Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nation – Belize

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nation – Belize'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Nation – Belize"

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Ramsey, Nicole. "Marketing Culture and the Belizean Nation: Blackness, Indigeneity, and Multicultural Performance." Callaloo 41, no. 5 (2018): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2018.a927541.

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Abstract: This article examines how the Belizean nation and national belonging are constructed in the representational politics of Belizean Belikin Beer campaign advertisements. In 2012, Belikin Beer released a series of commercials showcasing the “culture of Belize,” while addressing themes related to Belizean national identity, labor, heritage, and commemoration. Contrary to national constructions of Belize as a multicultural and plural society, the Belizean identity performed in Belikin’s campaign located Belize within an ambiguous regional geography, portraying it as a unique site within Central America and the broader Circum-Caribbean that provides the space for the reconciliation of diasporic and transnational Black and Indigenous identities. Belize provides a complex framework for the examination of Central American Caribbean identities and the utilization of Blackness and Indigeneity by the tourism industry. In tourism industry-driven cultural projects, competing ideals of Belizean identity, Belizean Blackness(es) and Indigeneities are heightened in new media and cultural productions that draw on the peculiarities of Belizean ethnic relations and ideology of national identity.
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Anderson, Thomas P., and O. Nigel Bollandd. "Belize: A New Nation in Central America." American Historical Review 92, no. 1 (February 1987): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1862984.

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Clegern, Wayne, and O. Nigel Bolland. "Belize: A New Nation in Central America." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 1 (February 1987): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515235.

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A Pitts, Candice. "Belize — A Nation (Still) in the Making." Wasafiri 31, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2016.1182346.

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Clegern, Wayne. "Belize: A New Nation in Central America." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-67.1.175.

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Ricketts, Shannon. "Belmopan: a New Capital for a New Country." Brasilis, no. 43 (2010): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.a.smv82dgu.

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As the British colony of British Honduras prepared for independence, it adopted two important symbols of its emerging identity; the name of Belize was chosen for the new country and a new capital was planned from which this emerging nation would be governed. That new capital was called Belmopan and was to be established inland from the old coastal capital of Belize City. Designed by the British planning and architectural firm of Norman and Dawbarn, this new city followed in the tradition of British Garden City planning, making discrete references to the Mayan heritage of the region, while using the modernist architectural vocabulary typical of so much of the infrastructural development taking place at this time in various nations emerging from colonial status.
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Pisani, Michael J., and Jana S. Pisani. "The economic returns to language in Belize: evidence from the 2000 census." Economía y Administración (E&A) 15, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/eya.v15i2.17194.

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English is the official language of Belize used in the conduct of official government business and as the standard in public education. However, English is not the primary language spoken in Belizean households nor in the conduct of local business transactions. Belize is a polyglot nation inclusive of European-based languages, native languages, and creole languages. In this paper, we demonstrate the economic returns to language acquisition and usage in Belize using census 2000 data. Our results indicate that Belize primarily rewards the ability to communicate in English and Spanish. Other language skills are also important, such as the ability to speak German, to speak Maya and English or Spanish, and the ability to speak in combination Creole-Spanish-English. There is a severe wage penalty associated with the speaking of Maya and Garifuna. Other non-language endogenous and exogenous variables are also explored.
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Hoffmann, Odile. "Políticas Territoriales Y Exclusiones Étnicas En Belice: Un Siglo De Transformaciones En Tierras Maya." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v9i3.17965.

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Resumen:El artículo analiza las formas en que las políticas territoriales coloniales ignoraron o tomaron en cuenta la presencia de los grupos maya de Belice, territorio disputado entre los imperios españoles y británicos durante varios siglos, colonia británcia desde 1862 y país independiente desde 1981. Buscamos entender cómo se forjan territorialidades diferenciadas en la articulación entre la construcción de un territorio-nación (primero colonia británica, luego nación independiente) y las formas de apropiación del espacio por parte de los grupos étnicos que lo habitan. Para esto, proponemos un análisis diacrónico, con base en una reconstrucción de los relatos territoriales en el caso de los maya de Belice.Palabras claves: Políticas agrarias, erritorio étnico, territorialidad, multiculturalsimo ***Abstract:Territorial policies and ethnic exclusion in Belize : a century of tranformations in maya land The article analyzes the ways in which colonial land policies ignored or took into account the presence of Mayan groups in Belize, a territory disputed between the Spanish and British empires for centuries, british colony since 1862 and independent country since 1981. We seek to understand how different territorialities are being forged in the articulation between the construction of a territory-nation (former British colony, then an independent nation), and the forms of spatial appropriation by the ethnic groups who inhabit it. For this, we propose a diachronic analysis, with the reconstruction of the territorial narratives in the case of the Maya of Belize.Keywords: Land policy, ethnic territories, territoriality, multiculturalism. ***Resumo:O artigo analisa as formas que as políticas territoriais coloniais ignoraram ou tomaram em conta a presença dos grupos maia de Belize, território disputado entre os impérios espanhóis e britânicos durante vários séculos, colônia britânica desde 1862 e país independente desde 1981. Buscamos entender como se forjam territorialidades diferenciadas na articulação entre a construção de un território-nação (primeiro colônia britânica, depois nação independente) e as formas de apropriação do espaço por parte dos grupos étnicos que o habita. Para isto, propomos uma análise diacrónica, com base em uma reconstrução dos relatos territoriais no caso dos maias de Belize.Palavras chaves: Políticas agrárias, território étnico, territorialidade, multiculturalismo
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Scarborough, Vernon L., and Fred Valdez. "An Alternative Order: The Dualistic Economies of the Ancient Maya." Latin American Antiquity 20, no. 1 (March 2009): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500002583.

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AbstractHarkening back to the debates associated with “dualistic economies” in addressing emerging nation states, we examine aspects of the ancient economy of the lowland Maya. Resource-specialized communities were knit together in a network of interdependencies that allowed high degrees of self-sustaining separation from the large monumental centers about which we know most. The social and biophysical environs of the ancient Maya permitted multiple economic spheres that influenced their political organization and affected their lack of developed hegemonic controls. Evidence is presented from the present-day ecological set aside of the Programme for Belize in northwestern Belize.
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Parks, Shoshaunna. "Winning Title to Land but Not to Its Past: The Toledo Maya and Sites of pre-Hispanic Heritage." International Journal of Cultural Property 18, no. 1 (February 2011): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739111000063.

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AbstractThe struggle for indigenous rights to pre-Hispanic cultural heritage parallels the struggle for indigenous land rights in Belize. By Belizean law, material objects and sites of activity older than 100 years in age are the property of the state. Similarly, land inhabited by indigenous communities in southern Belize is held in trust by the government. In 2007 the community of Santa Cruz in southern Belize won customary land tenure over their lands for the first time from the Belizean government. This change in land ownership presents new challenges to the definition of ownership of ancient places in Maya territory. In particular, the transfer of land rights to the community has potential implications for the ownership and management of the local pre-Hispanic site of Uxbenká that may ultimately serve as a paradigm for the future relationship between Maya peoples and ancestral remains throughout the nation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nation – Belize"

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Trumbach, Monica. "Rethinking the female body, gender and nation in Zee Edgell's Belize." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59253.pdf.

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Ramirez, Romero Aïda. "Héritage colonial et construction de l'école nationale : Discours, normes et pratiques de socialisations à une nation plurielle. Le cas du Belize." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2023.

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Dans ce travail, « nation » et « diversité » sont pensées et questionnées ensemble, depuis le champ de l'éducation. Cette thèse apporte des éléments qui expliquent comment se construisent et se naturalisent les formes d'identification à une catégorie nationale. Les réflexions visent à décentrer l'idée qu'une nation est « une et homogène » et à questionner la place que les différences culturelles occupent, en termes d'inclusion et d'exclusion, dans les discours sur la nation. Ici, le concept de « nation », composant du modèle politique de l'État-nation, est compris comme une construction politique et sociale. Il est question du Belize (historiquement colonisé par la Grande-Bretagne et indépendant depuis 1981) qui, comme de nombreuses « nouvelles » nations après les décolonisations, a été légitimée par un pouvoir mondial et a été définie, délimitée et « manufacturée » depuis « le haut » par un État. L'éducation est un outil largement investi par les États pour diffuser des représentations et des symboles qui contribuent à la construction d'identifications nationales. Les écoles sont aussi des espaces de socialisations multiples où les individus se socialisent et construisent des identifications selon des catégories sociales. Cette recherche examine les manières dans lesquelles les acteurs du système éducatif (institutions et espaces scolaires) mobilisent et transforment, dans les récits historiques (textes, paroles, images, etc.), des catégories raciales et ethniques qui participent, dans les écoles, aux processus d'incorporation et d'identification à la nation. Pour appréhender la complexité des processus de « nationalisations » des écoliers, cette recherche combine trois axes d'analyses : l'histoire sociale de l'institutionnalisation de l'école coloniale ; une sociologie des acteurs d'institutions éducatives chargés d'écrire l'histoire nationale ; une ethnographie des pratiques éducatives dans des écoles primaires. Ainsi, ce travail considère les dimensions historiques, institutionnelles, idéologiques et sociales qui participent à la socialisation des acteurs qui font l'école. Depuis des perspectives locales et globales, les analyses montrent que le développement de l'éducation coloniale a contribué à façonner des identités raciales et ethniques propres au Belize, qui se réarticulent, aujourd'hui, à l'école nationale. La thèse met en lumière les liens entre les institutions de l'État (ministère de l'Éducation, université) avec une organisation ethnique et avec les écoles primaires, dans l'élaboration et l'implantation de programmes éducatifs. Elle rend compte de reproductions, de transformations et d'appropriations ethnopolitiques de l'histoire coloniale qui font évoluer, non seulement, les discours historiques sur la nation, mais qui éclairent aussi la diversité des significations que les acteurs construisent sur les différences. Enfin, les voix des écoliers nuancent et questionnent les discours schématiques et stéréotypés des institutions. Le poids de l'histoire est conséquent, néanmoins, les expressions des enfants recueillies dans le cadre de cette étude montrent à quel point les imaginaires nationaux sont fluides et pluriels, les élèves s'approprient et réinterprètent les discours, en faisant preuve qu'il n'existe pas « une nation », mais bien une multiplicité de perceptions et de vécus qui donnent du sens à des identifications qualifiées de nationales
In this work, “nation” and “diversity” are thought and questioned together from the Education field. This dissertation brings elements that explain how identifications to a national category are constructed and naturalized. The reflections aim to decenter the idea that a nation is “one and homogenous” and to question the place that cultural differences occupy, in terms of inclusion and exclusion, in the discourses about the nation. Here, the concept of nation, as part of the Nation-state political model, is understood as a political and social construction. It is about Belize, historically colonized by Great Britain and independent from 1981, that like many other “new” nations after decolonization, were legitimized by an international power and was defined, demarcated, and “manufactured” from a State. The Education is a tool largely invested by States to diffuse representations and symbols that contribute to constructions of national identifications. The schools are also spaces where children socialize daily and construct identifications according to social categories. This research studies the ways in which actors of the educative system (institutions and schools) mobilize and transform, in historical accounts (texts, speeches, images, etc.) racial and ethnic categories which participate, in the schools, to the process of national incorporation and identification. In order to understand the complexity of the process of “nationalization” of students, this study combines three analytical approaches: the social history of the institutionalization of the colonial education; a sociology of actors in educational institutions responsible to write the national history; an ethnography of educational practices in primary schools. In this way, this work considers the historical, institutional, ideological, and social dimensions that contribute to build national socializations in schools. From local and global perspectives, the analyses show that the development of the colonial education participated to shape racial and ethnic identities specific to Belize that are rearticulated today in the national school. The dissertation enlightens the links between governmental institutions (ministry of Education, University) with an ethnic organization and primary schools, in the elaboration and implementation of educational programs or projects. It reports on reproductions, transformations and ethnopolitical appropriations of the colonial history that make evolved, not only the historical stories of the nation, but also shows the diversity of significations that actors construct about differences. Finally, the voices of the children nuance and question the schematical and stereotypical discourses of the institutions. The weight of history is significant, however, the student expressions collected in this study, show how far the national imaginaries are smooth and plural, the pupils appropriate and reinterpret the discourses, proving that there is no “one nation”, but a multiplicity of perceptions and backgrounds that give meanings to identifications qualified as nationals
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Cunin, Elisabeth. "Administrer les étrangers: race, métissage, nation. Migrations afrobéliziennes Migrations afrobéliziennes dans le Territoire de Quintana Roo, 1902-1940." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053972.

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Le Territoire de Quintana Roo, au sud-est du Mexique, à la frontière avec le Belize, naît en 1902. Confrontées à une population très peu nombreuse, les autorités locales et nationales mettent en œuvre des mesures pour attirer de nouveaux habitants. Et pour les définir. Dans cette région périphérique, le peuplement constitue un enjeu stratégique d'affirmation de la souveraineté et de l'identité nationales. Il manifeste l'affirmation d'un biopouvoir - et de ses limites - amenant à imposer les caractéristiques raciales et nationales de la population. Cette recherche mène une sociologie historique portant à la fois sur la racialisation des politiques migratoires, l'instauration de mesures d'intégration et de développement de la région (expéditions scientifiques, accès aux terres, type d'exploitation foncière) et les négociations entre administrations du centre (Mexico) et de la périphérie (Payo Obispo - Chetumal). En s'intéressant à l'émergence d'une nouvelle entité politico-administrative à la marge de la nation et en inscrivant le Mexique au sein des sociétés post-esclavagistes marquées par les migrations de travailleurs afrodescendants, il s'agit ainsi d'introduire une altérité autre qu'indienne dans les réflexions sur la nation, le métissage et la race, à partir du cas de l'étranger noir. Ce manuscrit revient sur les logiques d'inclusion et d'exclusion propres aux politiques de métissage dans le Mexique post-révolutionnaire, en proposant un double décalage : étudier la place des populations noires plus que celle des indiens ; se centrer sur l'immigration plus que sur l'autochtonie.
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Lewis, Gilda. "A National Approach to Touch Keyboarding Instruction on Computers in Primary Schools in Belize." NSUWorks, 1998. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/669.

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As a result of this study, it was possible to make suggestions for informed pedagogical decisions, regarding the manner in which learning should be structured for a national approach to touch keyboarding instruction on computers at the primary school level in Belize. The population consists of 1,757 Standard 2 students in the 68 primary schools in the Belize District. The design was a posttest-only control group design with random assignment of subjects to four sub-groups, and random assignment to two types of treatment at counter-balanced times and days. A cluster sample of 29 students in an intact class, divided into four sub-groups, was drawn from a typical, co-educational, inner-city primary school in Belize City. Two sub-groups -- the experimental group –used the Herzog System of Keyboarding, i.e., Herzog Fast-Track text and Hub-Key Sensors, and presentation of the keys in alphabetic sequence. The other two sub-groups the control group -- received keyboarding instruction by the traditional method, i.e., keyboarding text, and home keys followed by random letters. Subjects were taught the alphabet keys, period, comma, shift lock, and shift keys in about 11'/2 hours spread over an 8-week period, divided into 4-week sessions for each treatment. Towards the end of the period of instruction, subjects were involved in using their keyboarding capability to compose language arts material at the keyboard. At the end of the period of instruction, two 3-minute straight copy timings were administered as the posttest. Scores for each subject were averaged and analyzed by a parametric statistical test, viz., analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was hypothesized that subjects who were taught touch keyboarding by the Herzog System would achieve higher speeds, that they would be more accurate, and that they would be more adept at composing at the keyboard, than students taught by the traditional method. The analysis of variance procedure did not support the first two hypotheses, but it supported the third hypothesis.
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Haug, Sarah Woodbury. "From many cultures, one nation : ethnic and nationalist identity in Belizean children /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6508.

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Koll, Johannes. "Die belgische Nation : Patriotismus und Nationalbewußtsein in den Südlichen Niederlanden im späten 18. Jahrhundert /." Münster : Waxmann, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40022965f.

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Covert, Julia L. "A narrative analysis of National board- and non-national Board-Certified Teachers's belief systems /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488199501403774.

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Cullen, Anne Mary. "Belief in the nation : a postcolonial reading of Los años con Laura Díaz by Carlos Fuentes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433016.

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Anderson, Kirsten. "National Powers of Belief: Folklore, Mythology and Festival in Nazi Germany." TopSCHOLAR®, 1999. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/740.

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In this thesis, I examine the relationship between folklore and nationalism in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany. More specifically, I focus on how the Nazis used folklore and the work of folklorists in their propaganda. The first chapter documents the development of nationalism and the creation of the discipline of folklore based on the theories of Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) and Wilhelm Riehl (1823-1897). Herder wanted the Germans to rediscover their national heritage through folklore materials, and Riehl argued that folklore and folklorists should serve the Fatherland. In the 1930s, the Nazi Party used the discipline of folklore as a tool for their cultural policies and ideological education because the discipline had such close associations with nationalism and anti-Semitism. In Chapter Two, I trace the development of the National Socialist ideology from the conservative revolution and the Volkisch movements of the nineteenth century. National Socialism was akin to a religion and in Chapter Three, I document the careers of two of its "priests": Alfred Rosenberg, the philosopher of the NSDAP, and Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS. Both men created folklore organizations and employed folklorists to support the Nazi ideology. In Chapter Four, I analyze the festival theory of two folklorists employed by Rosenberg and then examine the Nazi festival calendar, which was based on both traditional holidays and the new celebrations of the Nazi Party. The annual Reichsparteitag (Reich Party Day), held in 1923, 1926, 1927, 1929, and then from 1933 to 1938, was the most important holiday on the Nazi calendar and I analyze it as a folk festival in Chapter Five, using the theories of Victor Turner, Alessandro Falassi, and Barbara Myerhoff. In addition, I use the theories of John Dorst concerning ethnography in a postmodern society and performance folkloristics to analyze the verbal art and performances at the rallies. Finally, I conclude with an overview of how German Volkskunde has changed after the Nazi era and discuss how the issue of folklore and ideology in Germany relates to the American discipline of folklore with a brief look at American festivals like the White Top Music Festival in Virginia (1931-1939) and the current Festival of American Folklife in Washington D.C. Three themes inform this analysis: 1.) Both folklore studies and National Socialism have a common background in the issues of the nineteenth century: nationalism, irrationalism, and the notion that Germany was a nation with a special destiny; 2.) The Nazi Party was unique in comparison with other political organizations because it made such conscious use of folklore materials. The Nazis' active use of folklore in all of its forms attracted ordinary Germans who had suffered great losses in the First World War, felt threatened by the radical modernity of the Weimar Republic, suffered through the Depression, and wanted to feel good about their nation again; and 3.) By examining specific issues like folklore and festivals, we can gain a deeper understanding of why Germans accepted Adolf Hitler and National Socialism.
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Cal, Gabriel. "Opportunity to Learn (OTL) and the Alignment of Upper Division Mathematics Learning Outcomes, Textbooks, and the National Assessment in Belize." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3027.

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Books on the topic "Nation – Belize"

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Bolland, O. Nigel. Belize, a new nation in Central America. Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

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A history of Belize: Nation in the making. Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize: Cubola Productions, 2008.

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St. George's Caye: The birthplace of a nation : Caio Cosina. Belmopan, Belize]: Institute for Social and Cultural Research, 2010.

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Encalada, Nigel. St. George's Caye: The birthplace of a nation : Caio Cosina. Belmopan, Belize]: Institute for Social and Cultural Research, 2010.

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Belize: Tracking the path of its history : from the heart of the Maya Empire to a retreat for buccaneers, a safe-haven for ex-pirates and pioneers, a crown colony and a modern nation. Zürich: Lit, 2014.

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Myths of ethnicity and nation: Immigration, work, and identity in the Belize banana industry. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997.

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Iyo, Joe. Belize, a new vision: African and Maya civilizations, the heritage of a new nation. Belize City: Factory Books, 2007.

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Iyo, Joe. Belize, a new vision: African and Maya civilizations, the heritage of a new nation. Belize City: Factory Books, 2007.

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From colony to nation: Women activists and the gendering of politics in Belize, 1912-1982. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

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Tun, Isabel. National symbols of Belize. [Belize]: 64 Squares Pub. House, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nation – Belize"

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Çınar, Özgür Heval. "The Military-Nation and Conscientious Objectors." In Freedom of Religion and Belief in Turkey, 35–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70077-5_3.

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"Chapter 11. Belize: A Country but Not a Nation." In Small Countries, 236–49. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812293791-012.

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Restall, Matthew, and Amara Solari. "7. Colonizations." In The Maya: A Very Short Introduction, 87–108. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190645021.003.0007.

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“Colonizations” charts the invasions and dislocations experienced on an unprecedented scale by the Maya peoples since the sixteenth century. The Maya area is carved up among five nation-states—Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. Agricultural centers such as Guatemala experienced slavery and exploitation in the nineteenth century, and in the latter half of the twentieth century, Mayas in Guatemala were subject to a campaign of violence and genocide. Their mystery has long entranced scholars of the Maya, giving rise to some extreme theories, including extraterrestrial involvement in Maya civilization. However, Maya history is a story not only of victimization, but also of adaptation and survival.
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"Belize." In Permanent Missions to the United Nations, 40. United Nations, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789213585009c018.

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"Belize." In Permanent Missions to the United Nations, 38. United Nations, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210018289c018.

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"Belize." In Permanent Missions to the United Nations, No. 309, 38. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210056755c018.

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"Belize." In Permanent Missions to the United Nations No.301, 27. United Nations, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210544207c018.

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"Belize." In Permanent Missions to the United Nations No.299, 27. United Nations, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210558693c018.

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"Belize." In Permanent Missions to the United Nations No.300, 28. United Nations, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210543668c018.

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"Belize." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 249–52. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/6fa8ffb4-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nation – Belize"

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Claassen, Colleen C., Natalia Largaespada-Beer, Edna Mendez-Peraza, Glenn Barber, Milagro Garel, Sarah Iracane, Alexandra Leader, and Robert E. Fleming. "Belize National Implementation of Helping Babies Breathe and Essential Care for Every Baby Programs." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.454.

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Алексеева, М. М. "Лемковский журнал «Ватра» как источник изучения социолингвистической ситуации и диалектных особенностей современных лемковских говоров." In Межкультурное и межъязыковое взаимодействие в пространстве Славии (к 110-летию со дня рождения С. Б. Бернштейна). Институт славяноведения РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0459-6.28.

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“Watra” magazine is published by the Union of Lemkos in Poland. It represents the views of those Lemkos who consider themselves part of the Ukrainian nation and believe their language is a Ukrainian dialect as opposed to those Lemkos who claim to constitute a separate nation with a separate Lemko language. According to the editorial policy the magazine publishes texts in both standard Ukrainian and different versions of the Lemko dialect which allows to study the ongoing processes in the Lemko vernacular.
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Gomboev, B. T. "History and culture of «semeyskie» in exhibits of National museum of the Republic of Buryatia." In Old Belief: History and Modernity, Local Traditions, Relations in Russia and Abroad. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-0771-8-337-339.

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Alom, Md Zahangir, VenkataRamesh Bontupalli, and Tarek M. Taha. "Intrusion detection using deep belief networks." In NAECON 2015 - IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naecon.2015.7443094.

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Obaka, Abel I. "Improving Access to Qualitative Education for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs): How National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) Could Key in." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3434.

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This paper investigates how access to qualitative education for persons with disabilities (PWDs) can be improved through the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). The paper is anchored on Moore's theory of distance education. It employs qualitative survey research and findings show that majority of respondents believe that NOUN can fast-track access to education for PWDs. Also, the majority of respondents are of the opinion that one of the fastest means of removing the stigma against PWDs is their inclusiveness and integration through their unfettered access to Open and Distance Learning (ODL). However, the majority of the respondents are of the belief that PWDs may face challenges in accessing ODL due to endemic poverty and cultural distortions. The paper, therefore, concludes with recommendations for advocacy on the importance of ODL for the education of the PWDs as well as for the government to provide enabling environment to support ODL education in Nigeria by institutionalizing ODL education for PWDs. It also recommends the improvement and development of relevant information and communications technology (ICT) and more open educational resources (OER) for accessibility and inclusion of PWDs in ODL education delivery architecture. They must be combined with appropriate content and pedagogy as well as legislation to institutionalize the education of PWDs through ODL as offered by NOUN.
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Bashar, A., G. P. Parr, S. I. McClean, B. W. Scotney, M. Subramanian, S. K. Chaudhari, and T. A. Gonsalves. "Employing Bayesian Belief Networks for energy efficient Network Management." In 2010 National Conference On Communications (NCC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncc.2010.5430172.

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Hairi, Nur Atika, and Norhafizah Ahmad. "Pengaruh dan Impak Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) Terhadap Isu Palestin di Malaysia." In Conference on Pusat Pengajian Umum dan Kokurikulum 2020/1. Penerbit UTHM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/ahcs.2020.01.01.001.

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The Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM) is an Islamic organisation legally established in 1972. From 1971 until now, ABIM is very concern to international issues, especially the Israeli-Palestinian issue. This article discusses the influence and impact of ABIM in fighting for the liberation of Palestine (1971-2020). ABIM has always called on those responsible for Palestinian independence and the freedom of its people from the grip of Israel. Although various peace negotiations have been held between Israel and Palestine internationally, concrete solutions have not been reached. The objective to be achieved is to analyze ABIM’s involvement in resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The methodology used is primary source research in the National Archives of Malaysia and the ABIM Archive. Apart from that, an interview with the President of ABIM, Mr. Muhammad Faisal Abdul Aziz was also held. The results of the study found that ABIM is consistent and active in fighting for this issue. This proves that the voice of NGOs can influence and impact decisions at the national and international levels such as the United Nations (UN). The volume of voice that is always displayed by ABIM is able to give awareness to the leaders and the people of Malaysia that this issue is not just a religious issue but this issue is a universal issue involving humanitarian values. ABIM has held press conferences, sent memorandum, held demonstrations, peaceful rallies, boycotts of American-Israeli goods and set up a Palestinian Aid Fund to raise the issue. ABIM's official paper, 'Risalah' also played a role in disseminating current Palestinian issues by publishing articles from original sources on the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and developments in Palestine, especially in the 1970s. This is because resources at the time were very limited and Western media published biased and untrue news.
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Hidayah, Nurina, St Budi Waluya, and Walid. "Problem solving ability and belief in prospective mathematics teachers." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0096107.

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Rohmat, Rohmat, Siti Khoerunnisa, and Regita Prameswari. "Position of Belief in the Status of Freedom of Religion and Belief Based on the International Law, National Law, and Islamic Law." In 1st International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies (ICILS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icils-18.2018.52.

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Hartanto, Aries Agus Budi, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, and Isti Surjandari. "Sentiment Analysis of Standardization using Deep Belief Network: a case of Indonesian National Standards." In APCORISE 2021: 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Research in Industrial and Systems Engineering 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468013.3468667.

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Reports on the topic "Nation – Belize"

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Martin, Dougal, Cassandra Rogers, and Michele H. Lemay. Sustainable Tourism in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009240.

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The health of Belize's economy is closely related to the health of the tourism industry, which was responsible for 40 percent of total exports of goods and services from 2008 to 2012. The tourism industry in Belize is still an emerging sector, and its continued sustainable growth is a critical factor. This technical note discusses the main characteristics of Belize's tourism sector and its importance to the national economy, and identifies the key constraints to the sector's sustainable development and the policies currently being implemented. The note highlights the country's cultural heritage, biodiversity, and ecosystems as forms of natural capital; the threats of natural disasters and climate change; and the opportunities to achieve sustainable tourism. It also presents policy recommendations, taking into account the strategic goals of the National Sustainable Tourism Master Plan 2012-2030 (NSTMP), a strategic framework for sustainable development that guides Belize's tourism sector, as well as the goals toward regional integration in Central America.
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Findlater, Emma, Emma Näslund-Hadley, Ingrid Acosta, María Fernanda Prada, and Mario Eckardt. Building a Skilled Workforce for the Green Transition: The Changing Technical and Vocational Education Landscape In Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005499.

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Belizes tourism-dependent economy was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, pushing the importance of diversification and resilience to the forefront of discussions. To create a sustainable, resilient, and job-generating economy, the country is preparing for a transition to renewable energy. To meet this challenge, the Inter-American Development Bank and the government of Belize are working together to modernize technical and vocational education and training (TVET) so as to equip Belizeans with the skills demanded by a green economy. By harnessing the potential of TVET to bridge the skills gap and meet market demand, the changing training landscape in Belize is not only creating job opportunities, but also laying the foundation for a sustainable and prosperous future. The effort starts with the nations target of generating 85 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.
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Stads, Gert-Jan, and Luis de los Santos. Agricultural R&D Indicators Factsheet Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004872.

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The IDB has been financing the collection of data from Latin America and the Caribbean for several years for the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) program. ASTI is an open-access and reliable source of data on agricultural research systems in developing countries, linked to the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and part of the CGIAR Program. ASTI works with a broad network of national partners to collect, compile, and publish data on human, financial, and institutional resources, at the national and regional levels, from government organizations, higher education institutions, non-profit entities, and (where possible) private for-profit agricultural research organizations.
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Perfit, Janine, Mariko Russell, and Jorge E. Muñoz-Ayala. Improving the Quality of Statistics in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009236.

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In modern public management the use of statistics for decision making is essential. Evidence-based policy, as well as results-based public management, cannot operate effectively without reliable and timely data. Likewise, without more specialized, quality statistics, the achievement of development objectives cannot be appropriately monitored, or the effectiveness of development plans evaluated. In the specific context of Belize, the importance of a well-functioning statistical system is essential to the process of economic and social development of the country. Yet, according to the evidence collected, the country is characterized by the absence of a statistical system; as such, the agencies that produce data based on administrative registries and surveys usually do their work independently; there is no regulation that governs statistical production in any institution outside the Statistical Institute of Belize (SIB); and there is no common set of classifiers, norms, and definitions based on good practices that meet international standards. Since the SIB does not audit and regulate the production of data in the country, statistical production is disintegrated and there is room for improvement in timeliness and quality. Moreover, Belize's National Statistical System (NSS) does not have any effective mechanism to reach users. To improve this situation, this technical note recommends strengthening the SIB's capacity to produce basic statistics and increasing the country's use of statistics through the implementation of a national statistics strategy in Belize with the SIB in the role as the coordinating agency. This will help to strengthen the entire statistical system.
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Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. Belize's Regional Integration Options: Guatemala and Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009368.

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Export-led growth is the most sustainable way for Belize to raise its long-run rate of growth of GDP per head to meet the aspirations of its people and to put external debt servicing on a more secure basis. Expanding exports of goods and services to Guatemala and Mexico would be a useful step in this direction. This can be done by emphasizing tourism and non-travel services to Guatemala and Mexico which could help to increase the value of exports. Other services, such as transport, business outsourcing and finance, also have potential for expansion. Key recommendations to promote trade with Guatemala and Mexico include: increasing the capacity to estimate unrecorded exports of goods; increasing Belize¿s national capacity to produce an exportable surplus so that increased exports to these two markets do not simply displace exports to other countries; developing a strategy for promotion of non-tourism services exports; and revising and expanding the Partial Scope Agreement (PSA) with Guatemala to stimulate Belizean exports.
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Fernández Monge, Ernesto. Trade Policy Scope and Taxation Study in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009147.

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The Technical Note provides an overview of the trends in Belize's tariff structure over recent years, in particular its trade policy, commitments and obligations, the tax revenue implications, and the scope for policy implementation. Specifically, it assesses the country's level of compliance with CARICOM commitments, such as the application of the common external tariff, and outlines and analyzes Belize's trade agreement obligations and their timing and impact with respect to fiscal incentives. It provides policy recommendations and alternatives for compliance with Belize's international trade commitments, for example with the World Trade Organization (WTO), from legislative and policy changes to further trade liberalization and fiscal measures to ensure compliance with its existing international tariff and nontariff commitments. The study considers the solution to eliminate the use of revenue replacement duties, lower all tariffs on excisable goods, and then levy an excise tax on each of the goods up to the current level imposed by import and revenue replacement duties. The study argues in favor of the elimination of the Environmental Tax, as it violates the principle of WTO national treatment in its current form, and takes into account that the export incentive programs will have to be reformed to comply with the rules of the WTO before the end of 2015. Finally, the study proposes a transformation or rationalization of the import license regime to make it more predictable, transparent, and nondiscriminatory.
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García Moreno, Mauricio, Juan Pablo Cuesta, Jorge Kaufmann, Mario Sanginés, and Violeta Pallavicini. Belize: Building Effective Governments: Executive Summaries of the Country Studies. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006258.

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This document presents the executive summary of the "National Progress Report (2007-2013) on Institutional Capacity to Implement Managing for Development Results" in Belize. It is based on the methodology of the PRODEV Evaluation Tool (PET), an instrument that analyzes the five pillars of the public policy management cycle: (i) planning, (ii) budgeting, (ii) public financial management, (iv) program and project management, and (v) monitoring and evaluation. The instrument was applied in 24 countries on 2 occasions, the first between 2007 and 2009 and the second in 2013, which led to studies on the evolution of MfDR during that period. The reports provided input to Building Effective Governments: Achievements and Challenges for Results-Based Public Administration in Latin America and the Caribbean, a book published by the Institutional Capacity of the State Division of the Inter-American Development Bank in 2015.
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Lacambra, Sergio, Ginés Suárez, Tsuneki Hori, Ivonne Jaimes, Claudio Osorio, Marcel Goyeneche, Ana María Torres, and Ernesto Visconti. Index of Governance and Public Policy in Disaster Risk Management (iGOPP): National Report Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002826.

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Griffard, B. F., and Dale C. Eikmeier. Center for Strategic Leadership Issue Paper December 2006, Volume 11-06. Belize 2021 National Security Framework: Strengthening the Links between Policy, Resource Allocation, and Execution. Belize National Security Strategy Formulation Process Workshop #3. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada515544.

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Arcia, Gustavo. Efficiency of Public Expenditures in Education and Health in Belize, 2003 - 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009289.

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Fundamental to the achievement of a country's economic and social development goals is efficiency in its public spending. This study analyses the levels and trends of public spending in the education and health sectors in Belize and offers an initial approach to evaluating the efficiency of such spending, taking into consideration the performance of the main outcome indicators for both sectors. The study contributes to the existing literature by using a new database that allows a territorial approach, by documenting the disparities of spending and sectorial outcomes at a national level and among different political administrative units (districts) for the period 2003-2013. Based on the aforementioned analysis, the study also identifies areas for improvement and presents policy recommendations to be implemented at a territorial level. Owing to the limitation of data in Central American countries, this analysis is encompassed in a regional effort of systematization and standardization of public spending figures and of input and output indicators in these two sectors.
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