ofthe system, which should work to the advantage of better health results as well to drastically decrease household pocket expense. Therefore, the success of the financial function is closely related to the adequate performance of the functions of rectorship and provision.
El artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer a los responsables de la rectoría en salud las reflexiones de política sectorial que se derivan del estudio de las Cuentas Nacionales de Salud (1995-2014) del país. Si bien el país ha incrementado el gasto en salud del 4,4 al 5,2% del PIB, el «gasto de bolsillo de los hogares» constituye el 33% del total del financiamiento, lo que requiere modificar sucomposición. Se advierten problemas en la capacidad de respuesta del sistema de salud al mayor financiamiento y gasto público, que se vinculan a temas de rectoría y organización de la prestación.Si bien el aseguramiento se ha incrementado, las restricciones en la oferta impiden que las personas afiliadas a algún tipo de seguro puedan, en su gran mayoría, acceder a los servicios de salud. El cambio más importante en la gestión pública del gasto es la descentralización, mientras que en la gestión privada lo es la integración vertical de prestadores y aseguradoras, dando surgimiento a un agente nuevo: el inversionista en salud.Se concluye que el país se encuentra, todavía lejos de poder financiar la meta de universalización del acceso en salud. Las recomendaciones para mejorar el financiamiento, mancomunación y el gasto apuntan, casi simultáneamente, a generar un mayor financiamiento público y de la seguridad social dentro de una activa política de mejora de la eficiencia global e institucional del sistema, la que debe redundar tanto en mejores resultados sanitarios, como en la disminución drástica del gasto de bolsillo. Por tanto, el buen éxito de la función financiera está íntimamente relacionado con el buen desempeño de las funciones de rectoría y prestación.
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Sciadas, George. "The measurement of banking output and the treatment of interest in the system of national accounts." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28914.

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The satisfactory measurement of banking output has eluded statistical agencies since the inception of national income accounting. At the heart of the problem is the treatment of interest. Net interest payments are considered part of the output originating in the paying industries. When applied to the banking sector this practice results in unrealistically low or even negative output and an imputation is carried out to rectify the problem. This thesis identifies the problems surrounding the existing concepts and practices, discusses alternatives that have been proposed and develops a new approach to measuring banking output. The rate of interest is decomposed into a transfer and a service part and economic prices for banking services are constructed. Thus, nominal and real banking output are obtained in a straightforward manner. Empirical work points to the viability of the new approach.
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Kleinová, Nikola. "Statistické zachycení daní." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205598.

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Nowadays taxes are the most important tax income of the state budget and at the same time they affect the standard of living of the population in various ways. Although the countries try to harmonize tax systems, there are still considerable differences between them. The aim of the thesis is to capture taxes in the Czech Republic from the point of view of statistics and then perform the comparison within the countries of the European Union. The thesis contains a brief characterization of the national accounts and the classification of the taxes in the national accounts according to the ESA 2010. It further deals with the description of the Czech tax system, including a definition of the individual taxes. The subsequent section captures the tax burden expressed by tax quota and the rest of the thesis is devoted to the cluster analysis, which is then applied to the data from the annual national accounts. Using cluster analysis, EU countries have been divided into groups according to similarities and differences in tax systems and in particular on the basis of the tax quota.
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Sharma, Amit. "Co-alignment Framework for Evaluating the Implementation of the Tourism Satellite Accounts - A Case study of Tanzania." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28462.

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The poor quality and fragmented state of international statistics for the hospitality and tourism sector lead international organizations like the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations to develop and recognize a universally acceptable framework of tourism statistics. These efforts culminated into the development of the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA), the very first sector specific Satellite System of Accounts approved by the United Nations. The WTO has since made numerous efforts to promote the implementation of the TSA, more so in the developing countries. While the process is gaining momentum, the implementation of the entire TSA framework is a tedious procedure requiring a high level of financial and non-financial resources. This paradox, of scarce resources required for TSA implementation in developing countries that are in most need of its benefits, has been the crucial motivation for this research project. The present study proposes a framework for evaluating the implementation of the TSA so that the process is manageable and is able to economize on various resources required to implement this comprehensive statistical database. Using Tanzania as the case study, this research verifies the proposed framework for evaluating the TSA's implementation. The underlying model for the proposed implementation framework is the Co-alignment principle from the field of Strategic Management. Evidence of existence of the characteristics of Co-alignment model's components is verified, given the particular experience of TSA implementation in Tanzania. The results suggest that the process in Tanzania is currently misaligned and may require reallocation of certain resources to increase the effectiveness of TSA implementation. In context of the Co-alignment principle, there is evidence that the end-user needs have not been explicitly established. There is also a lack of knowledge regarding gaps that exist between the current statistical databases and how the TSA would be able to fill these shortcomings. This is true for both additional datasets required and the much needed improvements in statistical methodology. Furthermore, there is no clear prioritization of implementation tasks, which is contributing to the lack of financial sustainability of the project. There is indication that the allocation of current resources is misaligned with the requirements for developing institutional capacity, training, stakeholder support, (particularly with the private sector operators) and building a stable legislative framework to support the entire process. Finally, there are no clear performance monitoring and evaluation criteria to assess the ongoing performance of the implementation process as well as that of the entire statistical database. This is crucial to insure effectiveness of the resource allocation process. The conclusions from these observations have been proposed as recommendations to align the process of TSA implementation in Tanzania with the objective of increasing the efficiency of these ongoing efforts at the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the proposed evaluation framework can be used for assessing the effectiveness of implementing any generic national or regional statistical database.
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Rybáček, Václav. "Systém národního účetnictví a hospodářský cyklus." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77084.

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Thesis deals with system of national accounts providing information for economic policy institutions. Relation of the system to economic theory is examined with focus on disposable income. We try to answer the question if SNA follows theory originally used for construction the system or if SNA constitutes separated stream of economic theory. Then, crucial concepts of GDP calculation as definition of economic activity, value added concept or concept of derived demand are discussed. Key problem is the relation of GDP to business cycle anylsis, thus, we use alternative indicator of economic activity for analysis of Czech economy.
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Koronczi, Karol, and Mitsuo Ezaki. "A World Link CGE Model Applied to the Economic Reform in the Slovak Republic and EU Enlargement." Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7496.

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Vopravil, Jiří. "Odhady drogového trhu jako části nelegální ekonomiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2003. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77120.

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Drug trade is a part of non-observed economy in the system of national accounts. Estimations of drug trade were made from demand side based on estimation of drug consumption. This needs estimations of drug users, which was possible to estimate from drug use prevalence in last year. Several surveys done in society were the data source. Other information from the surveys was information about frequency of drug use. Several research studies gave information about consumed drug quantity by one opportunity. Police and customs have a common database about drug seizures. The database is source for information about import and export of drugs, drug purities by production or import and by consumption or export. Police reports drug prices also. The physical indicators of the drug trade are recalculated by wholesale and retail prices into financial indicators, which are possible to record into system of national accounts.
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Books on the topic "National Account System"

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Barykin, Alex, Valentin Ikryannikov, and Yuriy Budkin. National system of standardization of the Russian Federation. Principles, goals, objectives, forecast of development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058023.

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The monograph presents the research questions of efficiency of functioning of national standardization system of the Russian Federation, which was conducted by the authors in the framework of the analytical work on the order of Minpromtorg of Russia in 2018 (the state contract from April 17, 2018 No. 18401.16Д0190019.10.002) taking into account the actual directions of development of national standardization system of the Russian Federation and additional generalizations. The assessment of the current scenario of the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation was carried out using comparable indicators of the national standardization systems of France, Germany, great Britain and the USA. The findings and proposals were based on the results of a survey of civil servants at the Federal and regional levels on approaches to strategic dimensions of standardization. The methodology of forecasting the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation includes a scenario approach and a method of constructing dispersion diagrams (bubble diagrams) and sufficiently illustrates the current state of Affairs in the field of standardization at the national level. The developed tools will require additional configuration when changing the current development scenario from "inertial" to "progressive". A number of author's proposals to change the current scenario of development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation are presented. It is of interest to a wide range of readers and specialists in the field of public administration, standardization and can be used in the preparation of curricula and manuals for undergraduate, graduate and further education.
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Division, United Nations Statistical. System of national accounts, 1993. New York, NY: United Nations, 1993.

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Commission, European, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and World Bank, eds. System of national accounts 2008. New York: United Nations, 2009.

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Canada, Statistics. Financial flow accounts: System of national accounts. Ottawa, Ont: Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada, 1988.

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The total incomes system of accounts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.

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Kendrick, John W., ed. The New System of National Accounts. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1798-9.

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Canada. Statistics Canada. Income and Expenditure Accounts Division. System of national accounts. National income andexpenditure accounts. Annual estimates 1926-1986. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1988.

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National accounts statistics: In the accounting framework of system of national accounts, 1993. New Delhi: National Statistical Organisation, Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Govt. of India, 2010.

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National accounts statistics: In the accounting framework of UN system of national accounts, 2011. New Delhi: National Statistical Organisation, Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Government of India, 2011.

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United Nations. Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis. System of national accounts 1993 on CD-ROM. New York: UN, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "National Account System"

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Van Dieren, Wouter. "Failures of the System of National Accounts." In Taking Nature Into Account, 60–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4246-8_5.

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Van Dieren, Wouter. "Environmental Accounting and the System of National Accounts." In Taking Nature Into Account, 231–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4246-8_15.

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Kupczyk, M., M. Lawenda, N. Meyer, and P. Wolniewicz. "Using Virtual User Account System for Managing Users Account in Polish National Cluster." In High-Performance Computing and Networking, 587–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48228-8_66.

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Stuvel, G. "Deflation of Complete Systems." In National Accounts Analysis, 62–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08380-0_6.

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Stuvel, G. "Systems of Sector Accounts." In National Accounts Analysis, 93–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08380-0_9.

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Dougier, Nathanael, Pierre Garambois, Julien Gomand, and Lionel Roucoules. "Systemic Approach for Local Energy Mix Assessment." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 143–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_23.

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AbstractWhereas energy mainly comes from main national power plants, distributed energy resources and storage technologies would allow local territories to choose their energy sources and increase their autonomy. This paper presents a decision-support tool that propose to find new system architecture based compromises between economic, technical and environmental objectives. Based on a systemic approach, it takes into account a broad range of technologies and assesses multi-scale territories thanks to a physical modelling. Numerical simulations show the influence of different parameters on the ability of a system to balance power demand.
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Wesołowska, Judyta, Małgorzata Mirecka, and Tomasz Majda. "The Evolution of the Planning System in Poland from Sectoral to Integrated Strategic Planning." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 225–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_15.

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AbstractThe paper focuses on the evolution of the planning system in Poland. Its purpose is to show the evolution from short-term planning, subordinated to the requirements of the country’s economic development, to a long-term planning system, integrating various aspects of development—spatial, natural, economic, and social, taking place over the last century. The process described in the paper was largely conditioned by historical events, and the poor economic situation of the country in the post-war period and the changes taking place in the political system. The need for rapid economic development of the country dominated the planning of the interwar period (1920s and 1930s) and post-war period (1950s to 1970s), although the economic, social, and natural conditions were taken into account in 1930s spatial planning. The most complete representation of spatial integration of various planning scopes is visible in the “National Spatial Development Concept 2030,” which was the main subject of the study, as the basic document concerning national spatial planning. The research demonstrates the novelty of this document in relation to previous ones. It is based on the vision of Polish space on, the development of functional areas, determined on the basis of socioeconomic and spatial features treated in a dynamic approach. The need for changes in applicable law that would allow the “National Spatial Development Concept 2030” to be implemented in planning practice is also pointed out. The material presented in the paper may form the basis for comparative studies of planning documents on a national level in various European countries.
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Lo Cascio, Martino, and Maria Rosa Virdis. "The input-output system extended to environmental accounting." In National Accounts and the Environment, 65–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1592-3_5.

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Ruggles, Richard, and Harry H. Postner. "The United Nations System of National Accounts and the Integration of Macro and Micro Data." In The New System of National Accounts, 387–421. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1798-9_12.

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Carson, Carol S., Jan Tongeren, and Peter Hill. "Design of Economic Accounts and the 1993 System of National Accounts." In The New System of National Accounts, 25–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1798-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "National Account System"

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Farkhadov, Mais, and Sofiya Khayitova. "How a Multilingual Remote Teaching System Can Take into Account the Specifics of National Education." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education Science and Social Development (ESSD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essd-19.2019.51.

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Maderni, L., M. Fontana, and G. Icardi. "Control System for a Combined Cycle." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-145.

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The paper describes the organization and the architecture of the digital control system for the combined cycle of FIAT Mirafiori power plant. The choice of functions subject to automatic control is connected to the features required such as: - automatic start-up with steam turbine as prime mover; - operation of the cicle either in parallel or in “island” mode with regard to the national grid; - sliding pressure on the steam generation side, for higher cycle efficiency; In order to take into account interactions between the different equipment in the definition of the control functions, the behaviour of the whole cycle physical variables has been examined by a digital dynamic simulation.
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Ioana, Adrian, Daniela Tufeanu, Dragos Florin Marcu, Bogdan Florea, and Daniela Luta. "ELEMENTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE ECOLOGICAL FIELD PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/09.

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This article has as a starting point the definition of the concept of ecological principles. Then, after classification of the principles of ecology (domestic principles and international principles), we present and critically analyze and compare the main principles in the field of ecology. Among the ecological principles on the domestic chain, we present and analyze 11 principles, namely: pollution must be combated at the source; the interests of environmental protection must be taken into account in all design or execution decisions; any exploitation or use of natural resources must be avoided if it is accompanied by damage; it is necessary to raise the level of scientific and technological knowledge, inter alia by supporting scientific research; the costs of preventing and combating pollution to be borne by the polluter; the activity of one state not to harm the environment of another state; during the elaboration of the community policy in the field of environmental protection to take into account the interests of the developing states; community environmental protection policy must be developed in the long term and protection must be comprehensive and international, which is achieved, inter alia, through cooperation within international bodies; the cause of environmental protection is everyone's responsibility and for this reason education is irreplaceable; depending on the source of pollution, the most appropriate level of action must be established taking into account the nature of the pollution, the necessary measures, the characteristics of the protected territory. This principle is defined as a "subsidiary principle"; it is necessary to harmonize and coordinate national policy in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the long-term commonly accepted directives. We also present and analyze the principle according to which environmental protection must be an essential element of the economic and social policy of the state. Finally, another ecological principle, the principle of prevention of ecological risks and damage
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Igo, John, and Charles E. Andraka. "Solar Dish Field System Model for Spacing Optimization." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36154.

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Dish Stirling power generation systems have been identified by DOE, Sandia National Laboratories, and Stirling Energy Systems (SES) as having the capability of delivering utility-scale renewable energy to the nation’s electrical grid. SES has proposed large plants, 20,000 units or more (0.5 GW rated power) in one place, in order to rapidly ramp up production automation. With the large capital investment needed in such a plant it becomes critical to optimize the system at the field level, as well as at the individual unit level. In this new software model, we provide a tool that predicts the annual and monthly energy performance of a field of dishes, in particular taking into account the impact of dish-to-dish shading on the energy and revenue streams. The Excel-based model goes beyond prior models in that it incorporates the true dish shape (flexible to accommodate many dish designs), multiple-row shading, and a revenue stream model that incorporates time-of-day and time-of-year pricing. This last feature is critical to understanding key shading tradeoffs on a financial basis. The model uses TMY or 15-minute meteorological data for the selected location. It can incorporate local ground slope across the plant, as well as stagger between the rows of dish systems. It also incorporates field-edge effects, which can be significant on smaller plants. It also incorporates factors for measured degraded performance due to shading. This tool provides one aspect of the decision process for fielding many systems, and must be combined with land costs, copper layout and costs, and O&M predictions (driving distance issues) in order to optimize the loss of power due to shading against the added expense of a larger spatial array. Considering only the energy and revenue stream, the model indicates that a rectangular, unstaggered field layout maximizes field performance. We also found that recognizing and accounting for true performance degradation due to shading significantly impacts plant production, compared with prior modeling attempts.
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Francis, A., C. S. Jandu, and M. A. McCallum. "Use of Structural Reliability Analysis for Uprating Above Ground Installations." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1305.

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In support of an extensive programme to increase the operating pressure of the UK National Transmission System (NTS) Advantica Technologies Limited have developed a structural reliability based methodology which is used to demonstrate the safe operation of Above Ground Installations (AGIs) at increased pressure levels. The approach is based on Advantica’s methodology for demonstrating the safe operation of pipeline sections at high design factors. It incorporates the effects of stress concentrations occurring at Tees and bends within complex pipework systems, and addresses the credible failure modes, including shakedown, corrosion and fatigue, taking account of pressure and thermal loadings. Particular attention is given to the time-dependent nature of the failure modes and the mitigating effect of the pre-service hydrostatic test and weld inspections is included.
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Iijima, Kazuhiro, Junghyun Kim, and Masahiko Fujikubo. "Coupled Aerodynamic and Hydroelastic Analysis of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine System Under Wind and Wave Loads." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20772.

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A numerical procedure for the fully coupled aerodynamic and hydroelastic time-domain analysis of an offshore floating wind turbine system including rotor blade dynamics, dynamic motions and flexible deflections of the structural system is illustrated. For the aerodynamic analysis of wind turbine system, a design code FAST developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is employed. It is combined with a time-domain hydroelasticity response analysis code ‘Shell-Stress Oriented Dynamic Analysis Code (SSODAC)’ which has been developed by one of the authors. Then, the dynamic coupling between the rotating blades and the structural system under wind and wave loads is taken into account. By using this method, a series of analysis for the hydroelastic response of an offshore large floating structure with two rotors under combined wave and wind loads is performed. The results are compared with those under the waves and those under the winds, respectively, to investigate the coupled effects in terms of stress as well as motions. The coupling effects between the rotor-blades and the motions are observed in some cases. The impact on the structural design of the floating structure, tower and blade is addressed.
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Jobmann, Klaus, Simon F. Ruesche, and Jan Steuer. "Increase of Efficiency in Wireless Train Control Systems (ETCS Level 2) by the Use of Actual Packet-Oriented Transmission Concepts." In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63016.

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The European Rail Transport Management System (ERTMS) was introduced by the European Union (EU) to harmonize the nearly 18 different national train control systems which are currently in use, to accelerate the interoperability of the passenger- and freight-transport and, finally, to increase the utilization of tracks by dynamic train control. The essential components of ERTMS are the train-specific, cellular, professional mobile radio system GSM-R (GSM-Railway) and the so-called European Train Control System (ETCS) which provides, by its second expansion stage (ETCS Level 2), the control- and signalling-information between the train and the related control location via GSM-R in a connection-oriented and wireless way. This wireless and connection-oriented approach will be the bottleneck of the system, which considerably limits the possible number of voice- and data-connections in each cell at the same time and will cause a deadlock of the system, if the number of users will rapidly increase (e.g. accidents, freight depots, lines with a high and dynamic volume of traffic). Within this paper the first part of a packet-switched approach is presented to counteract this expected deadlock by taking into account that the GSM-R infrastructure, which is often already installed by the national railroad operators, also should be used to save the high capital investment of those companies.
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Di, Zhang, Liu Xin, Wang Zhe, Wang Guodong, Ni Chenxiao, Wei Shengjie, Hu Benxue, and Wang Zhangli. "Evaluation on CAP1400 Passive Containment Cooling System Capability." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67077.

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CAP1400 is the large advanced passive demonstration plant, which is one of the National Science and Technology Major Projects. CAP1400 is an innovative design and development based on AP1000 advanced design philosophy with passive safety features. While keeping the same safety level as AP1000, CAP1400 aims to improve plant economy by means of enlargement of reactor core, increase of unit power output and optimization of plant overall design. The CAP1400 nuclear power plant uses the passive containment cooling system (PCS) to remove heat from the containment after accidents when high mass and energy fluid is released from primary or secondary systems. On account of the more mass and energy release and the internal structures design changes of CAP1400, the operating parameters may exceed the range of AP600 and AP1000 containment tests. In order to further study the performance of the CAP1400 PCS system, a series of verification tests have been carried out in the National PWR Project. This paper describes the background of the test setup, the really focused issues of the experiment and the main test results. The experimental data from separate effect tests and large scaled test were analyzed and evaluated in depth. The performance of the PCS was studied, including water film coverage outside the containment shell, water film evaporation and heat transfer characteristics, air natural circulation and convection outside the containment vessel, convection and condensation of the air / steam mixture on the inner surface of the containment vessel, as well as the overall performance of PCS systems. The results show that the important correlations applied in CAP1400 containment pressure and temperature response analysis could predict the heat and mass transfer reasonably and the envelope factors used for safety analysis are conservative. Parameters affecting the containment pressure and temperature have been investigated, and the reasonability and conservation of containment thermal and hydraulic analysis code has been evaluated by comparing the calculated results with the measured results. The results show that containment analysis code could simulate the important heat transfer phenomena of the test containment well and predict the temperature and pressure response reasonably with some conservation. Containment pressure and temperature response analysis after typical design basis accident analysis have been preformed, and the results show that the CAP1400 PCS is sufficient to remove the heat from the containment which ensure the safety of the plant. All of the results provide firm basis for the development of CAP1400 and sufficient support for the safety review. This work also lays the foundation for the further development of relevant analytical tools and the development of advanced and passive technologies with higher power levels.
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Zaccaria, Valentina, David Tucker, Alberto Traverso, Paolo Pezzini, and Kenneth M. Bryden. "Active Control of Fuel Cell Degradation in an SOFC/GT Hybrid System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65036.

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A control strategy to mitigate fuel cell degradation effects in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) gas turbine (GT) hybrid system was implemented on the Hybrid Performance facility at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. In this experiment, a cyber-physical approach was employed to emulate the SOFC component and to couple it to a physical recuperated gas turbine. An empirical degradation model simulated fuel cell performance decay over time depending on operating parameters. A combination of virtual and physical actuators was manipulated with the goal of ensuring safe fuel cell performance over time, maintaining constant voltage and minimizing thermal stresses as fuel cell power degraded. Three single-input single-output controllers were used for this purpose. In particular, a gain scheduling approach was used for voltage control to account for different degraded conditions of operation because stability could not be maintained with the initial controller gains. In addition, a bypass valve control was designed to maintain constant temperature difference across the cell, and turbine load was manipulated to keep constant speed. This work presents the control design and implementation on the Hybrid Performance facility and illustrates the impact of fuel cell degradation on the entire system long-term performance. Controllers design was based on empirical transfer functions and stability analysis. Issues related to coupling phenomena between controlled variables are discussed. The results show the potential for an adequate control of the system to extend fuel cell operating lifetime.
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Ходжалиев, Салех Айсаевич. "PROBLEMS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INSPECTION OFFICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PENALTY OF RESTRICTION OF LIBERTY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC)." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Ноябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt188.2020.13.21.010.

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В статье автор рассматривает некоторые проблемы и спорные моменты, возникающие в деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций при исполнении наказания в виде ограничения свободы с учетом национальной специфики Чеченской Республики. Отмечается несовершенство системы надзора за лицами, осужденными к ограничению свободы и необходимость ее дальнейшего реформирования. The paper looks at the problems encountered in the activities of the criminal-Executive inspections during the execution of the penalty of restriction of liberty, taking into account national specifics of the Chechen Republic. It notes the imperfection of the system of supervision to persons convicted to deprivation of liberty and the need for further reform.
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Reports on the topic "National Account System"

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Diewert, W. Erwin. Price and Volume Measures in the System of National Accounts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5103.

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Consing III, Rafael Martin M. The Wellness Economy: A Comprehensive System of National Accounts Approach. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200433-2.

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This working paper explains how to derive indicators for a country’s wellness sector using the system of national accounts framework. It also provides estimates of these indicators for 10 countries in developing Asia across 2 time periods. Estimates include the wellness sector’s production and employment linkages with nonwellness sectors and potential losses in production and employment if the wellness sector were hypothetically extracted from each economy.
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Baldwin, John, and Tarek Harchaoui. The Integration of the Canadian Productivity Accounts within the System of National Accounts: Current Status and Challenges Ahead. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11107.

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Wilson, Karen. The Architecture of the System of National Accounts: A Three Country Comparison, Canada, Australia, and United Kingdom. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11106.

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Palumbo, Michael, and Jonathan Parker. The Integrated Financial and Real System of National Accounts for the United States: Does It Presage the Financial Crisis? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14663.

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Pizarro, Rodrigo, Raúl Delgado, Huáscar Eguino, and Aloisio Lopes Pereira. Climate Change Public Budget Tagging: Connections across Financial and Environmental Classification Systems. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003021.

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Identifying and evaluating climate expenditures in the public sector, known as budget tagging, has generated increasing attention from multiple stakeholders, not only to assess the governments climate change policy, but also to monitor fiscal risks associated with increasing and unpredictable climate change impacts. This paper explores the issues raised by climate change budget tagging in the context of a broader discussion on the connections with fiscal and environmental statistical classification systems. It argues that, for climate change budget tagging efforts to be successful, the definitions and classifications of climate change expenditures must be consistent with statistical standards currently in use, such as the Government Finance Statistics Framework and the System of National Accounts.
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Job, Jacob. Mesa Verde National Park: Acoustic monitoring report. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286703.

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In 2015, the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) received a request to collect baseline acoustical data at Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE). Between July and August 2015, as well as February and March 2016, three acoustical monitoring systems were deployed throughout the park, however one site (MEVE002) stopped recording after a couple days during the summer due to wildlife interference. The goal of the study was to establish a baseline soundscape inventory of backcountry and frontcountry sites within the park. This inventory will be used to establish indicators and thresholds of soundscape quality that will support the park and NSNSD in developing a comprehensive approach to protecting the acoustic environment through soundscape management planning. Additionally, results of this study will help the park identify major sources of noise within the park, as well as provide a baseline understanding of the acoustical environment as a whole for use in potential future comparative studies. In this deployment, sound pressure level (SPL) was measured continuously every second by a calibrated sound level meter. Other equipment included an anemometer to collect wind speed and a digital audio recorder collecting continuous recordings to document sound sources. In this document, “sound pressure level” refers to broadband (12.5 Hz–20 kHz), A-weighted, 1-second time averaged sound level (LAeq, 1s), and hereafter referred to as “sound level.” Sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale relative to the reference sound pressure for atmospheric sources, 20 μPa. The logarithmic scale is a useful way to express the wide range of sound pressures perceived by the human ear. Sound levels are reported in decibels (dB). A-weighting is applied to sound levels in order to account for the response of the human ear (Harris, 1998). To approximate human hearing sensitivity, A-weighting discounts sounds below 1 kHz and above 6 kHz. Trained technicians calculated time audible metrics after monitoring was complete. See Methods section for protocol details, equipment specifications, and metric calculations. Median existing (LA50) and natural ambient (LAnat) metrics are also reported for daytime (7:00–19:00) and nighttime (19:00–7:00). Prominent noise sources at the two backcountry sites (MEVE001 and MEVE002) included vehicles and aircraft, while building and vehicle predominated at the frontcountry site (MEVE003). Table 1 displays time audible values for each of these noise sources during the monitoring period, as well as ambient sound levels. In determining the current conditions of an acoustical environment, it is informative to examine how often sound levels exceed certain values. Table 2 reports the percent of time that measured levels at the three monitoring locations were above four key values.
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Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, Magali Guichardot, Michael Foguer, Joseph Ingram, Michelle Prats, Carlos Pulido, Robert Shamblin, and Kevin Whelan. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.

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The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.
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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, and Renato Vargas. Integrating the Value of Natural Capital in Evidence-Based Policy Making. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002900.

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This paper describes how Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) can be integrated into economy wide analytical frameworks to enhance evidence based decision making. Examples from applications of the Integrated Environmental Economic Modelling (IEEM) Platform show how explicitly accounting for the contributions of the environment to the economy in economic forecasting can lead to substantially different policy recommendations, overcoming some of the scope limitations of traditional economic performance analysis. Furthermore, the paper describes how NCA can be integrated into more traditional economic performance measurements, such as the System of National Accounts and their indicators such as adjusted Gross Domestic Product and Genuine Savings. Integration of natural capital into economy-wide analytical frameworks leads to better policy uptake of research findings and it empowers policymakers to avoid short-sighted decisions, which, although they can generate short-term economic gain, can have adverse consequences for economic, social, and environmental sustainability in the long run.
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Shaping the COVID decade: addressing the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. The British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bac19stf/9780856726590.001.

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In September 2020, the British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review to address the question: What are the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19? This short but substantial question led us to a rapid integration of evidence and an extensive consultation process. As history has shown us, the effects of a pandemic are as much social, cultural and economic as they are about medicine and health. Our aim has been to deliver an integrated view across these areas to start understanding the long-term impacts and how we address them. Our evidence review – in our companion report, The COVID decade – concluded that there are nine interconnected areas of long-term societal impact arising from the pandemic which could play out over the coming COVID decade, ranging from the rising importance of local communities, to exacerbated inequalities and a renewed awareness of education and skills in an uncertain economic climate. From those areas of impact we identified a range of policy issues for consideration by actors across society, about how to respond to these social, economic and cultural challenges beyond the immediate short-term crisis. The challenges are interconnected and require a systemic approach – one that also takes account of dimensions such as place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term). History indicates that times of upheaval – such as the pandemic – can be opportunities to reshape society, but that this requires vision and for key decisionmakers to work together. We find that in many places there is a need to start afresh, with a more systemic view, and where we should freely consider whether we might organise life differently in the future. In order to consider how to look to the future and shape the COVID decade, we suggest seven strategic goals for policymakers to pursue: build multi-level governance; improve knowledge, data and information linkage and sharing; prioritise digital infrastructure; reimagine urban spaces; create an agile education and training system; strengthen community-led social infrastructure; and promote a shared social purpose. These strategic goals are based on our evidence review and our analysis of the nine areas of long-term societal impact identified. We provide a range of illustrative policy opportunities for consideration in each of these areas in the report that follows.
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