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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'National Aboriginal Congress (Australia)'
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1
Schroeder, Jacqueline. "Aboriginal cultural tourism : Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park." Thesis, University of Sydney, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/276115.
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Hayes, Anna-Lisa. "Aborigines, tourism and Central Australia : national visions disarticulated from local realities." Thesis, Macquarie University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/281585.
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Thinking about Aborigines and tourism has a short but dynamic history. Twenty years ago Aboriginal presence was seen as an intrusion on white enjoyment of geological formations and wildlife in an unpeopled landscape
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Woodpower, Zeb Joseph. "The Australian National History Curriculum: Politics at Play." Thesis, Department of History, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10246.
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In 2006, Prime Minister John Howard’s call for the root and renewal of Australian history initiated an ideologically driven process of developing an Australian national history curriculum which was completed by the Labor Government in 2012. Rather than being focussed on pedagogy, the process was characterised by the use of the curriculum as an ideological tool. This thesis provides accounts of the some of the key events during this period and engages with the conceptual debates that underlie the history curriculum being invested with such potent cultural authority.
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Kelleher, Matthew H. "Archaeology of sacred space the spatial nature of religious behaviour in the Blue Mountains National Park Australia /." Connect to full text, 2002. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/4138.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed April 6, 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2003; thesis submitted 2002. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Booth, Sarah. "Teaching Aboriginal curriculum content in Australian high schools." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1522.
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Many misconceptions about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders stem from Australia’s period of colonisation in the 18th and 19th centuries when Indigenous people were believed to be inferior by European settlers. It is disturbing that after 200 years these negative ideas still exist and are often perpetuated through the mass media. Even though schools are well positioned to challenge these colonial values; unfortunately there are many factors which affect the depth and quality of teaching Aboriginal content, such as culture, history and contemporary issues.
The government has aimed to disperse the inconsistencies associated with teaching Aboriginal perspectives by implementing a new Australian Curriculum with prescribed Aboriginal content. However, these changes will only have an impact if teachers are equipped and motivated to implement them. Therefore, understanding what influences teachers’ choice of content and approach to teaching Aboriginal Studies was a key aspect of this study. To explore these influences, non-Aboriginal teachers were interviewed at both government and independent schools. A desktop audit analysing the courses at Western Australian universities placed the participants’ responses into context of the pre-service and in-service learning available. An audit of the Australian Curriculum explored the expectations placed on teachers and the depth to which Aboriginal perspectives can be taught or avoided in secondary schools.
This study identified four key issues that affected the teaching of Aboriginal curriculum content by non-Aboriginal teachers. These factors are: time management, school culture, teacher interest and preconceived ideas of both teachers and students. These issues must be addressed in order to improve the quality teaching of Aboriginal perspectives by standardising in-service learning and pre-service learning. Furthermore, improving cultural competency and acknowledging Aboriginal culture is critical at every school, regardless of the number of Aboriginal students. This study also revealed that the presence of an Aboriginal and Islander Education Officer could have a big impact in providing support, information and an Aboriginal presence at the school. Without these changes it will be difficult to disperse colonial values and challenge negative stereotypes
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Stephenson, Peta. "Beyond black and white : Aborigines, Asian-Australians and the national imaginary /." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1708.
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This thesis examines how Aboriginality, ‘Asianness’ and whiteness have been imagined from Federation in 1901 to the present. It recovers a rich but hitherto largely neglected history of twentieth century cross-cultural partnerships and alliances between Indigenous and Asian-Australians. Commercial and personal intercourse between these communities has existed in various forms on this continent since the pre-invasion era. These cross-cultural exchanges have often been based on close and long-term shared interests that have stemmed from a common sense of marginalisation from dominant Anglo-Australian society. At other times these cross-cultural relationships have ranged from indifference to hostility, reflecting the fact that migrants of Asian descent remain the beneficiaries of the dispossession of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. (For complete abstract open document)
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Kelleher, Matthew. "Archaeology of sacred space : the spatial nature of religious behaviour in the Blue Mountains National Park Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4138.
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This thesis examines the material correlates of religious behaviour. Religion is an important part of every culture, but the impact religion has on structuring material culture is not well understood. Archaeologists are hampered in their reconstructions of the past because they lack comparative methods and universal conventions for identifying religious behaviour. The principal aim of this thesis is to construct an indicator model which can archaeologically identify religious behaviour. The basis for the proposed model stems directly from recurrent religious phenomena. Such phenomena, according to anthropological and cognitive research, relate to a series of spatio-temporally recurrent religious features which relate to a universal foundation for religious concepts. Patterns in material culture which strongly correlate with these recurrent phenomena indicate likely concentrations of religious behaviour. The variations between sacred and mundane places can be expected to yield information regarding the way people organise themselves in relation to how they perceive their cosmos. Using cognitive religious theory, stemming from research in neurophysiology and psychology, it is argued that recurrent religious phenomena owe their replication to the fact that certain physical stimuli and spatial concepts are most easily interpreted by humans in religious ideas. Humans live in a world governed by natural law, and it is logical that the concepts generated by humans will at least partially be similarly governed. Understanding the connection between concept and cause results in a model of behaviour applicable to cross-cultural analysis and strengthens the model’s assumption base. In order to test the model of religious behaviour developed in this thesis it is applied to a regional archaeological matrix from the Blue Mountains National Park in New South Wales, Australia. Archaeological research in the Blue Mountains has tentatively identified ceremonial sites based on untested generalised associations between select artefact types and distinctive geographic features. The method of analysis in this thesis creates a holistic matrix of archaeological and geographic data, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative measures, which generates a statistical norm for the region. Significant liminal deviations from this norm, which are characteristic indicators of religious behaviour are then identified. Confidence in these indicators’ ability to identify ceremonial sites is obtained by using a distance matrix and algorithms to examine the spatial patterns of association between significant variables. This thesis systematically tests the associations between objects and geography and finds that a selective array and formulaic spatiality of material correlates characteristic of religious behaviour does exist at special places within the Blue Mountains. The findings indicate a wide spread if more pocketed distribution of ceremonial sites than is suggested in previous models. The spatial/material relationships for identified religious sites indicates that these places represent specialised extensions of an interdependent socio-economic system where ceremonial activity and subsistence activity operated in balance and were not isolated entities.
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Kelleher, Matthew. "Archaeology of sacred space : the spatial nature of religious behaviour in the Blue Mountains National Park Australia." University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4138.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis thesis examines the material correlates of religious behaviour. Religion is an important part of every culture, but the impact religion has on structuring material culture is not well understood. Archaeologists are hampered in their reconstructions of the past because they lack comparative methods and universal conventions for identifying religious behaviour. The principal aim of this thesis is to construct an indicator model which can archaeologically identify religious behaviour. The basis for the proposed model stems directly from recurrent religious phenomena. Such phenomena, according to anthropological and cognitive research, relate to a series of spatio-temporally recurrent religious features which relate to a universal foundation for religious concepts. Patterns in material culture which strongly correlate with these recurrent phenomena indicate likely concentrations of religious behaviour. The variations between sacred and mundane places can be expected to yield information regarding the way people organise themselves in relation to how they perceive their cosmos. Using cognitive religious theory, stemming from research in neurophysiology and psychology, it is argued that recurrent religious phenomena owe their replication to the fact that certain physical stimuli and spatial concepts are most easily interpreted by humans in religious ideas. Humans live in a world governed by natural law, and it is logical that the concepts generated by humans will at least partially be similarly governed. Understanding the connection between concept and cause results in a model of behaviour applicable to cross-cultural analysis and strengthens the model’s assumption base. In order to test the model of religious behaviour developed in this thesis it is applied to a regional archaeological matrix from the Blue Mountains National Park in New South Wales, Australia. Archaeological research in the Blue Mountains has tentatively identified ceremonial sites based on untested generalised associations between select artefact types and distinctive geographic features. The method of analysis in this thesis creates a holistic matrix of archaeological and geographic data, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative measures, which generates a statistical norm for the region. Significant liminal deviations from this norm, which are characteristic indicators of religious behaviour are then identified. Confidence in these indicators’ ability to identify ceremonial sites is obtained by using a distance matrix and algorithms to examine the spatial patterns of association between significant variables. This thesis systematically tests the associations between objects and geography and finds that a selective array and formulaic spatiality of material correlates characteristic of religious behaviour does exist at special places within the Blue Mountains. The findings indicate a wide spread if more pocketed distribution of ceremonial sites than is suggested in previous models. The spatial/material relationships for identified religious sites indicates that these places represent specialised extensions of an interdependent socio-economic system where ceremonial activity and subsistence activity operated in balance and were not isolated entities.
9
Leon, de la Barra Sophia. "Building research capacity for indigenous health : a case study of the National Health and Medical Research Council : the evolution and impact of policy and capacity building strategies for indigenous health research over a decade from 1996 to 2006." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3538.
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As Australia’s leading agency for funding health research (expending over $400 million in 2006), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has a major responsibility to improve the evidence base for health policy and practice. There is an urgent need for better evidence to guide policy and programs that improve the health of Indigenous peoples. In 2002, NHMRC endorsed a series of landmark policy changes to acknowledge its ongoing role and responsibilities in Indigenous health research—adopting a strategic Road Map for research, improving Indigenous representation across NHMRC Council and Principal Committees, and committing 5% of its annual budget to Indigenous health research. This thesis examines how these policies evolved, the extent to which they have been implemented, and their impact on agency expenditure in relation to People Support. Additionally, this thesis describes the impact of NHMRC policies in reshaping research practices among Indigenous populations.
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Leon, de la Barra Sophia. "Building research capacity for indigenous health : a case study of the National Health and Medical Research Council : the evolution and impact of policy and capacity building strategies for indigenous health research over a decade from 1996 to 2006." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3538.
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Master of PhilosophyAs Australia’s leading agency for funding health research (expending over $400 million in 2006), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has a major responsibility to improve the evidence base for health policy and practice. There is an urgent need for better evidence to guide policy and programs that improve the health of Indigenous peoples. In 2002, NHMRC endorsed a series of landmark policy changes to acknowledge its ongoing role and responsibilities in Indigenous health research—adopting a strategic Road Map for research, improving Indigenous representation across NHMRC Council and Principal Committees, and committing 5% of its annual budget to Indigenous health research. This thesis examines how these policies evolved, the extent to which they have been implemented, and their impact on agency expenditure in relation to People Support. Additionally, this thesis describes the impact of NHMRC policies in reshaping research practices among Indigenous populations.
11
Shibish, Lori-Ann. "The evolution of joint management in Western Australia parks and the indigenous tourism nexus." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1694.
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Since the early 2000s, park management approaches to protected area governance have undergone a significant transformation, driven by the realisation that long-term conservation outcomes depend on participation in decision-making by stakeholders. To meet these challenges one of the measures being adopted by park managers is to engage in joint management arrangements. Recent changes to the conservation legislation in Western Australia provides the capacity for the Department of Parks and Wildlife (Parks and Wildlife) to enter into joint management arrangements with Aboriginal traditional owners and others for the management of protected areas, regardless of the land vesting or tenure. Joint management activities provide both formal and informal opportunities for mentoring, skills building, resource sharing, and knowledge mobilisation.
Aboriginal traditional owners, through native title settlements, are regaining rights and control over land and resources. Successful native title claims have the potential to contribute to the advancement of social and economic wellbeing of Aboriginal communities. One compatible type of economic development occurring in parks is sustainable tourism - specifically ecotourism and cultural tourism. It is argued that tourism can assist in achieving conservation goals, as the need for ecological sustainability and biological conservation becomes greater due to habitat loss, population increases, hunting wildlife and poverty. Some specialists advocate for the resource management process to fully integrate tourism, since the base of the parks-tourism partnership is resource sustainability.
This qualitative study used multi-method triangulation (participant observation, interviews, document analysis, case study) with the intent of identifying the place of Aboriginal tourism development within the shared governance structure of joint management. The research highlighted successful Aboriginal tourism development outcomes brought about through the capacity building that occurs within strong working relationships, forged over many years between Parks and Wildlife staff and local Aboriginal communities.
One important research finding is the emergence of a parks - tourism – Aboriginal people – joint management nexus, as revealed by those directly involved in joint management strongly viewing Aboriginal tourism development as an important outcome. However, the research found that government, tourism professionals and the public had difficulty in understanding the concept of joint management and its value in facilitating Aboriginal tourism. Evidence of the disconnect is seen in the government’s failure to provide adequate funding for these activities and highlights an opportunity for educating the tourism industry and government about joint management’s potential to assist with Aboriginal tourism development. The State Government could do more to support the important component of capacity building facilitated through joint management, which fosters cross-cultural awareness, skill enhancement, and economic and social development amongst the stakeholders.
An equally important finding is the ability of the Conservation and Land Management Regulations 2002 to provide a mechanism for Aboriginal joint management partners to adequately manage visitors and tour operators on their lands, as Aboriginal communities currently have very limited powers to regulate access.
Joint management provides a vehicle to achieve sustainable benefits for conservation, communities and country including supporting Aboriginal tourism development. Therefore it is paramount that joint management partners are cognitive of the important role of tourism when they undertake the task of preparing management plans for protected areas, and Governments provide adequate funding to sustain joint management activities.
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Walsh, Fiona Jane. "To hunt and to hold : Martu Aboriginal people's uses and knowledge of their country, with implications for co-management in Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park and the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0127.
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[Truncated abstract] This ethnoecological study examines land uses by modern Martu Aboriginal people on their country. They occupy very remote settlementsParnngurr, Punmu and Kunawarritjiin the Great and Little Sandy Deserts. In 1990, their country included Crown Lands and Rudall River National Park. The study investigated the proposition that the knowledge and practices of Martu were of direct relevance to ecosystem processes and national park management. This research commenced in the wider Australian research context of the late 1980s early 90s when prevailing questions were about the role of customary harvest within contemporary Aboriginal society (Altman 1987; Devitt 1988) and the sustainability of species-specific harvests by Australian indigenous people (Bomford & Caughley 1996). Separately, there was a national line of enquiry into Aboriginal roles in natural resource and protected area management (Williams & Hunn 1986; Birckhead et al. 1992). The field work underpinning this study was done in 19861988 and quantitative data collected in 1990 whilst the researcher lived on Martu settlements. Ethnographic information was gathered from informal discussions, semi-structured interviews and participant observation on trips undertaken by Martu. A variety of parameters was recorded for each trip in 1990. On trips accompanied by the researcher, details on the plant and animal species collected were quantified. Martu knowledge and observations of Martu behaviour are interpreted in terms of the variety of land uses conducted and transport strategies including vehicle use; the significance of different species collected; socio-economic features of bush food collection; spatio-temporal patterns of foraging; and, the 'management' of species and lands by Martu. The research found that in 1990, hunting and gathering were major activities within the suite of land uses practiced by Martu. At least 40% of trips from the settlements were principally to hunt. More than 43 animal species and 37 plant food species were reported to be collected during the study; additionally, species were gathered for firewood, medicines and timber artefacts. Customary harvesting persisted because of the need for sustenance, particularly when there were low store supplies, as well as other reasons. The weight of bush meats hunted at least equalled and, occasionally, was three times greater than the weights of store meats available to Parnngurr residents. ... Paradoxically, hunting was a subject of significant difference despite it being the principal activity driving Martu expertise and practice. There is potential for comanagement in the National Park but it remains contingent on many factors between both Martu and DEC as well as external to them. The dissertation suggests practical strategies to enhance co-management.
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Vidal, Anne. "Representing Australian identity in the years 2000-2001 : the Sydney Olympic Games and the Centenary of Federation (selling Australia to the world or commemorating a flawless past?)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27914.
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In his book, Inventing Australia: Images and Identity 1688-1980,
Richard White argues that:
There is no 'real' Australia waiting to be uncovered. A national
identity is an invention [. ..]. When we look at ideas about national
identity, we need to ask, not whether they are true or false, but
what their function is, whose creation they are, and what interests
they serve.
White's argument is a useful starting point when considering the
“obsession” Australian intellectuals have always felt to uncover their
national identity, which goes back to the very birth of Australia as a settler-colony.
Australia’s beginning as a colony not only implied a complete
dependence in terms of economy, defence and culture towards Great
Britain but also the dispossession of the indigenous population under the
legal doctrine of Terra Nullius. All settler-colonies in search for a national
identity follow the same initiatory path. The settlers at first feel isolated and
in exile, far away from any familiar landmark and find it difficult to
measure up with the mother country. After having, not without difficulty,
defined itself through the invention and the appropriation of myths
originating from the dominant Anglo Celtic society, Australia now seems to
suffer from a national identity crisis. The last three decades saw the
challenging and eroding of the mainstream white Australia identity by
minority groups such as women, non Anglo-Celtic migrants and indigenous
Australians. While those groups have made their voices heard throughout
the last thirty years, we can easily identify a dominant decade for each
group. Women saw most of their claims settled in the 1970s,
multiculturalism became a reality in the 1980s while indigenous
Australians stamped on the 1990s with native title laws, the reconciliation
movement and the growing acceptance and adoption of Aboriginality as a
desirable component of the Australian national identity.
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Mwebaza, Rose. "The right to public participation in environmental decision making a comparative study of the legal regimes for the participation of indigneous [sic] people in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia and Uganda /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22980.
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"August 2006"Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Law, 2007.
Bibliography: p. 343-364.
Abstract -- Candidate's certification -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms -- Chapter one -- Chapter two: Linking public participation to environmental decision making and natural resources management -- Chapter three: The right to public participation -- Chapter four: Implementing the right to public participation in environmental decision making : the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas -- Chapter five: The legal and policy regime for the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia -- Chapter six: The legal and policy regime for the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Uganda -- Chapter seven: Implementing public participation in environmental decision making in Australia and Uganda : a comparative analysis -- Chapter eight: The right to public participation in enviromental decision making and natural resources management : summary and conclusions -- Bibliography.
In recognition of the importance of public participation as a basis for good governance and democracy, Mr Kofi Annan, Secretary General to the United Nations, has noted that: "Good governance demands the consent and participation of the governed and the full participation and lasting involvement of all citizens in the future of their nation. The will of the people must be the basis of governmental authority. That is the foundation of democracy. That is the foundation of good governance Good governance will give every citizen, young or old, man or woman, a real and lasting stake in the future of his or her society". The above quotation encapsulates the essence of what this thesis has set out to do; to examine the concept of public participation and its application in environmental governance within the context of the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia and Uganda. The concept of public participation is of such intrinsic importance that it has emerged as one of the fundamental principles underpinning environmental governance and therefore forms the basis for this study. -- Environmental governance, as a concept that captures the ideal of public participation, is basically about decisions and the manner in which they are made. It is about who has 'a seat at the table' during deliberations and how the interests of affected communities and ecosystems are represented. It is also about how decision makers are held responsible for the integrity of the process and for the results of their decisions. It relates to business people, property owners, farmers and consumers. Environmental governance is also about the management of actions relating to the environment and sustainable development. It includes individual choices and actions like participating in public hearings or joining local watchdog groups or, as consumers, choosing to purchase environmentally friendly products. -- The basic principles behind good governance and good environmental decision making have been accepted for more than a decade. The 178 nations that attended the Rio Summit in 1992 all endorsed these nvironmental governance principles when they signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio Declaration) - a charter of 27 principles meant to guide the world community towards sustainable development. The international community re-emphasised the importance of these principles at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. -- The right to public participation in nvironmental decision making and natural resources management is one of the 27 principles endorsed by the nations of the world and is embodied in the provisions of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration.
Environmental decisions occur in many contexts. They range from personal choices like whether to walk or drive to work, how much firewood to burn, or whether to have another child. They encompass the business decisions that communities or corporations make about where to locate their facilities, how much to emphasise eco-friendly product design and how much land to preserve. They include national laws enacted to conserve the environment, to regulate pollution, manage public land or regulate trade. They take into account international commitments made to regulate trade in endangered species or limit acid rain or C02 emissions. -- Environmental decisions also involve a wide range of actors: individuals; local, state and national governments; community and tribal authorities such as indigenous peoples; civic organisations; interested groups; labour unions; national and transactional corporations; scientists; and international bodies such as the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Trade Organisation. -- Each of the actors have different interests, different levels of authority and different information, making their actions complex and frequently putting their decisions at odds with each other and with ecological processes that sustain the natural systems we depend on. -- Accordingly, this thesis aims to examine participation in environmental decision making in a way that demonstrates these complexities and interdependencies. It will explore the theoretical and conceptual basis for public participation and how it is incorporated into international and domestic environmental and natural resources law and policy. -- It will examine public participation in the context of the legal and policy framework for the conservation and management of protected areas and will use case studies involving the participation of indigeneous peoples in Australia and Uganda to provide the basis for a comparative analysis. -- The thesis will also faces on a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and meaningfulness of the process for public participation in environmental decision making in Australia and Uganda. There is extensive literature on the purposes to which participation may be put; the stages in the project cycle at which it should be employed; the level and power with regard to the decision making process which should be afforded to the participants; the methods which may be appropriate under the different circumstances, as well as detailed descriptions of methods; approaches and forms or typologies of public participation; and the benefits and problems of such participation.
However, there is not much significant literature that examines and analyses the meaningfulness and effectiveness of the contextual processes of such participation. This is despite the widespread belief in the importance and value of public participation, particularly by local and indigenous communities, even in the face of disillusionment caused by deceit, manipulation and tokenism. Accordingly, the thesis will use case studies to demonstrate the meaningfulness and effectiveness or otherwise of public participation in environmental decision making in protected area management. -- Increasingly, the terminology of sustainable development is more appropriate to describe contemporary policy objectives in this area, with an emphasis on promoting local livelihood and poverty alleviation within the constraints of ecosystem management. However, the domestic legal frameworks, and institutional development, in Australia and Uganda tend to reflect earlier concepts of environmental and natural resources management (referred to as environmental management in this thesis). There are some significant differences between a North (developed) nation and a South (developing) nation, in terms of the emphasis on economic objectives, political stability, resources and legal and administrative capacity. The thesis intends to explore these differences for the comparative analysis and to draw on them to highlight the complexities and interdependencies of public participation by indigenous peoples in environmental decision making, natural resources and protected area management.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
377 p
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Carman, Rebecca Anne. "The impact of immunisation service delivery in general practice on Aboriginal children living in the Perth metropolitan area: An opportunity to reduce the gap?" Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2176.
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Walker, Roz. "Transformative strategies in indigenous education : a study of decolonisation and positive social change : the Indigenous Community Management Program, Curtin University." Thesis, Click here for electronic access, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/678.
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This thesis is located within the social and political context of Indigenous education within Australia. Indigenous people continue to experience unacceptable levels of disadvantage and social marginalisation. The struggle for indigenous students individually and collectively lies in being able to determine a direction which is productive and non-assimilationist – which offers possibilities of social and economic transformation, equal opportunities and cultural integrity and self-determination. The challenge for teachers within the constraints of the academy is to develop strategies that are genuinely transformative, empowering and contribute to decolonisation and positive social change. This thesis explores how the construction of two theoretical propositions – the Indigenous Community Management and Development (ICMD) practitioner and the Indigenous/non-Indigenous Interface – are decolonising and transformative strategies. It investigates how these theoretical constructs and associated discourses are incorporated into the Centre’s policy processes, curriculum and pedagogy to influence and interact with the everyday lives of students in their work and communities and the wider social institutions. It charts how a group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous staff interact with these propositions and different ideas and discourses interrupting, re-visioning, reformulating and integrating these to form the basis for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous futures in Australia.
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Walker, Roz. "Transformative strategies in Indigenous education a study of decolonisation and positive social change." Click here for electronic access, 2004. http://adt.caul.edu.au/homesearch/get/?mode=advanced&format=summary&nratt=2&combiner0=and&op0=ss&att1=DC.Identifier&combiner1=and&op1=-sw&prevquery=OR%28REL%28SS%3BDC.Identifier%3Buws.edu.au%29%2CREL%28WD%3BDC.Relation%3BNUWS%29%29&att0=DC.Title&val0=Transformative+strategies+in+indigenous+education+&val1=NBD%3A.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004.Title from electronic document (viewed 15/6/10) Presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, 2004. Includes bibliography.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Hansen, Christine Frances. "Telling Absence: Aboriginal social history and the National Museum of Australia." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9328.
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The ordinary stories of ordinary Aboriginal people are a necessary part of Australian history. Yet museums throughout Australia, and in particular the National Museum of Australia, which are charged with the task of telling these stories, struggle to find appropriate material means to do
so: the history which shaped Australian museum collections and the history which shaped contemporary Aboriginal communities do not neatly converge. This research reflects on both.
The structure of this thesis is fashioned around three distinct voices. The first of these is my own where I give an account of my engagement with the Ngarigo community from the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales into whose contemporary reality and history I am drawn. This reflexive narrative also provides the means for consideration of the complex and sometimes confronting research process as it unfolds in the field. Stories rather than objects were central to the interests of the community participants and it was a story, or rather a series of stories, which I felt would best serve the thorny conjunction of politics, history and representation at the core of this project. Story is also the central method in the second voice of this work, that of the
historical narrative. Here the plot centres not so much on reflection as on reconstruction of a Ngarigo family history. It is this voice that provides a powerful juxtaposition between the reality of lived lives and the constructions of Aboriginality emanating from both the academy and from within institutions of popular culture such as museums. The third voice of the thesis offers an analytical examination of the ideas underpinning the conceptual and historical elements out of which a museum is constructed. In this way I explore how the processes which have constituted the museum might be re-configured to accommodate the particularities of Aboriginal social
history.
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Holt, Leanne. "The development of Aboriginal education policy in Australia - voices of the National Aboriginal Education Committee (NAEC)." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1335368.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)If there is going to be harmony between our two societies then it will have to be through education. When white people have a better awareness of Aboriginals then maybe our kids will have a better time. Stephen Albert. (Ohlsson, 1977, p. 2) I acknowledge the traditional custodians of the lands in which this thesis is connected, is written on and is examined on. I pay my respect to the Elders past and present who have and continue to pass on their knowledge and wisdom for the sustainability of our environment, our culture and our education. Responding to the activist movements of the 1960s, the Commonwealth Government introduced new policy directions that called for the Self-Determination and Self-Management of Aboriginal peoples; to have a strong voice in their own future directions and their own affairs. Education was no exception. In 1973 the Schools in Australia Report identified the poor educational conditions and outcomes of Aboriginal children (Karmel, 1973). In 1977 the National Aboriginal Education Committee (NAEC) was established. The new Committee was to ensure a national Aboriginal voice in the development and implementation of Aboriginal education programs, initiatives and policies across all levels of education for Aboriginal people. The NAEC was active until 1989. The 1970s and 1980s transpired to be a fundamental time for Aboriginal affairs and Aboriginal education. Past policies had stifled Aboriginal people’s progression socially and academically, resulting in extremely low educational outcomes. The 1980s witnessed the biggest growth in the access and participation of Aboriginal people in all levels of education in nearly 200 years. Through the voices of the NAEC members, this study maps the journey of the NAEC and the major priorities at this time. The study also determines the impact of the NAEC on the development of national Aboriginal education policy that would lead the future directions and strategies for the access, participation, retention and success of Aboriginal people through education. An Indigenous methodology that included storytelling is applied to the study. Storytelling is vital in Aboriginal communities to teach and pass on important lessons. Throughout this study participants, as co-researchers, assisted me in sharing their stories that respond to the research question posed in the thesis – How did the NAEC contribute to the development of Aboriginal education policy in Australia? The study revealed that the NAEC contributed significantly to the development of Aboriginal education policy, establishing structures and relationships that empowered Aboriginal communities to have a voice in decision making related to Aboriginal education. This resulted in significant educational outcomes for Aboriginal people and Aboriginal communities that were sustained after the NAEC was abolished.
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楊志津. "Digital Preservation Projects of the National Library of Australia and Library of Congress: A Comparative Study." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65675901796984511555.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
圖書資訊與檔案學研究所
95
The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors that helped to materialize the national library digital preservation projects. Through description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison, this study research the concepts of the digital preservation projects from Library of Congress and National Library of Australia, which include the role, the mission, the legal deposit policy, the background, and the relevant factors of the digital preservation standards and strategy. Finally come up with the suggestion of the digital preservation projects of our own. The results of this study include 15 common factors and 3 different factors. The common factors are: 1.The national libraries are responsible for the legal deposit policy due to the copyright act；2.Emphasize on the digital preservation；3. Emphasize on the legal deposit policy；4.There is no common agreement on digital resources deposit policy；5.Carry out national digital preservation projects；6.Execute the web capture projects；7.Adopt the strategy of collecting digital resources together； 8.Construct the descriptive metadata standards；9.Adopt several metadata schemas； 10.Construct preservation metadata standards；11.Digital preservation strategy；12. Adopt official digital preservation standard OAIS；13.Adopt HTTrack web capture tool；14.Emphasize on the permanent access of the digital resources；15.Appropriate digital resources access strategy. The different factors are: 1.The development of the national digital preservation projects；2.The collection of the web-based resources projects；3.The selection decision of the digital resources. The conclusions of the study are: 1.The importance on digital preservation of a national library；2.The issues of legal deposit policy and the deposition of the digital resources；3.Successfully promote the development of a digital preservation project；4.Digital resources collection policy and selection guidelines；5.Web resources cataloging standards；6.Metadata standards；7.Descriptive metadata；8.Preservation metadata；9.Digital repository；10.Digital preservation strategy；11.Access and services of digital preservation；12.Succesful factors of promoting digital preservation projects. The study makes final suggestions as follows: 1.Emphasis on the research of born digital materials. 2. Promote national central library to develop our national digital preservation projects. 3. Construct the web-archiving pilot project. 4. Establish the digital collection development policy. 5. Establish the digital preservation policy.
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McPaul, Christine. "Corroboree, performativity and the constructions of identity in Australia c1788-2008." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150584.
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Frederick, Ursula. "Drawing in differences : changing social contexts of rock art production in Watarrka (Kings Canyon) National Park, Central Australia." Master's thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150334.
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Schultz, Elaine. "Curating self-determination : individual, institutional, and intercultural relationships in australia's museums." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151104.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1970s, museums have come to re-envision their social purpose, and the ways in which they can and should serve their various stakeholders. Following this, museums have come to associate themselves with the realization of minority rights, articulated in the principles of the new museology and developed alongside civil rights movements drawing attention to the historic violations of Indigenous rights within these institutions. As a result, "self-determination" has entered discourses of museum practice, changing the ways in which museums perceive their responsibilities toward Indigenous collections; motivating new conversations with Indigenous people; and relating these interactions to notions of human rights, social justice, and equality. The notion of "self-determination," however, contains significant internal contradictions, basing groups' rights to maintain their social and cultural differences and the autonomy to do so on arguments of inherent universal equalities. In turn, these same arguments of equality, coupled with concerns for the unity of the nation, require communities' full inclusion within the life of the nation, without distinction or discrimination. The effect of power imbalances between majority and minority perspectives, then, is frequently to challenge the realization of Indigenous self-determination by pushing for people's greater participation in pre-existing social, economic, and political structures, assuming their assimilation into dominant frameworks rather than protecting their differences. Theories of interculturality, which address the ways in which identities are constantly (re)negotiated through interactions with others, offer a more dynamic view of the mutual impact of such engagements, suggesting that inclusion of Indigenous minorities within mainstream structures need not require their assimilation. Attention to such intercultural exchange, however, also reveals the ways in which structures of power are reproduced within these engagements, as national interests gain a stake in the expression and representation of Indigenous identities and cultures. Recognizing the substantial external influence exerted here in the construction of "authentic" Indigenous identities thereby further calls into question the ability of Indigenous people to relate to others based upon their own representations of self. This thesis furthers these discussions of Indigenous rights and intercultural relationships by interrogating intended meanings and assumed outcomes in such social goals as "self-determination," "inclusion," and "protection of diversity," with a particular focus on Australia and Aboriginal Australians. In doing so, I consider the work of self-determination as enacted by individuals within four Australian cultural institutions, questioning the context inspiring their particular pursuit of self-determination and the nature of relationships that develop in response. Considering these institutions individually and comparatively and building upon histories of Aboriginal policies and Australian museums, I argue that "self-determination" in Australia should not be interpreted as a discrete period of Aboriginal policy but as part of an evolving and enduring process to address the presence of Aboriginal difference while maintaining national unity. Despite the declaration of its end as a policy approach, "self-determination" continues to gain its greatest meaning and content from the quality of intercultural relationships it inspires, and the extent to which emerging dialogues allow for recognition of and negotiation between both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identities.
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Briggs, Justin. "Australian Citizenship: a genealogy tracing the descent of discourse 1946 - 2007." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/882.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a genealogy which traces changes to the discourse of Australian citizenship. These changes were traced in the Australia Day (i.e., January 26) and January 27 editions of The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) and The Sun Herald (SH) from 1946 – 2007. The dissertation used Foucault’s (1980; 1991a; 1991d; 1991e; 1998; 2002a; 2006b) genealogy supplemented with his archaeological method to provide an analysis of the discourse of Australian citizenship. The analysis was conducted by creating an archive of newspaper texts that related to Australian citizenship discourse. This archive represents the body of knowledge about citizenship as published in the specified print media and reflects the systems of thought that circulated the discourse at particular points in time. The archived newspaper texts related to Australian citizenship discourse contain traces of the social, political, cultural and economic beliefs and values of Australian citizens. The analysed texts were found in headlines, reports, editorials, opinion pieces, annotated photographs and letters to the editor that made-up the day-to-day history of the Australia Day editions. The texts that were produced in this narration in the SMH have provided data in the form of specific language use that defines the discourse of citizenship over the 62 year period. The language of these texts as reported in the print media represents the understandings of citizenship at particular times and also the discursive responses to contingent factors conditioning citizenship discourse including globalisation, localisation and neo-liberalism. The research links with Foucault’s (1980; 1991a; 1991d; 1991e; 1998; 2002a; 2006b) findings that the analysis of discourse is fundamental for understanding the nature of reality. This reality reported in this dissertation indicates a discourse that has changed and transformed over the analysed period of time. The discourse of citizenship has developed through the flow of rules and regulations that prohibit and permit what can and cannot be said, thought or spoken about citizenship at particular points in time. This form of normative thought, action and speech is culturally constructed and has been traced in the discourse through a mapping of specific language use related to understandings of citizenship. These types of knowledge constructions are artefacts of culture and reinforce existing power relations. This study has attempted to unmask these relations of power to question the rationality of the practices and experiences of Australian citizenship. The genealogical method allows for the distillation of citizenship discourse as a history of social and political truths as seen in the print media from 1946 – 2007. The genealogy of Australian citizenship presented in this dissertation lays bare the characteristic forms of power/knowledge manifested in the discourse over the post-World War Two period of Australian history to show systems of thought pertaining to citizenship. By doing so it shows that current citizenship practices are not the result of historical inevitabilities but rather the result of the interplay of contingencies. By emphasising citizenship in this way the thesis offers insights into how it can be refashioned to offer greater individual freedom through an understanding of the games of truth that are played throughout all levels of society. The manifestation of power/knowledge in the discourse is further evidence that citizens exist in relations of power. These manifestations produced five distinct thematic discursivities. I labelled them as, ‘The silencing of Aboriginal concerns 1946 – 1969, Authorised voices question the acceptance of poverty and racism 1969 – 1980, Relations of power between Aboriginal Australians and whites 1981 – 1988, Relations of power between Asian immigrants and whites 1989 – 1996, The struggle of cultural dominations 1997 – 2007’. In particular, a discontinuity was identified during the period Relations of power between Aboriginal Australians and whites 1981 – 1988. From this time in the discourse Indigenous Australians were permitted to criticise their treatment by whites. Subsequently this permission has become embedded in systems of thought. This thesis gives details of the products of the genealogical method related to the discourse of citizenship. It pinpoints the moments when individuals and social, cultural, economic and political groups played roles in the production, reproduction and transmission of truth from 1946 - 2007. Based on the products of the research it creates recommendations for minimising the potential dominations of social and political truths. It also suggests ways to re-think Australian citizenship to afford greater freedoms for individual thought, speech and action.
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Devitt, Rebecca. "'Sweat and tears' : stolen generations activism and the National Inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149903.
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Cooper, David Edward. "An unequal coexistence: From 'station blacks' to 'Aboriginal custodians' in the Victoria River District of Northern Australia." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9513.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis addresses the broader theme of coexistence between black and white
Australians through an extended case study of the mediation of overlapping Aboriginal
‘heritage’ interests in land with the interests of non-Indigenous landowners and land managers in the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory (the ‘VRD’). The thesis shows that while an historical perspective reveals marked changes in many of the outward manifestations of intercultural relations (for example, changes in white categorisations of Aboriginal people from ‘station blacks’ to ‘Aboriginal custodians’, and
changes in the conduct of relations from violent to non-violent behaviours), the overall tenor of relations has changed little. The VRD community remains ‘racially’ segregated, characterised by separate cultural domains, poor intercultural communication and entrenched Aboriginal marginality and socio-economic disadvantage. The thesis shows how recognition of Aboriginal heritage interests in land is largely determined by the parameters of this pattern of relations, which are analysed in the thesis through the themes of power, cultural difference and strategic action. The thesis also examines the Western paradigm of heritage, from its conceptual origins to the structures and processes which have subsequently been developed in Indigenous heritage policy, including heritage protection legislation and processes of consultation. The integration
of heritage protection with development approvals processes has created many
difficulties for Aboriginal communities in the VRD, whose heritage interests are often
placed in opposition to the economic interests of the wider Australian community. The thesis endorses a coexistence approach to mediating Indigenous heritage interests
with the interests and needs of non-Indigenous land owners and land managers. This must include effective statutory protection of Indigenous heritage interests together with mechanisms and resources to promote and negotiate voluntary agreements
between Indigenous and non-Indigenous stakeholders.
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Strelein, Lisa Mary. "Indigenous self-determination claims and the common law in Australia." Phd thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109314.
Full textAbstract:
With the decision in Mabo v Queensland [No. 2] in 1992, the courts cemented their
role in the self-determination strategies of Indigenous peoples in Australia. More
than merely recognising a form of title to traditional lands, the tenor of the
judgements in Mabo's case respected Indigenous peoples and offered the protection
of the common law. However, the expectations of many Indigenous people for
change have not since been met. This thesis examines the usefulness of the courts
and the common law in particular for the self-determination claims of Indigenous
peoples. I examine the theoretical and institutional limitations on the courts that have
resulted in a doctrinal history which has generally excluded Indigenous peoples. I
also analyse the potential for the common law to accommodate self-determination
claims. I argue that the courts require familiar concepts upon which to base their
decisions. I identify the notion of equality of peoples as a proper foundation for the
courts to structure the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state.
Equality of peoples has roots in the fundamental principles of the common law and
maintains the integrity of Indigenous peoples’ claims.
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Jenkins, Stephen (Stephen William). "Australia's Commonwealth Self-determination Policy 1972-1998 : the imagined nation and the continuing control of indigenous existence / Stephen Jenkins." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21932.
Full textAbstract:
"September 2002."Includes bibliographical references (leaves 336-366)
vii, 366 leaves ; 30 cm.
Argues that the Australian nation is the primary obstacle to the granting of self-determination to indigenous people because it is imagined and constituted as a monocultural entity, one that resists any divisions within the national space on the basis of culture or 'race'.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Politics, 2002
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Jenkins, Stephen (Stephen William). "Australia's Commonwealth Self-determination Policy 1972-1998 : the imagined nation and the continuing control of indigenous existence." 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj522.pdf.
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"September 2002." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 336-366) Argues that the Australian nation is the primary obstacle to the granting of self-determination to indigenous people because it is imagined and constituted as a monocultural entity, one that resists any divisions within the national space on the basis of culture or 'race'.
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Preston, Judith A. "Bloody but unbowed : how international and national legal norms and frameworks can improve recognition and inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge in Australian environmental decision-making." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:56825.
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The Earth’s natural and cultural resources are disappearing at an unrelenting pace, adversely affecting both human and non-human species. Solutions to these challenges derived from legal framework requires a shift towards creative and interdisciplinary approaches. Increased reference to knowledges held and protected by Indigenous custodians and inclusion of their input into decision-making particularly related to natural resource protection and development, form part of this shift. Legal frameworks globally, have begun to include references to Indigenous knowledges (IK) as important knowledge sources included in national constitutions as well as environmental and cultural heritage protection laws. In Australia, Indigenous knowledges have been referenced as important sources of knowledge in laws at national, state and local levels. Custodians of IK may be consulted in the decision-making process particularly in environmental matters; however, it is generally subject to the discretion of the decision-makers.
This thesis considers IK in the context of the relationship, rights and needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges custodians as determined by them. A key starting point is to consider whether these knowledges, and its custodians, are respected and consulted effectively. Consideration would also be given as to whether their voices are heard within Australian environmental law and governance frameworks in accordance with international law and policy, which incorporates Indigenous self-determination. This requires enabling laws and institutions to address the dispossession and disempowerment suffered by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities by colonial powers and the impediments of both past and current governance. The thesis cannot address and make an in-depth analysis into all these complex issues simultaneously. It does not attempt to know, or articulate, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges in the vastly different nations, cultures and ecosystems throughout Australia. This is sui generis to Indigenous peoples and their Country. Direct Indigenous voices and institutions should determine whether IK can be revealed and applied in the wider context of EDM. However, this thesis can delve further into these issues to provide a base of knowledge for the reader to begin comprehending the complexity and importance of IK and its place in the Australian legal framework to improve EDM. Focus is placed on the value and recognition of IK within the legal system and processes for empowering the holders of IK to be a powerful and effective voice within EDM. The proposed approaches can only facilitate improved environmental governance. Achieving the integration and implementation of IK in EDM requires wider legal, political, economic and social change towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander self-determination.
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Reser, Raymond Patrick. "Trade, change and dangerous places : archaeologic investigations within Victoria River Gorge, Gregory National Park Northern Territory Australia." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149703.
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Trauernicht, PC. "The fire ecology of Callitris intratropica : tracing the legacy of Aboriginal fire management to inform contemporary responses to a conservation crisis on the Arnhem Plateau, northern Australia." Thesis, 2013. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17164/3/whole-Trauernicht-Thesis-2013.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The decline of Northern Cypress Pine (Callitris intratropica) throughout the tropical savannas of northern Australia has become an iconic example of the ecosystem-wide effects of destructive fire regimes. The persistence of C. intratropica, a conspicuous, long-lived, obligate-seeding conifer with limited fire-tolerance, in one of the world’s most fire-prone ecosystems is ecologically puzzling. An appealing hypothesis is that habitat mosaics created by Aboriginal burning maintained enough long unburnt patches throughout the landscape for fire-sensitive plant species like C. intratropica to successfully recruit. However, widespread depopulation of Aboriginal lands within the past century across much of northern Australia has resulted in the shift from small-scale patch burning to landscape-scale wildfires. On the Arnhem Plateau, this change in fire pattern is widely blamed for current declines in C. intratropica as well as other species, notably native mammals and granivorous birds, which were able to persist for more than 50,000 years of continuous Aboriginal occupation. Within the last several years, in an attempt to simulate Aboriginal fire regimes, contemporary managers across much of the Arnhem Plateau have implemented programs consisting of frequent burning, largely from helicopters, in the early dry season when higher fuel moisture and cooler temperatures result in smaller, patchier fires. However, continued and dramatic species declines, especially in the World Heritage listed Kakadu National Park, urgently signals the need for some means by which to better direct and monitor current strategies. If, as the above hypothesis implies, the presence of C. intratropica in Australian savannas is a relict of past fire regimes, then maintaining the species in the landscape may provide a powerful benchmark for evaluating contemporary management and conservation efforts. Therefore, this research examines the utility of C. intratropica as a proactive indicator both of ecologically beneficial fire regimes and critical habitat for other fire-sensitive species by addressing four key components:
1) Exploring the role of human management in driving habitat heterogeneity in flammable ecosystems worldwide using fire simulations and the spatial scale of C. intratropica grove occurrence as a case study
2) Patch-level assessment of the interaction between C. intratropica groves and savanna fires and its implication for vegetation heterogeneity and diversity
3) Population modelling of C. intratropica to understand the role of patch dynamics in driving population stability under prevailing and hypothetical fire regimes
4) Landscape-scale survey of C. intratropica grove condition to examine patterns of habitat heterogeneity and plant diversity across differing management regimes in Kakadu National Park (KNP) and central Arnhem Land (CAL)
The results demonstrated that under low-intensity fire regimes, fire exclusion by C. intratropica groves effectively creates small-scale fire refugia, which have implications for both the persistence of C. intratropica populations as well as increasing the heterogeneity, diversity, and structural complexity of savanna vegetation. Disturbance and population models further implicated human intervention – specifically via the reduction of high intensity fires – in maintaining conditions that favour the establishment and persistence of C. intratropica, despite high fire frequencies in this savanna. Better overall C. intratropica grove condition in CAL provided evidence that continued Aboriginal fire management – and possibly the presence of feral water buffalo – supports greater savanna heterogeneity and diversity than in neighboring KNP.
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Gilfillan, Anna. "Institutional changes and challenges associated with Australia's Indigenous Protected Area Program." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147915.
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Jones, Edgar Albert. "Consistency in choice and form of main entry, 1982 and 1989 a comparison of Library of Congress monograph cataloging with that of the British Library and the national libraries of Australia and Canada /." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=CslAAAAAMAAJ.
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Saunders, Jane E. "Between surfaces a psychodynamic approach to cultural identity, cultural difference and reconciliation in Australia /." 2006. http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/public/adt-VVUT20071129.092250/index.html.
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Saunders, Jane E. "Between surfaces: a psychodynamic approach to cultural identity, cultural difference and reconciliation in Australia." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1452/.
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The impetus for this enquiry came from two experiences with an Aboriginal Other, which prompted the initial research questions: “Why does the existence of an Aboriginal Other threaten a white sense of belonging?” and; “What are the mechanisms and purposes of aggression towards, or exclusion of, that which represents otherness in the Australian context?” In the introductory chapters, the author’s experiences at Lake Mungo and Legend Rock are presented as case studies to illustrate Wittgenstein’s (1953/1968) concept of the ways that subject positions are constructed through language games and hegemonic discourses. Psychodynamic theories of identity formation have been applied to the analysis of these cases to argue that the unconscious construction of Australia as a good, white and Christian nation has acted to overwrite Aboriginal perspectives and to position Aboriginal people at the margins of society. In Chapter One the case of Lake Mungo was presented to illustrate the ways that language games function as cultural frames, through which all experience is filtered. As well, Buhler’s (1934/1990) conception of the deictic and symbolic fields, and the role of the proper noun in allowing or disallowing individuals to occupy a position in the symbolic order as subjective agents was discussed. Here, a relationship between cultural framing and the construction of hegemonic discourses which act to position all that is Other outside positions of enunciation was posited. This was followed by a brief exploration of the concept that the lives of Aboriginal people are organized according to an ontological position that differs in fundamental ways from the world view of the white mainstream. Specifically, it was argued that the social realities of Aboriginal people are embedded within their relation to land and the kinship obligations associated with belonging to a particular community in a particular place. A series of hypothetical indices of difference, based on Margaret Bain’s (1992) research into a semi-remote Aboriginal community at Finke, in Central Australia, was presented. The centrality of whiteness as an organizing principle in Australia was illustrated by Barton’s (1901) “A White Australia” speech, made at the time of Federation. In the ensuing investigation of the way that the dominant culture has constructed an ideal image of the typical Australian, it was suggested that white Australians identify with a mythical Good Australia though white discourses of enlightened nation building and Empire, in which Aboriginal culture has been “mapped and managed” into a museum context and Aboriginal people have been rendered as “metonymically frozen into an extinct past” (Hemming, 2003, pp. 1-3). In Chapter Two, a case study approach, based on Freud’s model of analysis as an archaeology of the present, was used to explore the mechanisms behind the occlusion of Aboriginality as a presence in the case of Legend Rock. The Freudian (1919) concept of the uncanny was critical to the investigation of the particular anxieties around belonging that are evoked for white Australians when confronted with the unfamiliar Aboriginal presence in familiar spaces. In this section of the thesis, Gelder and Jacob’s (1999) characterization of the overturning of the legal fiction of terra nullius after Mabo as the return of the repressed was discussed. In Chapter Three, the rationale for using a case study approach to address the guiding hypothesis and the propositions to be investigated in the current study are outlined. Chapter Four introduces Lacan’s (1949/2002) conceptualization of the mirror stage, during which identifications are formed and the ego, or “I” is first recognized, as well as Klein’s (1937/1964) theory of primitive defence mechanisms. The ideas of these clinicians were used to explore the function of the Other in both normal development and in pathological states. This literature was then applied to an investigation of the process of othering as it has manifested in the Australian context in more general terms. Rutherford’s (2000) thesis: that an Australian ego-ideal has been based on the identification with a mythical being-without-lack, provided a starting point for analysis of the ways that white Australia has constructed a veil around cultural difference in order to defend against acknowledging the fact that Aboriginal peoples have been profoundly damaged by the practices and processes of colonization, and that these practices and processes continue to damage current generations of Aboriginal people. In Chapter Five, it was argued that, after Mabo, white Australians have had no choice but to adopt one of two defensive positions with respect to Aboriginal Australia. Following Money-Kyrle’s (1951) reading of Klein, these positions were nominated as being characterized by either persecutory or depressive guilt. The rejection of the Aboriginal story of Legend Rock was posited as representing the persecutory position, which was discussed in terms of the phenomenon of the rise of Pauline Hanson and One Nation. It was argued that the denial of Aboriginal rights, and attacks on Aboriginal people as the recipients of special treatment, could be explained as representing the manic defence of a large minority of the white mainstream in response to perceived threats to identifications with the Good Australia evoked by the recognition of Native Title. As Klein has explained, the manic defence is driven by anxiety and functions through the primitive psychological process of splitting, whereby internalized good (ego syntonic) objects are retained and internalized bad (ego dystonic) objects are projected onto the scapegoated Other. In the case of One Nation, Aboriginal people were represented as “greedy” people who wanted to take away “our backyards”. By contrast, it was argued that many white Australians had adopted the more difficult depressive position, which was best exemplified by Paul Keating’s (1993) Redfern Park Speech. The processes of splitting and projection that characterize the persecutory position enable us to repress the knowledge that we have inflicted harm, and thereby escape feelings of guilt. Depressive guilt, on the other hand, is associated with the painful awareness that harm has been done and a desire to make reparation to the damaged psychic object. This desire was manifest in the emergence of grass roots movements, such as Australians for Reconciliation, comprised mainly of white Australians, who organized their own responses to the stance taken by Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Party. Australians who wished to amend past wrongs were frustrated by the inertia of the Wik debate, the failed referendum for a republic, the Treaty debate, and the dismantling of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra. Ordinary citizens walked over bridges and contributed to the Sea of Hands in their tens of thousands to show their solidarity with Aboriginal people. The “Sorry” books were in answer to the Howard administration’s steadfast refusal to make an apology and offer compensation to the Stolen Generations, as had been recommended by Wilson and Dodson’s (1997) Bringing them Home Report. Chapter Six outlined the epistemological and methodological framework within which the research was conducted. In this section, the ethics of conducting research with indigenous communities has been presented, and the reasons for adopting a critical approach to psychological research are explained. The primary data from the interviews was presented in Chapters Seven, Eight and Nine. Data was organized into sections according to the main themes that were raised by the indigenous participants, accompanied by relevant commentary from the non-indigenous contributors. The analysis of the emergent themes has been presented alongside the data within each section. In Chapter Seven, the guiding hypothesis that Bain’s (1992) indices of difference would be salient for a cohort of Aboriginal people living in urban and regional environments was partially supported. The Aboriginal participants’ subjective experience of their Aboriginal identity was explored In Chapter Eight. In Chapter Nine, Lacan’s concept that the unconscious is structured like a language, together with his emphasis on the role of metaphor in creating the illusion of fixed meanings, was used to investigate how Aboriginal narratives of identity have been influenced by representations of Aboriginality in both mainstream and indigenous communities. In Chapter Ten, a summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations has been presented.
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Ligtermoet, Emma. "People, place and practice on the margins in a changing climate: Sustaining freshwater customary harvesting in coastal floodplain country of the Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory of Australia." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/164233.
Full textAbstract:
Human-environment interactions will be profoundly affected by
anthropogenic climate change. Coastal communities, dependent on
freshwater ecosystems for their livelihoods and cultural
practices, are likely to be seriously impacted by rising sea
level. For communities already subject to marginalising forces of
remoteness, poverty or the legacies of colonisation, climate
change impacts will likely compound existing stressors. The
freshwater floodplains of the Alligator Rivers Region in the
Northern Territory, spanning Kakadu National Park and part of
West Arnhem Land, represent such a place. This area is at risk
from sea level rise, particularly saltwater intrusion, while also
home to Aboriginal Australians continuing to practice customary
or subsistence harvesting based on freshwater resources.
In seeking to support sustainable adaptation to climate change in
this context, this thesis examines Indigenous people’s
experiences, in living memory, of responding to past and
persisting social-ecological change. A place-based, contextual
framing approach was used to examine vulnerability and adaptive
capacity. Through semi-structured interviews, trips on country,
cultural resource mapping and archival work, contemporary
patterns of freshwater resource use and Aboriginal people’s
perceptions of changes to their freshwater hunting, fishing and
gathering activities (collectively termed ‘harvesting’) were
examined. Qualitative models were used to conceptualise factors
influencing an individual’s ability to engage in freshwater
customary harvesting and the determinants shaping adaptive
capacity for customary harvesting.
The social-ecological drivers of change in freshwater harvesting
practices raised by respondents included: existing threats from
introduced animals and plants, altered floodplain fire regimes
and the ‘bust then boom’ in saltwater crocodile population
following recovery from commercial hunting. These all had
implications for sustaining customary harvesting practices
including restricting access and the transmission of knowledge.
Impacts driven by the introduced cane toad, invasive para grass
and saltwater crocodile population change, represent examples of
solastalgia, particularly for women’s harvesting practices. In
addition to environmental conditions, determinants of adaptive
capacity of customary harvesting included; mobility on country-
particularly supported through on country livelihoods and
outstations, social networks facilitating access and knowledge
sharing, health and well-being and inter-generational knowledge
transmission. Past experience of saltwater intrusion facilitated
by feral water buffalo in Kakadu was examined through the lens of
social learning, as a historical analogue for future sea level
rise. These experiences were shown to influence contemporary
perceptions of risk and adaptive preferences for future sea level
rise. Customary harvesting was also found to offer unique
opportunities to improve remote Indigenous development outcomes
across diverse sectors.
To build adaptive capacity supporting freshwater customary
harvesting practices in this context it will be essential to;
understand historical trajectories of social-ecological change,
recognise the potential for diversity within groups- including a
gendered analysis of adaptive capacity, address existing
social-ecological stressors and foster knowledge collaborations
for supporting knowledge transmission, the co-production of
knowledge and sustaining social networks. Facilitating a social
learning environment will be particularly crucial in supporting
local autonomy, leadership and experimental learning, and is
particularly beneficial in jointly managed protected area
contexts. Most importantly, incorporating local Indigenous
knowledge, values, perceptions of change and risk into
locally-developed adaptation strategies will be essential in
developing more culturally relevant and thus sustainable,
adaptation pathways.